微生物英文词汇
微生物学词汇
diploid：二倍体
cell division：细胞分裂
mitosis：有丝分裂
mitotic division：有丝分裂
a full complement of genes：一整套基因
meiosis：减数分裂
gametes：配子
sexual reproduction：有性繁殖
Bilingual Glossary for Microbiology
Chapter 1
Landmark：里程碑
Ramifications：分支
non-cellular life：非细胞生命
prion：朊病毒
microbial diversity and evolution：微生物的多样性和进化
pathogens：病原体
Genomes：基因组
Chromosome：染色体
Circular：环状
copy：拷贝
haploid：单倍体
extrachromosomal：染色体外的6
plasmids：质粒
conferring：赋予
properties：性质，特性
Packaged：包裹的
Yeast：酵母
Folding：折叠的
Packing：包装
Morphology：形态学
Motility：运动性
Mechanism：机制
Developmental biology：发育生物学
Adaptation：适应
environmental extremes：极端环境
Organic chemicals：有机化合物
Inorganic chemicals：无机化合物
微生物学双语词汇
Virion病毒粒子
Viruses病毒
Temperate Bacteriophages温和噬菌体
Lysogeny溶源性细菌
Lysogeny溶原现象Virulent phage烈性噬菌体
Prophage前噬菌体
Viroids类病毒
submicroscopic超显微的
NAM N-乙酰胞壁酸
70S Ribosome核糖体
Bacteria chromosome细菌染色体
Colony菌落
02-2actinomyces放线菌
Actinomycetes放线菌
Nonseptate hypha无隔菌丝
Substrate mycelium基内菌丝
Aerial mycelium气生菌丝
Reproductive mycelium孢子丝
Antibiotics
03真菌fungi
Yeasts酵母菌
Molds霉菌
Mushrooms蕈类
budding出芽生殖
Chitin几丁质
Mitochondria线粒体
Hyphae菌丝
Mycelium菌丝体
Rhizopus根霉
Mucor毛霉
Aspergillus曲霉
Biosynthesis of viral components生物合成Maturation成熟Release释放assembly装配
subviruses亚病毒
satellite virus卫星病毒
Prions朊病毒
05 microbial nutrition
Eukaryotes真核细胞
Culture Medium培养基
微生物学（双语）词汇
微生物专业英语
微生物专业英语2020.2.241、微生物：microorganism [ˌmaɪkroʊˈɔːrɡənɪzəm]释：微生物小的鲜活生物，只有使用显微镜才能看到。
A microorganism is a very small living thing which can only be seen by a microscope.2、固体废弃物：(solid waste)[ˈsɑːlɪd]释：一般所说的垃圾，是人类新陈代谢排泄物和消费品消费后的废弃物品。
Generally speaking, soild waste is the waste products of human metabolism and consumer products after consumption.3、浸出：leach [liːtʃ]释：浸出是通过溶剂从固体中提取可溶性成分的过程。
Leaching is the process of extracting a soluble constituent from a solid by means of a solvent.4、油污泥：oily sludges[slʌdʒ]5、市政污泥civil sludge/ municipal sludge释：主要指来自污水厂的污泥Mainly refers to sludge from sewage plants6、土壤改良：soil improvement释：针对土壤的不良质地和结构，采取相应的物理、生物或化学措施，改善土壤性状，提高土壤肥力，增加作物产量，以及改善人类生存土壤环境的过程。
Soil improvement is the process of taking appropriate physical, biological, or chemical measures to improve soil properties, soil fertility, crop yields, and improving the soil environment of human existence in response to the poor texture and structure of the soil.句子：一、目的研究微生物-植物联合对稠油污染土壤的修复效果，为石油污染土壤生物修复技术的应用提供依据。
微生物英文单词
细菌 bacteria细菌学 bacteriology衣原体 mycoplasma立克次体 rickettsia衣原体 chalmydiae螺旋体 spirochete真菌 fungi真菌学 mycology酵母菌 yeast霉菌 molds菌丝 hyphae菌丝体 mycelium丝状菌 filamentous fungus孢子 spore厚膜孢子 chlamdospore病毒 viruses病毒学 virology噬菌体 bacteriophage毒性噬菌体 virulent phage温和噬菌体 temperate phage前噬菌体 prophage溶原性细菌 lesogenic bacteria溶原性转换 lesogenic conversion原核细胞型微生物 prokaryotes真核细胞型微生物 eukaryote非细胞型微生物 noncellular organisms 微生物 microorganism球菌 coccus cocci杆菌 bacilli螺形菌 spiral bacteria螺菌 spirillum弧菌 vibrio荚膜 capsule鞭毛 flagellum菌毛 pilus芽孢 endospore外膜 outer membrame抗酸染色 acid-fast stain格兰染色 gram stain肽聚糖 peptidoglycans脂多糖 lipopolysaccharide磷脂 phosphatide细胞质 cytoplasm质粒 plasmid细菌L型 bacterial L form消毒 disinfection灭菌 sterilization抑菌 bacteriostasis防腐 antisepsis无菌 asepsis巴氏消毒 pasteurization高压蒸汽灭菌器 autoclave高压蒸汽灭菌法 autoclaving热原质 pyrogen抗生素 antibiotics细菌素 bacteriocins毒素 toxins类毒素 toxoid抗毒素 antitoxin侵袭性酶 invasive enzymes色素 pigments生长曲线 growth curve迟缓期 lag phase对数期 log phase稳定期 stationary phase衰亡期 death phase二分裂法 binary fission培养基 culture media菌落 colony专性厌氧菌 obligate anaerobes 兼性厌氧菌 facultative anaerobe 专性需氧菌 obligate aerobes遗传 heredity变异 variation突变 mutation、转化 transformation转导 transduction转位因子 transposable element致育质粒 fertility plasmid耐药质粒 resistance plasmid毒力质粒 virulence plasmid卡介苗 BCG外毒素 exotoxin细胞毒素 cytotoxin肠毒素 enterotoxin神经毒素 neurotoxin内毒素 endotoxin菌血症 bacteremia毒血症 toxemia败血症 septicemia脓毒血症 pyemia内毒素血症 endotoxemia外源性感染 exogenous infection内源性感染 endogenous infection医院感染 hospital infection显性感染 apparent infection隐性感染 inapparent infection交叉感染 cross infection潜伏感染 latent infection正常菌群 normal flora条件致病菌 conditioned pathogen菌群失调 dysbacteriosis 或 flora disequilibrium 重叠感染 superinfection毒力 virulence侵袭力 invasivenness黏附素 adhesin定居因子 colonization factor抗感染免疫 anti-infection immunity防御素 defensin中和抗体 neutralizing antibody疫苗 vaccine灭活疫苗 inactived vaccine减毒活疫苗 live attenuated vaccine 亚单位疫苗 subunit vaccine凝固酶 coagulase金黄色葡萄球菌 S.aureus链球菌 streptococcus化脓性球菌 pyogenic coccus肠道杆菌 enteric bacilli大肠埃希菌 E.coli痢疾杆菌 dysentery bacterium沙门菌属 salmonella志贺菌属 shigella伤寒沙门菌 S.typhi肥达试验 widal test弧菌属 vibrio霍乱弧菌 V.cholerae副溶血性弧菌 V.parahemolyticus白喉棒状杆菌 C.diptheriae厌氧芽孢梭菌属 clostridum破伤风梭菌 C.tetani产气荚膜梭菌 C.perfringgens肉毒梭菌 C.botulinum艰难梭菌 C.difficile动物源性疾病 zoonosis布鲁菌 brucella鼠疫耶氏菌 Y.pestis炭去芽孢杆菌 B.anthracis空肠弯曲菌 C.jejuni幽门螺杆菌 H.pylori铜绿假单胞菌 P.aeruginnosa流感嗜血杆菌 H.influenzae军团菌属 legionella嗜肺军团菌 L.pneumophila鲍特菌属 bordetella百日咳鲍特菌 B.pertussis衣壳 capsid核衣壳 nucleocapsid壳粒 capsomer核心 core包膜 envelope刺突 spike吸附 absorption穿入 penetration脱壳 uncoting生物合成 biosynthesis病毒 virus病毒体 virion裸病毒 naked virion缺陷病毒 defective virus缺陷干扰颗粒 DIP干扰素 interferon干扰现象 interference流产感染 abortive infection逆转录病毒 retrovirus卫星病毒 satellites类病毒 viroid阮粒 prion慢发病毒感染 slow virus infection delay infection持续性感染 persistent infection 潜伏感染 latent infection水平传播 horizontal transmission 垂直传播 vertical transmission溶细胞感染 cytolytic infection稳定状态感染 steady-state infection 细胞凋亡 cell apoptosis包涵体 inclusion body亚急性硬化性全脑炎 SSPE空斑形成单位 PFU细胞病变效应 CPE流感病毒 influenza virus抗原漂移 antigenic drift抗原转换 antigenic shift麻疹病毒 measles virus腮腺炎病毒 mumps virus呼吸道合胞病毒 RSV风疹病毒 rubella virus严重急性呼吸综合征 SARS脊髓灰质炎病毒 poliovirus柯萨奇病毒 Coxsackie virus埃可病毒 ECHO轮状病毒 rotavirus腺病毒 adenovirus大球形颗粒 dane particle准种 quasispecies疱疹病毒 Herpesvirus登革病毒 Dengue virus黄病毒属 Flavivirus汉坦病毒 Hantavirus沙眼衣原体 C.trachomatis包涵体 inclusion body原体 elementary body ，EB网状体 reticulate body ，RB梅毒螺旋体Treponema Pallidum钩端螺旋体 L.interrogans。
微生物相关单词中英文对照.doc
微生物相关单词中英文对照actinomycete 放线菌actinomycetes 放线菌(类)actinomyces 放线菌algae 藻,藻膜体anthrax vaccine 炭疽菌苗antibiotic 抗菌素,抗生物质,抗生的Archaebacteria 古(原)细菌azotobacter n. 固氮[细]菌brew vt.①酿造(啤酒等)；vi.①酿酒chemolithotroph 化能无机营养菌chemoorganotroph 化能有机营养菌chromosome 真周环状常染色体,染色体cocci (单Coccus ) 球菌cyanobacteria 蓝细菌[蓝绿藻类原核生物]cytoplasm 细胞质,细胞浆differentiation 分化endosymbiosis 内共生(现象)enrichment culture 增殖培养,增菌培养,富集培养,加富培养enzyme 酶Escherichia coli (拉)大肠埃希杆菌,大肠杆菌,(拉)大肠杆菌eukaryote 真核生物fermentation 发酵fungi (单fungus)真菌,霉菌genome 染色体组,基因组geochemistry n. 地球化学Gram staining 革兰(氏)染色法inoculate 接种,移植(细菌)Lactic Acid 乳酸,α-羟基丙酸lineage 谱系metabolism 新陈代谢,代谢作用microbe 微生物microorganism 微生物morphology 形态学,生态学mycoplasma 支原(质)体,原质菌,类菌质体,支原菌(属) Mycoplasmataceae 支原体科nucleus 核,胞核,神经核,原子核,有机化合物的原子团,细胞核organelle 细胞器,类器官pasteurization 巴斯德(氏)灭菌法,低程杀菌法,低温杀菌法penicillin n.盘尼西林phototroph 光能营养生物,光能利用菌phylogeny 种系发生,系统发育plasmid 质体,质粒prokaryote 原核生物protozoa 原生动物,原虫pseudomonad 假单胞菌pure culture 纯系培养,纯培养物,纯种培养,纯(粹)培养respire 呼吸rhizobium (拉)根瘤菌属ribosome 核蛋白体,核粒体,核糖体,核(糖核)蛋白体acetylglucosamine 乙酰葡萄糖胺,乙酰氨基葡萄糖acetylmuramic acid 乙酰胞壁酸,乙酰基粘糖酸amino acid 氨基酸azalein 品红,复红biomolecule 活质分子carbohydrate 碳水化合物,糖类chemotaxis 趋化性,趋药性,向化性crystal violet-iodine complex 结晶紫和碘的复合物cylindrical 圆筒状的,圆柱状的diaminopimelic acid 二氨基庚二酸endotoxin 内毒素extract 拔出,取出,提取,浸出物,抽提,提取液,提出物,浸膏,萃,萃取,蒸馏出flagellum (复flagella )鞭毛,鞭节,鞭状器(蛹),鞭状体(软体动物) peritrichous 周生鞭毛(的) glycosidic bond 糖苷键halophile 适盐植物,喜盐植物,嗜盐微生物hydrophilic 亲水的hydrophobic 疏水的,狂犬病的insoluble 不(能)溶解的,不能解释的,不溶解的,不能解决的integral membrane protein 膜内在蛋白质isomeric (同分)异构的,同质异能的linkage 键,链合,连接,连锁,联系lipid monolayer 类脂单层,脂单层lipopolysaccharide 脂多糖lipoprotein 脂蛋白质lysis 松解术,溶解,溶化,渐退,消散lysozyme 溶菌酶methanobacteria 甲烷杆菌mordant 媒染剂,饰染剂pathogenic 致病的peptidoglycan 粘肽,肽聚糖peripheral membrane protein 外在膜蛋白periplasm 周质phospholipids 磷脂phospholipid bilayer 磷脂双层photomicrograph 显微照片phototaxis 趋光性polar [=polarization]极化,偏振porin 一类细胞外膜孔道蛋白protoplasm 原生质protoplast 原生质体pseudopeptidoglycan 假肽聚糖(微)rod 杆菌safranine 番红,藏(花)红salmonella (复salmonellae)沙门(氏)菌(Gram-negative)spherical 球的,球体的,球状的,球形的,球面的,天体的spirochete n. 螺旋菌staphylococcus (复staphylococci)葡萄球菌staphylococcus aureus (拉)金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌,金黄色葡萄球菌,金黄色酿脓葡萄球菌sterols 醇teichoic acid 【化】磷壁酸【医】壁酸(为细胞型成分之一)Thermoplasma 热原体属Amphitrichous 两端鞭毛的,两端单毛的Aspergillus (复aspergilli)曲霉bacillus mucilaginosus 胶质芽孢杆菌Bacillus mycoides 蕈状芽胞杆菌,霉状芽孢杆菌bacillus thuringiensis (拉)苏芸金杆菌,苏芸金芽胞杆菌Candida mycoderma 假丝酵母Colony 菌(集)落,菌丛,集落conserved 保守的flagellin 鞭毛蛋白,鞭毛素hook 牵引钩鞭毛钩lophotrichous 具偏端丛毛的,丛鞭毛的monotrichous 单鞭毛的,偏端单毛的motility 活力,活率,活动力polar flagellation 极生鞭毛pseudomonas 假单胞菌(属),假单胞菌属Pseudomonas fluorescens 萤光假单胞菌Rhizopus 酒曲菌属,根霉菌属Rotate 旋转,转动serratia marcescens 粘质赛氏杆菌,粘质沙霉菌(属)Streptomyces coelicolor 天蓝色链霉菌Streptomyces violaceorectus 紫色直丝链霉菌adhere 粘附,粘连conjugation 结合,接合,结合反应,联接,共轭cortex 皮质,皮层dipicolinic acid 吡啶二羧酸,二吡啶羧酸exosporium 外生孢子,(孢子或花粉)外壁,外胞fimbriae (噬菌体)伞毛,菌毛glycocalyx 多糖包被pillus 菌毛（复pilli）spore coat 芽胞膜,芽胞外被sporulation 孢子形成activation 激活,激活作用adhere 粘附,粘连conjugation 结合,接合,结合反应,联接,共轭dipicolinic acid 吡啶二羧酸,二吡啶羧酸endosporulate 内孢子形成exosporium 外生孢子,(孢子或花粉)外壁,外胞fimbriae (噬菌体)伞毛,菌毛germination 萌发,发芽glycocalyx 多糖包被outgrowth 向外生长(放),赘疣pillus 菌毛（复pilli）spore coat 芽胞膜,芽胞外被sporulation 孢子形成activation energy 活化能,激活能aerobe 需氧菌,需氧微生物anabolism n.组成代谢, 合成代谢anarobian 厌氧的,厌氧菌arthrospore 节孢子(微)ascospore 子囊孢子(微),子囊层aseptic 无菌的aseptic technique 无菌技术,无菌操作aspergillus (复aspergilli)曲霉autotroph 自养生物,独立营养物axial 轴的,中轴的,轴式的basidiospore 担子孢子biotin 生物素又称“维生素H”。
微生物单词
微生物学microbiology 培养物culture 纯培养物pure culture 无菌技术aseptic technique培养皿culture dish 培养基culture medium 菌落colony 菌苔lawn 培养平板culture plate涂布平板spread plate method 稀释倒平板法pour plate method 平板划线法streak plate method 稀释摇管法shake tube method 细胞壁cell wall 细胞质膜（质膜）cytoplasmic membrane(plasma membrane) 间体mesosome 细胞质（细胞质基质）cytoplasm(cytoplasmic matrix) 内含物inclusion body 核区nuclear region or area 芽孢spore 鞭毛flagellum 菌毛fimbria 性毛pili 糖被glycocalyx（微荚膜microcapsule 荚膜capsule 黏液层slime layer）溶菌酶lysozyme 肽桥peptide interbridge 四肽尾（四肽侧链）tetrapeptide side chain 磷壁酸teichoic acid 外膜outer membrane 脂多糖lipopolysaccharide 外膜蛋白outer membrane protein 周质空间periplasmic space 抗酸细菌acid-fast bacteria 索状因子cord factor 假肽聚糖pseudopeptidoglycan 糖蛋白glycoprotein L-型细菌L-form of bacteria 原生质体protoplast 球状体spheroplast 支原体mycoplasma 液态镶嵌模型fluid mosaic model贮藏物reserve materials 异染粒metachromatic granules 藻青素cyanophycin 磁小体megnetosome 羧酶体carboxysome 气泡gas vacuoles 隐生态cryptobiosis 皮层cortex芽孢萌发germination 渗透调节皮层膨胀学说osmoregulatory expanded cortex theory 伴孢晶体parasporal crystal S层S layer 营养物质nutrient 碳源source of carbon 蛋白胨peptone无机盐inorganic salt 生长因子growth factor 光能无机自养型photolithoautotrophy 光能有机异养型photoorganoheterotrophy 化能无机自养型chemolithoautotrophy 化能有机自养型chemoorganoheterotrophy 营养缺陷型auxotroph 原养型prototroph 腐生型metatrophy 寄生型paratrophy 氧化还原电位redox potential 天然培养基complex medium 合成培养基synthetic medium 固体培养基solid medium 半固体培养基semisolid medium 液体培养基liquid medium 基础培养基minimum medium 加富培养基enrichment medium 鉴别培养基differential medium 选择培养基selective medium 分析培养基assay medium 还原性培养基reduced medium 组织培养物培养基tissue-culture medium 透过屏障permeability barrier扩散diffusion 促进扩散facilitated diffusion 载体carrier 主动运输active transport 被动运输passive transport 初级主动运输primary active transport 次级主动运输secondary active transport ATP结合性盒式转运蛋白ATP-binding cassette transporter 基因转位group translocation 膜泡转运membrane reside transport 胞吞作用phagocytosis 胞饮作用pinocytosis 代谢metabolism 分解代谢catabolism 合成代谢anabolism 发酵fermentation糖酵解glycolysis 有氧呼吸aerobic respiration 无氧呼吸anaerobic respiration 底物水平磷酸化substrate level phosphorylation 氧化磷酸化oxidative phosphorylation 化学渗透偶联假说chemiosmotic-coupling hypothesis 构象变化偶联假说conformation-coupling hypothesis 光合磷酸化photophosphorylation 生长曲线growth curve 迟缓期lag phase 对数生长期log phase 稳定生长期stationary phase 衰亡期death phase 倍增时间doubling time 同步培养synchronous culture 连续培养continuous culture of microorganisms 生物量biomass 菌落形成单位colony forming unit 抗生素antibiotic 病毒virus 毒粒virion 复制replication 噬菌斑plaque 致细胞病变效应cytopathic effect包涵体inclusion body 感染性测定assay of infectivity 琼脂层叠法agar layer method 病毒中和作用neutralization 中和抗体neutralizing Ab 二十面体对称icosahedral symmetry 双对称binery symmetry 核壳nucleocapsid 结构蛋白structure protein 非结构蛋白non-structure protein 基质蛋白matrix protein 复制周期replicative cycle 病毒吸附蛋白viral attachment protein 病毒入胞viropexis 流产感染abortive infection 限制性感染restrictive infection 潜伏感染latent infection 基因组genome 质粒plasmid 转座因子transposable element 表型phenotype 营养缺陷型auxotroph 抗药性突变型resistant mutant 条件致死突变型conditional lethal mutant 形态突变型morphological mutant 自发突变spontaneous mutation 诱发突变induced mutation 基因水平转移hopizontal gene transfer 接合作用conjugation 转导transduction 普遍性转导generalized transduction 局限性转导specialized transduction 遗传转化genetic transformation 中断杂交interrupted mating 共转化cotransformation 共转导cotransduction 进化evolution 系统发育树phylogenetic tree 细菌bacteria 古生菌archaea 真核生物eukarya 分类classification 命名nomenclature 鉴定identification 居群population 型form 种species 属genus 病原微生物pathogenic microorganism 感染infection 免疫immunity 条件致病菌opportunistic pathogen 侵袭力invasiveness 病毒毒素toxin 杀细胞感染cytocidal infection 稳定状态steady state 整合状态integrated state 非特异性免疫non-specific immunity 补体系统complement system 干扰素interferon 吞噬细胞phagocyte 自然杀伤细胞natural killer cell 炎症inflammatory 特异性免疫specific immunity 免疫系统immune system 免疫应答immune response 抗原antigen Ag免疫原性immunogenicity 免疫反应性immunoreactivity 抗原决定簇antigen determinant超抗原superantigen 抗体antibody 体液免疫humoral immunity 初次应答primary response再次应答secondary response 免疫记忆immunological memory 细胞免疫cell mediated immunity 迟发型超敏反应delayed type hypersensitivity 免疫荧光技术immunofluorescence technic 放射免疫测定radioimmunoassay 免疫酶技术immunoenzyme technics 人工自动免疫artifical active immunization 免疫印迹immunoblot 人工被动免疫artifical passive immunization 类毒素toxoid。
微生物单词
active immunity（主动免疫）: Immunity acquired through direct stimulation of the immune system by antigen.active transport（主动运输）:Transport of molecules against a concentration gradient (from regions of low concentration to regions of high concentration) with the aid of proteins in the cell membrane and energy from ATP.Alcohol fermentation（乙醇发酵）：is the formation of alcohol from sugar. Yeast, when under anaerobic conditions, convert glucose to pyruvic acid via the glycolysis pathways, then go one step farther, converting pyruvic acid into ethanol, a C-2 compound.aerobe（好氧微生物）: A microorganism that lives and grows in the presence of free gaseous oxygen (O2).aflatoxin（黄曲霉毒素）: From Aspergillus flavus t, a mycotoxin that typically poisons moldy animal feed and can cause liver cancer in humans and other animals.AIDS（爱滋病）: Acquired Immune deficiency syndrome. The complex of signs and symptoms characteristic of the late phase of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.Ames test（艾姆氏实验）: A method for detecting mutagenic and potentially carcinogenic agents based upon the genetic alteration of nutritionally defective bacteriaanabolism（合成代谢）: The energy consuming process of incorporating nutrients into protoplasm through biosynthesis.anaerobe（厌氧微生物）: A microorganism that grows best, or exclusively, in the absence of oxygen.antibiotic（抗生素）:A chemical substance from one microorganism that can inhibit or kill another microbe even in minute amounts.antibody（抗体）: A large protein molecule evoked in response to an antigen that interacts specifically with that antigen.antigen（抗原）: Any cell, particle, or chemical that induces a specific immune response by B cells or T cells and can stimulate resistance to an infection or a toxin.antigenic determinant（抗原决定基）:The precise molecular group of an antigen that defines its specificity and triggers the immune response.antimetabolite（抗代谢物）:A substance such as a drug that competes with, substitutes for, or interferes with a normal metabolite.antiseptic（防腐剂）：A growth-inhibiting agent used on tissues to prevent infection.antiserum（抗血清）：Antibody-rich serum derived from the blood of animals (deliberately immunized against infectious or toxic antigen) or from people who have recovered from specific nfections.antitoxin（抗毒素）：Globulin fraction of serum that neutralizesa specific toxin. Also refers to the specific antitoxin antibody itself.arthrospore（节孢子）：A fungal spore formed by the septation fragmentation of hyphae.ascospore（子囊）：A spore formed within a saclike cell (ascus) of Ascomycota following nuclear fusion and meiosis.asepsis（无菌）：A condition free of viable pathogenic microorganisms.autoantibody（自身抗体）：An "anti-self antibody having an ffinity for tissue antigens of the subject in which it is formed.autoantigen（自身抗原）： Molecules that are inherently part of self but are perceived by the immune system as foreignautoimmune disease（自身免疫疾病）：The pathologic condition arising from the production of antibodies against autoantigens. Example: rheumatoid arthritis. Also called autoimmunitybacteriophage（噬菌体）：A virus that specifically infects bacteria.bacteriostatic（抑菌）：Any process or agent that inhibits bacterial growth.binary fission（二分裂）：The formation of two new cells of approximately equal size as the result of parent cell division.B lymphocyte (B cell)： A white blood cell that gives rise to plasma cells and antibodies.broad spectrum（广谱）： A word to denote drugs that affect many different types of bacteria, both gram-positive and gram-negative.Capsid（衣壳）：The protein covering of a virus's nucleic acid core. Capsids exhibit symmetry due to the regular arrangement of subunits called capsomers.capsomer（衣壳粒）： A subunit of the virus capsid shaped as a triangle or disc.capsule（荚膜）： In bacteria, the loose, gel-like covering or slime made chiefly of simple polysaccharides. This layer is protective and can be associated with virulence.Catabolism（分解代谢）：The chemical breakdown of complex compounds into simpler units to be used in cell metabolism.cell-mediated immune（细胞介导免疫）： The type of immune responses brought about by T cells, such as cytotoxic, suppressor, and helper effects.chemoautotroph（化能自养菌）：An organism that relies upon inorganic chemicals for its energy and carbon dioxide for its carbon. Also called a chemolithotraphchemotaxis（趋化性）： The tendency of organisms to move in response to a chemical gradient (toward an attractant or to avoid adverse stimuli).Chemotherapy（化学治疗剂）：The use of chemical substances or drugs to treat or prevent disease.Chitin（几丁质）：A polysaccharide similar to cellulose in chemical structure. This polymer makes up the homy substance of the exoskeletons of arthropods and certain fungicomplement（补体）：In immunology, serum protein components hat act in a definite sequence when set in motion either by an antigen-antibody complex or by factors of the alternative (properdin) pathway.Conldia（分生孢子）：Asexual fungal spores shed as free units from the tips of fertile hyphae. Conjugation（接合）：In bacteria, the contact between donor and recipient cells associated with the transfer of genetic material such as plasmids. Can involvespecial (sex) pili. Also a form of sexual recombination in ciliated protozoans.Colony(菌落)： A macroscopic cluster of cells appearing on a solid medium, each arising from the multiplication of a single cell.Contaminant（污染物）：An impurity; any undesirable material or organism.Culture（培养物）：The visible accumulation of microorganisms in or on a nutrient medium. Also, the propagation of microorganisms with various media. curddifferential medium（鉴别培养基）： A single substrate that discriminates between groups of microorganisms on the basis of differences in their appearance due to different chemical reactions.differential stain（鉴别染色）： A technique that utilizes two dyes to distinguish between different microbial groups or cell parts by color reaction.Disinfection（消毒）：The destruction of pathogenic nonsporulating microbes or their toxins, usually on inanimate surfaces.ELISA（酶联免疫）： Abbreviation for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, a very sensitive serological test used to detect antibodies in diseases such as AIDS。
常用微生物学英语词汇
