第三章 酶

㄀ϝゴ䝊

ēXD.Rong

ὖ䗄

䝊 ⌏ ⱘ⫳⠽ ⌏㒚㚲䞠 ⫳ 䞣ⱘ ϛ ⱘ DŽ Ѣ䖭ѯ ˈ ϔϾ䖛ѢФ㾖ⱘ Ⳉ ⠽ ⠽ㅔ ⏋ 㕂Ѣ䆩ㅵЁ ˈ Т≵ ϔϾ㛑 ҹ ⱘ䗳⥛䖯㸠 DŽ г䆌 ҹ 催⏽ Ң㗠䖿Փ 䖯㸠DŽҪг ҹ ϔѯ䴲䗝 ⱘ ˈ 䝌 ⺅DŽԚ Ҏԧ ϡ 䖭ḋ 䖤ⱘ ӊϟⱘˈ Ўԧ⏽ pH 䛑㹿 ϔϾ⣁じⱘ㣗 DŽ

ℸˈҎ㉏䳔㽕ձ䴴催 䗝 ⱘ ˈ䖭⾡ ⿄Ў䝊DŽҢ Нⳟˈ ϔ⾡ ҹ 䗳 ˈ㗠 䖛⿟Ёϡ㹿⍜㗫ⱘ⠽䋼DŽ Ў 㛑 ↣Ͼ ⱘ 䞡⫳ˈϔϾ ϔⱘ ҹՓ䆌 ⱘ ⠽ ѻ⠽DŽ ℸˈ 䳔㽕 䞣ⱘ 䎇 њDŽ

䝊䗮 㲟ⱑ䋼ˈ 催 催 ⱘ⡍ ˈ 䋳ⴔ ϔ ҷ䇶 ⱘ԰⫼DŽḌ䝊 䋼ⱘRNADŽ Ӏ԰Ўϔ⾡䝊ˈ԰⫼ⱘЏ㽕 ⠽ Ḍ䝌ˈгϡ 㲟ⱑ䋼 䙷М 㾕DŽ

԰Ў㲟ⱑ䋼ⱘ䝊 Ӏ 㞾ⱘϔ㑻ǃѠ㑻ǃϝ㑻㒧 ˈ 㗙 ⱘг 㑻㒧 DŽ ҙ ϔ 㚑 ⱘ䝊⿄԰ ԧ䝊DŽ ԧ䝊 ϝ㑻㒧 DŽ ϸ ⱘѮ ҹ䴲 Ӌ԰⫼㒧 ϔ䍋ⱘ䝊 ԰ 㘮䝊DŽ 䝊ԧ㋏ ϔѯ ϡ 㛑ⱘ䝊ⱘ ˈ ԰ 䝊 ⠽DŽ⬅Ѣ䖯 䖛⿟Ёⱘ 㵡 ˈՓ ϔϾ㚑 ⾡ 㛑DŽ 䖭㉏䝊⿄԰ 㛑䝊 І㘨䝊DŽ

г ҹḍ 䝊ⱘ㒘 Ў 㒃䝊 㒧 䝊DŽ 㒃䝊㽕∖ 㒧 Ё䰸њ⇼ 䝌⅟ П ˈ≵ ӏԩ Ҫⱘ⠽䋼DŽ ㋴䝊ǃḌ㊪Ḍ䝌䝊ǃϔѯ㲟ⱑ䝊ǃ⎔㉝䝊 㛖㙾䝊 Ѣ 㒃䝊ϔ㉏DŽ ⿄԰㒧 䝊ⱘϔ㉏䝊䞠ˈ䆌 䝊ⱘ ⌏ ϡҙձ䌪Ѣ 㲟ⱑ䋼䚼 ˈ㗠Ϩ䖬ձ䌪Ѣ 䴲㲟ⱑ䚼 ˈ䴲㲟ⱑ䋼䚼 ԰䕙 DŽ㒧 䝊ⱘ㲟ⱑ䋼䚼 ԰䝊㲟ⱑDŽ䕙 㛑 ⾏ ⿄Ў䕙䝊ⱘ DŽ Ӌ 䴲 Ӌ 㒧 䝊㲟ⱑϞⱘ䕙䝊 䞥 ⾏ ԰䕙 DŽ䝊㲟ⱑ 䕙 䛑≵ ⣀ⱘ ⌏ ˈ 䝊 㒧 ⱘ䕙䝊 䞥 ⾏ ϔ䍋 㛑 ⱘ ⌏ ˈ⿄ПЎ 䝊DŽ

