初中英语语法——完成时【中考适用】

初中英语语法——完成时【中考适用】

(一）现在完成时

1．表示到目前为止已经完成的动作，强调该行为对现在造成的影响，常与already, yet, before, ever, never, just 等副词连用。

1)A: Have you got your air-tickets yet?

A: 你拿到机票了吗？

B: Yes, I’ve already got mine. / Not yet.

B: 是的，我已经那到了我的票了。/ 还没呢。

2)A: Have you ever been on a helicopter ? (ever, never, before 可表示一种经历)

A: 你曾坐过直升机吗？

B: Yes, I’ve just been on a helicopter. / No, I’ve never been on a helicopter.

B: 是的，我刚乘坐过直升机。不，我从未乘坐过直升机。

3)It’s the most beautiful building I’ve ever seen. (现在完成时ever +最高级)

这是我所见过的最漂亮的建筑。

She has never had a worse toothache.( 现在完成时never+比较级)

她从未有过比这更糟糕的牙痛。

4)I have never used a digital camera before. Can you teach me how to use it ?

我以前未用过数码相机。你能教我如何用它吗？

类比训练：

选择最佳答案：

1) A: Have Dave and Karen packed their suitcases ________ ?

B: Yes, they’ve ________ finished. Look! They are taking the suitcases downstairs.

A) already… already B) already… just

C) yet….already D) yet… just

答案：D。

解析：yet 用在否定句和疑问句中。already, just用在肯定句中，但already表示已经, just 表示刚好。句意：他们刚好收拾好行李,并提着他们下楼。

2)A: Have you ________ seen a dragon-boat race?

B: No, I’ve _______seen a dragon boat race. I hope I will go to see it while I’m in China.

A) ever… ever B) ever… never C) never… never D) never…ever

答案：B。

解析：ever 用在疑问句中。never表否定。

3)A: _______your younger brother _______ a foreign language before?

B: Yes, he has. He ________ German last year.

A) Have studied … studied B) Has studied… studied

C) Did study… has studied D) Did study… have studied

答案：B。

解析：现在完成时与before时间状语连用。last year 表明该句应用过去时。

4)I’ve _________ seen a __________ concert.

A) never… more wonderful B) never… the most wonderful

C) ever… more wonderful D) ever… the most wonderful

答案：A。

解析：现在完成时never+比较级。句意：她从未看过比这更精彩的音乐会。

表示持续到现在的动作或状态, 常与since, for, how long 等表示一段时间的状语连用。

a) A: How long have you learned English?

A: 到目前为止你学英语有多久了？

B: Since I was in Grade One / Since 1997 / Since 8 years ago

/ For 8 years.

B:自从我上一年级以来。/ 自从1997年以来。/ 自从8年前以来。/到目前已有8年了。（since后接句子，或时间点；for 后接时间段。）

b) A: How long have you been like this?

A: 你像这样有多久了?

B: Since this morning.

B: 自从今天早上以来。

类比训练：

用since for how long 填空：

1) A: __________ have you waited here?

B: ________ half past eight.

答案：How long (多久), Since(接时间点)。

2) A: ________ when have you lived in Los Angeles?

B: _________ we emigrated (移居)from China.

答案：Since(接时间点, since when 相当于how long), Since后接句子。

3) They have owned that business __________ eight months.

答案：for (后接时间段)。

4) I haven’t felt very well ________ a week ago.

答案：since(接时间点)。

(二) 现在完成时和一般过去时区别

1. A: Have you had your lunch yet?

B: Yes, I have.

现在完成时强调该行为对现在造成的结果和影响。上述答句隐含着“不饿”的意思。

A: When did you have it ?

B: At about twelve.

A: Where did you have it?

B: At school.

一般过去时强调过去的事实，如：时间、地点、原因或方式。