常用微生物学英语词汇落 secondary colony粗糙型菌落 rough colony光滑型菌落 smooth colony丝状型菌落 filamentous type colony 子菌落 daughter colony深层菌落 deep colony粘液型菌落 mucoid colony巨大菌落 giant colony侏儒型菌落 dwarf colony菌苔 lawn菌胶团 zoogloea菌膜 pellicle[菌]醭 mycoderm, pellicle群游现象 swarming菌柄 stipe[菌体]附器 appendage鞭毛 flagellum周质鞭毛 periplasmic flagella轴丝 axial filament菌毛 pilus性丝 *** pilus外生孢子 exospore内生孢子 endospore芽孢 spore芽孢形成 sporulation终端芽孢 terminal spore近端芽孢 subterminal spore中生芽孢 central spore前芽孢 forespore[芽孢]皮层 cortex芽孢外膜 exitine芽孢内膜 intine外壁 exine伴胞晶体 parasporal crystal菌蜕 ghost鞘 sheath荚膜 capsule粘液层 slime layer微荚膜 microcapsule壁膜间隙 periplasmic space原生质体 protoplast原生质球 spheroplast气泡 gas vacuole甲烷粒体 methanochondria间体 mesosome载色体 chromatophore鞭毛基体 flagellar basal body异染质 volutin异染粒 matachromatic granules致死颗粒 killer particle紫膜 purple membrane噬菌体 bacteriophage无囊盖类 inoperculatae超显微微生物 ultramicroscopic organism 真菌噬菌体 mycophage噬藻体 phycophage烈性噬菌体 virulent phage温和噬菌体 temperate phage前原噬菌体 preprophage原噬菌体 prophage隐性前噬菌体 cryptic prophage营养期噬菌体 vegetative phage载体噬菌体 carrier phageλ噬菌体 lambda particles phage [可]诱导噬菌体 inducible phage同源免疫噬菌体 homoimmune phage噬菌体分型 bacteriophage typing噬菌体型 phagetype噬菌体变型 phagevar噬斑 plaque[噬菌体]聚合头部 polyhead[噬菌体]聚合尾鞘 polysheath[噬菌体]伞毛 fimbrium[噬菌体]颈须 whisker[噬菌体]先导蛋白 pilot protein[噬菌体]尾丝抗原 fiber antigen[噬菌体]顶体 apex[噬菌体]基片插孔 base-plate hub[噬菌体]基片丝 base-plate fibril[噬菌体]基片楔突 base-plate wedge [噬菌体]串联体 concatemer[噬菌体]颈部 collar[噬菌体]顶部壳粒 apical capsomere [噬菌体]尾丝 tail fiber[噬菌体]畸形体 monster[噬菌体]颈圈 connector[噬菌体]髓部 core[噬菌体]头部 head[噬菌体]尾部 tail[噬菌体]尾管 tail tube[噬菌体]尾鞘 tail sheath类病毒 viroid病毒 virus真病毒 euvirus亚病毒 subvirus原病毒 provirus拟病毒 virusoid卫星病毒 satellite virus假型病毒 pseudotype virus慢病毒 slow virus辅助病毒 helper virus过客病毒 passenger virus多分体病毒 multicomponent virus昆虫痘病毒 entomopox virus, EPV颗粒体症病毒 granulosis virus, GV多角体病毒 polyhedrosis virus核型多角体病毒 nuclear polyhedrosis virus, NPV 质型多角体病毒 cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus,CPV多粒包埋型病毒 multiple embedded virus单粒包埋型病毒 singly embedded virus伴随病毒 associated virus浓核病毒 densovirus,DNV内源病毒 endogenous virus潜伏病毒 latent virus肠道病毒 enterovirus艾柯病毒 ECHO virus虫媒病毒 arbovirus腺病毒 adenovirus腺伴随病毒 adeno associated virus真菌病毒 mycovirus肿瘤病毒 oncovirus逆[转]录病毒 retro virus坏死病毒 necrosis virus虹彩病毒 irido virus泛嗜性病毒 pantropic virus毒株 strain原[生小]体 elementary body包含体 inclusion body顾氏小体 Guarnieri's bodies内氏小体 Negri's body病毒[粒]体 virion裸露病毒[粒]体 naked virion假病毒体 pseudovirion立体对称 cubical symmetry二十面体对称 icosahedral symmetry螺旋对称 helical symmetry[病毒]五邻体 pentomer,pentons[病毒]六邻体 hexonmer,hexons复合对称 complex symmetry包膜突起 peplomerbody包膜 envelope, peplos蛋白质包膜 protein envelope[病毒]包膜抗原 envelope antigen[病毒]壳体 capsid[病毒]壳粒 capsomer, capsomere二十面[体]壳体 icosahedron capsid核心 core核壳 nucleocapsid病毒原质体 viroplasma病毒束 virus bundle多角体 polyhedron多角体蛋白 polyhedrin颗粒体 granule颗粒体蛋白 granulin类核 nucleoid内含颗粒 inclusion granuleX体 X-body[病毒]早期蛋白 early protein[病毒]晚期蛋白 late protein负链 negative strand正链 positive strand复制子 replicon病毒发生基质 virogenic stroma衣原体 chlamydia[衣原体]始体 initial body立克次氏体 rickettsia假肽聚糖 pseudopeptidoglycan肽聚糖 peptidoglycan磷壁酸 teichoic acid胞壁酸 muramic acid2,6-吡啶二羧酸 dipicolinic acid, DPA脂多糖类 lipopolysaccharides多糖包被 glycocalyx鞭毛蛋白 flagellin菌毛蛋白 pilin杀白细胞素 leucocidin豆血红蛋白 leghaemoglobin藻胆蛋白 phycobiliprotein藻青蛋白 phycocyanin藻红蛋白 phycoerythrin藻青素 cyanophycin藻蓝素 algocyan, leucocyan藻胆素 phycobilin藻红[胆]素 phycoerythrobilin藻蓝胆素 phycocyanobilin藻青素颗粒 cyanophycin granule别藻蓝素 allophycocyanin类葫萝卜素 carotenoids细菌淀粉粒 granulose聚β羟基丁酸盐 poly-β-hydroxy butyrate葡萄球菌A蛋白 staphylococcal protein A, SPA 纯化蛋白衍生物 purified protein derivative, PPD [葡萄球菌]凝固酶 staphylocoagulaseβ[细胞]溶素β-lysinα淀粉酶α-amylase通透酶 permease胞内酶 intracellular enzyme胞外酶 extracellular enzyme果胶酶 pectinase逆[转]录酶 reverse transcriptase凝固酶 coagulase受体破坏酶 receptor destroying enzyme, RDE 透明质酸酶 hyaluronidase纤维素酶 cellulase链道酶 streptodornase,SD链激酶 streptokinase,SK神经氨酸酶 neuraminidase青霉素酶 penicillinase溶菌酶 lysozyme[细菌]紫膜质 bacteriorhodopsin菌紫素 bacteriopurpurin[细]菌[叶]绿素 bacteriochlorophyll自溶素 autolysin亲菌素 bacteriotropin攻击素 aggressin抑殖素 ablastin粘附素 adhesin菌红素 bacterioerythrin灵菌毒素 prodigiosus toxin细菌素 bacteriocin麻风菌素 lepromin葡萄球菌素 staphylococcin伞菌氨酸 agarfitine苏云金菌素 thuricin肠球菌素 enterococcin布氏菌素 brucellin大肠菌素 colicin, colicine丁香假单胞菌素 syringacin黄色粘球菌素 xanthacin链球菌素 streptocin流产菌素 abortin绿脓[菌]素 pyocyanin红假单胞菌素 rhodopseudomonacin绿脓菌荧光素 pyofluorescein白喉毒素 diphtheria toxin杯伞素 clitocybine白细胞溶素 leucolysin表皮溶解毒素 epidermolytic toxin产气荚膜梭菌素 perfringocin肠毒素 enterotoxin毒蝇碱 muscarine肺炎球菌毒素 pneumotoxin鬼笔[毒]环肽 phalloidin根霉蝶呤 rhizopterin肺炎[链]球菌溶血素 pneumolysin黑粉菌酸 ustilagic acid分枝菌酸 mycolic acid齿孔酸 eburicoic acid根霉促进素 rhizopin蘑菇素 agaricin蘑菇酸 agaricinic acid红斑毒素 erythrogenic toxin黄曲霉毒素 aflatoxin菌丝酰胺 mycelianamide绿脓杆菌溶血素 pyocyanolysin葡萄球菌溶血毒素 staphylolysin真菌毒素 mycotoxin曲霉毒素 aspertoxin赭曲毒素 ochratoxin曲酸 kojic acid破伤风[菌]痉挛毒素 tetanospasmin溶葡萄球菌素 lysostaphin破伤风[菌]溶血素 tetanolysin溶纤维蛋白溶酶 fibrinolysin溶血素 hemolysin鼠疫菌素 pesticin神经毒素 neurotoxin杀[细]菌素 bactericidin外毒素 exotoxin内毒素 endotoxin细菌毒素 bacteriotoxin血凝素 hemagglutinin杂色曲霉素A versicolorin A柄曲霉素 sterigmatocystin毒植物素 phytotoxin真菌醇 mykol链球菌溶血素 streptolysin剥脱性毒素 exfoliative toxin细菌荧光素 bacteriofluorescein[放线菌]土臭味素 geosmins土壤杆菌素 agrobacteriocin产甲烷[作用] methanogenesis生物转化 bioconversion生长因子 growth factor420 因子 factor 420V 因子 V factorX 因子 X factor微生物学 microbiology病毒学 virology噬菌体学 bacteriophagology细菌学 bacteriology鉴定细菌学 determinative bacteriology系统细菌学 systematic bacteriology真菌学 mycology原生生物学 protistology原生动物学 protozoology普通微生物学 general microbilogy微生物分类学 microbial taxonomy微生物生理学 microbial physiology微生物生物化学 microbial biochemistry微生物遗传学 microbial genetics微生物生态学 microbial ecology古微生物学 paleomicrobiology土壤微生物学 soil microbiology水生微生物学 aquatic microbiology海洋微生物学 marine microbiology悉生生物学 gnotobiology医学微生物学 medical microbiology兽医微生物学 veterinary microbiology农业微生物学 agricultural microbiology工业微生物学 industrial microbiology石油微生物学 petroleum microbiology食品微生物学 food microbiology乳品微生物学 diary microbiology瘤胃微生物学 rumen microbiology诊断微生物学 diagnostic microbiology病原学 etiology国际微生物学会联合会 International Union of Microbiological Societies, IUMS中国微生物学会 Chinese Society for Microbiology, CSM世界培养物保藏协会 World Federation for Culture Collection, WFCC中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms, CCCCM美国模式培养物保藏所 American Type Culture Collection, ATCC自然发生说，无生源说 spontaneous generation, abiogenesis原界 urkingdom始祖生物 progenote古始生物界 archetista古细菌 archaebacteria原生生物 protista原生动物 protozoan原生植物 protophyte真核生物 eukaryote原核生物 prokaryote裂殖植物 schizophyte微生物 microorganism数值分类法 numerical taxonomy模式目 type order模式科 type family模式属 type genus模式种 type species模式株 type strain真菌 fungi捕食真菌 predacious fungi虫道真菌 ambrosia fungi地下真菌 hypogeal fungi虫生真菌 entomogenous fungi菌根真菌 mycorrhizal fungi木腐菌 wood-decay fungi霉菌 mold, mould半知菌 imperfect fungi子囊菌 ascomycetes粘菌 slime mold, slime mould壶菌 chytrid卵菌 oomycetes接合菌 zygomycetes担子菌 basidiomycetes核菌 pyrenomycetes盘菌 cup fungi块菌 truffles锈菌 rust fungi蘑菇 mushrooms毒蘑菇 poisonous mushroom酵母菌 yeast无孢子酵母菌 asporogenous yeasts 有孢子酵母菌 sporogenous yeasts 黑粉菌 smut fungi双态性真菌 dimorphic fungi毛外癣菌 ectothrix毛内癣菌 endothrix完全真菌 perfect fungi黑粉病 smut disease锈病 rust disease菌丝 hypha菌髓 trama假菌丝体 pseudomycelium气生菌丝体 aerial mycelium基内菌丝体 substrate mycelium球拍状菌丝体 racquet mycelium结节状菌丝 nodular mycelium梳状菌丝 pectinafe mycelium螺旋菌丝 spiral mycelium匍匐菌丝 stolon次生菌丝体 secondary mycelium有隔菌丝 septate hypha无隔菌丝 nonseptate hypha生殖菌丝体 reproductive mycelium 营养菌丝体 vegetative mycelium不育菌丝体 sterile mycelium菌丝体 mycelium黄癣菌丝 favic chandelier mycelium产囊丝 ascogenous hypha产囊体 ascogonium原植体 thallus粘菌体 aethalium合胞体 syncytium虫菌体 hyphal body盾状体 clypeus子实体 fruiting body产孢体 gleba子实层体 hymenophore子实层 hymenium子实下层 subhymenium菌丝层 subiculum菌丝段 hyphal fragment菌丝束 coremium菌丝索 funiculus菌核 sclerotium器菌核 pycnosclerotium菌环 annulus菌裙 indusium菌盖 pileus顶体 apicle藏卵器 oogonium雄器 antheridium[锈菌]性孢子器 pycnium 锈子器 aecium精子器 spermogonium囊状体 cystidium粉孢子梗 oidiophore小梗 sterigma接合孢子柄 zygosporophore孢囊柄 sporangiophore配囊柄 suspensor孢子梗 sporophore分生孢子梗 conidiophore雄器柄 androphore帚状枝 penicillus瓶梗 phialide梗基 metulae芽孔 germ pore芽管 germ tube芽缝 germ slit孢丝 capillitium周丝 periphysis类周丝 periphysoid侧丝 paraphysis拟侧丝 pseudoparaphysis类侧丝 paraphysoid[孢子]外壁 exosporium外生菌根 ectomycorrhiza内生菌根 endomycorrhiza内外生菌根 ectendomycorrhiza泡囊丛枝菌根 vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza 刺突 spike弹丝 elater刚毛 seta微体 microbody泡囊 vesicle隔膜 septum假隔膜 pseudoseptum分生孢子盘 acervulus分生孢子座 sporodochium精子团 spermatium囊基膜 hypothallus囊层基 hypothecium囊层被 epithecium囊间丝 hamathecium囊托 apophysis囊领 collarette囊轴 columella孔口 ostiole菌托 volva孢子角 cirrus孢子球 spore ball孢子印 spore print聚簇 cluster[菌丝]融合 anastomosis[孢子]切落 abjunction[孢子]缢断 abstriction多态[现象] polymorphism缢缩[作用] constriction粉孢子 oidium孢子 spore掷孢子 ballistospore厚壁孢子 chlamydospore环痕孢子 annellospore节孢子 arthrospore卷旋孢子 helicospore腊肠形孢子 allantospore。
微生物学英文单词材料
Microorganism/Microbe微生物微生物学MicrobiologyPasteur 巴斯德细菌Bacteria古生菌（Archaea)细菌(Bacteria)真核生物(Eukaryotes)真核微生物Eukaryotic microorganisms 病毒（Virus）球菌coccus杆菌bacillus螺旋菌spirilla革兰氏阳性细菌 Gram positive bacteria) 革兰氏阴性细菌 Gram negative bacteria) Actinomycetes(放线菌)Yeast(酵母菌)Molds(霉菌)Culture dish/Petri dish(平皿)Shake Flask （三角瓶）Fermentor（发酵罐）菌落 colony平板plateInoculation （接种）Luise Pasteur（巴斯德）Robert Koch（柯赫）Cell wall(细胞壁)Cytoplasmic membrane细胞质膜Cytoplasm（细胞质）蓝细菌CyanobacteriaNuclear region(核区）Inclusion body(内含物)Glycocalyx(糖被）Flagella (鞭毛)Spore (芽孢)Pili(性毛)Fimbria(菌毛)Gram stain （革兰氏染色）脂多糖 (LPS)球状体（sphaeroplast）原生质体（protoplast）支原体（mycoplasma）Cytoplasmic membrane Cytoplasm贮藏物（Reserve materials）核糖体（Ribosome）质粒（plasmid）芽孢（Spore）鞭毛（Flagella）Fungi（真菌）菌丝体mycelium类病毒（Viroid）朊病毒(prion)噬菌体p h a g e病毒v i r u sNutrition(营养)Nutrient(营养物)Source of carbon （碳源）Source of Nitrogen （氮源）Inorganic salt（无机盐）Growth factor（生长因子）Water（水分）Energy source（能源）Source of carbon （碳源）Source of Nitrogen （氮源)Inorganic salt（无机盐）Growth factor（生长因子)Energy source（能源）Culture medium培养基呼吸respiration无氧呼吸anaerobic respiration发酵fermentation连续培养 continuous culture分批培养batch culture生长曲线growth curve纯培养(Pure culture)灭菌（sterilization）消毒（disinfection）抗生素antibiotics转化transformation转导transduction接合conjugation,mating诱变剂mutagen基因突变 gene mutation营养缺陷型auxotroph原养型prototroph野生型wild type菌种 culture或stock culture菌种保藏 preservation 或conservation或者maintenance疫苗vaccine防腐（antisepsis）化疗(chemotherapy) 艾姆斯试验法Ames test基因工程 Gene Engineering试熟记以下最基本的微生物学名：（1）细菌Bacillus subtilis[枯草芽孢杆菌Bacillus thuringiensis（苏云金芽孢杆菌）E.coli [大肠（埃希氏）杆菌]，Rhizobium（根瘤菌）Staphalococcus aureus（金黄色葡萄球菌）（2）放线菌Actinomyces 放线菌Streptomyces griseus（灰色链霉菌）。
微生物专业词汇
AA. caviae 豚鼠气单胞菌A. hydrophila 嗜水气单胞菌A. israelii 衣氏放线菌A. naeslundii 内氏放线菌A. odontolyticus 龋齿放线菌A. trota 易损气单胞菌A. uiscous 黏液放线菌A. veronii biovar sobrid 维隆气单胞菌温和生物型abortive infection 顿挫感染acid-fast bacilli 抗酸杆菌acid-fast stain 抗酸染色acquired immunity 获得性免疫acquired immunodeficiency syndrome 获得性免疫缺陷综合症actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans，Aa 放线共生放线杆菌Actinomyces 放线菌属acute infection 急性感染acute phase protein 急性期蛋白acute viral infection 急性病毒感染acyclovir 无环鸟苷（阿昔洛韦）adenoassociated virus 腺病毒相关病毒adenovirus 腺病毒adhesin 粘附素adsorption 吸附adult T-cell leukemia 成人T细胞白血病Aeromonas 气单胞菌属afimbrial adhesin 非菌毛粘附物质aflatoxin 黄曲霉素Africa hemorrhagic fever 非洲出血热agglutination test 凝集试验aminoglycoside 氨基甙类amphitrichate 双毛菌amyloid plaque 淀粉样斑antennal fiber 触须样纤维antibacterial agent 抗菌药物antibiotics 抗生素antifungal drug 抗真菌药物antimicrobial chemotherapy 抗微生物化学治疗antimicrobial susceptibility test 药敏试验antisepsis 防腐antistreptolysin O 抗溶血素Oantitoxin 抗毒素antiviral drug 抗病毒药物aplastic crisis 再生障碍危象apparent viral infection 病毒显性感染arbovirus 虫媒病毒arthropod borne virus 节肢动物媒介病毒arthrospore 关节孢子artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫artificial immunization 人工免疫artificial passive immunization 人工被动免疫asepsis 无菌aseptic meningitis 无菌性脑膜炎asexual reproduction 无性繁殖aspergillus 曲霉属aspergillus flavus 黄曲霉aspergillus fumigatus 烟曲霉assembly 装配astrovirus 星状病毒attenuated live vaccine 减毒活疫苗atypical mycobacteria 非典型分枝杆菌autoclaving 高压蒸汽灭菌autolysin 自溶酶autotrophy 自养菌azidothymidine 叠氮胸苷BB. abortus 牛布鲁菌B. anthracis 炭疽芽胞杆菌B. brevis 短芽胞杆菌B. burgdorferi 伯氏疏螺旋体B. canis 犬布鲁菌B. cereus 蜡样芽胞杆菌B. duttonii 杜通螺旋体B. fragilis 脆弱拟杆菌B. hermsii 赫姆斯螺旋体B. melitensis 羊布鲁菌B. neotomae 鼠布鲁菌B. ovis 绵羊布鲁菌B. pertussis 百日咳鲍特菌B. polymyxa 多粘芽胞杆菌B. recurrentis 回归热螺旋体B. stearothermophilus 嗜热芽胞杆菌B. subtilis 枯草芽胞杆菌B. suis 猪布鲁菌B. vincent 奋森螺旋体Bacilli Calmette-Guèrin 卡介菌Bacillus 芽胞杆菌属bacitracin 杆菌肽bacteremia 菌血症bactericidal drug 杀菌剂bacteriocin typing 细菌素分型bacteriophage 噬菌体bacteriophage typing 噬菌体分型bacteriostasis 抑菌bacteriostat 抑菌剂Bartonella 巴通体属basic medium 基础培养基Bifidobacterium 双歧杆菌属binary fission 二分裂biological product 生物制品biosynthesis 生物合成biotyping 生物分型biovar lymphogranuloma venereum 性病淋巴肉芽肿亚种biovar mouse 鼠亚种biovar trachoma 沙眼生物变种blastomyces dermatitidis 皮炎芽生菌blastospore 芽生孢子Bordelella 鲍特菌属Borrelia 疏螺旋体属botulin 肉毒毒素botulism 肉毒中毒bovine spongiform encephalopathy 牛海绵状脑病Brucella 布鲁菌属Brucellin 布鲁菌素Bunyaviridae 布尼雅病毒科Burkitt‘s lymphoma伯基特淋巴瘤CC. botulinum 肉毒梭菌C. burnetii 贝纳柯克斯体C. cali 结肠弯曲菌C. dephtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌C. difficile 艰难梭菌C. fetus 胎儿弯曲菌C. jejuni 空肠弯曲菌C. perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌C. pneumonia 肺炎衣原体C. psittaci 鹦鹉热衣原体C. tetani 破伤风梭菌C. trachomatis 沙眼衣原体Caliciviridae 杯状病毒科Campylobacter 弯曲菌属candida 假丝酵母菌，念珠菌Candida albicans 白假丝酵母菌capsid 衣壳capsomere 壳粒capsular polysaccharides antigen 荚膜多糖抗原capsule 荚膜capsule swelling test 荚膜肿胀试验carrie state 带菌状态cell culture 细胞培养cellular immunity 细胞免疫cellular isoform of prp 正常细胞朊粒蛋白cephalosporin 头孢霉素Chlamydia 衣原体chloramphenicol acetyltransferase 氯霉素乙酰转移酶chromomycosis 着色真菌chronic infection 慢性感染chronic viral infection 慢性病毒感染citrate utilization test 枸橼酸盐利用试验Cladosporium carrianii 卡氏枝孢霉clamydospore 厚膜孢子classical biotype 古典生物型clone 克隆Clostridium 梭菌属coagulase 凝固酶coagulase negative staphylococci 凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌colicin 大肠菌素colonization 定植colonization factor 定居因子colonization factor antigen type I 定植因子抗原Icolony 菌落community infection 社区感染complementation 互补作用conditional fungi 条件致病真菌conditional infection 条件致病菌conditional-lethal mutant 温度敏感性突变株condylemata acuminata 尖锐湿疣congenital infection 先天感染conidium 分生孢子conjugation 接合cord factor 索状因子core polysaccharide 核心多糖Corynebacterium 棒状杆菌属Coxiella 柯克斯属coxsackievirus 柯萨奇病毒Creuzfeldt-Jacob disease 克雅病Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic hever virus 克里米亚-刚果出血热病毒crossing reactivation 交叉复活cross-resistanc 叉交耐药Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌culture medium 培养基cytocidal effect 杀细胞效应cytolytic infection 溶细胞感染cytomegalic inclusion disease 巨细胞包涵体病cytomegalovirus 巨细胞病毒cytopathic effect 细胞病变效应cytopathy 细胞病变cytotoxicity factor 细胞毒性因子cytotoxin-associated gene a 原内毒素相关蛋白cytotoxins 细胞毒素DDane‘s particle Dane颗粒darkfield examination 暗视野检查decline phase 衰亡期defective interfering particle 缺陷干扰质粒defective parvovirus 缺陷性细小病毒defective virus 缺陷病毒dengue fever 登革热dengue hemorrhagic fever 登革出血热dengue shock syndrome 登革休克综合征dengue virus 登革病毒Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌Dick test Dick试验diffuse polyclonal lymphoma 弥漫性多克隆淋巴瘤diffusely adherent E. coli 弥散粘附型大肠埃希菌dimorphic 二相性，双相性diphtheria 白喉diphtheria toxin 白喉毒素diphtheroid bacilli 类白喉杆菌disinfectant 消毒剂disinfection 消毒drug resistance 耐药性drug-resistant mutant 耐药突变株dysbacteriosis 菌群失调dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌EE. coli 大肠埃希菌early antigen 早期抗原EB nuclear antigen EB病毒核抗原ebacterium 真细菌Ebola virus 埃博拉病毒ECHO virus 埃可病毒Ehrlichia 埃立克体属ekaryote 真核细胞型微生物El Tor biotype El Tor生物型electronmicroscope 电子显微镜elementary body 原体endogenous infection 内源性感染endogenous pyrogens 内源性致热源endotoxemia 内毒素血症endotoxin 内毒素endotoxin-like substance 内毒素样物质enrichment medium 增菌培养基enteric adenovirus 肠道腺病毒enteric cytopathogenic human orphan virus 肠道致细胞病变人孤儿病毒enteroaggregative E. coli 肠集聚型大肠埃希菌enterohemorrhagic E. coli 肠出血型大肠埃希菌enteroinvasive E. coli 肠侵袭型大肠埃希菌enteropathogenic E. coli 肠致病型大肠埃希菌enterotoxigenic E. coli 肠产毒素型大肠埃希菌enterotoxin 肠毒素enterovirus 肠道病毒envelope 包膜epidemic hemorrhagic fever 流行性出血热epidemic type B encephalitis virus 流行性乙型脑炎病毒Epidermohyton 表皮癣菌属epidermolytic toxin 表皮溶解毒素episome 附加体Epstein-Barr virus EB病毒erythrogenic toxin 红疹毒素Escherichia 埃希菌属Exogenous infection 外源性感染exotoxin 外毒素exotoxin 外毒素exponential phase 对数期extracellular bacteria 胞外菌FF. necrophorum 坏死梭杆菌F. nucleatum 核梭杆菌facultative anaerobe 兼性厌氧菌fibrinolysin 溶纤维蛋白酶Filoviridae 丝状病毒科filovirus 丝状病毒属fimbriae 菌毛fixed strain 固定毒株flagellum 鞭毛flamentous colony 丝状菌落flamentous fungus 丝状菌Flaviviridae 黄病毒科flavivirus 黄病毒属Fonseceea pedrosoi 裴氏着色真菌fractional sterilization 间歇灭菌法frest excephalitis virus 森林脑炎病毒fungus 真菌Fusobacterum 梭杆菌属Ggas gangrene 气性坏疽gene deleted live vaccine 基因缺失活疫苗gene engineered vaccine 基因工程疫苗gene engineered vectored vaccine 基因工程载体疫苗gene reassortment 基因重配gene recombination 基因重组generalized infection 全身感染generalized transduction 普遍性转导genetic group 基因群genetic recombinant vaccine 遗传重组疫苗genotype 基因型ghost 菌影gonococcus 淋球菌Gram stain 革兰染色growth curve 生长曲线HH. aegyptius 埃及嗜血杆菌H. aphrophilus 嗜沫嗜血杆菌H. ducreyi 杜克嗜血杆菌H. haemolyticus 溶血性嗜血杆菌H. influenza 流感嗜血杆菌H. parahaemolyticus 副溶血性嗜血杆菌H. parainfluenzae 副流感嗜血杆菌H. paraphrophilus 副嗜沫嗜血杆菌H. pylori 幽门螺杆菌Haemophilus 嗜血杆菌属halophilic 嗜盐菌Hantaan virus 汉滩病毒hantavirus 汉坦病毒属hantavirus pulmonary syndrome 汉坦病毒肺综合症heat labile enterotoxin 不耐热肠毒素heat stable enterotoxin 耐热肠毒素Helicobacter 螺杆菌属helper virus 辅助病毒hemadsorption 红细胞吸附hemagglutination 红细胞凝集hemagglutinin 血凝素hemolysin 溶血素hemorrhagic fever virus 出血热病毒hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome 肾综合征出血热hepacivirus 丙型肝炎病毒属Hepadnaviridae 嗜肝DNA病毒科hepatitis E 戊型肝炎hepatitis E virus 戊型肝炎病毒hepatitis G virus 庚型肝炎病毒hepatitis virus 肝炎病毒hepatitis-related virus 肝炎相关病毒hepatovirus 肝病毒属herd immunity 群体免疫herpes B virus 疱疹B病毒herpes simplex virus 单纯疱疹病毒Herpesviridae 疱疹病毒科heterotroph 异养菌hexon 六邻体high density particle agglutination 高密度颗粒凝集试验Histoplasma capsulatum 荚膜组织胞浆菌horizontal transmission 水平传播hospital infection 医院感染hospital-acquired infection 医院获得性感染host-range mutant 宿主范围突变株HTLV-1 associated myelopathy HTLV-1型相关脊髓病human herpes virus 人类疱疹病毒human herpes virus 6 人类疱疹病毒6型human immunodeficiency virus 人类免疫缺陷病毒human papillomavirus 人类乳头瘤病毒human T-cell lymphotropic virus 人类嗜T细胞病毒humoral immunity 体液免疫hyalomma asiaticum 亚洲璃眼蜱hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶hydrophobia 恐水症hypha 菌丝Iidoxuridine 碘苷，疱疹净IMViC test IMViC试验in situ hybrization 原位杂交inactivated vaccine 灭活疫苗inapparent infection 隐性感染inclusion body 包涵体infectious disease 传染病infectious mononucleosis-like syndrome 传染性单核增多症样综合症initial body 始体innate immunity 天然免疫insertion sequence 插入序列integration 整合interferon 干扰素intracellular bacteria 胞内菌invasin 侵袭素invasive enzyme 侵袭性酶invasiveness 侵袭力isolate 分离物JJapanes B encephalitis virus 日本乙型脑炎病毒KK. pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌Kanagawa phenomenon 神奈川现象Kaposi‘s sarcoma-associated herpesvirus Kaposi肉瘤相关疱疹病毒Klebsiella 克雷伯菌属Korean hemorrhagic fever 朝鲜出血热LL. acidophilus 嗜酸乳杆菌L. delbrueckii 德氏乳杆菌L. pneumophila 嗜肺军团菌L?effler medium 吕氏培养基Lactobacillus 乳杆菌属lag phase 迟缓期late antigen 晚期抗原latent infection 潜伏感染latent membrane protein 潜伏感染膜蛋白latent phase antigen 潜伏期抗原latent viral infection 潜伏性病毒感染lecithinase 卵磷脂酶Legionella 军团菌属Leptospira 钩端螺体属lethal factor 致死因子leukocidin 杀白细胞素limulus test 鲎试验lipid A 脂质ALipopolysaccharide (LPS) 脂多糖lipoteichoic acid 脂磷壁酸liver specific protein 肝特异性脂蛋白抗原local infection 局部感染lophotrichate 从毛菌LPS-binding protein 脂多糖结合蛋白lymphogranuloma venereum 性病淋巴肉芽肿lysogenic bacterium 溶原性细菌lysogenic conversion 溶原性转换lysozyme 溶菌酶lyssavirus 狂犬病病毒属MM protein M蛋白M. hominis 人型支原体M. Pneumonia 肺炎支原体macroconidium 大分生孢子macrolide 大环内脂类macrophage inflammatory protein 巨噬细胞炎性蛋白mad cow disease 疯牛病mannan-binding lectin 甘露糖结合凝集素Marburg fever 马堡热Marburg virus 马堡病毒maximum stationary phase 最大稳定期media infective dose 半数感染量median lethal dose 半数致死量medical microbiology 医学微生物学membrane attack complex 膜攻击复合物membrane flora 膜菌群membranous cell M细胞meningococcus 脑膜炎球菌mesome 中介体metachromatic granules 异染颗粒methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus 耐甲氧苯青霉素金黄色葡萄球菌methyl red test 甲基红试验microaeroohilic bacterium 微需氧菌microbiology 微生物学microconidium 小分生孢子microecology 微生态学microfold cell M细胞microsporum 小孢子癣菌属microsporum ferrugineum 铁锈色小孢子癣菌mold 霉菌monotrichate 单毛菌mucoid colony 粘液型菌落mucopeptide 粘肽Mucor 毛霉菌multiple drug resistance 多重耐药multiplicity reactivation 多重复活murine toxin 鼠毒素mutation 突变mycetoma 分枝菌病Mycobacterium 分枝杆菌Mycobacterium leprae 麻风分枝杆菌Mycobacterium tuberculosis 结核分枝杆菌mycolic acid 分枝菌酸Mycoplasma 支原体Mycoplasma pneumonia 支原体肺炎mycoses 真菌病mycotoxicosis 真菌中毒mycotoxin 真菌毒素mycotoxiology 真菌毒素学myeloperoxidase 髓过氧化物酶NN. asteroides 星形诺卡菌N. brasiliensis 巴西诺卡菌N. gonorrhoeae 淋病奈瑟菌N. meningitidis 脑膜炎奈瑟菌N-acetyl glucosamine N-乙酰葡糖胺N-acytlmuramic acid N-乙酰胞壁酸nairovirus 内罗病毒属narrow spectrum 窄谱nasopharyngeal carcinoma 鼻咽癌Negri body 内基小体Neisser stain 奈瑟染色Neisseria 奈瑟菌属nephropathogenic E. coli 肾盂肾炎致病性大肠埃希菌neurominidase 神经氨酸酶neurotoxins 神经毒素neutralization test 中和作用neutralizing antibody 中和抗体new enterovirus 新肠道病毒Nocardia 诺卡菌属nonadaptive immunity 非适应性免疫non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor 非核苷逆转录酶抑制剂nonpathogenic bacterium 非病原菌nonpathogenic microorganism 非病原微生物nonspecific immunity 非特异性免疫nontuberculosis mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌normal flora 正常菌群normal microbiota 正常微生物群Norwalk virus 诺瓦克病毒nosocomial infection 医院感染nuclear material 核质nucleoid 拟核nucleoside analogue 核苷类似物nucleotide analogue 核苷酸类似物nucleotide hybridization 核酸杂交Oobligate aerobe 专性需氧菌old tuberculin 旧结核菌素opportunistic fungi 机会性致病真菌oppotunistic infection 机会性感染optochin test 奥普托欣试验Orientia 东方体属original endotoxin protein 原内毒素蛋白outer membrane 外膜outer membrane protein 外膜蛋白PP. aeruginosa 铜绿假单胞菌P. bivia 两路普雷沃菌P. malleri 鼻疽假单胞菌P. melaninogenica 产黑色素普雷沃菌P. mirablis 奇异变形杆菌P. pseudomallei 类鼻疽假单胞菌P. vulgaris 普通变形糖菌Papillomavirus 乳头瘤病毒属Paracoccidiodes brasiliensis 巴西副球孢子菌paralytic poliomyelitis 麻痹型脊髓灰质炎parasite 寄生菌parenteral infection 非胃肠道感染parvovirus 细小病毒pasteurization 巴氏消毒法pathogen 病原体pathogenic fungi 致病性真菌pathogenic microorganism 病原微生物pathogenicity 致病性penetration 穿入penicillin 青霉素penicillin-binding protein 青霉素结合蛋白penton 五邻体peplomere 包膜子粒peptidoglycan 肽聚糖Peptococcus 消化球菌属Peptostreptococcus 消化链球菌属peritrichate 周毛菌persistent viral infection 持续性病毒感染pestivirus 瘟病毒属phenotypic mixing 表型混合Picornaviridae 小核糖核酸病毒科pili 菌毛plaque formation 空斑形成plasmid 质粒Pneumocysit carinii 卡氏肺孢菌pneumolysin 肺炎链球菌溶血素poliomyelitis 脊髓灰质炎poliovirus 脊髓灰质炎病毒polymerase chain reaction 聚合酶链反应Polyomavirus 多瘤病毒（属）Poxviridae 痘病毒科presenile dementia 早老性痴呆病prion 朊粒prion protein 朊粒蛋白programmed immunization 计划免疫prokaryote 原核细胞型微生物prophage 前噬菌体prophylactic immunization 预防接种Propionibacterium 丙酸杆菌属protective antigen 保护性抗原proteinaceus infection particle 蛋白性感染颗粒（朊粒）proteinase resistant protein 蛋白酶抗性蛋白Proteus 变形杆菌属protoplast 原生质体protoplast fusion 原生质体融合provirus 前病毒pseudohypha 假菌丝pseudomembrane 假膜pseudomembranous colitis 假膜性结肠炎Pseudomonas 假单胞菌属pseudovirion 伪病毒pthogenic bacterium 病原菌pure culture 纯培养purified protein derivative 纯蛋白衍生物pyemia 脓毒血症pyocyanin 绿脓色素pyogenicity 致热反应pyorubin 脓红色素pyovendin 脓青素pyrogen 热原质pyrogenic exotoxins 致热外毒素RR. prowazekii 普氏立克次体R. tsutsugamushi 恙虫病立克次体R. typhi 斑疹伤寒立克次体rabies virus 狂犬病病毒Reoviridae 呼肠病毒科replication cycle 复制周期resistance determinant 耐药决定子resistance plasmid 耐药质粒，R质粒resistance transfer factor 耐药性传递质粒respiratory burst 呼吸爆发restricted transduction 局限性转导retardation phase 减速期retrovirus 逆转录病毒reverse transcriptase 逆转录酶Rhabdoviridae 弹状病毒科ribonucleoprotein 核糖核蛋白Rickettsia 立克次体rotavirus 轮状病毒rough colony 粗糙型菌落Russian spring-summer encephalitis virus 俄罗斯春夏脑炎病毒SS. bongori 邦戈沙门菌S. boydii 鲍氏志贺菌S. cholerae-suis 猪霍乱沙门菌S. dysenteriae 痢疾志贺菌S. enterica 肠道沙门菌S. enteritidis 肠炎沙门菌S. flexneri 福氏志贺菌S. hirschfeldii 希氏沙门菌S. paratyphi A 甲型副伤寒沙门菌S. schottmuelleri 肖氏沙门菌S. sonnei 宋内志贺菌S. typhi 伤寒沙门菌Sabouraud medium 沙保培养基Salmonella 沙门菌属Salmonella typhi 伤寒沙门菌saprophyte 腐生菌saquinavir 赛科纳瓦satellite phenomenon 卫星现象scarlet fever toxin 猩红热毒素Schick test 锡克试验scrapie 羊瘙痒病scrapie isoform of PrP 羊瘙痒病因子朊粒蛋白scrapie-associated fibrils 羊瘙痒病相关纤维selective medium 选择培养基Seoul virus 汉城病毒septate hypha 有隔菌丝septicemia 败血症septum 隔膜serological diagnosis 血清学诊断serotyping 血清学分型sexual reproduction 有性繁殖sexually transmitted disease 性传播疾病shiga toxin 志贺毒素shiga-like toxin 志贺样毒素Shigella 志贺菌属Sin Nombre virus 辛诺柏病毒slow viral infection 慢发病毒感染small round structured virus 小圆形结构病毒smallpox 天花smooth colony 光滑型菌落species 种specific immunity 特异免疫specific polysaccharide 特异多糖spike 刺突sporadic 散发sporangiospore 孢子囊孢子spore 孢子spore，endospore 芽胞sporotrichum 孢子丝菌Sporotrichum schenckii 申克孢子丝菌spreading factor 扩散因子standard strain 标准株Staph. aureus 金黄色葡萄球菌Staph. epidermidis 表皮葡萄球菌Staph. saprophyticus 腐生葡萄球菌staphylococcal protein A 葡萄球菌A蛋白Staphylococcus 葡萄球菌staphylolysin 葡萄球菌溶血素steady state infection 稳定状态感染sterilization 灭菌stormy fermentation 汹涌发酵strain 菌株、毒株street strain 街毒株Streptococcus 链球菌streptococcus non-hemolyticus 非溶血性链球菌Streptococcus pneumoniae 肺炎链球菌streptodornase 链道酶streptokinase 链激酶streptolysin O 链球菌溶血素Ostreptolysin S 链球菌溶血素Sstreptomycin dependent strain 链霉素依赖株subclinical infection 亚临床感染Subsp. enterica 肠道亚种subspecies 亚种subunit vaccine 亚单位疫苗superficial infection 表面感染superinfection 超感染，二重感染swarming growth phenomenon 迁徙生长现象TT. pallidum 苍白螺旋体tegument 内膜teichoic acid 磷壁酸temperate phage 温和噬菌体tetani 破伤风tetanospasmin 破伤风痉挛毒素tetanus antitoxin 破伤风抗毒素thallospore 叶状孢子thermostable direct hemolysin 耐热直接溶血素thermostable related hemolysin 耐热相关溶血素tick-borne encephalitis virus 蜱传脑炎病毒tinea 癣tissue culture 组织培养tissue culture infected dose of 50% 50%组织细胞感染量Togaviridae 披膜病毒科toxemia 毒血症toxic shock syndrome toxin I 毒性休克综合征毒素Itoxin 毒素toxoid 类毒素transduction 转导transformation 转化transmissible dementia 传染性痴呆病transmissible spongiform encephalopathy 传染性海绵状脑病transposon 转座子Treponema 密螺旋体属Trichophyton 毛癣菌属Trichophyton rubrum 红色毛癣菌Trichophyton schoenleinii 许兰毛癣菌Trichophyton tonsurans 断发毛癣菌Trichophyton violaceum 紫色毛癣菌Trichosporon beigelii 白吉利毛孢子菌TT virus TT病毒Tubercle bacilli 结核杆菌type 型type strain 模式菌株Uuncoating 脱壳Ureaplasma urealyticum 解脲脲原体uropathogenic E. coli 尿路致病性大肠埃希菌VV. cholerae 霍乱弧菌V. parahemolyticus 副溶血性弧菌V. parvula 小韦荣球菌vaccine 疫苗vacuolating cytotoxin 空泡毒素varicella 水痘varicella-zoster virus 水痘－带状疱疹病毒variety 变种variola virus 天花病毒Veillonella 韦荣球菌属vero toxin Vero毒素vertical infection 垂直感染vertical transmission 垂直传播Vibrio 弧菌属viral carrier 病毒携带者viral core 病毒核心viral disease 病毒性疾病viral hemorrhagic fever 病毒性出血热viral infection 病毒感染viral interference 病毒干扰作用viral protease 病毒蛋白酶viremia 病毒血症virion 病毒体virulence 毒力virulent phage 毒性噬菌体virus 病毒Voge-Proskauer test VP试验WWeil-Felix test 外－斐试验Widal test 肥达试验wild strain 野毒株XXinjiang hemorrhagic fever virus 新疆出血热病毒YY. enterocolitica 小肠结肠炎耶尔森菌Y. pestis 鼠疫耶尔森菌Y. pseudotuberculosia 假结核耶尔森菌yeast 酵母菌yeast type colony 酵母型菌落yeast-like type colony 类酵母型菌落Yersinia 耶尔森菌属Yersinia outer membrane protein 鼠疫杆菌外膜蛋白Zzoonosis 动物源性疾病αα-hemolytic streptococcus 甲型溶血性链球菌ββ-hemolysis β-溶血β-hemolytic streptococcus 草绿色溶血性链球菌β-hemolytic streptococcus 乙型溶血性链球菌β-lactam β-内酰胺类β-lactamase β-内酰胺酶γγ-streptococcus 丙型溶血性链球菌active immunity（主动免疫）：Immunity acquired through direct stimulation of the immune system by antigen.active transport（主动运输）：Transport of molecules against a concentration gradient （from regions of low concentration to regions of high concentration）with the aid of proteins in the cell membrane and energy from ATP.Alcohol fermentation（乙醇发酵）：is the formation of alcohol from sugar. Yeast，when under anaerobic conditions，convert glucose to pyruvic acid via the glycolysis pathways，then go one step farther，converting pyruvic acid into ethanol，a C-2 compound.aerobe（好氧微生物）：A microorganism that lives and grows in the presence of free gaseous oxygen （O2）。
微生物专业词汇
微生物专业词汇裂殖植物 schizophyte微生物 microorganism数值分类法 numerical taxonomy 模式目 type order模式科 type family模式属 type genus模式种 type species模式株 type strain真菌 fungi捕食真菌 predacious fungi虫道真菌 ambrosia fungi地下真菌 hypogeal fungi虫生真菌 entomogenous fungi 菌根真菌 mycorrhizal fungi木腐菌 wood-decay fungi霉菌 mold, mould半知菌 imperfect fungi子囊菌 ascomycetes粘菌 slime mold, slime mould 壶菌 chytrid卵菌 oomycetes接合菌 zygomycetes担子菌 basidiomycetes核菌 pyrenomycetes盘菌 cup fungi块菌 truffles 锈菌 rust fungi蘑菇 mushrooms毒蘑菇 poisonous mushroom酵母菌 yeast无孢子酵母菌 asporogenous yeasts有孢子酵母菌 sporogenous yeasts黑粉菌 smut fungi双态性真菌 dimorphic fungi毛外癣菌 ectothrix毛内癣菌 endothrix完全真菌 perfect fungi黑粉病 smut disease锈病 rust disease微生物专业词汇_抗生素抗生素 antibiotic阿克拉霉素 aclacinomycin放线酮 actidione, cycloheximide放线菌素 actinomycin阿霉素 adriamycin氨丁苷菌素 ambutyrosin7-氨基头孢菌酸 7-aminocephalosporinic acid 6-氨基青霉烷酸 6-aminopenicillanic acid两性霉素 amphotericin安丝菌素 ansamitocin抗蠕霉素 anthelmycin抗霉素 antimycin阿泊拉霉素 apramycin除疟霉素 aplasmomycin曲霉菌素 aspergillin除虫菌素 avermectin杆菌肽 bacitracin双环霉素 bicyclomycin杀稻瘟素 blasticidin博来霉素 bleomycin丁苷菌素 butirosin, butyrosin杀假丝菌素 candicidin卷曲霉素 capreomycin, capromycin腐霉素 carriomycin洋红霉素 carminomycin天青菌素 celesticetin头孢菌素 cephalosporin氯霉素 chloromycetin, chloramphenicol 金霉素 chloroteracycline, aureomycin 色霉素 chromomycin创新霉素 chuangxinmycin棒酸 clavulanic acid 氯林肯霉素 clindamycin粘菌素 colistin鬼伞菌素 coprinin蛹虫草菌素 cordycepin香菇菌素 cortinellin环孢菌素 cyclosporin环丝氨酸 cycloserine松胞菌素 cytochalasin胞霉素 cytomycin道诺霉素 daunomycin越霉素 destomycin偏端霉素 distamycin红霉素 erythromycin抑酯酶素 esterastin扁枝衣霉素 everninomicin间型霉素 formycin健霉素 fortimicin磷霉素 fosfomycin, phosphonomycin 镰孢菌酸 fusarinic acid艮他霉素 gentamicin胶霉毒素 gliotoxin谷氏菌素 gougerotin短杆菌肽 gramicidin灰霉素 grisein灰黄霉素 griseofulvin除莠菌素 herbicidin除莠霉素 herbimycin全霉素 holomycin潮霉素 hygromycin岛霉素 ilamycin天神霉素 istamycin双氢除虫菌素 ivermectin交沙霉素 josamycin卡那霉素 kanamycin春日霉素 kasugamycin柱晶白霉素 leucomycin林可霉素 lincomycin美登素 maytenin酒霉素 methymycin光神霉素 mithramycin丝裂霉素 mitomycin莫能菌素 monensin菌霉素 mycomycin霉酚酸 mycophenolic acid麦迪霉素 mydecamycin, midecamycin 暗霉素 nebramycin新霉素 neomycin纺锤菌素 netropsin 诺卡菌素 nocardin新生霉素 novobiocin制霉菌素 nystatin竹桃霉素 oleandomycin蛇孢菌素 ophiobollin展青霉素 patulin青霉酸 penicillic acid青霉素 penicillin多氧菌素 polyoxin多粘菌素 polymyxin灵菌红素 prodigiosin制反转录酶素 revistin核糖霉素 ribostamycin, vistamycin利福霉素 rifamycin龟裂杀菌素 rimocidin瑞斯托菌素 ristocetin蔷薇霉素 rosamicin红比霉素 rubidomycin相模霉素 sagamicin盐霉素 salinomycin肉瘤霉素 sarkomycin制唾酸酶素 siastatin紫苏霉素 sisomicin壮观霉素 spectinomycin, actinospectacin 螺旋霉素 spiramycin链霉素 streptomycin链黑菌素 streptonigrin链丝菌素 streptothricin枯草菌素 subtilin杀鱼菌素 teleocidin土霉素 terramycin, oxytetracycline四环素 tetracycline噻烯霉素 thienamycin硫藤黄素 thiolutin妥布拉霉素 tobramycin木霉菌素 trichodermin抗滴虫霉素 trichomycin衣霉素 tunicamycin泰乐菌素 tylosin焦曲菌素 ustin有效霉素 validamycin缬氨霉素 valinomycin, aminomycin万古霉素 vancomycin疣孢菌素 verrucarine优胜霉素 victomycin紫霉素 viomycin巴龙霉素 paromomycin微生物学专业词汇_营养、代谢与生长光能无机营养 photolithotrophy光能有机营养 photoorganotrophy 化能无机营养 chemolithotrophy化能有机营养 chemoorganotrophy光营养 phototrophy兼性营养 amphitrophy腐生营养 saprophytic nutrition甲基营养 methylotrophy化能营养 chemotrophy自养 autotrophy光能自养 photoautotrophy化能自养 chemoautotrophy半自养 mesotrophy异养 heterotrophy氮平衡 nitrogen balance碳平衡 carbon balance磷平衡 phosphorus balance同化作用 assimilation异化作用 dissimilation氨化作用 ammonification硝化作用 nitrification反硝化作用 denitrification固氮作用 nitrogen fixation非共生固氮作用 asymbiotic nitrogen fixation 光同化作用 photo-assimilation巴氏效应 Pasteur effect葡萄糖效应 glucose effect种间分子氢转移 interspecies H transfer发酵 fermentation发酵[能]力 fermentation capacity可发酵性 fermentability同型发酵 homofermentation异型发酵 heterofermentation厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion厌氧呼吸 anaerobic respiration厌氧生活 anaerobiosis需氧呼吸 aerobic respiration需氧生活 aerobiosis反馈抑制 feed back inhibition内源变量 endogenenous variable异养潜能 heterotrophic potential溶菌丝作用 hypholytic action溶菌作用 bacteriolysis费氏[溶菌]现象 Pfeiffer's phenomenon 自溶[现象] autolysis裂殖 schizogenesis芽殖 budding二分分裂 binary fission不等分裂 unequal fission断裂 fragmentation复分裂 multiple fission隐蔽期 eclipse period比生长速率 specific growth rate同步生长 synchronous growth 双峰生长曲线 diauxie growth curve延滞期 lag phase一步生长[曲线] one step growth时间-存活曲线 time-survival curve倍增时间 doubling time指数生长 exponential growth衰亡期 decline phase稳定期 stationary phase对数期 log phase时间节律 temporal rhythm隐生现象 cryptobiosis休眠 dormancy衰老型 involution form静息细胞 resting cell光复活作用 photoreactivation交叉复活 cross reactivation热[致]死时 thermal death time热[致]死点 thermal death point原生质体再生 protoplast regeneration [噬菌体]接合分裂 conjugate division [噬菌体]裂解阻抑 lysis inhibition[噬菌体]裂解量 burst size[噬菌体]生产性感染 productive infection [噬菌体]自愈 curing病毒复制 replication of virus复制周期 replicative cycle裂解周期 lytic cycle[病毒]侵入 penetration病毒入胞现象 viropexis[病毒]脱壳 uncoating[病毒]装配 assembly蚀斑 plaque蚀斑形成单位 plaque forming unit,PFU成斑效率 efficiency of plating强毒株 virulent strain[狂犬病]固定毒 fixed virus[狂犬病]街毒 street virus病毒抑制作用 viral inhibition病毒诱导 virus induction[流感病毒]α抑制物α-inhibitor[流感病毒]朱氏抑制物 Chu-inhibitor ,β－inhibitor干扰素 interferon干扰[现象] interference微生物学专业词汇_细胞学、次生产物假肽聚糖 pseudopeptidoglycan肽聚糖 peptidoglycan磷壁酸 teichoic acid胞壁酸 muramic acid2,6-吡啶二羧酸 dipicolinic acid, DPA脂多糖类 lipopolysaccharides 多糖包被 glycocalyx鞭毛蛋白 flagellin菌毛蛋白 pilin杀白细胞素 leucocidin豆血红蛋白 leghaemoglobin藻胆蛋白 phycobiliprotein藻青蛋白 phycocyanin藻红蛋白 phycoerythrin藻青素 cyanophycin藻蓝素 algocyan, leucocyan藻胆素 phycobilin藻红[胆]素 phycoerythrobilin藻蓝胆素 phycocyanobilin藻青素颗粒 cyanophycin granule别藻蓝素 allophycocyanin类葫萝卜素 carotenoids细菌淀粉粒 granulose聚β羟基丁酸盐 poly-β-hydroxy butyrate葡萄球菌A蛋白 staphylococcal protein A, SPA纯化蛋白衍生物 purified protein derivative, PPD [葡萄球菌]凝固酶 staphylocoagulaseβ[细胞]溶素β-lysinα淀粉酶α-amylase通透酶 permease胞内酶 intracellular enzyme胞外酶 extracellular enzyme果胶酶 pectinase逆[转]录酶 reverse transcriptase凝固酶 coagulase受体破坏酶 receptor destroying enzyme, RDE 透明质酸酶 hyaluronidase纤维素酶 cellulase链道酶 streptodornase,SD链激酶 streptokinase,SK神经氨酸酶 neuraminidase青霉素酶 penicillinase溶菌酶 lysozyme[细菌]紫膜质 bacteriorhodopsin菌紫素 bacteriopurpurin[细]菌[叶]绿素 bacteriochlorophyll自溶素 autolysin亲菌素 bacteriotropin攻击素 aggressin抑殖素 ablastin粘附素 adhesin菌红素 bacterioerythrin灵菌毒素 prodigiosus toxin细菌素 bacteriocin麻风菌素 lepromin葡萄球菌素 staphylococcin伞菌氨酸 agarfitine苏云金菌素 thuricin 肠球菌素 enterococcin布氏菌素 brucellin大肠菌素 colicin, colicine丁香假单胞菌素 syringacin黄色粘球菌素 xanthacin链球菌素 streptocin流产菌素 abortin绿脓[菌]素 pyocyanin红假单胞菌素 rhodopseudomonacin 绿脓菌荧光素 pyofluorescein白喉毒素 diphtheria toxin杯伞素 clitocybine白细胞溶素 leucolysin表皮溶解毒素 epidermolytic toxin 产气荚膜梭菌素 perfringocin肠毒素 enterotoxin毒蝇碱 muscarine肺炎球菌毒素 pneumotoxin鬼笔[毒]环肽 phalloidin根霉蝶呤 rhizopterin肺炎[链]球菌溶血素 pneumolysin 黑粉菌酸 ustilagic acid分枝菌酸 mycolic acid齿孔酸 eburicoic acid根霉促进素 rhizopin蘑菇素 agaricin蘑菇酸 agaricinic acid红斑毒素 erythrogenic toxin黄曲霉毒素 aflatoxin菌丝酰胺 mycelianamide绿脓杆菌溶血素 pyocyanolysin葡萄球菌溶血毒素 staphylolysin 真菌毒素 mycotoxin曲霉毒素 aspertoxin赭曲毒素 ochratoxin曲酸 kojic acid破伤风[菌]痉挛毒素 tetanospasmin 溶葡萄球菌素 lysostaphin破伤风[菌]溶血素 tetanolysin溶纤维蛋白溶酶 fibrinolysin溶血素 hemolysin鼠疫菌素 pesticin神经毒素 neurotoxin杀[细]菌素 bactericidin外毒素 exotoxin内毒素 endotoxin细菌毒素 bacteriotoxin血凝素 hemagglutinin杂色曲霉素A versicolorin A柄曲霉素 sterigmatocystin毒植物素 phytotoxin真菌醇 mykol 链球菌溶血素 streptolysin剥脱性毒素 exfoliative toxin细菌荧光素 bacteriofluorescein[放线菌]土臭味素 geosmins土壤杆菌素 agrobacteriocin产甲烷[作用] methanogenesis生物转化 bioconversion生长因子 growth factor420 因子 factor 420V 因子 V factorX 因子 X factor辅酶 M coenzyme M微量营养 micronutrient特需营养要求型 idiotroph微[量]动[力]作用 oligodynamic action 抗代谢物 antimetabolites索状因子 cord factor异株克生物质 allelopathic substances 微生物学专业词汇_病毒类病毒 viroid病毒 virus真病毒 euvirus亚病毒 subvirus原病毒 provirus拟病毒 virusoid卫星病毒 satellite virus假型病毒 pseudotype virus慢病毒 slow virus辅助病毒 helper virus过客病毒 passenger virus多分体病毒 multicomponent virus昆虫痘病毒 entomopox virus, EPV颗粒体症病毒 granulosis virus, GV多角体病毒 polyhedrosis virus核型多角体病毒 nuclear polyhedrosis virus, NPV质型多角体病毒 cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus,CPV 多粒包埋型病毒 multiple embedded virus单粒包埋型病毒 singly embedded virus伴随病毒 associated virus浓核病毒 densovirus,DNV内源病毒 endogenous virus潜伏病毒 latent virus肠道病毒 enterovirus艾柯病毒 ECHO virus虫媒病毒 arbovirus腺病毒 adenovirus腺伴随病毒 adeno associated virus真菌病毒 mycovirus肿瘤病毒 oncovirus逆[转]录病毒 retro virus坏死病毒 necrosis virus 虹彩病毒 irido virus泛嗜性病毒 pantropic virus 毒株 strain原[生小]体 elementary body 包含体 inclusion body 顾氏小体 Guarnieri's bodies微生物学专业词汇_噬箘体真菌噬菌体 mycophage 噬藻体 phycophage烈性噬菌体 virulent phage 温和噬菌体 temperate phage 前原噬菌体 preprophage 原噬菌体 prophage隐性前噬菌体 cryptic prophage 营养期噬菌体 vegetative phage 载体噬菌体 carrier phageλ噬菌体 lambda particles phage [可]诱导噬菌体 inducible phage同源免疫噬菌体 homoimmune phage噬菌体分型 bacteriophage typing噬菌体型 phagetype噬菌体变型 phagevar噬斑 plaque[噬菌体]聚合头部 polyhead[噬菌体]聚合尾鞘 polysheath[噬菌体]伞毛 fimbrium内氏小体 Negri's body 病毒[粒]体 virion裸露病毒[粒]体 naked virion 假病毒体 pseudovirion 立体对称 cubical symmetry二十面体对称 icosahedral symmetry 螺旋对称 helical symmetry [病毒]五邻体 pentomer,pentons [病毒]六邻体 hexonmer,hexons 复合对称 complex symmetry 包膜突起 peplomerbody 包膜 envelope, peplos 蛋白质包膜 protein envelope [病毒]包膜抗原 envelope antigen [病毒]壳体 capsid[病毒]壳粒 capsomer, capsomere 二十面[体]壳体 icosahedron capsid 核心 core核壳 nucleocapsid病毒原质体 viroplasma病毒束 virus bundle多角体 polyhedron多角体蛋白 polyhedrin颗粒体 granule颗粒体蛋白 granulin类核 nucleoid内含颗粒 inclusion granuleX 体 X-body[病毒]早期蛋白 early protein[噬菌体]颈须 whisker[噬菌体]先导蛋白 pilot protein [噬菌体]尾丝抗原 fiber antigen [噬菌体]顶体 apex[噬菌体]基片插孔 base-plate hub [噬菌体]基片丝 base-plate fibril [噬菌体]基片楔突 base-plate wedge [噬菌体]串联体 concatemer[噬菌体]颈部 collar[噬菌体]顶部壳粒 apical capsomere [噬菌体]尾丝 tail fiber[噬菌体]畸形体 monster[噬菌体]颈圈 connector[噬菌体]髓部 core[噬菌体]头部 head[噬菌体]尾部 tail[噬菌体]尾管 tail tube[噬菌体]尾鞘 tail sheath微生物专业词汇_细菌细菌 bacteria薄壁[细]菌类 gracilicutes硬壁[细]菌类 fermicutes疵壁[细]菌类 mendosicutes无壁[细]菌类 tenericutes 柔膜细菌 mollicutes真细菌 eubacteria暗细菌 scotobacteria无氧光细菌 anoxyphotobacteria生氧光细菌 oxyphotobacteria放线菌 actinomycetes螺[旋]菌 spirilla粘细菌 slime bacteria鞘细菌 sheathed bacteria柄细菌 caulobacteria弧菌 vibrio根瘤细菌 root nodule bacteria硫酸盐还原菌 sulfate reducting bacteria硫细菌 sulfur bacteria铁细菌 iron bacteria紫色无硫细菌 purple nonsulfur bacteria产甲烷菌 methanogen硝化细菌 nitrobacteria反硝化细菌 denitrifying bacteria固氮细菌 nitrogen fixing bacteria甲基营养菌 methylotrophic bacteria产乙酸菌 acetogen同型[产]乙酸细菌 homoacetogenic bacteria光合作用细菌 photosynthetic bacteria产氢产乙酸细菌 hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria 同型发酵乳酸菌 homofermentative lactic bacteria异型发酵乳酸菌 heterofermentative lactic bacteria 产氢菌 hydrogenogens产气菌 aerogen不产气菌 anaerogen发光细菌 luminous bacteria产色细菌 chromogenic bacteria化能异养菌 chemoheterotrophic bacteria化能自养菌 chemoautotrophic bacteria光能异养菌 photoheterotrophic bacteria光能自养菌 photoautotrophic bacteria化能有机营养菌 chemoorganotrophic bacteria化能无机营养菌 chemolithotrophic bacteria光能有机营养菌 photoorganotrophic bacteria光能无机营养菌 photolithotrophic bacteria有机营养菌 organotrophic bacteria无机营养菌 lithotrophic bacteria贫[营]养细菌 oligotrophic bacteria一氧化碳营养菌 carboxydotrophic bacteria自养菌 autotrophic bacteria异养菌 heterotrophic bacteria光养菌 phototrophic bacteria需氧菌 aerobe微需氧菌 microaerobe耐氧菌 aerotorelant bacteria厌氧菌 anaerobe兼性厌氧菌 facultative anaerobe 专性厌氧菌 obligate anaerobe溶原性细菌 lysogenic bacteria腐生菌 saprophytic bacteria苛求菌 fastidious microorganism极端细菌 extreme bacteria嗜压菌 barophilic bacteria嗜盐菌 halophilic bacteria嗜铁菌 siderophilic bacteria嗜高渗细菌 osmophilic bacteria微嗜氮菌 oligonitrophilic bacteria 嗜冷[细]菌 psychrophilic bacteria 嗜酸菌 acidophilic bacteria嗜硫菌 thiophilic bacteria中温菌 mesophilic bacteria耐热细菌 thermophilric bacteria氢营养菌 hydrogenotrophic bacteria 肠道细菌 intestinal bacteria类菌体 bacteroid细菌小体 bacteriosome微生子 gonidium蓝细菌 cyanobacteria[蓝细菌]连锁体 hormogonium类囊体 thylakoid藻胆蛋白体 phycobilisome静息孢子 akinete滑行 gliding异形[囊]胞 heterocyst化学型 chemotype化学变型 chemovar血清型 serotype血清变型 serovar致病型 pathotype致病变型 pathovar生物型 biotype生物变型 biovar形态型 morphotype形态变型 morphovar革兰氏阳性菌 Gram-positive bacteria 革兰氏阴性菌 Gram-negative bacteria 球菌 coccus双球菌 diplococcus四联球菌 tetrads八叠球菌 sarcina球杆菌 coccobacillus杆菌 rod双杆菌 diplobacillus棒状菌 corynebacteria[细菌]毛状体 trichome单鞭毛菌 monotricha周[鞭]毛菌 peritricha丛[鞭]毛菌 lophotricha两端单[鞭]毛菌 amphitrichate 单端丛[鞭]毛菌 cephalotricha滑行细菌 gliding bacteria细菌L-型 L-form of bacterium菌落 colony 酵母型菌落 yeast type colony类酵母型菌落 yeast like colony次生菌落 secondary colony粗糙型菌落 rough colony光滑型菌落 smooth colony丝状型菌落 filamentous type colony子菌落 daughter colony深层菌落 deep colony粘液型菌落 mucoid colony巨大菌落 giant colony侏儒型菌落 dwarf colony菌苔 lawn菌胶团 zoogloea菌膜 pellicle[菌]醭 mycoderm, pellicle群游现象 swarming菌柄 stipe[菌体]附器 appendage鞭毛 flagellum周质鞭毛 periplasmic flagella轴丝 