䝊㲟ⱑ˄ ⌏ ˅+䕙 = 䝊˄ ⌏ ˅

䞥 ⾏ K+ǃNa+ǃMg2+ǃCu2+˄Cu+˅ǃZn2+ǃFe2+˄Fe3+˅ 㾕ⱘ䕙 ˈ㑺 ϝ ПѠⱘ䝊 䞥 ⾏ DŽ䞥 ⾏ 䝊Ё 䋳ⴔ ⾡ 㛑DŽ䞥 ⾏ ҹ ⌏ Ё ⱘ 䳔 ⱘϔ䚼 ˈ䗮䖛䕀䖤⬉ 䗳 DŽ䞥 ⾏ ҹ 䖲 䝊 ⠽ⱘḹṕˈ DŽ䞥 ⾏ ҹ〇 䝊 ⱘ ˈ Ё 䋳⬉㥋 䴭⬉ DŽ

⠽ ϔѯ 䋼〇 ⱘ⠽䋼ˈ ϔѯⷁ ⱘ⬉ ǃ䋼 ϔѯ⡍⅞ 㛑 ⱘ 㗙ˈҢ㗠 Ϣ DŽ 䕙䝊 ϔ 㓈⫳㋴ 㓈⫳㋴ 䑿DŽ 佂亳Ёⱘ㓈⫳㋴ ϡ䎇 ˈձ䌪Ѣ䖭㉏䕙䝊ⱘ 䰏⹡DŽ 㒧 䝊䞠ˈ䝊㲟ⱑⱘЏ㽕 㛑 ⱘ⡍ ⧚ˈ䕙䝊 ⱘ⾡㉏ 䋼DŽ

䝊ⱘ⌏ Ё 䝊 㸠 㛑ⱘ䚼ԡ

䝊 ѢϔϾ⬅ ⠽䴲 Ӌ 㒧 䝊㲟ⱑ㸼䴶ⱘ⌏ Ё ˄ ⿄⌏ 䚼ԡ˅ ⱘ䝊- ⠽ ⠽DŽ⌏ Ё ϸ⾡ 㛑 ˖㒧 㒧 ⠽ˈ ⠽䕀 ѻ⠽DŽ 䕙 ԰Ў䕙䝊 ˈг䖲 㒧 ϞDŽ㒧 䝊 ⌏ ⱘ 䳔 DŽ⌏ Ё Ϟ 㾕ⱘ 䳔 㒘⇼䝌Ϟⱘ ǃϱ⇼䝌Ϟⱘ㕳 ǃ 㛅⇼䝌Ϟⱘ 䈋⇼䝌Ϟⱘ¤-㕻 DŽ

⌏ Ё ϔϾϝ㓈ⱘ⭣∈ⱘ 㹟ǃ㓱䱭 ⋲えˈ⬅ 䳔 կⱘ⇼ 䝌⅟ ˈ䗮 ⊯ⱘ ϔ㑻㒧 Ё ⱘ ˈ Ͼ 㚑䫒ⱘ ϔ䚼 DŽ

ḍ 䩹 -䫕῵ ⧚䆎ˈ ⠽ ⌏ Ё Ў ⱘ㸼䴶 Ѧ㸹ⱘˈ ҹⳌѦ㒧 DŽ✊㗠ˈ 䆌 ϟˈ ⠽ⱘ㒧 䇅 ⌏ Ё 䈵 ⫳ ˈ 㟈 䖯ϔℹⱘ䝊- ⠽ⱘⳌѦ԰⫼ˈ ѻ⫳⌏ ԰⫼Ѣ ⠽DŽ⿄ПЎ䇅 ⧚䆎DŽϔѯ ⌏ Ё ⱘ 䳔 㛑 㓈 ⌏ Ё ⱘ կ乱 ⱘ㒧 䚼ԡ䖒 䜡Ⳃⱘ ✊԰⫼DŽ