axial filament菌毛 pilus性丝 sex pilus外生孢子 exospore内生孢子 endospore芽孢 spore芽孢形成 sporulation终端芽孢 terminal spore近端芽孢 subterminal spore中生芽孢 central spore前芽孢 forespore[芽孢]皮层 cortex芽孢外膜 exitine芽孢内膜 intine外壁 exine伴胞晶体 parasporal crystal 菌蜕 ghost鞘 sheath荚膜 capsule粘液层 slime layer微荚膜 microcapsule壁膜间隙 periplasmic space原生质体 protoplast原生质球 spheroplast气泡 gas vacuole甲烷粒体 methanochondria间体 mesosome载色体 chromatophore鞭毛基体 flagellar basal body 异染质 volutin异染粒 matachromatic granules致死颗粒 killer particle紫膜 purple membrane噬菌体 bacteriophage无囊盖类 inoperculatae超显微微生物 ultramicroscopic organism 微生物专业词汇_真菌学菌丝 hypha菌髓 trama假菌丝体 pseudomycelium气生菌丝体 aerial mycelium基内菌丝体 substrate mycelium球拍状菌丝体 racquet mycelium结节状菌丝 nodular mycelium梳状菌丝 pectinafe mycelium螺旋菌丝 spiral mycelium匍匐菌丝 stolon次生菌丝体 secondary mycelium有隔菌丝 septate hypha无隔菌丝 nonseptate hypha生殖菌丝体 reproductive mycelium营养菌丝体 vegetative mycelium不育菌丝体 sterile mycelium菌丝体 mycelium黄癣菌丝 favic chandelier mycelium 产囊丝 ascogenous hypha产囊体 ascogonium原植体 thallus粘菌体 aethalium合胞体 syncytium虫菌体 hyphal body盾状体 clypeus子实体 fruiting body产孢体 gleba子实层体 hymenophore子实层 hymenium子实下层 subhymenium菌丝层 subiculum菌丝段 hyphal fragment菌丝束 coremium菌丝索 funiculus菌核 sclerotium器菌核 pycnosclerotium菌环 annulus菌裙 indusium菌盖 pileus顶体 apicle藏卵器 oogonium雄器 antheridium[锈菌]性孢子器 pycnium 锈子器 aecium精子器 spermogonium囊状体 cystidium粉孢子梗 oidiophore小梗 sterigma接合孢子柄 zygosporophore 孢囊柄 sporangiophore配囊柄 suspensor孢子梗 sporophore分生孢子梗 conidiophore雄器柄 androphore帚状枝 penicillus瓶梗 phialide梗基 metulae芽孔 germ pore芽管 germ tube芽缝 germ slit孢丝 capillitium周丝 periphysis类周丝 periphysoid侧丝 paraphysis拟侧丝 pseudoparaphysis类侧丝 paraphysoid[孢子]外壁 exosporium外生菌根 ectomycorrhiza内生菌根 endomycorrhiza内外生菌根 ectendomycorrhiza泡囊丛枝菌根 vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza 刺突 spike弹丝 elater刚毛 seta微体 microbody泡囊 vesicle隔膜 septum假隔膜 pseudoseptum分生孢子盘 acervulus分生孢子座 sporodochium精子团 spermatium囊基膜 hypothallus囊层基 hypothecium囊层被 epithecium囊间丝 hamathecium囊托 apophysis囊领 collarette囊轴 columella孔口 ostiole菌托 volva孢子角 cirrus孢子球 spore ball孢子印 spore print聚簇 cluster[菌丝]融合 anastomosis [孢子]切落 abjunction [孢子]缢断 abstriction 多态[现象] polymorphism 缢缩[作用] constriction 粉孢子 oidium孢子 spore掷孢子 ballistospore厚壁孢子 chlamydospore 环痕孢子 annellospore 节孢子 arthrospore卷旋孢子 helicospore腊肠形孢子 allantospore 孔出孢子 porospore星形孢子 staurospore线形孢子 scolecospore 砖格孢子 dictyospore侧生孢子 aleuriospore 芽生孢子 blastospore瓶梗孢子 phialospore无梗孢子 thallospore分生孢子 conidium大分生孢子 macroconidium小分生孢子 microconidium节分生孢子 arthroconidium芽分生孢子 blastoconidium器孢子 pycnidiospore无隔孢子 amerospore双胞孢子 didymospore多隔孢子 phragmospore休眠孢子 hypnospore顶生孢子 acrospore顶生厚壁孢子 fuseau内分生孢子 endoconidium担孢子 basidiospore双孢担孢子 dispore同形孢子 isospore柄生孢子 stylospore[锈菌]性孢子 pycniospore产雄器孢子 androspore锈孢子 aeciospore夏孢子 urediniospore, aeciospore 冬孢子 teliospore四分孢子 tetraspore粘孢子 myxospore多核孢子 coenospore孢囊孢子 sporangiospore子囊孢子 ascospore多核细胞 coenocyte分生孢子果 conidiocarp分生孢子器 pycnidium孢[子]囊 sporangium柱孢子囊 merosporangium四分孢子囊 tetrasporangium原孢子囊 prosporangium多核孢子囊 coenosporangium休眠孢子囊 hypnosporangium子囊 ascus接合孢子 zygospore拟接合孢子 azygospore原囊壁子囊 prototunicate ascus 单囊壁子囊 unitunicate ascus 双囊壁子囊 bitunicate ascus子囊果 ascocarp子囊壳 perithecium闭囊壳 cleistothecium闭囊果 cleistocarp盘状子囊果 discocarp孢囊果 sporangiocarp [接]合子 zygote单性合子 azygote多核合子 coenozygote异形合子 heterozygote合子核 zygotonucleus游动合子 planozygote担子 basidium半担子 hemibasidium隔担子 heterobasidium无隔担子 holobasidium有隔担子 phragmobasidium 内生担子 endobasidium原担子 protobasidium上担子 epibasidium下担子 hypobasidium同担子 homobasidium担子果 basidiocarp担子体 basidiophore配子 gamete原配子 progamete雄配子 androgamete雄核发育 androgenesis同形配子 isogamete异形配子 heterogamete游动配子 zoogamete 多核配子 coenogamete配子囊 gametangium配子母细胞 gametocyte同形配子囊 isogametangium 原配子囊 progametangium 小孢子囊 sporangiole微包囊 microcyst足细胞 foot cell脚胞 foot cell固着器 holdfast附着枝 hyphopodium吸盘 sucker锁状细胞 clamp cell锁状联合 clamp connection 偶核细胞 zeugite卵球 oosphere卵质 ooplasm孢原质 sporoplasm卵配子 oogamete卵孢子 oospore球状胞 sphaerocyst子囊腔 locule子囊盘 apothecium子囊座 ascostroma缝裂壳 hysterothecium下子座 hypostroma包被 peridium子座 stroma壳心 centrum拟包被 pseudoperidium无融合生殖 apomixis同宗配合 homothallism准性生殖 parasexuality异宗配合 heterothallism同配生殖 isogamy异配生殖 heterogamy无配生殖 apogamy配囊交配 gametangial copulation 交配型 mating type全型 holomorph夏孢子期 uredostage冬孢子堆 teleutosorus, telium 夏孢子堆 uredinium子囊孢子形成 ascosporulation孢子形成 sporulation。
微生物专业术语英语
杂色曲霉素 A versicolorin A[孢子]切落abjunction抑殖素ablastin流产菌素abortin[孢子]缢断abstriction分生孢子盘acervulus醋化作用acetification产乙酸菌acetogen消色差透镜achromatic lens抗酸细菌染色法acid-fast staining 酸化作用acidification嗜酸菌acidophilic bacteria拉霉素aclacinomycin顶生孢子acrospore放线酮actidione, cycloheximide 放线菌actinomycetes放线菌素actinomycin活性污泥activated sludge活性干酵母active dry yeast腺伴随病毒adeno associated virus 腺病毒adenovirus粘附素adhesin阿霉素adriamycin 锈孢子aeciospore锈子器aecium气生菌丝体aerial mycelium需氧菌aerobe需氧培养aerobic cultivation需氧呼吸aerobic respiration需氧生活aerobiosis产气菌aerogen趋氧性aerotaxis耐氧菌aerotorelant bacteria粘菌体aethalium黄曲霉毒素aflatoxin琼脂agar琼脂平板agar plate琼脂斜面agar slant伞菌氨酸agarfitine蘑菇素agaricin蘑菇酸agaricinic acid攻击素aggressin攻击力aggressivity陈酿化aging农业微生物学agricultural microbiology土壤杆菌素agrobacteriocin静息孢子akinete阿氏染色Albert‘s staining侧生孢子aleuriospore藻蓝素algocyan, leucocyan腊肠形孢子allantospore异株克生物质allelopathic substances 异种克生[现象] allelopathy别藻蓝素allophycocyanin虫道真菌ambrosia fungi氨丁苷菌素ambutyrosin偏害共栖amensalism美国模式培养物保藏所American Type Culture Collection, ATCC无隔孢子amerospore埃姆斯试验Ames test氨化作用ammonification两端单[鞭]毛菌amphitrichate兼性营养amphitrophy两性霉素amphotericin阿明露法amylo process厌氧菌anaerobe厌氧培养室anaerobic chamber 厌氧培养anaerobic cultivation 厌氧消化anaerobic digestion厌氧呼吸anaerobic respiration 厌氧生活anaerobiosis不产气菌anaerogen无性型anamorph[菌丝]融合anastomosis雄配子androgamete雄核发育androgenesis雄器柄androphore产雄器孢子androspore环痕孢子annellospore菌环annulus无氧光细菌anoxyphotobacteria 安丝菌素ansamitocin拮抗作用antagonism抗蠕霉素anthelmycin雄器antheridium抗菌剂antibacterial agent抗生素antibiotic抗生谱antibiotic spectrum抗白喉血清antidiphtheric serum消泡剂antifoam agent抗真菌剂antifungal agent抗原性漂移antigenic drift抗原性转变antigenic shift抗溶[菌]素antilysin抗代谢物antimetabolites抗微生物剂antimicrobial agent抗霉素antimycin防腐antisepsis防腐剂antiseptic抗血清antiserum抗毒素antitoxin[噬菌体]顶体apex[噬菌体]顶部壳粒apical capsomere 顶体apicle除疟霉素aplasmomycin全消色差透镜apochromatic lens 无配生殖apogamy无融合生殖apomixis囊托apophysis子囊盘apothecium[菌体]附器appendage阿泊拉霉素apramycin水生微生物学aquatic microbiology虫媒病毒arbovirus古细菌archaebacteria古始生物界archetista流通蒸汽灭菌器Arnold steam sterilizor 节分生孢子arthroconidium节孢子arthrospore子囊果ascocarp产囊丝ascogenous hypha产囊体ascogonium子囊菌ascomycetes子囊孢子ascospore子囊孢子形成ascosporulation子囊座ascostroma子囊ascus无菌操作aseptic technique曲霉菌素aspergillin曲霉毒素aspertoxin无孢子酵母菌asporogenous yeasts[病毒]装配assembly同化作用assimilation伴随病毒associated virus非共生固氮作用asymbiotic nitrogen fixation减毒株attenuated strain减毒作用attenuation高压灭菌器autoclave高压灭菌autoclaving自身接种autoinoculation 自溶素autolysin自溶[现象] autolysis自动气锁automatic airlock自养菌autotrophic bacteria自养演替autotrophic succession 自养autotrophy自身疫苗autovaccine自身菌苗autovaccine生长谱auxanogram生长谱测定[法] auxanography营养缺陷型auxotroph除虫菌素avermectin纯性培养axenic cultivation纯性培养物axenic culture轴丝axial filament固氮菌剂azotogen拟接合孢子azygospore单性合子azygote葡萄球菌A蛋白staphylococcal protein A, SPA杆菌肽bacitracin菌血症bacteremia细菌bacteria菌落计数器bacterial colony counter 菌苗bacterial vaccine细菌毒力bacterial virulence杀细菌剂bactericide杀[细]菌素bactericidin[细]菌[叶]绿素bacteriochlorophyll 细菌素bacteriocin菌红素bacterioerythrin细菌荧光素bacteriofluorescein细菌学bacteriology溶菌作用bacteriolysis 溶[细]菌反应bacteriolytic reaction 噬菌体bacteriophage噬菌体分型bacteriophage typing 噬菌体学bacteriophagology菌紫素bacteriopurpurin[细菌]紫膜质bacteriorhodopsin细菌小体bacteriosome抑菌作用bacteriostasis抑菌剂bacteriostat细菌毒素bacteriotoxin亲菌素bacteriotropin类菌体bacteroid掷孢子ballistospore嗜压菌barophilic bacteria[噬菌体]基片丝base-plate fibril[噬菌体]基片插孔base-plate hub [噬菌体]基片楔突base-plate wedge 基础培养基basic medium担子果basidiocarp担子菌basidiomycetes担子体basidiophore担孢子basidiospore担子basidium分批培养batch cultivation[罐]批发酵batch fermentation卡介苗BCG vaccine豆芽汁培养基bean sprouts medium 牛肉汁beef broth牛肉膏beef extract双环霉素bicyclomycin二分分裂binary fission 双目显微镜binocular microscope 生物测定bioassay生化培养基biochemical medium 生物转化bioconversion沼气biogas生物防治biological control生物制品biological products生物质biomass生物量biomass生物圈biosphere生物型biotype生物变型biovar双相培养biphasic cultivation两极染色bipolar staining双囊壁子囊bitunicate ascus杀稻瘟素blasticidin芽分生孢子blastoconidium芽生孢子blastospore博来霉素bleomycin盲传blind passage水华blooms下面发酵bottom fermentation下面酵母bottom yeast麸曲bran koji酿造brewing酿造技术brewing technique明视野显微镜bright field microscope 肉汤培养broth cultivation肉汤培养物broth culture布氏菌素brucellin芽殖budding[噬菌体]裂解量burst size丁苷菌素butirosin, butyrosin 杀假丝菌素candicidin烛罐candle jar孢丝capillitium卷曲霉素capreomycin, capromycin[病毒]壳体capsid[病毒]壳粒capsomer, capsomere荚膜capsule石炭酸品红carbol fuchsin碳平衡carbon balance一氧化碳营养菌carboxydotrophic bacteria洋红霉素carminomycin类葫萝卜素carotenoids带菌者carrier带[病]毒者carrier载体噬菌体carrier phage腐霉素carriomycin[水解]酪蛋白氨基酸casamino acids柄细菌caulobacteria香柏油cedar oil天青菌素celesticetin细胞系cell line细胞株cell strain纤维素酶cellulase中生芽孢central spore壳心centrum头孢菌素cephalosporin单端丛[鞭]毛菌cephalotricha化能自养菌chemoautotrophic bacteria化能自养chemoautotrophy化能异养菌chemoheterotrophic bacteria化能无机营养菌chemolithotrophic bacteria化能无机营养chemolithotrophy化能有机营养菌chemoorganotrophic bacteria化能有机营养chemoorganotrophy恒化器chemostat趋化性chemotaxis化学疗法chemotherapy化能营养chemotrophy向化性chemotropism化学型chemotype化学变型chemovar中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms, CCCCM中国微生物学会Chinese Society for Microbiology, CSM衣原体chlamydia厚壁孢子chlamydospore氯霉素chloromycetin, chloramphenicol金霉素chloroteracycline, aureomycin 载色体chromatophore产色细菌chromogenic bacteria色霉素chromomycin创新霉素chuangxinmycin[流感病毒]朱氏抑制物Chu-inhibitor ,β－inhibitor壶菌chytrid孢子角cirrus锁状细胞clamp cell锁状联合clamp connection棒酸clavulanic acid闭囊果cleistocarp闭囊壳cleistothecium顶极群落climax community 氯林肯霉素clindamycin杯伞素clitocybine克隆clone封闭生长系统closed growth system 聚簇cluster盾状体clypeus凝固酶coagulase凝固酶因子coagulase factor球杆菌coccobacillus球菌coccus半透明型突变噬斑cococarde协同培养co-cultivation多核细胞coenocyte多核配子coenogamete多核孢子囊coenosporangium多核孢子coenospore多核合子coenozygote共固定化作用co-immobilization大肠菌素colicin, colicine大肠杆菌素生成因子colicinogenic factor 大肠菌类coliform group大肠[杆]菌指数coli-index粘菌素colistin大肠[杆]菌值colititre噬菌体]颈部collar囊领collarette菌落colony菌落形成单位colony forming units, CFU囊轴columella联合疫苗combined vaccine偏利共栖commensalism伴生种companions 相容性compatibility补偿目镜compensative eyepiece感受态competence兢争[共栖] competition互补complementation完全培养基complete medium复合对称complex symmetry[噬菌体]串联体concatemer凹玻片concave slide条件致死conditional lethal条件突变株conditional mutant条件致病菌conditioned pathogen分生孢子果conidiocarp分生孢子梗conidiophore分生孢子conidium[噬菌体]接合分裂conjugate division 接合[作用] conjugation[噬菌体]颈圈connector聚生体consortium缢缩[作用] constriction污染物contaminant污染contamination连续培养continuous cultivation连续发酵continuous fermentation 连续灭菌continuous sterilization 庖肉培养基cooked meat medium鬼伞菌素coprinin索状因子cord factor蛹虫草菌素cordycepin[噬菌体]髓部core核心core菌丝束coremium[芽孢]皮层cortex香菇菌素cortinellin棒状菌corynebacteria粘粒cosmid对染[法] counterstaining盖玻片cover glass临界杀菌浓度critical killing dilution 交叉复活cross reactivation深低温保藏[法] cryopreservation隐性前噬菌体cryptic prophage隐生现象cryptobiosis立体对称cubical symmetry 培养cultivation培养物culture培养瓶culture flask移种culture transfering盘菌cup fungi[噬菌体]自愈curing蓝细菌cyanobacteria藻青素cyanophycin藻青素颗粒cyanophycin granule 环丝氨酸cycloserine环孢菌素cyclosporin杯碟法cylinder plate method囊状体cystidium松胞菌素cytochalasin胞霉素cytomycin致细胞病变[效应] cytopathic effect, CPE质型多角体病毒cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus,CPV大曲Daqu (massive raw stater for alcholic liquor)暗视野dark-field暗视野显微镜dark-field microscope暗视野显微术dark-field microscopy子菌落daughter colony道诺霉素daunomycin衰亡期decline phase分解者decomposer深层菌落deep colony干扰缺损颗粒defective interfering particle[病毒]缺损突变株defective mutant缺损病毒defective virus确定成分培养基defined medium干燥培养基dehydrated medium 反硝化作用denitrification反硝化细菌denitrifying bacteria浓核病毒densovirus,DNV皮肤坏死毒素dermatonecrotoxin越霉素destomycin生物致劣deterioration鉴定细菌学determinative bacteriology诊断微生物学diagnostic microbiology 透析培养dialysis cultivation乳品微生物学diary microbiology双峰生长曲线diauxie growth curve砖格孢子dictyospore双胞孢子didymospore[分辨]干涉差显微镜Differential interference contrast microscope,DICM鉴别培养基differential medium鉴别染色法differential staining稀释法dilution method稀释平板分离法dilution-plate method 双态性真菌dimorphic fungi双态现象dimorphism白喉毒素diphtheria toxin2,6-吡啶二羧酸dipicolinic acid, DPA 双杆菌diplobacillus双球菌diplococcus盘状子囊果discocarp消毒剂disinfectant消毒disinfection双孢担孢子dispore 异化作用dissimilation偏端霉素distamycin供体donor休眠dormancy倍增时间doubling time抗药基因drug resistant gene抗药性菌株drug resistant strain药物敏感性drug susceptibility抗药性drug-resistance干热灭菌dry heat sterilization杜氏发酵管Durham‘s fermentation tube侏儒型菌落dwarf colony菌群失调dysbacteriosis[病毒]早期基因early genes[病毒]早期蛋白early protein齿孔酸eburicoic acid艾柯病毒ECHO virus隐蔽期eclipse period内外生菌根ectendomycorrhiza外生菌根ectomycorrhiza毛外癣菌ectothrix成斑效率efficiency of plating弹丝elater电[子显微]镜electron microscope 原[生小]体elementary body伊红甲烯蓝琼脂EMB agar远藤培养基Endo‘s medium内生担子endobasidium内分生孢子endoconidium内源变量endogenenous variable 内源病毒endogenous virus内生菌根endomycorrhiza内生孢子endospore内共生endosymbiosis 毛内癣菌endothrix内毒素endotoxin滋养培养基enriched medium富集培养基enrichment medium 肠球菌素enterococcin肠毒素enterotoxin肠道病毒enterovirus虫生真菌entomogenous fungi昆虫病原微生物entomopathogen 昆虫痘病毒entomopox virus, EPV [病毒]包膜抗原envelope antigen [细菌]包被抗原envelope antigen 包膜envelope, peplos上担子epibasidium表皮溶解毒素epidermolytic toxin囊层被epithecium红斑毒素erythrogenic toxin红霉素erythromycin抑酯酶素esterastin病原学etiology真细菌eubacteria真核生物eukaryote广温微生物eurythermal microorganism真病毒euvirus扁枝衣霉素everninomicin剥脱性毒素exfoliative toxin外壁exine芽孢外膜exitine外生孢子exospore[孢子]外壁exosporium外毒素exotoxin指数生长exponential growth胞外酶extracellular enzyme极端细菌extreme bacteria 乙型肝炎e抗原HBeAg420 因子factor 420兼性厌氧菌facultative anaerobe苛求菌fastidious microorganism黄癣菌丝favic chandelier mycelium 反馈抑制feed back inhibition可发酵性fermentability发酵fermentation发酵[能]力fermentation capacity发酵罐fermenter硬壁[细]菌类fermicutes冯巴赫瓶Fernbach flask致育因子fertility factor富尔根染色Feulgen staining[噬菌体]尾丝抗原fiber antigen溶纤维蛋白溶酶fibrinolysin丝状型菌落filamentous type colony 过滤除菌filtration sterilization[噬菌体]伞毛fimbrium[狂犬病]固定毒fixed virus鞭毛抗原flagellar antigen鞭毛基体flagellar basal body鞭毛蛋白flagellin鞭毛flagellum平罐酸败菌flat sour bacteria平[罐]酸败flat-sour spoilage亚麻浸渍flax retting菌群flora区系flora荧光显微镜fluorescence microscope 食品微生物学food microbiology食物中毒food poisoning足细胞foot cell脚胞foot cell 前芽孢forespore间型霉素formycin健霉素fortimicin磷霉素fosfomycin, phosphonomycin [蜜蜂]幼虫腐臭病foulbrood分部培养[法] fractional cultivation断裂fragmentation弗氏[细胞]压碎器French cell press子实体fruiting body真菌fungi抑真菌剂fungistat菌丝索funiculus镰孢菌酸fusarinic acid顶生厚壁孢子fuseau配囊交配gametangial copulation配子囊gametangium配子gamete配子母细胞gametocyte气泡gas vacuoleGC值GC values明胶液化gelatine liquefication基因簇gene cluster基因转移gene transfer普通微生物学general microbilogy 遗传转化genetic transformation 基因型genotype艮他霉素gentamicin[放线菌]土臭味素geosmins芽孔germ pore芽缝germ slit芽管germ tube无菌动物germ-free animal无菌植物germ-free plant杀菌剂germicides菌蜕ghost巨大菌落giant colony 产孢体gleba滑行gliding滑行细菌gliding bacteria胶霉毒素gliotoxin葡萄糖效应glucose effect多糖包被glycocalyx悉生生物学gnotobiology悉生生物gnotobiote微生子gonidium谷氏菌素gougerotin薄壁[细]菌类gracilicutes梯度平板gradient plate革兰氏染色Gram staining短杆菌肽gramicidin革兰氏阴性菌Gram-negative bacteria革兰氏阳性菌Gram-positive bacteria 颗粒体granule颗粒体蛋白granulin细菌淀粉粒granulose颗粒体症病毒granulosis virus, GV灰霉素grisein灰黄霉素griseofulvin生长因子growth factor顾氏小体Guarnieri‘s bodies溶血[作用] haemolysis嗜盐菌halophilic bacteria囊间丝hamathecium悬滴法hanging drop method乙型肝炎核心抗原HBcAg乙型肝炎表面抗原HBsAg[噬菌体]头部head热固定heat fixation螺旋对称helical symmetry卷旋孢子helicospore辅助病毒helper virus 血细胞吸附hemadsorption, HD血凝抑制hemagglutination inhibition 血细胞凝集hemagglutination, HA血凝素hemagglutinin半担子hemibasidium溶血素hemolysin溶血试验hemolytic test除莠菌素herbicidin除莠霉素herbimycin隔担子heterobasidium异形[囊]胞heterocyst异型发酵heterofermentation异型发酵乳酸菌heterofermentative lactic bacteria异形配子heterogamete异配生殖heterogamy异源性heterology异宗配合heterothallism异养菌heterotrophic bacteria异养潜能heterotrophic potential 异养演替heterotrophic succession 异养heterotrophy杂合[现象] heterozygosis异形合子heterozygote[病毒]六邻体hexonmer,hexons高频重组high frequency of recombination, Hfr高倍物镜high power objective变异H-O variation H-O固着器holdfast无隔担子holobasidium 全型holomorph全霉素holomycin同型[产]乙酸细菌homoacetogenic bacteria同担子homobasidium同型发酵homofermentation同型发酵乳酸菌homofermentative lactic bacteria同源免疫噬菌体homoimmune phage同源性homology同宗配合homothallism[蓝细菌]连锁体hormogonium宿主范围突变株host range mutant透明质酸酶hyaluronidase硫化氢试验hydrogen sulfide production test产氢菌hydrogenogens氢营养菌hydrogenotrophic bacteria产氢产乙酸细菌hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria潮霉素hygromycin子实层hymenium子实层体hymenophore菌丝hypha虫菌体hyphal body菌丝段hyphal fragment溶菌丝作用hypholytic action 附着枝hyphopodium休眠孢子囊hypnosporangium 休眠孢子hypnospore下担子hypobasidium地下真菌hypogeal fungi下子座hypostroma囊基膜hypothallus囊层基hypothecium缝裂壳hyste二十面体对称icosahedral symmetry 二十面[体]壳体icosahedron capsid 鉴定identification特需营养要求型idiotroph岛霉素ilamycin固定化细胞immobilized cell免疫粘连血凝测定immune adherence hemagglutination assay, IAHA半知菌imperfect fungi原位培养in situ cultivation体外in vitro体内in vivo烧灼灭菌incineration rothecium包含体inclusion body内含颗粒inclusion granule培养箱incubator墨汁荚膜染色India-ink capsule staining指示菌indicator土著区系indigenous flora土著菌群indigenous flora吲哚试验indole test诱发变异induced variation[可]诱导噬菌体inducible phage菌裙indusium工业微生物学industrial microbiology 传染infection感染infection侵染infection感染中心infectious center侵染中心infectious center半感染剂量infectious dose 50%, ID 50侵染剂量infective dose, ID感染剂量infective dose, ID侵染性infectivity感染性infectivity[衣原体]始体initial body接种环inoculating loop接种针inoculating needle接种箱inoculation hood接种inoculation, inoculating, inoculate接种物inoculum无囊盖类inoperculatae干扰[现象] interference干扰素interferon国际微生物学会联合会InternationalUnion of Microbiological Societies, IUMS种间分子氢转移interspecies H transfer 肠道细菌intestinal bacteria芽孢内膜intine胞内酶intracellular enzyme侵袭力invasiveness倒置显微镜invert microscope衰老型involution form虹彩病毒irido virus铁细菌iron bacteria同形配子囊isogametangium同形配子isogamete同配生殖isogamy分离isolation 分离培养基isolation medium同形孢子isospore天神霉素istamycin双氢除虫菌素ivermectin交沙霉素josamycin卡那霉素kanamycin春日霉素kasugamycin致死颗粒killer particle柯斯特染料Koester‘s stain日本酒曲koji曲酸kojic acid克氏瓶Kolle flask科氏试验Kolmer test柯氏氧化酶试剂Kovac‘s oxidase reagent柯氏试剂Kovac‘s reagent延滞期lag phaseλ噬菌体lambda particles phage蓝氏链球菌分群试验Lancefield‘s streptococcal grouping test兔化法lapinization兔化毒lapinized virus[病毒]晚期基因late genes[病毒]晚期蛋白late protein潜伏病毒latent virus菌苔lawn渗漏突变体leaky mutant豆血红蛋白leghaemoglobin赖夫松鞭毛染色Leifson‘s flagella staining透镜lens麻风菌素lepromin 杀白细胞素leucocidin白细胞溶素leucolysin柱晶白霉素leucomycin林可霉素lincomycin脂多糖类lipopolysaccharides液体曲liquid koji液体培养基liquid medium液氮保藏[法] liquid nitrogen cryopreservation液态发酵liquid state fermentation 无机营养菌lithotrophic bacteria石蕊牛奶litmus milk活菌苗live bacterial vaccine活疫苗live vaccine子囊腔locule吕氏甲烯蓝Loeff ler‘s methylene blue吕氏血清培养基Loeffler‘s serum medium对数期log phase丛[鞭]毛菌lophotricha低倍物镜low power objective弱毒株low virulent strain鲁戈氏碘液Lugol‘s iodine solution发光细菌luminous bacteria冻干[保藏]法lyophilization[噬菌体]裂解阻抑lysis inhibition溶原现象lysogenesis溶原性细菌lysogenic bacteria溶原性转换lysogenic conversion溶原化lysogenization 溶原性lysogeny溶葡萄球菌素lysostaphin溶菌酶lysozyme裂解周期lytic cycle细菌L-型L-form of bacterium辅酶M coenzyme M麦氏[立克次氏体]染色Macchiavello‘s staining麦氏培养基MacConkey medium大分生孢子macroconidium放大率magnification主发酵main fermentation孔雀石绿溶液malachite green solution[马]鼻疽菌素试验mallein test麦芽汁malt wort曼德勒尔滤器Mandler filter手动气锁manual airlock海洋微生物学marine microbiology 醪液mash异染粒matachromatic granules交配型mating type美登素maytenin肉膏meat extract医学微生物学medical microbiology 培养基medium薄膜滤器membrane filter疵壁[细]菌类mendosicutes柱孢子囊merosporangium中温菌mesophilic bacteria间体mesosome 半自养mesotrophy代谢共栖metabiosis甲烷粒体methanochondria产甲烷菌methanogen产甲烷[作用] methanogenesis甲基红试验methyl red test甲烯蓝还原试验methylene blue reduction test甲基营养菌methylotrophic bacteria甲基营养methylotrophy酒霉素methymycin梗基metulae微需氧菌microaerobe微生物生物化学microbial biochemistry 微生物生态学microbial ecology微生物生态系统microbial ecosystem微生物遗传学microbial genetics微生物浸矿microbial leaching微生物杀虫剂microbial pesticide 微生物生理学microbial physiology 微生物传感器microbial sensor微生物分类学microbial taxonomy 微体microbody微荚膜microcapsule小分生孢子microconidium微包囊microcyst微生物区系microflora显微操作micromanipulation显微操作器micromanipulator微量营养micronutrient微生物microorganism 显微镜microscope显微镜集光器microscope condenser镜检microscopic examination显微肥达氏凝集试验microscopic Widal agglutination test微孔滤器millipore filter最小感染量minimal infecting dose, MID最小抑菌浓度minimal inhibitory concentration, MIC最小致死量minimal lethal dose, MLD 光神霉素mithramycin丝裂霉素mitomycin混合培养mixed cultivation混合培养物mixed culture霉菌mold, mould柔膜细菌mollicutes莫能菌素monensin单形现象monomorphism单鞭毛菌monotricha[噬菌体]畸形体monster形态型morphotype形态变型morphovar最大机率法most probable number method, MPNM最大机率数most probable number, MPN粘液型菌落mucoid colony多分体病毒multicomponent virus多粒包埋型病毒multiple embedded virus复分裂multiple fission胞壁酸muramic acid 毒蝇碱muscarine蘑菇mushrooms诱变剂mutagen诱变mutagenesis突变体mutant突变mutation互利共栖mutualism菌丝酰胺mycelianamide菌丝体mycelium菌丝球mycelium pellet真菌中毒mycetism含菌细胞mycetosome杀真菌剂mycocide[菌]醭mycoderm, pellicle 分枝菌酸mycolic acid真菌学mycology菌霉素mycomycin真菌噬菌体mycophage霉酚酸mycophenolic acid菌根mycorrhiza菌根真菌mycorrhizal fungi真菌毒素mycotoxin真菌病毒mycovirus麦迪霉素mydecamycin, midecamycin 真菌醇mykol粘孢子myxospore裸露病毒[粒]体naked virion天然培养基natural medium暗霉素nebramycin致坏死寄生物necroparsite 坏死病毒necrosis virus负染[色法] negative staining负链negative strand内氏小体Negri‘s body新霉素neomycin纺锤菌素netropsin神经氨酸酶neuraminidase神经毒性neurotoxicity神经毒素neurotoxin神经毒力neurovirulence无关共栖neutralism中和试验neutralization test根瘤菌剂nitragin硝酸盐还原试验nitrate reduction test硝化作用nitrification硝化细菌nitrobacteria氮平衡nitrogen balance固氮作用nitrogen fixation固氮细菌nitrogen fixing bacteria诺卡菌素nocardin结节状菌丝nodular mycelium无隔菌丝nonseptate hypha正常菌群normal flora新生霉素novobiocin核型多角体病毒nuclear polyhedrosis virus, NPV核壳nucleocapsid类核nucleoid数值分类法numerical taxonomy营养琼脂nutrient agar 营养肉汤nutrient broth制霉菌素nystatin菌体抗原O antigen物镜objective专性厌氧菌obligate anaerobe赭曲毒素ochratoxin目镜ocular目镜测微计ocular micrometer[流感病毒] O-D相变异O-D variation 粉孢子梗oidiophore粉孢子oidium油浸物镜oil immersion objective老培养物old culture旧结核菌素old tuberculin, OT竹桃霉素oleandomycin微[量]动[力]作用oligodynamic action 微嗜氮菌oligonitrophilic bacteria贫[营]养细菌oligotrophic bacteria肿瘤病毒oncovirus一步生长[曲线] one step growth卵配子oogamete藏卵器oogonium卵菌oomycetes卵质ooplasm卵球oosphere卵孢子oospore敞口发酵open fermentation开放生长系统open growth system操纵子operon蛇孢菌素ophiobollin 机会致病菌opportunistic pathogen 有机营养菌organotrophic bacteria 嗜高渗细菌osmophilic bacteria孔口ostiole牛津杯Oxford cup氧化酶试验oxidase test需氧量oxygen requirement生氧光细菌oxyphotobacteria向氧性oxytropism古微生物学paleomicrobiology泛嗜性病毒pantropic virus侧丝paraphysis类侧丝paraphysoid准性生殖parasexuality寄生parasitism伴胞晶体parasporal crystal巴龙霉素paromomycin过客病毒passenger virus巴氏效应Pasteur effect巴氏消毒法pasteurization病原体pathogen致病性pathogenicity致病型pathotype致病变型pathovar展青霉素patulin梳状菌丝pectinafe mycelium 果胶酶pectinase菌膜pellicle[病毒]侵入penetration青霉酸penicillic acid 青霉素penicillin青霉素酶penicillinase帚状枝penicillus[病毒]五邻体pentomer,pentons包膜突起peplomerbody肽聚糖peptidoglycan[蛋白]胨peptone[蛋白]胨酵母膏葡萄糖培养基peptone-yeast extract-glucose medium完全真菌perfect fungi产气荚膜梭菌素perfringocin包被peridium周丝periphysis类周丝periphysoid周质鞭毛periplasmic flagella壁膜间隙periplasmic space子囊壳perithecium周[鞭]毛菌peritricha通透酶permease鼠疫菌素pesticin培养皿Petri dish石油微生物学petroleum microbiology 费氏[溶菌]现象Pfeiffer‘s phenomenon 噬菌体型phagetype噬菌体变型phagevar鬼笔[毒]环肽phalloidin相差显微镜phase contrast microscope 噬粒phasmid石炭酸系数phenol coefficient表型phenotype 表型混杂phenotypic mixing瓶梗phialide瓶梗孢子phialospore磷平衡phosphorus balance光同化作用photo-assimilation光能自养菌photoautotrophic bacteria 光能自养photoautotrophy光能异养菌photoheterotrophic bacteria光能无机营养菌photolithotrophic bacteria光能无机营养photolithotrophy光能有机营养菌photoorganotrophic bacteria光能有机营养photoorganotrophy光复活作用photoreactivation光合作用细菌photosynthetic bacteria 趋光性phototaxis光养菌phototrophic bacteria光营养phototrophy向光性phototropism有隔担子phragmobasidium多隔孢子phragmospore藻胆素phycobilin藻胆蛋白phycobiliprotein藻胆蛋白体phycobilisome藻青蛋白phycocyanin藻蓝胆素phycocyanobilin藻红蛋白phycoerythrin藻红[胆]素phycoerythrobilin噬藻体phycophage 叶际微生物phyllospheric microorganism植物杀菌素phytocidin毒植物素phytotoxin菌盖pileus菌毛蛋白pilin[噬菌体]先导蛋白pilot protein菌毛pilus游动合子planozygote蚀斑plaque噬斑plaque蚀斑形成单位plaque forming unit,PFU 噬斑突变株plaque mutants质粒plasmid质粒不相容性plasmid incompatibility平板plate平板培养plate cultivation平板培养物plate culture平板划线plate streaking平板接种plating肺炎[链]球菌溶血素pneumolysin 肺炎球菌毒素pneumotoxin痘疱试验pock assay毒蘑菇poisonous mushroom多重营养缺陷型polyauxotroph [噬菌体]聚合头部polyhead多角体蛋白polyhedrin多角体polyhedron多角体病毒polyhedrosis virus 多形现象polymorphism 多态[现象] polymorphism多粘菌素polymyxin多氧菌素polyoxin[噬菌体]聚合尾鞘polysheath聚硅酸盐平板polysilicate plate多价菌苗polyvalent bacterial vaccine 多价疫苗polyvalent vaccine聚β羟基丁酸盐poly-β-hydroxy butyrate混合分型血清pooled typing serum孔出孢子porospore正链positive strand马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂potato dextrose agar, PDA倾注培养[法] pour plate method捕食真菌predacious fungi捕食作用predation前原噬菌体preprophage原始培养物primary culture前发酵primary fermentation 原发性感染原primary invader 原生演替primary succession 灵菌红素prodigiosin灵菌毒素prodigiosus toxin[噬菌体]生产性感染productive infection原配子囊progametangium原配子progamete始祖生物progenote原核生物prokaryote启动子promotor 原噬菌体prophage原孢子囊prosporangium蛋白质包膜protein envelope原生生物protista原生生物学protistology原担子protobasidium初级合作protocooperation原生植物protophyte原生质体protoplast原生质体融合protoplast fusion原生质体再生protoplast regeneration 原养型prototroph原养菌prototrophic bacteria原囊壁子囊prototunicate ascus原生动物protozoan原生动物学protozoology原病毒provirus假菌丝体pseudomycelium拟侧丝pseudoparaphysis假肽聚糖pseudopeptidoglycan拟包被pseudoperidium假隔膜pseudoseptum假型病毒pseudotype virus假病毒体pseudovirion嗜冷[细]菌psychrophilic bacteria 纯培养pure cultivation纯培养物pure culture纯化purification纯化蛋白衍生物purified protein derivative, PPD 紫膜purple membrane紫色无硫细菌purple nonsulfur bacteria腐败putrefaction器孢子pycnidiospore分生孢子器pycnidium[锈菌]性孢子pycniospore [锈菌]性孢子器pycnium器菌核pycnosclerotium绿脓[菌]素pyocyanin绿脓杆菌溶血素pyocyanolysin 绿脓菌荧光素pyofluorescein 核菌pyrenomycetes致热原pyrogen曲Qu(raw starter)荚膜膨胀试验quellung test球拍状菌丝体racquet mycelium受体破坏酶receptor destroying enzyme, RDE受体recipient重组体recombinant重组recombination重组子recon重分配redistribution再接种reinoculation影印培养法replica plating复制replication病毒复制replication of virus复制周期replicative cycle复制子replicon生殖菌丝体reproductive mycelium 耐药[性决定]因子resistance determining factor抗药因子resistance factor耐药性转移因子resistance transfer factor, RTF分辨率resolving power静息细胞resting cell局限转导restricted transduction 逆[转]录病毒retro virus沤麻retting疫苗再接种revaccination逆[转]录酶reverse transcriptase 制反转录酶素revistin根霉促进素rhizopin根霉蝶呤rhizopterin根际微生物rhizospheric microorganism红假单胞菌素rhodopseudomonacin 核糖霉素ribostamycin, vistamycin 立克次氏体rickettsia利福霉素rifamycin龟裂杀菌素rimocidin环状染色体ring chromosome瑞斯托菌素ristocetin杆菌rod滚管培养法rolling tube cultivation 滚管技术rolling tube technique根瘤root nodule根瘤细菌root nodule bacteria蔷薇霉素rosamicin粗糙型菌落rough colony 粗糙型rough type红比霉素rubidomycin瘤胃微生物学rumen microbiology锈病rust disease锈菌rust fungi沙氏葡萄糖琼脂Sabouraud‘s dextrose agar糖化剂sacchariferous agents糖化作用saccharification相模霉素sagamicin盐霉素salinomycin沙门-志贺氏琼脂Salmonella-Shigella agar, S.S.agar腐生菌saprophytic bacteria腐生营养saprophytic nutrition腐生现象saprophytism八叠球菌sarcina肉瘤霉素sarkomycin卫星病毒satellite virus卫星现象satellitism扫描电[子显微]镜scanning electron microscope, SEM裂殖schizogenesis裂殖植物schizophyte菌核sclerotium线形孢子scolecospore暗细菌scotobacteria次生菌落secondary colony后发酵secondary fermentation继发性感染原secondary invader次生菌丝体secondary mycelium 次生演替secondary succession扇形突变secter mutation种子罐seeding tank酒母seeding yeast赛氏[细菌]滤器Seitz filter选择性培养基selective medium半连续[型]发酵semicontinuous fermentation半固体培养基semisolid medium半合成培养基semisynthetic medium 敏化细菌sensitized bacteria有隔菌丝septate hypha隔膜septum血清学鉴定serological identification 血清学特异性serological specificity 血清型serotype血清变型serovar刚毛seta性因子sex factor性丝sex pilus摇合培养shake cultivation振荡培养shake cultivation浅盘发酵shallow tray fermentation 鞘sheath鞘细菌sheathed bacteria制唾酸酶素siastatin嗜铁菌siderophilic bacteria青贮饲料silage单细胞蛋白single cell protein, SCP单粒包埋型病毒singly embedded virus 紫苏霉素sisomicin 斜面培养slant cultivation斜面培养物slant culture载玻片slide玻片培养slide cultivation玻片培养物slide culture粘细菌slime bacteria粘液层slime layer粘菌slime mold, slime mould 慢病毒slow virus涂片smear光滑型菌落smooth colony光滑型smooth type黑粉病smut disease黑粉菌smut fungi土壤微生物学soil microbiology固体培养基solid medium固态发酵solid state fermentation比生长速率specific growth rate无特定病原动物specific pathogen free animals, SPFA壮观霉素spectinomycin, actinospectacin精子团spermatium精子器spermogonium球状胞sphaerocyst原生质球spheroplast刺突spike螺旋菌丝spiral mycelium螺旋霉素spiramycin螺[旋]菌spirilla 酸败spoilage自然发生说，无生源说spontaneous generation, abiogenesis孢囊果sporangiocarp小孢子囊sporangiole孢囊柄sporangiophore孢囊孢子sporangiospore孢[子]囊sporangium孢子spore芽孢spore孢子球spore ball孢子印spore print杀芽孢剂sporicide分生孢子座sporodochium有孢子酵母菌sporogenous yeasts 孢子梗sporophore。
微生物学英汉词汇
微生物学英汉词汇6-aminopenicillanic acid 6-氨基青霉烷酸adeno associated virus 腺伴随病毒agaricinic acid 蘑菇酸ambrosia fungi 虫道真菌Ames test 埃姆斯试验anaerobic chamber 厌氧培养室archaebacteria 古细菌archetista 古始生物界ascosporulation 子囊孢子形成asymbiotic nitrogen fixation 非共生固氮作用attenuatio 减毒作用autotrophic succession 自养演替axenic cultivation 纯性培养axenic culture 纯性培养物base-plate hub [噬菌体]基片插孔basidiospore 担孢子beef extract 牛肉膏biochemical medium 生化培养基biovar 生物变型cell line 细胞系clamp cell 锁状细胞cleistocarp 闭囊果coccus 球菌co-cultivation 协同培养commensalism 偏利共栖compensative eyepiece 补偿目镜complex symmetry 复合对称conditional lethal 条件致死conditional mutant 条件突变株continuous fermentation 连续发酵cord factor 索状因子corynebacteria 棒状菌cover glass 盖玻片culture transfering 移种dark-field 暗视野deep colony 深层菌落Differential interference contrast microscope, DICM [分辨]干涉差显微镜diphtheria toxin 白喉毒素diplococcus 双球菌discocarp 盘状子囊果drug susceptibility 药物敏感性dry heat sterilization 干热灭菌early genes [病毒]早期基因efficiency of plating 成斑效率enriched medium 滋养培养基enterovirus 肠道病毒epibasidium 上担子erythrogenic toxin 红斑毒素extreme bacteria 极端细菌fermentation capacity 发酵[能]力Fernbach flask 冯巴赫瓶fiber antigen [噬菌体]尾丝抗原food poisoning 食物中毒fractional cultivation 分部培养[法] germ-free animal 无菌动物germ-free plant 无菌植物Gram-positive bacteria 革兰氏阳性菌hanging drop method 悬滴法heat fixation 热固定hemagglutination inhibition 血凝抑制heterocyst 异形[囊]胞hexonmer,hexons [病毒]六邻体H-O variation H-O 变异homobasidium 同担子hydrogen sulfide production test 硫化氢试验hydrogenogens 产氢菌hymenium 子实层hyphal body 虫菌体immune adherence hemagglutination assay, IAHA免疫粘连血凝测定in vitro 体外inclusion body 包含体India-ink capsule staining 墨汁荚膜染色indole test 吲哚试验infectious dose 50%, ID 50 半感染剂量initial body [衣原体]始体inoculating needle 接种针inoculation hood 接种箱invert microscope 倒置显微镜isolation medium 分离培养基Koester's stain 柯斯特染料Lancefield's streptococcalgrouping test蓝氏链球菌分群试验leghaemoglobin 豆血红蛋白Leifson's flagella staining 赖夫松鞭毛染色lipopolysaccharides 脂多糖类Loeffler's methylene blue 吕氏甲烯蓝log phase 对数期Lugol's iodine solution 鲁戈氏碘液lysis inhibition [噬菌体]裂解阻抑lysogenic bacteria 溶原性细菌main fermentation 主发酵mesophilic bacteria 中温菌methanochondria 甲烷粒体microbial sensor 微生物传感器microbiology 微生物学microcyst 微包囊monotricha 单鞭毛菌mucoid colony 粘液型菌落muramic acid 胞壁酸mycoderm, pellicle [菌]醭negative strand 负链neurovirulence 神经毒力nitrogen fixation 固氮作用normal flora 正常菌群nutrient broth 营养肉汤O antigen 菌体抗原oil immersion objective 油浸物镜oligodynamic action 微[量]动[力]作用oomycetes 卵菌organotrophic bacteria 有机营养菌paleomicrobiology 古微生物学pantropic virus 泛嗜性病毒pathotype 致病型pentomer,pentons [病毒]五邻体peplomerbody 包膜突起perfringocin 产气荚膜梭菌素periplasmic space 壁膜间隙petroleum microbiology 石油微生物学phase contrast microscope 相差显微镜phenol coefficient 石炭酸系数phenotypic mixing 表型混杂photoheterotrophic bacteria 光能异养菌phycocyanobilin 藻蓝胆素phyllospheric microorganism 叶际微生物pilot protein [噬菌体]先导蛋白plate 平板plate streaking 平板划线pock assay 痘疱试验primary succession 原生演替prodigiosus toxin 灵菌毒素protophyte 原生植物prototunicate ascus 原囊壁子囊purple membrane 紫膜replica plating 影印培养法resistance factor 抗药因子resolving power 分辨率resting cell 静息细胞rhizospheric microorganism 根际微生物rod 杆菌rust fungi 锈菌satellite virus 卫星病毒secondary succession 次生演替seta 刚毛shallow tray fermentation 浅盘发酵sheathed bacteria 鞘细菌single cell protein, SCP 单细胞蛋白singly embedded virus 单粒包埋型病毒slime layer 粘液层smooth type 光滑型smut fungi 黑粉菌spreading factor 扩散因子stab culture 穿刺培养物stationary phase 稳定期stroma 子座tail fiber [噬菌体]尾丝thermal death point 热[致]死点thermophilric bacteria 耐热细菌tissue culture 组织培养top fermentation 上面发酵trichome [细菌]毛状体Triphenyl tetrazolium chloridemethod, TTCM氯化三苯基四氮唑法tuberculin unit, TU 结核菌素单位uredostage 夏孢子期vaccinetherapy, vaccinotherapy 菌苗疗法valinomycin, aminomycin 缬氨霉素veterinary microbiology 兽医微生物学X factor X 因子X-body X体yeast like colony 类酵母型菌落α-inhibitor[流感病毒]α抑制物] auxanography 生长谱测定[法]50% lethal dose, LD 50 半数致死量50% tissue culture infective dose, TCID 50 半数组织培养感染量7-aminocephalosporinic acid 7-氨基头孢菌酸abjunction [孢子]切落ablastin 抑殖素abortin 流产菌素abstriction [孢子]缢断acervulus 分生孢子盘acetification 醋化作用acetogen 产乙酸菌achromatic lens 消色差透镜acid-fast staining 抗酸细菌染色法acidification 酸化作用acidophilic bacteria 嗜酸菌aclacinomycin 阿克拉霉素acrospore 顶生孢子actidione, cycloheximide 放线酮actinomycetes 放线菌actinomycin 放线菌素activated sludge 活性污泥active dry yeast 活性干酵母adenovirus 腺病毒adhesin 粘附素adriamycin 阿霉素aeciospore 锈孢子aecium 锈子器aerial mycelium 气生菌丝体aerobe 需氧菌aerobic cultivation 需氧培养aerobic respiration 需氧呼吸aerobiosis 需氧生活aerogen 产气菌aerotaxis 趋氧性aerotorelant bacteria 耐氧菌aethalium 粘菌体aflatoxin 黄曲霉毒素agar 琼脂agar plate 琼脂平板agar slant 琼脂斜面agarfitine 伞菌氨酸agaricin 蘑菇素aggressin 攻击素aggressivity 攻击力aging 陈酿化agricultural microbiology 农业微生物学agrobacteriocin 土壤杆菌素akinete 静息孢子Albert's staining 阿氏染色aleuriospore 侧生孢子algocyan, leucocyan 藻蓝素allantospore 腊肠形孢子allelopathic substances 异株克生物质allelopathy 异种克生[现象] allophycocyanin 别藻蓝素ambutyrosin 氨丁苷菌素amensalism 偏害共栖American Type CultureCollection, ATCC美国模式培养物保藏所amerospore 无隔孢子ammonification 氨化作用amphitrichate 两端单[鞭]毛菌amphitrophy 兼性营养amphotericin 两性霉素amylo process 阿明露法anaerobe 厌氧菌anaerobic cultivation 厌氧培养anaerobic digestion 厌氧消化anaerobic respiration 厌氧呼吸anaerobiosis 厌氧生活anaerogen 不产气菌anamorph 无性型anastomosis [菌丝]融合androgamete 雄配子androgenesis 雄核发育androphore 雄器柄androspore 产雄器孢子annellospore 环痕孢子annulus 菌环anoxyphotobacteria 无氧光细菌ansamitocin 安丝菌素antagonism 拮抗作用anthelmycin 抗蠕霉素antheridium 雄器antibacterial agent 抗菌剂antibiotic 抗生素antibiotic spectrum 抗生谱antidiphtheric serum 抗白喉血清antifoam agent 消泡剂antifungal agent 抗真菌剂antigenic drift 抗原性漂移antigenic shift 抗原性转变antilysin 抗溶[菌]素antimetabolites 抗代谢物antimicrobial agent 抗微生物剂antimycin 抗霉素antisepsis 防腐antiseptic 防腐剂antiserum 抗血清antitoxin 抗毒素apex [噬菌体]顶体apical capsomere [噬菌体]顶部壳粒apicle 顶体aplasmomycin 除疟霉素apochromatic lens 全消色差透镜apogamy 无配生殖apomixis 无融合生殖apophysis 囊托apothecium 子囊盘appendage [菌体]附器apramycin 阿泊拉霉素aquatic microbiology 水生微生物学arbovirus 虫媒病毒Arnold steam sterilizor 流通蒸汽灭菌器arthroconidium 节分生孢子arthrospore 节孢子ascocarp 子囊果ascogenous hypha 产囊丝ascogonium 产囊体ascomycetes 子囊菌ascospore 子囊孢子ascostroma 子囊座ascus 子囊aseptic technique 无菌操作aspergillin 曲霉菌素aspertoxin 曲霉毒素asporogenous yeasts 无孢子酵母菌assembly [病毒]装配assimilation 同化作用associated virus 伴随病毒attenuated strain 减毒株autoclave 高压灭菌器autoclaving 高压灭菌autoinoculation 自身接种autolysin 自溶素autolysis 自溶[现象] automatic airlock 自动气锁autotrophic bacteria 自养菌autotrophy 自养autovaccine 自身疫苗autovaccine 自身菌苗auxanogram 生长谱auxotroph 营养缺陷型avermectin 除虫菌素axial filament 轴丝azotogen 固氮菌剂azygospore 拟接合孢子azygote 单性合子bacitracin 杆菌肽bacteremia 菌血症bacteria 细菌bacterial colony counter 菌落计数器bacterial vaccine 菌苗bacterial virulence 细菌毒力bactericide 杀细菌剂bactericidin 杀[细]菌素bacteriochlorophyll [细]菌[叶]绿素bacteriocin 细菌素bacterioerythrin 菌红素bacteriofluorescein 细菌荧光素bacteriology 细菌学bacteriolysis 溶菌作用bacteriolytic reaction 溶[细]菌反应bacteriophage 噬菌体bacteriophage typing 噬菌体分型bacteriophagology 噬菌体学bacteriopurpurin 菌紫素bacteriorhodopsin [细菌]紫膜质bacteriosome 细菌小体bacteriostasis 抑菌作用bacteriostat 抑菌剂bacteriotoxin 细菌毒素bacteriotropin 亲菌素bacteroid 类菌体ballistospore 掷孢子barophilic bacteria 嗜压菌base-plate fibril [噬菌体]基片丝base-plate wedge [噬菌体]基片楔突basic medium 基础培养基basidiocarp 担子果basidiomycetes 担子菌basidiophore 担子体basidium 担子batch cultivation 分批培养batch fermentation [罐]批发酵BCG vaccine 卡介苗bean sprouts medium 豆芽汁培养基beef broth 牛肉汁bicyclomycin 双环霉素binary fission 二分分裂binocular microscope 双目显微镜bioassay 生物测定bioconversion 生物转化biogas 沼气biological control 生物防治biological products 生物制品biomass 生物量biomass 生物质biosphere 生物圈biotype 生物型biphasic cultivation 双相培养bipolar staining 两极染色bitunicate ascus 双囊壁子囊blasticidin 杀稻瘟素blastoconidium 芽分生孢子blastospore 芽生孢子bleomycin 博来霉素blind passage 盲传blooms 水华bottom fermentation 下面发酵bottom yeast 下面酵母bran koji 麸曲brewing 酿造brewing technique 酿造技术bright field microscope 明视野显微镜broth cultivation 肉汤培养broth culture 肉汤培养物brucellin 布氏菌素budding 芽殖burst size [噬菌体]裂解量butirosin, butyrosin 丁苷菌素candicidin 杀假丝菌素candle jar 烛罐capillitium 孢丝capreomycin, capromycin 卷曲霉素capsid [病毒]壳体capsomer, capsomere [病毒]壳粒capsule 荚膜carbol fuchsin 石炭酸品红carbon balance 碳平衡carboxydotrophic bacteria 一氧化碳营养菌carminomycin 洋红霉素carotenoids 类葫萝卜素carrier 带[病]毒者carrier 带菌者carrier phage 载体噬菌体carriomycin 腐霉素casamino acids[水解]酪蛋白氨基酸caulobacteria 柄细菌cedar oil 香柏油celesticetin 天青菌素cell strain 细胞株cellulase 纤维素酶central spore 中生芽孢centrum 壳心cephalosporin 头孢菌素cephalotricha 单端丛[鞭]毛菌chemoautotrophic bacteria 化能自养菌chemoautotrophy 化能自养chemoheterotrophic bacteria 化能异养菌chemolithotrophic bacteria 化能无机营养菌chemolithotrophy 化能无机营养chemoorganotrophic bacteria 化能有机营养菌chemoorganotrophy 化能有机营养chemostat 恒化器chemotaxis 趋化性chemotherapy 化学疗法chemotrophy 化能营养chemotropism 向化性chemotype 化学型chemovar 化学变型China Committee for CultureCollection of Microorganisms,中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会CCCCMChinese Society forMicrobiology, CSM 中国微生物学会chlamydia 衣原体chlamydospore 厚壁孢子chloromycetin, chloramphenicol 氯霉素chloroteracycline, aureomycin 金霉素chromatophore 载色体chromogenic bacteria 产色细菌chromomycin 色霉素chuangxinmycin 创新霉素Chu-inhibitor ,β－inhibitor [流感病毒]朱氏抑制物chytrid 壶菌cirrus 孢子角clamp connection 锁状联合clavulanic acid 棒酸cleistothecium 闭囊壳climax community 顶极群落clindamycin 氯林肯霉素clitocybine 杯伞素clone 克隆closed growth system 封闭生长系统cluster 聚簇clypeus 盾状体coagulase 凝固酶coagulase factor 凝固酶因子coccobacillus 球杆菌cococarde 半透明型突变噬斑coenocyte 多核细胞coenogamete 多核配子coenosporangium 多核孢子囊coenospore 多核孢子coenozygote 多核合子coenzyme M 辅酶Mco-immobilization 共固定化作用colicin, colicine 大肠菌素colicinogenic factor 大肠杆菌素生成因子coliform group 大肠菌类coli-index 大肠[杆]菌指数colistin 粘菌素colititre 大肠[杆]菌值collar [噬菌体]颈部collarette 囊领colony 菌落colony forming units, CFU 菌落形成单位columella 囊轴combined vaccine 联合疫苗companions 伴生种compatibility 相容性competence 感受态competition 兢争[共栖] complementation 互补complete medium 完全培养基concatemer [噬菌体]串联体concave slide 凹玻片conditioned pathogen 条件致病菌conidiocarp 分生孢子果conidiophore 分生孢子梗conidium 分生孢子conjugate division [噬菌体]接合分裂conjugation 接合[作用] connector [噬菌体]颈圈consortium 聚生体constriction 缢缩[作用] contaminant 污染物contamination 污染continuous cultivation 连续培养continuous sterilization 连续灭菌cooked meat medium 庖肉培养基coprinin 鬼伞菌素cordycepin 蛹虫草菌素core [噬菌体]髓部core 核心coremium 菌丝束cortex [芽孢]皮层cortinellin 香菇菌素cosmid 粘粒counterstaining 对染[法]critical killing dilution 临界杀菌浓度cross reactivation 交叉复活cryopreservation 深低温保藏[法]cryptic prophage 隐性前噬菌体cryptobiosis 隐生现象cubical symmetry 立体对称cultivation 培养culture 培养物culture flask 培养瓶cup fungi 盘菌curing [噬菌体]自愈cyanobacteria 蓝细菌cyanophycin 藻青素cyanophycin granule 藻青素颗粒cycloserine 环丝氨酸cyclosporin 环孢菌素cylinder plate method 杯碟法cystidium 囊状体cytochalasin 松胞菌素cytomycin 胞霉素cytopathic effect, CPE 致细胞病变[效应] cytoplasmic polyhedrosisvirus,CPV 质型多角体病毒Daqu (massive raw stater foralcholic liquor) 大曲dark-field microscope 暗视野显微镜dark-field microscopy 暗视野显微术daughter colony 子菌落daunomycin 道诺霉素decline phase 衰亡期decomposer 分解者defective interfering particle 干扰缺损颗粒defective mutant [病毒]缺损突变株defective virus 缺损病毒defined medium 确定成分培养基dehydrated medium 干燥培养基denitrification 反硝化作用denitrifying bacteria 反硝化细菌densovirus,DNV 浓核病毒dermatonecrotoxin 皮肤坏死毒素destomycin 越霉素deterioration 生物致劣determinative bacteriology 鉴定细菌学diagnostic microbiology 诊断微生物学dialysis cultivation 透析培养diary microbiology 乳品微生物学diauxie growth curve 双峰生长曲线dictyospore 砖格孢子didymospore 双胞孢子differential medium 鉴别培养基differential staining 鉴别染色法dilution method 稀释法dilution-plate method 稀释平板分离法dimorphic fungi 双态性真菌dimorphism 双态现象dipicolinic acid, DPA 2,6-吡啶二羧酸diplobacillus 双杆菌disinfectant 消毒剂disinfection 消毒dispore 双孢担孢子dissimilation 异化作用distamycin 偏端霉素donor 供体dormancy 休眠doubling time 倍增时间drug resistant gene 抗药基因drug resistant strain 抗药性菌株drug-resistance 抗药性Durham's fermentation tub 杜氏发酵管dwarf colony 侏儒型菌落dysbacteriosis 菌群失调early protein [病毒]早期蛋白eburicoic acid 齿孔酸ECHO virus 艾柯病毒eclipse period 隐蔽期ectendomycorrhiza 内外生菌根ectomycorrhiza 外生菌根ectothrix 毛外癣菌elater 弹丝electron microscope 电[子显微]镜elementary body 原[生小]体EMB agar 伊红甲烯蓝琼脂endobasidium 内生担子endoconidium 内分生孢子endogenenous variable 内源变量endogenous virus 内源病毒endomycorrhiza 内生菌根Endo's medium 远藤培养基endospore 内生孢子endosymbiosis 内共生endothrix 毛内癣菌endotoxin 内毒素enrichment medium 富集培养基enterococcin 肠球菌素enterotoxin 肠毒素entomogenous fungi 虫生真菌entomopathogen 昆虫病原微生物entomopox virus, EPV 昆虫痘病毒envelope antigen [病毒]包膜抗原envelope antigen [细菌]包被抗原envelope, peplos 包膜epidermolytic toxin 表皮溶解毒素epithecium 囊层被erythromycin 红霉素esterastin 抑酯酶素etiology 病原学eubacteria 真细菌eukaryote 真核生物eurythermal microorganism 广温微生物euvirus 真病毒everninomicin 扁枝衣霉素exfoliative toxin 剥脱性毒素exine 外壁exitine 芽孢外膜exospore 外生孢子exosporium [孢子]外壁exotoxin 外毒素exponential growth 指数生长extracellular enzyme 胞外酶factor 420 420 因子facultative anaerobe 兼性厌氧菌fastidious microorganism 苛求菌favic chandelier mycelium 黄癣菌丝feed back inhibition 反馈抑制fermentability 可发酵性fermentation 发酵fermenter 发酵罐fermicutes 硬壁[细]菌类fertility factor 致育因子Feulgen staining 富尔根染色fibrinolysin 溶纤维蛋白溶酶filamentous type colony 丝状型菌落filtration sterilization 过滤除菌fimbrium [噬菌体]伞毛fixed virus [狂犬病]固定毒flagellar antigen 鞭毛抗原flagellar basal body 鞭毛基体flagellin 鞭毛蛋白flagellum 鞭毛flat sour bacteria 平罐酸败菌flat-sour spoilage 平[罐]酸败flax retting 亚麻浸渍flora 菌群flora 区系fluorescence microscop 荧光显微镜food microbiology 食品微生物学foot cell 足细胞foot cell 脚胞forespore 前芽孢formycin 间型霉素fortimicin 健霉素fosfomycin, phosphonomycin 磷霉素foulbrood [蜜蜂]幼虫腐臭病fragmentation 断裂French cell press 弗氏[细胞]压碎器fruiting body 子实体fungi 真菌fungistat 抑真菌剂funiculus 菌丝索fusarinic acid 镰孢菌酸fuseau 顶生厚壁孢子gametangial copulation 配囊交配gametangium 配子囊gamete 配子gametocyte 配子母细胞gas vacuole 气泡GC values GC值gelatine liquefication 明胶液化gene cluster 基因簇gene transfer 基因转移general microbilogy 普通微生物学genetic transformation 遗传转化genotype 基因型gentamicin 艮他霉素geosmins [放线菌]土臭味素germ pore 芽孔germ slit 芽缝germ tube 芽管germicides 杀菌剂ghost 菌蜕giant colony 巨大菌落gleba 产孢体gliding 滑行gliding bacteria 滑行细菌gliotoxin 胶霉毒素glucose effect 葡萄糖效应glycocalyx 多糖包被gnotobiology 悉生生物学gnotobiote 悉生生物gonidium 微生子gougerotin 谷氏菌素gracilicutes 薄壁[细]菌类gradient plate 梯度平板Gram staining 革兰氏染色gramicidin 短杆菌肽Gram-negative bacteria 革兰氏阴性菌granule 颗粒体granulin 颗粒体蛋白granulose 细菌淀粉粒granulosis virus, GV 颗粒体症病毒grisein 灰霉素griseofulvin 灰黄霉素growth factor 生长因子Guarnieri's bodies 顾氏小体haemolysis 溶血[作用]halophilic bacteria 嗜盐菌hamathecium 囊间丝HBcAg乙型肝炎核心抗原HBeAg 乙型肝炎e抗原HBsAg 乙型肝炎表面抗原head [噬菌体]头部helical symmetry 螺旋对称helicospore 卷旋孢子helper virus 辅助病毒hemadsorption, HD 血细胞吸附hemagglutination, HA 血细胞凝集hemagglutinin 血凝素hemibasidium 半担子hemolysin 溶血素hemolytic test 溶血试验herbicidin 除莠菌素herbimycin 除莠霉素heterobasidium 隔担子heterofermentation 异型发酵heterofermentative lactic bacteria 异型发酵乳酸菌heterogamete 异形配子heterogamy 异配生殖heterology 异源性heterothallism 异宗配合heterotrophic bacteria 异养菌heterotrophic potential 异养潜能heterotrophic succession 异养演替heterotrophy 异养heterozygosis 杂合[现象] heterozygote 异形合子high frequency of recombination,Hfr 高频重组high power objective 高倍物镜holdfast 固着器holobasidium无隔担子holomorph 全型holomycin 全霉素homoacetogenic bacteria 同型[产]乙酸细菌homofermentation 同型发酵homofermentative lactic bacteria 同型发酵乳酸菌homoimmune phage 同源免疫噬菌体homology 同源性homothallism 同宗配合hormogonium [蓝细菌]连锁体host range mutant 宿主范围突变株hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶hydrogenotrophic bacteria 氢营养菌hydrogen-producing acetogenicbacteria 产氢产乙酸细菌hygromycin 潮霉素hymenophore 子实层体hypha 菌丝hyphal fragment 菌丝段hypholytic action 溶菌丝作用hyphopodium 附着枝hypnosporangium 休眠孢子囊hypnospore 休眠孢子hypobasidium 下担子hypogeal fungi 地下真菌hypostroma 下子座hypothallus 囊基膜hypothecium 囊层基hysterothecium 缝裂壳icosahedral symmetry 二十面体对称icosahedron capsid 二十面[体]壳体identification 鉴定idiotroph 特需营养要求型ilamycin 岛霉素immobilized cell 固定化细胞imperfect fungi 半知菌IMViC tes 吲哚、甲基红、V-P、柠檬酸试验in situ cultivation 原位培养in vivo 体内incineration 烧灼灭菌inclusion granule 内含颗粒incubator 培养箱indicator 指示菌indigenous flora 土著菌群indigenous flora 土著区系induced variation 诱发变异inducible phage [可]诱导噬菌体indusium 菌裙industrial microbiology 工业微生物学infection 侵染infection 感染infection 传染infectious center 侵染中心infectious center 感染中心infective dose, ID 侵染剂量infective dose, ID 感染剂量infectivity 侵染性infectivity 感染性inoculating loop 接种环inoculation, inoculating, inoculate 接种inoculum 接种物inoperculatae 无囊盖类interference 干扰[现象] interferon 干扰素International Union of Microbiological Societies, IUMS 国际微生物学会联合会interspecies H transfer 种间分子氢转移intestinal bacteria 肠道细菌intine 芽孢内膜intracellular enzym 胞内酶invasiveness 侵袭力involution form 衰老型irido virus 虹彩病毒iron bacteria 铁细菌isogametangium 同形配子囊isogamete 同形配子isogamy 同配生殖isolation 分离isospore 同形孢子istamycin 天神霉素ive bacterial vaccine 活菌苗ivermectin 双氢除虫菌素josamycin 交沙霉素kanamycin 卡那霉素kasugamycin 春日霉素killer particle 致死颗粒koji 日本酒曲kojic acid 曲酸Kolle flask 克氏瓶Kolmer test 科氏试验Kovac's oxidase reagent 柯氏Kovac's reagent 柯氏试剂lag phase 延滞期lambda particles phage λ噬菌体lapinization 兔化法lapinized virus 兔化毒late culture 平板培养物late genes [病毒]晚期基因late protein [病毒]晚期蛋白latent virus 潜伏病毒lawn 菌苔leaky mutant 渗漏突变体lens 透镜lepromin 麻风菌素leucocidin 杀白细胞素leucolysin 白细胞溶素leucomycin 柱晶白霉素L-form of bacterium 细菌L-型lincomycin 林可霉素liquid koji 液体曲liquid medium 液体培养基liquid nitrogen cryopreservation 液氮保藏[法] liquid state fermentation 液态发酵lithotrophic bacteria 无机营养菌litmus milk 石蕊牛奶live vaccine 活疫苗locule 子囊腔Loeffler's serum medium 吕氏血清培养基lophotricha 丛[鞭]毛菌low power objective 低倍物镜low virulent strain 弱毒株luminous bacteria 发光细菌lyophilization 冻干[保藏]法lysogenesis 溶原现象lysogenic conversion 溶原性转换lysogenization 溶原化lysogeny 溶原性lysostaphin 溶葡萄球菌素lysozyme 溶菌酶lytic cycle 裂解周期Macchiavello's staining 麦氏[立克次氏体]染色MacConkey medium 麦氏培养基macroconidium 大分生孢子magnification 放大率malachite green solution 孔雀石绿溶液mallein test [马]鼻疽菌素试验malt wort 麦芽汁Mandler filter 曼德勒尔滤器manual airlock 手动气锁marine microbiology 海洋微生物学mash 醪液matachromatic granules 异染粒mating type 交配型maytenin 美登素meat extract 肉膏medical microbiology 医学微生物学medium 培养基membrane filter 薄膜滤器mendosicutes 疵壁[细]菌类merosporangium 柱孢子囊mesosome 间体mesotrophy 半自养metabiosis 代谢共栖methanogen 产甲烷菌methanogenesis 产甲烷[作用] methyl red test 甲基红试验methylene blue reduction test 甲烯蓝还原试验methylotrophic bacteria 甲基营养菌methylotrophy 甲基营养methymycin 酒霉素metulae 梗基microaerobe 微需氧菌microbial biochemistry 微生物生物化学microbial ecology 微生物生态学microbial ecosystem 微生物生态系统microbial genetics 微生物遗传学microbial leaching 微生物浸矿microbial pesticide 微生物杀虫剂microbial physiology 微生物生理学microbial taxonomy 微生物分类学microbody 微体microcapsule 微荚膜microconidium 小分生孢子microflora 微生物区系micromanipulation 显微操作micromanipulator 显微操作器micronutrient 微量营养microorganism 微生物microscope 显微镜microscope condenser 显微镜集光器microscopic examination 镜检microscopic Widal agglutination test 显微肥达氏凝集试验millipore filter 微孔滤器minimal infecting dose, MID 最小感染量minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC 最小抑菌浓度minimal lethal dose, MLD 最小致死量mithramycin 光神霉素mitomycin 丝裂霉素mixed cultivation 混合培养mixed culture 混合培养物mold, mould 霉菌mollicutes 柔膜细菌monensin 莫能菌素monomorphism 单形现象monster [噬菌体]畸形体morphotype 形态型morphovar 形态变型most probable number method,MPNM 最大机率法most probable number, MPN 最大机率数multicomponent virus 多分体病毒multiple embedded virus 多粒包埋型病毒multiple fission 复分裂muscarine 毒蝇碱mushrooms 蘑菇mutagen 诱变剂mutagenesis 诱变mutant 突变体mutation 突变mutualism 互利共栖mycelianamide 菌丝酰胺mycelium 菌丝体mycelium pellet 菌丝球mycetism 真菌中毒mycetosome 含菌细胞mycocide 杀真菌剂mycolic acid 分枝菌酸mycology 真菌学mycomycin 菌霉素mycophage 真菌噬菌体mycophenolic acid 霉酚酸mycorrhiza 菌根mycorrhizal fungi 菌根真菌mycotoxin 真菌毒素mycovirus 真菌病毒mydecamycin, midecamycin 麦迪霉素mykol 真菌醇myxospore 粘孢子naked virion 裸露病毒[粒]体natural medium 天然培养基nebramycin 暗霉素necroparsite 致坏死寄生物necrosis virus 坏死病毒negative staining 负染[色法] Negri's body 内氏小体neomycin 新霉素netropsin 纺锤菌素neuraminidase 神经氨酸酶neurotoxicity 神经毒性neurotoxin 神经毒素neutralism 无关共栖neutralization tes 中和试验nitragin 根瘤菌剂nitrate reduction test 硝酸盐还原试验nitrification 硝化作用nitrobacteria 硝化细菌nitrogen balance 氮平衡nitrogen fixing bacteria 固氮细菌nocardin 诺卡菌素nodular mycelium 结节状菌丝nonseptate hypha 无隔菌丝novobiocin 新生霉素nuclear polyhedrosis virus, NPV 核型多角体病毒nucleocapsid 核壳nucleoid 类核numerical taxonomy 数值分类法nutrient agar 营养琼脂nystatin 制霉菌素objective 物镜obligate anaerobe 专性厌氧菌ochratoxin 赭曲毒素ocular 目镜ocular micrometer 目镜测微计O-D variation [流感病毒]O-D相变异oidiophore 粉孢子梗oidium 粉孢子old culture 老培养物old tuberculin, OT 旧结核菌素oleandomycin 竹桃霉素oligonitrophilic bacteria 微嗜氮菌oligotrophic bacteria 贫[营]养细菌oncovirus 肿瘤病毒one step growth 一步生长[曲线] oogamete 卵配子oogonium 藏卵器ooplasm 卵质oosphere 卵球oospore 卵孢子open fermentation 敞口发酵open growth system 开放生长系统operon 操纵子ophiobollin 蛇孢菌素opportunistic pathogen 机会致病菌osmophilic bacteria 嗜高渗细菌ostiole 孔口Oxford cup 牛津杯oxidase test 氧化酶试验oxygen requirement 需氧量oxyphotobacteria 生氧光细菌oxytropism 向氧性paraphysis 侧丝paraphysoid 类侧丝parasexuality 准性生殖parasitism 寄生parasporal crystal 伴胞晶体paromomycin 巴龙霉素passenger virus 过客病毒Pasteur effect 巴氏效应pasteurization 巴氏消毒法pathogen 病原体pathogenicity 致病性pathovar 致病变型patulin 展青霉素pectinafe mycelium 梳状菌丝pectinase 果胶酶pellicle 菌膜penetration [病毒]侵入penicillic acid 青霉酸penicillin 青霉素penicillinase 青霉素酶penicillus 帚状枝peptidoglycan 肽聚糖peptone [蛋白]胨peptone-yeast extract-glucose medium [蛋白]胨酵母膏葡萄糖培养基perfect fungi 完全真菌peridium 包被periphysis 周丝periphysoid 类周丝periplasmic flagella 周质鞭毛perithecium 子囊壳peritricha 周[鞭]毛菌permease 通透酶pesticin 鼠疫菌素Petri dish 培养皿Pfeiffer's phenomenon 费氏[溶菌]现象phagetype 噬菌体型phagevar 噬菌体变型phalloidin 鬼笔[毒]环肽phasmid 噬粒phenotype 表型phialide 瓶梗phialospore 瓶梗孢子phosphorus balance 磷平衡photo-assimilation 光同化作用photoautotrophic bacteria 光能自养菌photoautotrophy 光能自养photolithotrophic bacteria 光能无机营养菌photolithotrophy 光能无机营养photoorganotrophic bacteria 光能有机营养菌photoorganotrophy 光能有机营养photoreactivation 光复活作用photosynthetic bacteria 光合作用细菌phototaxis 趋光性phototrophic bacteria 光养菌phototrophy 光营养phototropism 向光性phragmobasidium 有隔担子phragmospore 多隔孢子phycobilin 藻胆素phycobiliprotein 藻胆蛋白phycobilisome 藻胆蛋白体phycocyanin 藻青蛋白phycoerythrin 藻红蛋白phycoerythrobilin 藻红[胆]素phycophage 噬藻体phytocidin 植物杀菌素phytotoxin 毒植物素pileus 菌盖pilin 菌毛蛋白pilus 菌毛planozygote 游动合子plaque 噬斑plaque 蚀斑plaque forming unit,PFU 蚀斑形成单位plaque mutants 噬斑突变株plasmid 质粒plasmid incompatibility 质粒不相容性plate cultivation 平板培养plating 平板接种pneumolysin肺炎[链]球菌溶血素pneumotoxin 肺炎球菌毒素poisonous mushroom 毒蘑菇polyauxotroph 多重营养缺陷型polyhead [噬菌体]聚合头部polyhedrin 多角体蛋白polyhedron 多角体polyhedrosis virus 多角体病毒polymorphism 多态[现象]polymorphism 多形现象polymyxin 多粘菌素polyoxin 多氧菌素polysheath [噬菌体]聚合尾鞘polysilicate plate 聚硅酸盐平板polyvalent bacterial vaccine 多价菌苗polyvalent vaccine 多价疫苗poly-β-hydroxy butyrate 聚β羟基丁酸盐pontaneous generation, abiogenesis 自然发生说，无生源说pooled typing serum 混合分型血清porospore 孔出孢子positive strand 正链potato dextrose agar, PDA 马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂pour plate method 倾注培养predacious fungi 捕食真菌predation 捕食作用preprophage 前原噬菌体primary culture 原始培养物primary fermentation 前发酵primary invader 原发性感染原prodigiosin 灵菌红素productive infection[噬菌体]生产性感染progametangium 原配子囊progamete 原配子progenote 始祖生物prokaryote 原核生物promotor 启动子prophage 原噬菌体prosporangium 原孢子囊protein envelope 蛋白质包膜protista 原生生物protistology 原生生物学protobasidium 原担子protocooperation 初级合作protoplast 原生质体protoplast fusion 原生质体融合protoplast regeneration 原生质体再生prototroph 原养型prototrophic bacteria 原养菌protozoan 原生动物protozoology 原生动物学provirus 原病毒pseudomycelium 假菌丝体pseudoparaphysis 拟侧丝pseudopeptidoglycan 假肽聚糖pseudoperidium 拟包被pseudoseptum 假隔膜pseudotype virus 假型病毒pseudovirion 假病毒体psychrophilic bacteria 嗜冷[细]菌pure cultivation 纯培养pure culture 纯培养物purification 纯化purified protein derivative, PPD 纯化蛋白衍生物purple nonsulfur bacteria 紫色无硫细菌putrefaction 腐败pycnidiospore 器孢子pycnidium 分生孢子器pycniospore [锈菌]性孢子pycnium [锈菌]性孢子器pycnosclerotium 器菌核pyocyanin 绿脓[菌]素pyocyanolysin 绿脓杆菌溶血素pyofluorescein 绿脓菌荧光素pyrenomycetes 核菌pyrogen 致热原Qu(raw starter) 曲quellung test 荚膜膨胀试验racquet mycelium 球拍状菌丝体receptor destroying enzyme, RDE 受体破坏酶recipient 受体recombinant 重组体recombination 重组recon 重组子redistribution 重分配reinoculation 再接种replication 复制replication of virus 病毒复制replicative cycle 复制周期replicon 复制子reproductive mycelium 生殖菌丝体resistance determining factor 耐药[性决定]因子resistance transfer factor, RTF 耐药性转移因子restricted transduction 局限转导retro virus 逆[转]录病毒retting 沤麻revaccination 疫苗再接种reverse transcriptase 逆[转]录酶revistin 制反转录酶素rhizopin 根霉促进素rhizopterin 根霉蝶呤rhodopseudomonacin 红假单胞菌素ribostamycin, vistamycin 核糖霉素rickettsia 立克次氏体rifamycin 利福霉素rimocidin 龟裂杀菌素ring chromosome 环状染色体ristocetin 瑞斯托菌素rolling tube cultivation 滚管培养法rolling tube technique 滚管技术root nodule 根瘤root nodule bacteria 根瘤细菌rosamicin 蔷薇霉素rough colony 粗糙型菌落rough type 粗糙型rubidomycin 红比霉素rust disease 锈病Sabouraud's dextrose agar 沙氏葡萄糖琼脂sacchariferous agents 糖化剂saccharification 糖化作用sagamicin 相模霉素salinomycin 盐霉素Salmonella-Shigella agar,S.S.agar 沙门-志贺氏琼脂saprophytic bacteria 腐生菌saprophytic nutrition 腐生营养saprophytism 腐生现象sarcina 八叠球菌sarkomycin 肉瘤霉素satellitism 卫星现象scanning electron microscope,SEM 扫描电[子显微]镜schizogenesis 裂殖schizophyte 裂殖植物sclerotium 菌核scolecospore 线形孢子scotobacteria 暗细菌secondary colony 次生菌落secondary fermentation 后发酵secondary invader 继发性感染原secondary mycelium 次生菌丝体secter mutation 扇形突变seeding tank 种子罐seeding yeast 酒母Seitz filter 赛氏[细菌]滤器selective medium 选择性培养基semicontinuous fermentation半连续[型]发酵semisolid medium 半固体培养基semisynthetic medium 半合成培养基sensitized bacteria 敏化细菌septate hypha 有隔菌丝septum 隔膜serological identification 血清学鉴定serological specificity 血清学特异性serotype 血清型serovar 血清变型sex factor 性因子sex pilus 性丝shake cultivation 摇合培养shake cultivation 振荡培养sheath 鞘siastatin 制唾酸酶素siderophilic bacteria 嗜铁菌silage 青贮饲料sisomicin 紫苏霉素slant cultivation 斜面培养slant culture 斜面培养物slide 载玻片slide cultivation 玻片培养slide culture 玻片培养物slime bacteria 粘细菌slime mold, slime mould 粘菌slow virus 慢病毒smear 涂片smooth colony 光滑型菌落smut disease 黑粉病soil microbiology 土壤微生物学solid medium 固体培养基solid state fermentation 固态发酵specific growth rate 比生长速率specific pathogen free animals,SPFA 无特定病原动物spectinomycin, actinospectacin 壮观霉素spermatium 精子团spermogonium 精子器sphaerocyst 球状胞spheroplast 原生质球spike 刺突spiral mycelium 螺旋菌丝spiramycin 螺旋霉素spirilla 螺[旋]菌spoilage 酸败sporangiocarp 孢囊果sporangiole 小孢子囊sporangiophore 孢囊柄sporangiospore 孢囊孢子sporangium 孢[子]囊spore 孢子spore 芽孢spore ball 孢子球spore print 孢子印sporicide 杀芽孢剂sporodochium 分生孢子座sporogenous yeasts 有孢子酵母菌sporophore 孢子梗sporoplasm 孢原质sporulation 孢子形成sporulation 芽孢形成spread plate method 涂布培养法spreader 涂布器stab 穿刺stab cultivation 穿刺培养stage micrometer 镜台测微计stain 染色剂staining 染色法staining reaction 染色反应standard serum 标准血清staphylocoagulase [葡萄球菌]凝固酶staphylococcal protein A, SPA 葡萄球菌A蛋白staphylococcin 葡萄球菌素staphylolysin 葡萄球菌溶血毒素starter, culture starter 起子static cultivation 静止培养staurospore 星形孢子stenothermal microorganisms 狭温微生物stenothermophiles 嗜狭高温生物sterigma 小梗sterigmatocystin 柄曲霉素sterile 无菌sterile mycelium 不育菌丝体sterility test 无菌检查sterilization 灭菌sterilizer 灭菌器。
微生物英文词汇
microorganism微生物；bacterium细菌;Gram stain革兰染色；coccus球菌;bacillus 杆菌；vibro弧菌；peptidoglycan 肽聚糖;teichoic acid磷壁酸；lipopolysaccharide （LPS）脂蛋白;lipid A 脂质A；L formed bacteria L型细菌；mesosome中介体;plasmid质粒formed bacteria L型细菌;mesosome中介体；plasmid质粒；capsule, 荚膜；flagellum,鞭毛; pilus，菌毛；spore,芽胞Pyrogen，热原质；toxin,毒素；growth curve, 生长曲线Sterilization灭菌；disinfection消毒;autoclave压力蒸汽灭菌器；bacteriophage噬菌体;virulent phage毒性噬菌体；temperate phage 温和噬菌体transposable element转座元件;transposon转座子；mutation突变；transformation 转化；conjugation接合；transduction转导;lysogenic conversion溶原性转换pathogenicity 致病性；virulence毒力；exotoxin外毒素;endotoxin内毒素; normal flora正常菌群；conditioned pathogen机会致病菌；opportunistic infection机会性感染specimens标本；isolation分离；identification鉴定;artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫；artificial passive immunization人工被动免疫；vaccine疫苗；toxoid 类毒素；antitoxin抗毒素Staphlococcus葡萄球菌；Staphlococcus A protein葡萄球菌A蛋白；coagulase血浆凝固酶；enterotoxin肠毒素；Strptococcus链球菌；pyrogenic exotoxin致热外毒素；streptolysin链球菌溶素;hyaluronidase透明质酸酶E.coli大肠埃希菌;ETEC肠产毒性大肠埃希菌；EIEC肠侵袭性大肠埃希菌；EPEC 肠致病性大肠埃希菌；EHEC肠出血性大肠埃希菌；LT不耐热肠毒素；Shigella 志贺菌；Salmonella沙门菌Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌；Clostridium tetani 破伤风梭菌；C.perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌;C。
医学微生物词汇
微生物（microorganism)细菌（bacterium）原核细胞型（prokaryote）真核细胞型（eukayote）正常菌群（normal flora）条件致病菌（conditioned pathogen）机会致病菌（opportunistic pathogen）球菌（coccus）杆菌（bacillus弧菌（vibrio）螺菌（spirillum）支原体（mycoplasma）衣原体（chlamydia）原体（elementary body）网状体（reticulate body）包涵体（inclusion body）立克次体（rickettsia）肽聚糖（peptidoglycan）孔蛋白（porin）脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide，LPS)原生质体（protoplast）原生质球（spheroplast）中介体（mesosome）脂多糖（lypopolysaccharide,LPS）胞质颗粒（cytoplasmic granules）质粒（plasmid)F质粒（fertility plasmid）荚膜（capsule）鞭毛（flagellum）菌毛（pilus）定植（colonization）芽胞（spore）热原质（pyrogen）内毒素（endotoxin）外毒素（exotoxin）杆菌肽（bacitracin）细菌素（bactericin）专性需氧菌（obligate aerobe）微需氧菌（microaerophilic bacterium）兼性厌氧菌（facultative anaerobe）专性需氧菌（obligate anaerobe 种（species）属（genus）标准菌株（standard strain）病毒（virus）衣壳（capsid）核衣壳（nucleocasid）胞膜（peplomere）刺突（spike）吸附（adsortion）穿入（penetration）脱壳（uncoating）生物合成（biosynthesis）隐蔽期（eclipse period）复制中间型（replicative intermediate，RI）顿挫感染（abortive infection）缺陷病毒（defective virus）干扰现象（interference）灭活（inactivation）亚病毒（subvirus）类病毒（viroid）真菌（fungus）菌丝（hypha）孢子（spore）半数致死（median lethal dose，LD50）半数感染量（median infective dose，ID50）黏附（adhension）侵入（invasion）持续性病毒感染（persistent viral infection）潜伏感染（latent infection）慢发病毒感染（slow virus infection）持续性感染（persistent viral infection）致细胞病变作用（cytopathic effect, CPE)包涵体形成（inclusion body)细胞凋亡（apoptosis)外毒素（exotoxin）内毒素（endotoxin）细胞毒素（neurotoxin）神经毒素（cytotoxin）肠毒素（enterotoxin）超抗原（superantigen)外源性感染（exogenous infection)内源性感染（endogenous infection)性传播疾病（sexually transmitted disease,STD)毒血症（toxemia）脓毒血症（pyemia)内毒素血症（endotoxemia)败血症（septicemia）败血症（septicemia）菌血症（bacteremia）调亡（apoptosis）遗传（heredity）变异（variation）噬菌体（phage）毒性噬菌体（virulent phage）温和噬菌体（temperate phage）溶原性细菌（lysogenic bacterium）转座子（transposon Tn）插入序列（insertion sequence IS）复合转座子（complex Tn）顿挫感染（abortive infection）干扰素（IFN）突变（mutation）野生型（wild type）突变型（mutant）转化（trasformation）结合（conjugation）耐药传递因子（resistance transfer factor）转导（（transduction）完全转导（generalized transduction）流产转导（abortive trasduction）溶原性转换（lysogenicconversion）原生质体融合（protoplast fusion）重组（recombination）重配（reassortment）基因整合（gene integration）人工主动免疫（artificial active immunity）疫苗（vaccine）人工被动免疫（artificial passive immunity）消毒（disinfect）灭菌（sterilization）抑菌（bacteriostasia）抑菌剂（bacteriostat）防腐（antisepsis）无菌（asepsis）巴氏消毒法（pasteurization）滤过除菌法（filtration）滤菌器（filter）致病菌，病原菌（pathogenic bacterium，pathogen）非致病菌，非病原菌（nonpathogenic bacterium，nonpathogen）微生态学（microecology）生态平衡（eubiosis）生态失调（dysbiosis）菌群失调（dysbacteriosis）医院获得性感染（hospital acquired infection）医院内感染（nosocomial infection）弥散性血管内凝血（disseminated intravascular coagulation，DIC）内源性致热源（endogenous pyrogens）脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide，LPS）内毒素血症（endotoxemia）天然免疫（innate immunity）非特异性免疫（nonspecific immunity）外源性感染（exogenous infection）内源性感染（endogenous infection）隐性感染（inapparent infection）潜伏感染（latent infection）显性感染（apparent infection）亚临床感染（subclinical infection）急性感染（acute infection）慢性感染（(chronic infection)局部感染（local infection）全身感染（genetalized infection, systemic infection）毒血症（toxemia）菌血症（bacteremia）败血症（septicemia）脓毒血症（pyemia）葡萄球菌A蛋白（staphylococcal protein A, SPA）凝固酶（coagulase）链球菌溶素（SLO，SLS）感染免疫（infection immunity）动物源性疾病（zoonosis）外斐反应（Wail-Felix reaction）抗原漂移（antigenic drift）抗原转换（antigenic shift）开放读码框（open reading frame, ORF）半数细胞感染剂量（50％tissue culture infective dose, TCID50）细胞病变（cytopathic effect, CPE）干扰现象（interference）前病毒（provirus）顿挫感染（abortive infection）缺陷病毒（defective virus）非容许细胞（non-permissive cells）缺损干扰颗粒（defective interference particles, DIP）PrPsc PrPc Prion。
微生物常用单词
microbial [mai'krəubiəl]Adj.of or involving or caused by or being microbesadj. 微生物的；由细菌引起的metabolism [mi'tæbəlizəm, me-]n.1. the marked and rapid ransformation of a larva into an adult that occurs in some animals2. the organic processes (in a cell or organism) that are necessary for lifen. [生理] 新陈代谢crossroad ['krɔ:s,rəud]n.a junction where one street or road crosses anothern. 十字路口；交叉路；岔道；重大的抉择关头systematic [,sisti'mætik]adj.1. characterized by order and planningthe investigation was very systematic a systematic administrator2. not haphazardadj. 系统的；体系的；有系统的maximize ['mæksimaiz]v.1. make as big or large as possible2. make the most ofHe maximized his rolevt. 取…最大值；对…极为重视vi. 尽可能广义地解释；达到最大值nutrient ['nju:triənt]n.any substance that can be metabolized by an organism to give energy and build tissue adj.of or providing nourishmentn. 营养物；滋养物adj. 营养的；滋养的enzyme ['enzaim]n.any of several complex proteins that are produced by cells and act as catalysts in specific biochemical reactionsn. [生化] 酶elaborate [i'læbərət, i'læbəreit]v.1. add details, as to an account or idea; clarify the meaning of and discourse in a learned way, usually in writing2. produce from basic elements or sources; change into a more developed product3. make more complex, intricate, or richer4. work out in detail elaborate a planadj. 精心制作的；详尽的；煞费苦心的vt. 精心制作；详细阐述；从简单成分合成（复杂有机物）vi. 详细描述；变复杂pathway ['pɑ:θwei, 'pæθ-]n.1. a bundle of myelinated nerve fibers following a path through the brain2. a trodden pathn. 路，道；途径，路径catalyze ['kætəlaiz]v.change by catalysis or cause to catalyzevt. 催化；刺激，促进reactant [ri'æktənt, ri:-]n.a chemical substance that is present at the start of a chemical reactionn. [化学] 反应物；反应剂substrate ['sʌbstreit]n.1. the substance that is acted upon by an enzyme or ferment2. a surface on which an organism grows or is attachedthe gardener talked about the proper substrate for acid-loving plants3. any stratum or layer lying underneath anothern. 基质；基片；底层（等于substratum）；酶作用物linear ['liniə]adj.1. designating or involving an equation whose terms are of the first degree2. of or in or along or relating to a line; involving a single dimensiona linear measurement3. of a circuit or device having an output that is proportional to the inputlinear amplifier4. of a leaf shape; long and narrow5. measured lengthwiseadj. 线的，线型的；直线的，线状的；长度的cyclic ['saiklik]adj.1. conforming to the Carnot cycle2. botany; forming a whorl or having parts arranged in a whorlcyclic petals cyclic flowers3. of a compound having atoms arranged in a ring structure4. recurring in cycles5. marked by repeated cyclesadj. 环的；循环的；周期的molecule ['mɔlikjul]n.1. (physics and chemistry) the simplest structural unit of an element or compound2. (nontechnical usage) a tiny piece of anythingn. [化学] 分子；微小颗粒，微粒regenerate [ri'dʒenəreit, ri:-]v.1. reestablish on a new, usually improved, basis or make new or like new2. amplify (an electron current) by causing part of the power in the output circuit to act upon the input circuit3. bring, lead, or force to abandon a wrong or evil course of life, conduct, and adopt a right one4. return to life; get or give new life or energy5. replace (tissue or a body part) through the formation of new tissue6. be formed or shaped anew7. form or produce anewregenerate hatred8. undergo regeneration9. restore strengthadj.reformed spiritually or morallya regenerate sinner regenerate byredemption from error or decayvt. 使再生；革新vi. 再生；革新adj. 再生的；革新的initiate [i'niʃieit, i'niʃiət, -eit]n.1. someone new to a field or activity2. someone who has been admitted to membership in a scholarly field3. people who have been introduced to the mysteries of some field or activityv.1. bring into being2. take the lead or initiative in; participate in the development of3. accept young people into society, usually with some rite4. bring up a topic for discussion5. prepare the way forvt. 开始，创始；发起；使初步了解n. 开始；新加入者，接受初步知识者adj. 新加入的；接受初步知识的[ 过去式initiated 过去分词initiated 现在分词initiating ]merge [mə:dʒ]v.1. become one2. mix together different elements3. join or combinevt. 合并；使合并；吞没vi. 合并；融合[ 过去式merged 过去分词merged 现在分词merging ]pacemaker ['peis,meikə]n.1. a leading instance in its field2. a specialized bit of heart tissue that controls the heartbeat3. an implanted electronic device that takes over the function of the natural cardiac pacemaker4. a horse used to set the pace in racingn. [基医] 起搏器；领跑者；标兵progression [prəu'ɡreʃən]n.1. a series with a definite pattern of advance2. a movement forward3. the act of moving forward toward a goaln. 前进；连续fundamental [,fʌndə'mentəl]n.the lowest tone of a harmonic seriesadj.1. serving as an essential component an example that was fundamental to the argument computers are fundamental to modern industrial structure2. being or involving basic facts or principlesthe fundamental laws of the universe a fundamental incomatibility between them3. far-reaching and thoroughgoing in effect especially on the nature of somethingadj. 基本的，根本的n. 基本原理；基本原则[ 比较级more fundamental 最高级most fundamental ]inhibiten. 缓蚀剂activate ['æktiveit]v.1. put in motion or move to act2. make active or more activeactivate an old file3. make more adsorptiveactivate a metal4. aerate (sewage) so as to favor the growth of organisms that decompose organic matter5. make (substances) radioactivevt. 刺激；使活动；使活泼；使产生放射性vi. 激活；有活力[ 过去式activated 过去分词activated 现在分词activating ]tune [tju:n, tu:n]n.1. a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence2. the property of producing accurately a note of a given pitchhe cannot sing in tune the clarinet was out of tune3. the adjustment of a radio receiver or other circuit to a required frequencyv.1. adjust for (better) functioningtune the engine2. adjust the pitches of (musical instruments)n. 曲调；和谐；心情vt. 调整；使一致；为…调音vi. [电子][通信] 调谐；协调[ 过去式tuned 过去分词tuned 现在分词tuninginhibition [,inhi'biʃən]n.1. (psychology) the conscious exclusion of unacceptable thoughts or desires2. the quality of being inhibited3. (physiology) the process whereby nerves can retard or prevent thefunctioning of an organ or partthe inhibition of the heart by the vagus nerve4. the action of prohibiting or inhibiting or forbidding (or an instance thereof)a medical inhibition of alcoholic beveragesn. 抑制；压抑；禁止mimic ['mimik]n.someone who mimics (especially an actor or actress)v.imitate (a person or manner), especially for satirical effectadj.constituting an imitationthe mimic warfare of the opera stagevt. 模仿，摹拟n. 效颦者，模仿者；仿制品；小丑adj. 模仿的，模拟的；假装的[ 过去式mimicked 过去分词mimicked 现在分词mimicking ]output ['autput, ,aut'put]n.1. final product; the things produced2. production of a certain amount3. signal that comes out of an electronic system4. the quantity of something (as a commodity) that is created (usually within a given period of time)5. what is produced in a given time periodv.to create or manufacture a specific amountn. 输出，输出量；产量；出产vt. 输出[ 过去式outputted或output 过去分词outputted或output 现在分词outputting ] mechanism ['mekənizəm]n.1. the atomic process that occurs during a chemical reaction2. the technical aspects of doing something3. a natural object resembling a machine in structure or function4. (philosophy) the philosophical theory that all phenomena can be explained in terms of physical or biological causes5. device consisting of a piece of machinery; has moving parts that perform some function n. 机制；原理，途径；进程；机械装置；技巧mode [məud]n.1. how something is done or how it happenstheir nomadic mode of existence2. a particular functioning condition or arrangement3. a classification of propositions on the basis of whether they claim necessity or possibility or impossibility4. verb inflections that express how5. any of various fixed orders of the various diatonic notes within an octave6. the most frequent value of a random variablen. 模式；方式；风格；时尚feedback ['fi:dbæk]n.1. the process in which part of theoutput of a system is returned to its input in order to regulate its further output2. response to an inquiry or experimentn. 反馈；成果，资料；回复stimulate ['stimjuleit]v.1. act as a stimulant2. cause to do; cause to act in a specified manner3. stir the feelings, emotions, or peace of4. cause to be alert and energetic5. cause to occur rapidlyvt. 刺激；鼓舞，激励vi. 起刺激作用；起促进作用[ 过去式stimulated 过去分词stimulated 现在分词stimulating ]appliance [ə'plaiəns]n.1. a device or control that is very useful for a particular job2. durable goods for home or office usen. 器具；器械；装置[ 过去式applianced 过去分词applianced 现在分词appliancing ]furnace ['fə:nis]n.an enclosed chamber in which heat is produced to heat buildings, destroy refuse, smelt or refine ores, etc.n. 火炉，熔炉[ 过去式furnaced 过去分词furnaced 现在分词furnacing ].device [di'vais]n.1. an instrumentality invented for a particular purpose2. something in an artistic work designed to achieve a particular effect3. any clever maneuver4. any ornamental pattern or design (as in embroidery)5. an emblematic design (especially in heraldry)n. 装置；策略；图案sensor ['sensə, -sɔ:]n.any device that receives a signal or stimulus (as heat or pressure or light or motion etc.) and responds to it in a distinctive mannern. 传感器thermostat['θə:məustæt]n.a regulator for automatically regulating temperature by starting or stopping the supply of heatv.control the temperature with a thermostatn. 恒温器；自动调温器vt. 为…配备恒温器；用恒温器控制[ 过去式thermostatted或-stated 过去分词thermostatted或-stated 现在分词thermostatting或-stating ].subsequent ['sʌbsikwənt]adj.following in time or ordersubsequent developmentsadj. 后来的，随后的scant [skænt]v.1. work hastily or carelessly; deal with inadequately and superficially2. limit in quality or quantity3. supply sparingly and with restricted quantitiesadj. 不足的；缺乏的；勉强够的vt. 减少；节省；限制[ 比较级scanter 最高级scantest ]sufficient [sə'fiʃənt]adj.of a quantity that can fulfill a need or requirement but without being abundantsufficient foodadj. 足够的；充分的globular ['ɡlɔbjulə]adj.having the shape of a sphere or ball little globular houses like mud-wasp nestsadj. 球状的；由小球形成的；闻名世界的protein ['prəuti:n, -ti:in]n.any of a large group of nitrogenous organic compounds that are essential constituents of living cells; consist of polymers of amino acids; essential in the diet of animals for growth and for repair of tissues; can be obtained from meat and eggs and milk and legumesa diet high in proteinn. 蛋白质；朊adj. 蛋白质的bulky ['bʌlki]adj.of large size for its weightadj. 体积大的；庞大的；笨重的[ 比较级bulkier 最高级bulkiest ]numerous ['nju:mərəs]adj.amounting to a large indefinite numbernumerous times the family was numerousadj. 许多的，很多的[ 比较级more numerous 最高级most numerous ]intermediary [,intə'mi:diəri]n.a negotiator who acts as a link between partiesadj. 中间的；媒介的；中途的n. 中间人；仲裁者；调解者；媒介物[ 复数intermediaries ]anabolic [,ænə'bɔlik]adj.1. of or related to the synthetic phase of metabolism2. characterized by or promoting constructive metabolismadj. 合成代谢的；同化的biosynthesis [,baiəu:'sinθisis]n.production of a chemical compound by a living organismn. 生物合成[ 复数biosyntheses ]catabolic [,kætə'bɔlik]adj.1. relating to or characterized by catabolism2. characterized by destructive metabolismadj. 分解代谢的；异化的dismantling[dis'mæntliŋ]n.the act of taking something apart (as a piece of machinery)n. 解散；（枪支）分解v. 拆除；废除（dismantle的ing形式）virtually ['və:tʃuəli]adv.1. in essence or effect but not in fact the strike virtually paralyzed the city I'm virtually broke2. (of actions or states) slightly short of or not quite accomplished virtually all the parties signed the contractadv. 事实上，几乎；实质上regulatory ['reɡjulətəri]adj.restricting according to rules or principlesadj. 管理的；控制的；调整的shift [ʃift]n.1. an event in which something is displaced without rotation2. a qualitative change3. the time period during which you are at work4. the act of changing one thing or position for another5. the act of moving from one place to anotherhis constant shifting disrupted the class6. (geology) a crack in the earth's crust resulting from the displacement of one side with respect to the other7. a crew of workers who work for a specific period of time8. the key on the typewriter keyboard that shifts from lower-case letters to upper-case letters9. a woman's sleeveless undergarment10. a loose-fitting dress hanging straight from the shoulders without a waistv.1. make a shift in or exchange of2. change place or direction3. move around4. move very slightly5. move from one setting or context to another6. change in quality7. move and exchange for another8. move sideways or in an unsteady way9. move abruptly10. use a shift key on a keyboard11. change phonetically as part of a systematic historical change12. change gears13. lay aside, abandon, or leave for anothern. 移动；变化；手段；轮班vi. 移动；转变；转换vt. 转移；改变；替换quaternary [kwə'tə:nəri]n.1. last 2 million years2. the cardinal number that is the sum of three and oneadj.1. consisting of or especially arranged in sets of four2. coming next after the third and just before the fifth in position or time or degree or magnitudethe quaternary period of geologic time extends from the end of the tertiary period to the presentadj. [数] 四进制的；四个一组的n. 四；四个一组[ 复数quaternaries ]entrance ['entrəns]n.1. something that provides access (to get in or get out)2. a movement into or inward3. the act of enteringv.1. attract; cause to be enamored2. put into a trancen. 入口；进入vt. 使出神，使入迷[ 过去式entranced 过去分词entranced 现在分词entrancing ]insert [in'sə:t, 'insə:t]n.1. a folded section placed between the leaves of another publication2. an artifact that is inserted or is to be inserted3. (broadcasting) a local announcement inserted into a network program4. (film) a still picture that is introduced and that interrupts the action of a filmv.1. put or introduce into something2. introduce3. fit snugly into4. insert casuallyvt. 插入；嵌入n. 插入物attachment [ə'tætʃmənt]n.1. a feeling of affection for a person or an institution2. a supplementary part or accessory3. a writ authorizing the seizure of property that may be needed for the payment of a judgment in a judicial proceeding4. a connection that fastens things together5. faithful support for a religion or cause or political party6. the act of attaching or affixing something7. the act of fastening things togethern. 附件；依恋；连接物；扣押财产polypeptide [,pɔli'peptaid]n.a peptide containing 10 to more than 100 amino acidsn. [生化] 多肽，缩多氨酸quaternary [kwə'tə:nəri]n.1. last 2 million years2. the cardinal number that is the sum of three and oneadj.1. consisting of or especially arranged in sets of four2. coming next after the third and just before the fifth in position or time or degree or magnitudeadj. [数] 四进制的；四个一组的n. 四；四个一组[ 复数quaternaries ]distorted [dis'tɔ:tid]adj.1. strained or wrenched out of normal shape2. so badly formed or out of shape as to be ugly3. having an intended meaning altered or misrepresentedadj. 歪曲的；受到曲解的v. 扭曲（distort的过去式和过去分词）denature [di:'neitʃə]v.1. add nonfissionable material to (fissionable material) so as to make unsuitable for use in an atomic bomb2. modify (as a native protein) especially by heat, acid, alkali, or ultraviolet radiation so that all of the original properties are removed or diminished3. make (alcohol) unfit for drinking without impairing usefulness for other purposesvt. 使…失去人性；改变…的性质vi. 变性[ 过去式denatured 过去分词denatured 现在分词denaturing ]reversible [ri'və:səbl]n.a garment (especially a coat) that can be worn inside out (with either side of the cloth showing)adj.1. capable of reversing or being reversed2. capable of being reversed or used with either side out3. capable of being reversed4. capable of assuming or producing either of two statesadj. 可逆的；可撤消的；可反转的n. 双面布料synthesis['sinθisis]n.1. the process of producing a chemical compound (usually by the union of simpler chemical compounds)2. the combination of ideas into a complex whole3. reasoning from the general to the particular (or from cause to effect)n. 综合，[化学] 合成；综合体[ 复数syntheses ]scheme [ski:m]n.1. an elaborate and systematic plan of action2. a statement that evades the question by cleverness or trickery3. a group of independent but interrelated elements comprising a unified whole4. an internal representation of the world; an organization of concepts and actions that can be revised by new information about the world5. a schematic or preliminary planv.1. form intrigues (for) in an underhand manner2. devise a system or form a scheme forn. 计划；组合；体制；诡计vi. 搞阴谋；拟订计划vt. 计划；策划[ 过去式schemed 过去分词schemed 现在分词scheming ]excess [ik'ses, 'ek-, 'ekses, ik's-]n.1. a quantity much larger than is needed2. immoderation as a consequence of going beyond sufficient or permitted limits3. the state of being more than full4. excessive indulgenceadj.more than is needed, desired, or requiredn. 超过，超额；过度，过量；无节制adj. 额外的，过量的；附加的[ 复数excesses ]apparatus [,æpə'reitəs]n.1. equipment designed to serve a specific function2. (anatomy) a group of body parts that work together to perform a given functionthe breathing apparatusn. 装置，设备；仪器；器官[ 复数apparatus或apparattuses ]endure [in'djuə]v.1. put up with something or somebody unpleasant2. face or endure with courage3. continue to live; endure or last4. undergo or be subjected to5. last and be usable6. persist for a specified period of time7. continue to existvt. 忍耐；容忍vi. 忍耐；持续[ 过去式endured 过去分词endured 现在分词enduring ]inverse ['invə:s, in'v-, in'və:s]n.something inverted in sequence or character or effectwhen the direct approach failed he tried the inverseadj.1. reversed (turned backward) in order or nature or effect2. opposite in nature or effect or relation to another quantityn. 相反；倒转adj. 相反的；倒转的vt. 使倒转；使颠倒repression [ri'preʃən]n.1. a state of forcible subjugation2. (psychiatry) the classical defense mechanism that protects you from impulses or ideas that would cause anxiety by preventing them from becoming conscious3. the act of repressing; control by holding downn. 抑制，[心理] 压抑；镇压inductionn.1. a formal entry into an organization or position or office2. an electrical phenomenon whereby an electromotive force (EMF) is generated in a closed circuit by a change in the flow of current3. reasoning from detailed facts to general principles4. stimulation that calls up (draws forth) a particular class of behaviors5. the act of bringing about something (especially at an early time)6. an act that sets in motion some course of eventsn. [电磁] 感应；归纳法；感应现象；入门培训，入职仪式strain [strein]n.1. (physics) deformation of a physical body under the action of applied forces2. difficulty that causes worry or emotional tension3. a succession of notes forming a distinctive sequence4. (psychology) nervousness resulting from mental stress5. a special variety of domesticated animals within a species6. (biology) a group of organisms within a species that differ in trivial ways from similar groups7. a lineage or race of people8. injury to a muscle (often caused by overuse); results in swelling and pain9. the general meaning or substance of an utterance10. an effortful attempt to attain a goal11. an intense or violent exertion12. the act of singingv.1. to exert much effort or energy2. test the limits of3. use to the utmost; exert vigorously or to full capacity4. separate by passing through a sieve or other straining device to separate out coarser elements5. cause to be tense and uneasy or nervous or anxious6. become stretched or tense or taughtthe rope strained when the weight was attached7. remove by passing through a filter8. rub through a strainer or process in an electric blender9. alter the shape of (something) by stressn. 张力；拉紧；负担；扭伤；血缘vi. 拉紧；尽力vt. 拉紧；滥用；滤去；竭力inoculate [i'nɔkjuleit]v.1. introduce an idea or attitude into the mind of2. introduce a microorganism into3. perform vaccinations or produce immunity in by inoculation4. insert a bud for propagation5. impregnate with the virus or germ of a disease in order to render immunevt. [医] 接种；嫁接；灌输[ 过去式inoculated 过去分词inoculated 现在分词inoculating ]lactose ['læktəus]n.a sugar comprising one glucose molecule linked to a galactose molecule; occurs only in milkn. [有化] 乳糖hydrolyze ['haidrəlaiz]v.undergo hydrolysis; decompose by reacting with watervi. 水解vt. 使水解[ 过去式hydrolyzed 过去分词hydrolyzed 现在分词hydrolyzing ]glucose ['ɡlu:kəus]n.a monosaccharide sugar that has several forms; an important source of physiological energyn. 葡萄糖；葡糖（等于dextrose）galactose [ɡə'læktəus]n.a simple sugar found in lactosen. [有化] 半乳糖lactase ['lækteis]n.any of a group of enzymes (trade name Lactaid) that hydrolyze lactose to glucose and galactosen. 乳糖分解酵素encompass [in'kʌmpəs]v.include in scope; include as part of something broader; have as one's sphere or territoryvt. 包含；包围，环绕；完成degrade ['di'ɡreid]v.1. reduce the level of land, as by erosion2. reduce in worth or character, usually verbally3. lower the grade of something; reduce its worthvt. 贬低；使……丢脸；使……降级；使……降解vi. 降级，降低；退化[ 过去式degraded 过去分词degraded 现在分词degrading ]utilize ['ju:tilaiz]v.1. put into service; make work or employ (something) for a particular purpose or for its inherent or natural purpose2. convert (from an investment trust to a unit trust)vt. 利用[ 过去式utilized 过去分词utilized 现在分词utilizing ]cofactor [kəu'fæktə]n.a substance (as a coenzyme) that must join with another to produce a given resultn. [生化] 辅因子osmotic [ɔz'mɔtik, ɔs-]adj.of or relating to osmosisadj. 渗透性的，渗透的pursuit [pə'sju:t]n.1. the act of pursuing in an effort to overtake or capture2. a search for an alternative that meets cognitive criteria3. an auxiliary activity4. a diversion that occupies one's time and thoughts (usually pleasantly)n. 追赶，追求；职业，工作utilization [,ju:tilai'zeiʃən, -li'z-]n.1. the act of using2. the state of having been made use ofn. 利用，使用capacity [kə'pæsəti]n.1. ability to perform or produce2. the susceptibility of something to a particular treatment3. the amount that can be contained4. the maximum production possible5. a specified function6. (computer science) the amount of information (in bytes) that can be stored on a disk drive7. an electrical phenomenon whereby an electric charge is stored8. the power to learn or retain knowledge; in law, the ability to understand the facts and significance of your behavior9. tolerance for alcoholn. 能力；容量；资格，地位；生产力[ 复数capacities ]array [ə'rei]n.1. an orderly arrangement2. an impressive display3. especially fine or decorative clothing4. an arrangement of aerials spaced to give desired directional characteristicsv.1. lay out orderly or logically in a line or as if in a line2. align oneself with a group or a way of thinkingn. 数组，阵列；排列，列阵；大批，一系列；衣服vt. 排列，部署；打扮expenditure [iks'penditʃə]n.1. money paid out2. the act of spending money for goods or services3. the act of consuming somethingn. 支出，花费；经费，消费额usable ['ju:zəbl]adj.1. capable of being put to use2. fit or ready for use or service3. convenient for use or disposaladj. 可用的；合用的（等于useable）thermal ['θə:məl]n.rising current of warm airadj.1. relating to or associated with heat2. of or relating to a hot spring3. caused by or designed to retain heatmotion ['məuʃən]n.1. a natural event that involves a change in the position or location of something2. the use of movements (especially of the hands) to communicate familiar or prearranged signals3. a change of position that does not entail a change of location4. a state of change5. a formal proposal for action made to a deliberative assembly for discussion and vote6. the act of changing location from one place to another7. an optical illusion of motion produced by viewing a rapid succession of still pictures of a moving objectv.show, express or direct through movementn. 动作；移动；手势；请求；意向vi. 运动；打手势vt. 运动；向…打手势radiant ['reidiənt]adj.radiating or as if radiating lightadj. 辐射的；容光焕发的；光芒四射的n. 光点；发光的物体electron [i'lektrɔn]n.an elementary particle with negative chargen. 电子atomic [ə'tɔmik]adj.1. of or relating to or comprising atoms2. (weapons) deriving destructive energy from the release of atomic energy3. immeasurably smalladj. 原子的，原子能的；微粒子的atom ['ætəm]n.1. (physics and chemistry) the smallest component of an element having the chemical properties of the element2. (nontechnical usage) a tiny piece of anythingn. 原子nucleus ['nju:kliəs]n.1. a part of the cell containing DNA and RNA and responsible for growth and reproduction2. the positively charged dense center of an atom3. a small group of indispensable persons or things4. (astronomy) the center of the head of a comet; consists of small solid particles of ice and frozen gas that vaporizes on approaching the sun to form the coma and tail5. any histologically identifiable mass of neural cell bodies in the brain or spinal cordn. 核，核心；原子核[ 复数nucleuses或nuclei ]fragile ['frædʒail]adj.1. easily broken or damaged or destroyed2. vulnerably delicate3. lacking solidity or strength and liable to breakadj. 脆的；易碎的transaction [træn'zækʃən, -'sæk-, trɑ:n-]n.the act of transacting within or between groups (as carrying on commercial activities)no transactions are possible without himn. 交易；事务；办理；会报，学报oxidation [,ɔksi'deiʃən]n.the process of oxidizing; the addition of oxygen to a compound with a loss of electrons; always occurs accompanied by reductionn. [化学] 氧化redox ['ri:dɔks]n.a reversible chemical reaction in which one reaction is an oxidation and the reverse is a reductionn. 氧化还原反应；[化学] 氧化还原剂ion ['aiən]n.a particle that is electrically charged (positive or negative); an atom or molecule or group that has lost or gained one or more electronsn. [化学] 离子。
医学微生物学常用英语词汇
医学微生物学常用英语词汇AAbortive infection 顿挫感染* Absorption 吸附* Acid-fast bacilli 抗酸杆菌Acquired immunity 获得性免疫* Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome，AIDS 获得性免疫缺陷综合征* Actinomyces 放线菌属Acute infection 急性感染* Adenovirus 腺病毒Adhesin 粘附素A.flavus 黄曲霉A. israelii 衣氏放线菌* Anaerobic bacteria 厌氧性细菌Anaerobic medium 厌氧培养基Antibody dependent enhancement,ADE 抗体依赖的促进作用Antigenic drift 抗原漂移Antigenic shift 抗原性转换* Antisepsis 防腐* Antistreptolysin O (ASO) test, 抗链球菌溶素O试验Antiviral protein,AVP 抗病毒蛋白Apoptosis 细胞凋亡* Apparent infection 显性感染Arbovirus 虫媒病毒* Artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫* Artificial passive immunization 人工被动免疫* Asepsis 无菌Aspergillus 曲霉* Assembly and release 装备与释放* Astrovirus 星状病毒Autotroph 自养菌* Attenuated vaccine 减毒疫苗B* Bacillus 杆菌、芽胞杆菌属* Bacillus anthracis 炭疽芽胞杆菌Bacillus cereus 蜡样芽胞杆菌* Bacteremia 菌血症Bacterial infection 细菌感染* Bacterial L form 细菌L型* Bacteriocin 细菌素* Bacteriophage 噬菌体* Bacterium 细菌Bartonella 巴尔通体属* Bacteriodes fragilis 脆弱类杆菌Bifidobacterium 双歧杆菌属* Binary fission 二分裂B.hanselae 汉赛巴尔通体* Bioproduct 生物制品* Biosynthesis 生物合成Biotype 生物型* Biovar trachoma 沙眼生物亚种Blastospore 芽生胞子* Borrelia burgdoyferi 伯氏疏螺旋体* Botulin 肉毒毒素Bovine spongiform encephalopathy,BSE 牛海绵状脑病(疯牛病) * Bordetella pertussis 百日咳鲍特菌* Brucella 布鲁菌属Burkitt，s lymphoma,BL 伯基特淋巴瘤C* Candida albicans 白假丝酵母菌* Calicivirus 杯状病毒Campylobacter 弯曲菌属* Capsid 衣壳Capsomere 壳粒* Capsule 荚膜* Carrier 带菌者* Carrier state 带菌状态Cat scratch disease, CSD 猫抓病* C.botulinum 肉毒梭菌 C.difficile 艰难梭菌Cell membrane 细胞膜Cellular microbiology 细胞微生物学Cell wall 细胞壁* Chlamydia 衣原体Chlamydospore 厚膜胞子Cholera toxin,CT 霍乱毒素* Chronic infection 慢性感染 C.jejuni 空肠弯曲菌* Classical biotype 古典生物型* Clostridium 梭菌属* Coagulase 凝固酶* Coccus 球菌* Colony 菌落Colonization 定植Complex symmetry 复合对称* Conditional pathogen 条件致病菌* Conjugation 接合Core polysaccharide 核心多糖Coronavirus 冠状病毒* Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌* Coxsackievirus 柯萨奇病毒* Coxiella burnetii 贝纳柯克斯体* C.perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌* C.pneumoniae 肺炎衣原体* Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌* C.tetani 破伤风梭菌* C.trachomatis 沙眼衣原体* Culture medium 培养基* Cytomegalovirus,CMV 巨细胞病毒Cytoplasme 细胞质* Cytopathic effect,CPE 细胞病变效应D* Darkfeild microscope 暗视野显微镜Decline phase 衰亡期Defective interfering particles,DIP 缺陷干扰颗粒* Defective virus 缺陷病毒* Dengue virus 登革病毒* Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌* Diplococcus 双球菌Differential medium 鉴别培养基* Disinfectant 消毒剂* Disinfection 消毒* Dysbacteriosis 菌群失调* Dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌EE.aerogenes 产气肠杆菌EB early antigen，EA EB病毒早期抗原EB nuclear antigen，EBNA EB病毒核抗原* Eclipse period 隐蔽期* Ehrlichia 埃立克体属Electron microscope 电子显微镜elementary body 原体* El tor biotype Eltor 生物型* Encephalitis B virus 乙型脑炎病毒* Endogenous infection 内源性感染Endospore 内芽胞* Endotoxemia 内毒素血症* Endotoxin 内毒素Enteric adenovirus 肠道腺病毒* ECHO , Enteric cytopathogenic human orphan virus ECHO病毒* EAggEC, Enteroaggregative E.coli 肠凝集性大肠埃希菌* EHEC, Enterohemorrhagic E.coli 肠出血性大肠埃希菌* EIEC, Enteroinvasive E.coli 肠侵袭性大肠埃希菌* EPEC, Enteropathogenic E.coli 肠致病性大肠埃希菌* ETEC, Enterotoxigenic E.coli 肠产毒性大肠埃希菌* Enterotoxin 肠毒素* Enterovirus 肠道病毒* Envelope 包膜Epidermolytic toxin 表皮溶解毒素Epidermophyton 表皮癣菌* Epstein-Barr virus，EBV EB病毒Erythrogenic toxin 红疹毒素* Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Exfoliative toxin,or exfoliatin 表皮剥脱毒素* Exogenous infection 外源性感染* Exotoxin 外毒素* Extracellular bacteria 胞外菌F* Facultative anaerobe 兼性厌氧菌* Fertility factor,F factor 致育因子Filamentous fungus 丝状菌Filter 滤菌器* Filtration 滤过除菌法* Fimbriae 菌毛* Flagellum 鞭毛Flaviviridae 黄病毒科Forest encephalitis virus 森林脑炎病毒Fractional sterilization 间歇蒸气灭菌法* Fungus 真菌G* Generalized infection 全身感染Generalized transduction 普遍性转导* Gene transfer 基因转移* Genus 菌属* Gonococcus 淋球菌* Gram stain 革兰染色* Growth curve 生长曲线* Growth factor 生长因子H* Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌* Hantavirus 汉坦病毒Hantaan virus 汉滩病毒Heat-labile enterotoxin,LT 不耐热肠毒素Heat-stable enterotoxin,ST 耐热肠毒素Heat-stable nuclease 耐热核酸酶* Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌* Helical symmetry 螺旋对称* Hemagglutinin ，HA 血凝素* α-hemolytic streptococcus 甲型（α）溶血链球菌* β-hemolytic steptococcus 乙性（β）溶血性链菌Hepadnaviridae 嗜肝DNA病毒科* HAV, Hepatitis A virus 甲型肝炎病毒* HBV, Hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒* HCV, Hepatitis C virus 丙型肝炎病毒* HDV, Hepatitis D virus 丁型肝炎病毒* HEV, hepatitis E virus 戊型肝炎病毒* HGV, hepatitis G virus 庚型肝炎病毒Herpesviridae 疱疹病毒科Histoplasma capsulatum 荚膜组织胞浆菌* Horizontal transmission 水平传播* Herpes simplex virus，HSV 单纯疱疹病毒Heterotroph 异养菌Human cytomegalovirus HCMV 人巨细胞病毒* Human herpes viruses,HHV 人疱疹病毒Human herpesvirus 6,HHV-6 人疱疹病毒6型Human herpesvirus 7，HHV-7 人疱疹病毒7型Human herpesvirus 8,HHV-8 人疱疹病毒8型* Human immunodeficiency viru ,HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒* Human papillomavirus，HPV 人乳头瘤病毒属Human T-cell lymphotropic virus, HTLV 人类嗜T细胞病毒* Hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶* Hypha 菌丝IIatrogenic infection 医源性感染* Icosahedral symmetry 二十面体对称Immortalization 永生化Immune enhancement 免疫促进作用* Inactivated vaccine 灭活疫苗* Inactivation 灭活* Inapparent infection 隐性感染* Inclusion bodies 包涵体* Infection immunity 传染免疫* Influenza virus 流行性感冒病毒Initial body 始体* Innate immunity 天然免疫lnsertion sequence, IS 插入序列* Integration 整合Interference 干扰现象* Interferon 干扰素* Invasiveness 侵袭Invasin 侵袭素JJapanese encephalitis virus 日本脑炎病毒KKanagawa phenomenon,KP 神奈川现象klebsiella 克雷伯菌属K.pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌Kuru disease 库鲁病L* Latent infection 潜伏感染Latent membrane protein，LMP 潜伏感染膜蛋白Lecithinase 卵磷脂酶* Legionella 军团菌属* Leptospira 钩端螺旋体Light microscope 光学显微镜L.interrogans 问号状钩端螺旋体* Lipid A 脂质A* Lipopolysaccharide, LPS 脂多糖Lipoteichoic acid, LTA 脂磷壁酸Liver specific Protein,LSP 肝特异性脂蛋白抗原Logarithmic phase 对数期L. Pneumophila 嗜肺军团菌* Lyme disease 莱姆病Lyophilization 冷冻真空干燥法* Lysogenic phage 溶原性噬菌体* Lysogenic bacterium 溶原性细菌* Lysogenic conversion 溶原性转换* Lysozyme 溶菌酶MMacrocomidium 大分生孢子Malassezia furfur 秕糠马拉癣菌Matrix prote M1 基质蛋白M1 * Measles virus 麻疹病毒Median infective dose ID50 半数感染量Median lethal dose LD50 半数致死量* Medical microbiology 医学微生物学* Medical virology 医学病毒学Membrane antigen，MA 膜抗原* Meningococcus 脑膜炎球菌Mesosome 中介体* Metachromatic granule 异染颗粒Methicillin resistant S.aureus,MRSA 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌* Microaerophilic bacterium 微需氧菌* Microbiology 微生物学Microcapsule 微荚膜Microconidium 小分生孢子Microecology 微生态学* Microorganism 微生物Microsporum 小孢子癣菌* M.leprae 麻风分枝杆菌* Mold 霉菌* M. Pneumoniae 肺炎支原体* M.tuberculosis 结核分枝杆菌Mucor 毛霉Multiple resistance 多种耐药性* Mumps virus 腮腺炎病毒* Mycelium 菌丝体* Mycobacterium 分枝杆菌Mycolic acid 分枝菌酸* Mycoplasma 支原体N* Negri body 内基小体* Negative staining 负染* Neisseria 奈瑟菌属* Neuraminidase, NA 神经氨酸酶Neurotoxin 神经毒素* N.gonorrhoeae 淋病奈瑟菌* N.meningitidis 膜炎奈瑟菌Nocardia asteroids 星形诺卡菌Nocardia brasiliensis 巴西诺卡菌* Nonpathogenic bacterium,nonpathogen 非病原菌Nonpermissive cells 非容许性细胞* Nonspecific immunity 非特异性免疫Nontuberculosis mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌* Normal flora 正常菌群Norwalk 诺瓦克病毒* Nosocomial infction 医院内感染* Nuclear material 核质Nucleoprotein,NP 核蛋白* Nuclocapsid 核衣壳Nutrient agar 营养琼脂Nutrient broth 营养肉汤O* Obligate aerobe 专性需氧菌* Obligate anaerobe 专性厌氧菌Old tuberculin,OT 旧结核菌素* Opportunistic pathogenesis 机会致病性Ordinary pilus 普通菌毛Orientia 东方体属* Orthomyxoviridae 正粘病毒科Outer membrane 外膜* Outer membrane protein,OMP 外膜蛋白PP.aeruginasa 铜绿假单胞菌Papovaviridae 乳多空病毒科属Parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒Paramyxoviridae 副粘病毒科Parasite 寄生菌* Parvovirus 细小病毒* Pasteurization 巴氏消毒法* Pathogenic bacterium,pathogen 病原菌* Pathogenicity 致病性Penetration 穿入Penton 五邻体* Peptostreptococcus 消化链球菌属* Peptidoglycan 肽聚糖Permissive cells 容许性细胞* Persistent viral infection 持续性病毒感染* Phagocytosis 吞噬作用Phagolysome 吞噬溶酶体Phagosome 吞噬体* Picornaviridae 小RNA病毒科Pilin 菌毛蛋白* Pilus 菌毛* Pinocytosis 吞饮作用Pinosome 吞饮体Plaque 噬斑Plaque forming units, pfu 噬斑形成单位* Plasmid 质粒* Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢菌* Pneumococcus 肺炎球菌* Poliovirus 脊髓灰质炎病毒Primary atypical pneumonia 原发性非典型性肺炎* Prion ( prion protine,PrP ) 朊粒* Prokaryotae 原核生物界* Prophage 前噬菌体Proteus 变形杆菌Protopast fusion 原生质体融合Pseudomonas 假单胞菌属Pure culture 纯培养Purified protein derivative,PPD 纯蛋白衍生物* Pyemia 脓毒血症* Pyogenic coccus 化脓性球菌Pyogenic streptococcus 化脓性链球菌*Pyrogen 热原质Pyrogenic exotoxin 致热外毒素R* Rabies virus 狂犬病病毒Reassortment 重配Recombination 重组Reovirus 呼肠病毒Resistance transfer factor, RTF 耐药性传递因子* Respiratory syscytial virus, RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒Restricted transduction 局限性转导Reticulate body 网状体* Retroviridae 逆转录病毒科Reverse transcriptase 逆转录酶Rhabdoviridae 弹状病毒科Rhinovirus 鼻病毒Ribonucleoprotein,RNP 核糖核蛋白Ribosome 核糖体* Rickettsia 立克次体* Rotavirus 轮状病毒Rough colony 粗糙型菌落R.prowazekii 普氏立克次体R.tsutsugamushi 恙虫病东方体R.typhi 斑疹伤寒立克次体* Rubella virus 风疹病毒S* Salmonella 沙门菌属Samonellosis 沙门菌病* S.boydii 鲍氏志贺菌* S.dysenteriae 痢疾志贺菌* Septicemia 败血症* Serological diagnosis 血清学诊断Sex pilus 性菌毛* S.flexneri 福氏志贺菌* Shigella 志贺菌属Shiga-like toxin,SLT 志贺样毒素S.hirschfeldii 希氏沙门菌* Slow virus infection 慢发病毒感染Small round structured virus,SRSV 小园形结构化病毒Smooth colony 光滑型菌落* S.paratyphi A 甲型副伤寒沙门菌Specific immunity 特异性免疫* Specific polysaccharide 特异多糖* Spike 刺突* Spiral bacterium 螺形菌* Spirochete 螺旋体* S.pneumoniae 肺炎链球菌* Spore 芽胞S.schottmuelleri 肖氏沙门菌*S.sonnei 宋内氏志贺菌* Staphylococcus 葡萄球菌属Staphylococcal protein A ,SPA 葡萄球菌A蛋白Staphylolysin 葡萄球菌溶素* Sterilization 灭菌* Stormy fermentation 汹涌发酵* Strain 菌株Streptococcal fibrinolysin 链球菌溶纤维蛋白酶* Streptococcus 链球菌属* γ-streptococcus 丙型（γ）链球菌Streptodornase,SD 链道酶Streptokinase,SK 链激酶* StreptolysinO, SLO 链球菌溶素O StreptolysinS, SLS 链球菌溶素S * S.typhi 伤寒沙门菌Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, SSPE 亚急性硬化性全脑炎* Subclinical infection 亚临床感染* Subvirus 亚病毒* Sulfur granule 硫磺样颗粒Superinfection 重迭感染TTCID50 (50%tissue culture infective dose) 半数组织感染剂量* Teichoic acid 磷壁酸* Temperate phage 温和噬菌体Temperature sensitive mutant 温度敏感突变株Tetani 破伤风* Tetanospasmin 破伤风痉挛毒素* Tetanus antitoxin,TAT 破伤风抗毒素* Titer 效价或滴度Togaviridae 披膜病毒科* Toxemia 毒血症Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1,TSST-1 毒性休克毒素综合征毒素-I * Toxin 毒素* Toxoid 类毒素* Treponema pallidium 苍白密螺旋体* Transduction 转导* Transformation 转化Transposon, Tn 转座子Trichophyton 毛癣菌Tubercle bacilli 结核杆菌* Type 型* Typhoid fever,or enteric fever 肠热症U* Uncoating 脱壳* Ureaplasma.Urealyticum 溶脲脲原体V* Vaccine 疫苗* Varicella-zoster virus VZV 水痘-带状疱疹病毒Verotoxin vero毒素* Vertical transmission 垂直传播Vibrio 弧菌属* Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌* Virion 病毒体Viroid 类病毒* Virology 病毒学* Virulence 毒力* Virulent phage 毒性噬菌体* Virus 病毒* V.parahemolyticus 副溶血性弧菌WWall teichoic acid 壁磷壁酸* Weil-Felix reaction 外斐反应* Widal reaction 肥达反应YYeast 酵母菌Yeast-Like fungus 类酵母菌Yersinia pestis 鼠疫耶尔森菌ZZones of inhibition 抑菌圈* Zoonosis 动物源性疾病Medical Parasitology 医学寄生虫Aedes 伊蚊alternation of generations 世代交替amastigote 无鞭毛体AmoebiasisAncylostoma duodenale 十二指肠钩口线虫Anopheles 按蚊ascariasis 蛔虫病ascaris lumbricoides 似蚓蛔线虫arthropod 节肢动物bradysporozoite 迟发型子孢子bradyzoite 缓殖子Brugia malayi 马来布鲁线虫capsule 荚膜，被膜，囊胞carrier 携带者，载体，载流子，带虫者cercaria 尾蚴cercarial dermatitis 尾蚴性皮炎daughter cyst 子囊ectopic parasitism 异位寄生egg 卵elephantiasis 象皮肿enterobiasis 蛲虫病Enterobius vermicularis erythrocytic stage 红细胞内期facultative parasite 兼性寄生虫fasciolopsiasisfasciolopsis buskifertile egg 受精卵filaria 丝虫filariasis 丝虫病filariform larvae 丝状蚴final host 终宿主flea 蚤fly 蝇gametocyte 配子体Giardia lamblia 蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫Giardiasis 贾第虫病gravid proglottid 孕节helminth 蠕虫helminthiasis 蠕虫病hemimetabola 不全变态hexacanth 六钩蚴hookworm disease 钩虫病host 宿主human parasitology 人体寄生虫学hydatid cyst 棘球蚴囊hydatid diseaseimmature proglottid 幼节immune evasion 免疫逃避infective stage 感染阶段infertile cyst 不育囊larva 幼虫larva migrans 幼虫移行症Leishmania donovani 杜氏利什曼原虫Leishmaniasis 利什曼病life cycle 生活史louse 虱macrogametocyte 大配子体malaria 疟疾malaria pigment 疟色素mature proglottid 成节medical arthropodology 医学节肢动物学merozoite 裂殖子metacercaria 囊蚴microfilaria 微丝蚴microgametocyte 雄配子体，小配子体miracidium 毛蚴mosquito 蚊myiasis 蛆病Necator americanus 美洲板口线虫Nematode 线虫nocturnal periodicity 夜现周期性nymph 若虫obligatory parasite 专性寄生虫onchosphere 六钩蚴oocyst 卵囊ovum 卵，卵细胞Pagumogonimus skrjabini 斯氏狸殖吸虫paragonimiasis 肺吸虫病parasite 寄生虫parasitic zoonosis 人兽共患寄生虫parasitism 寄生paratenic host （transport host）转续宿主plerocercoid （sparganum）裂头蚴Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢子虫premunition 带虫免疫procercoid 原尾蚴promastigote 前鞭毛体protoscolex 原头蚴protozoon （protozoa）原生动物pseudocyst 假包囊pupa 蛹recrudescence 再燃redia 雷蚴relapse 复发reservoir host 保虫宿主sandfly 白蛉sarcoptes mites 疥螨Sarcoptes scabiei 人疥螨scabies 疥疮Schistosoma haematobium 埃及血吸虫Schistosoma japomicum 日本血吸虫Schistosoma mansoni 曼氏血吸虫Schistosomiasis 血吸虫病schistosomule （schistosomula）童虫schizont 裂殖体Schuffners dots 薛氏小点scolex 头节soft ticks 软蜱somatic antigen 虫体抗原sparganosis 裂头蚴病Spirometra mansoni 曼氏迭宫绦虫sporocyst 胞蚴sporozoite 子孢子sterilizing immunity 消除性免疫surface antigen 表面抗原tachysporozoite 速发型子孢子tachyzoite 速殖子taeniasis 带绦虫病tapeworm 绦虫。
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microorganism微生物；bacterium细菌；Gram stain革兰染色；coccus球菌；bacillus 杆菌；vibro弧菌；peptidoglycan肽聚糖；teichoic acid磷壁酸；lipopolysaccharide(LPS) 脂蛋白；lipid A 脂质A；L formed bacteria L型细菌；mesosome中介体；plasmid质粒
formed bacteria L型细菌；mesosome中介体；plasmid质粒；capsule, 荚膜；flagellum,鞭毛；pilus, 菌毛；spore，芽胞
Pyrogen,热原质；toxin,毒素；growth curve, 生长曲线
Sterilization灭菌；disinfection消毒；autoclave压力蒸汽灭菌器；bacteriophage噬菌体；virulent phage毒性噬菌体；temperate phage 温和噬菌体
transposable element转座元件；transposon转座子;mutation突变；transformation 转化；conjugation接合；transduction转导；lysogenic conversion溶原性转换
pathogenicity 致病性；virulence毒力；exotoxin外毒素；endotoxin内毒素；normal flora正常菌群；conditioned pathogen机会致病菌；opportunistic infection机会性感染
specimens标本；isolation分离；identification鉴定；artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫；artificial passive immunization人工被动免疫；vaccine疫苗；toxoid 类毒素；antitoxin抗毒素
Staphlococcus葡萄球菌；Staphlococcus A protein葡萄球菌A蛋白；coagulase血浆凝固酶；enterotoxin肠毒素；Strptococcus链球菌；pyrogenic exotoxin致热外毒素；streptolysin链球菌溶素；hyaluronidase透明质酸酶
E.coli大肠埃希菌；ETEC肠产毒性大肠埃希菌；EIEC肠侵袭性大肠埃希菌；EPEC
肠致病性大肠埃希菌；EHEC肠出血性大肠埃希菌；LT不耐热肠毒素；Shigella 志贺菌；Salmonella沙门菌
Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌；Clostridium tetani 破伤风梭菌；C.perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌；C.botulinum 肉毒梭菌
mycobacterium tuberculosis结核分枝杆菌；acid-faststain抗酸染色；BCG卡介苗；OT test结核菌素试验；actinomycetes放线菌
mycoplasma支原体；chlamydia衣原体；inclusion body网状体；rickettsia立克次体；spirochete螺旋体；fungus真菌；hypha菌丝；spore孢子
capsid衣壳；envelope包膜；nucleocapsid核衣壳；replicative cycle复制周期；adsorption吸附；Penetration)穿入；uncoating脱壳；biosynthesis生物合成；defective viruse缺陷病毒；abortive infection顿挫感染
cytopathic effect，CPE细胞病变效应；slow virus infection慢发病毒感染；persistent infection持续性病毒感染；interferon，IFN干扰素
influenza virus流感病毒；hemagglutinin，HA血凝素；neuraminidase，NA 神经氨酸；antigenic drift抗原性漂移；antigenic shift抗原性转变；hepatitis B virus乙肝病毒；Dane颗粒；HBsAg乙肝表面抗原；HBIG高效价乙肝免疫球蛋白
HIV人类免疫缺陷病毒；AIDS艾滋病；prion朊粒。