䝊 ϟ⬅ϡ ⱘ 㓪ⷕ

⾡ ⱘ䝊 ϡ ⱘ ϡ ⱘ 䯈 ϔϾ ˈԚ Ӏⱘ 㒧 ϡ ˈ⧚ 䋼ϡ ˈ 䋼ϡ ˈ䖭ḋⱘϔ㒘䝊 ԰ 䝊DŽ⬅ϡ 㓪ⷕⱘ 䝊 ⳌѦ ⑤ⱘˈ ϡ ⱘ㒘㒛 㒚㚲 ϡ ⱘ 䰊↉㸼䖒ⱘѻ⠽DŽ

䝊ⱘϔϾ䞡㽕ⱘ ՟ ч䝌㜅⇶䝊˄LDH˅ˈ㛑 ϭ䝂䝌 ч䝌П䯈ⱘⳌѦ䕀 DŽ䖭⾡⌏ 䝊 ⬅H˄ 㙠 ˅ M˄偼傐㙠 ˅Ѯ ⱘ 㘮ԧDŽ12 㡆ԧϞⱘb 㓪ⷕHѮ ˈ11 㡆ԧϞⱘa 㓪ⷕMѮ DŽ䖭ϸ⾡Ѯ 㛑 㒧 Ѩ⾡ 㘮ԧ 䝊H4ǃMH3ǃM2H2ǃM3H M4DŽ pH8.6 ⬉⋇ˈ 䝊1˄H4˅ⱘ䗳⥛ ˈ 䝊5˄M4˅ DŽ↣ϔ⾡LDH䛑 㒘㒛⡍ ˈЏ㽕ձ䌪Ѣ㒘㒛ЁH MѮ ⱘ㒧 ↨՟DŽ 㙠 偼傧䞠Џ㽕ѻ⫳HѮ ˈ㗠㙱㛣 偼傐㙠Џ㽕ѻ⫳MѮ DŽ Ҫ㒘㒛ϸ㗙ⱚѻ⫳DŽ

䡈 䆞 㽕∖ 䝊ⱘ ⾏⌟ ˈ 䳔㽕Ϣ 䝊 ⌟ DŽ՟ ˈ 㛌⮐ ⱘ1 2 ⌟ LDH1 LDH2 催ˈ䅸Ў 㙠ṫ⅏ˈ✊㗠㚎ṫ⅏П 乘 LDH3ǃLDH4 LDH5 催DŽ㒧 LDHǃ ⇼䝌䕀⇼䝊˄AST˅ 㙠䝌▔䝊˄CK˅∈ 催䅸Ў 㙠ṫ⅏ˈ✊㗠 催ⱘLDH∈ Ϣ催 Ԣⱘℷ AST CK∈ ⱘ㚎ṫ⅏DŽ

㙠䝌▔䝊 ⦄ 㙠㙝㒘㒛Ёˈ ˖㙠䝌+ATPė⻋䝌㙠䝌+ADP

䰸њ㙠㙝㒘㒛ˈ 㛥 䞣ⱘCKDŽCK ϸϾⳌㄝѮ ⱘ ㋴DŽϸϾ⿡ ϡ ⱘ ԧ ⦄ 㒘㒛䞠˖MѮ 偼傐㙠䞠ˈBѮ 㛥䞠DŽ 㙠Џ㽕 MѮ ˈԚг ϔѯBѮ DŽ䖭ϸ⾡Ѯ 㛑 ϝ⾡ 䝊˖BB(CK-1)ˈMB(CK-2) MM(CK-3)DŽ

CK-2 䝊⫼԰ 㙠ṫ⅏ⱘ䆞 DŽ Ϲ䞡ⱘ 㙠ṫ⅏П ⳟ CK-2˄ϢCK-3ϔ䍋˅ 催DŽCKǃLDH AST ⫼Ѣ䆞 Ϲ䞡 㙠ṫ⅏ ⫼ⱘ䝊DŽ䖭ѯ䝊ⱘ⌧ ⱘ 䯈 ⼎ 3.2䞠DŽ

䝊 催 䗝

䝊 ϡ ⱘ ⥛

䝊㛑 催 䗳 DŽ䝊 ⥛↨Ⳍ ⱘ䴲 催106~1012 ˈ↨ϔ㠀ⱘ Ⳍ ⱘ 催 Ͼ 䞣㑻DŽ䆌 䝊 Ϣ 䩳 䖯㸠ˈ㗠䖭ѯ ≵ ⱘ ϟ䳔㽕 ⫮㟇 ⱒϛ ҹ䖒 㸵DŽ䕀 䗄䝊ⱘ ⥛DŽ䕀 ↣ϔϾ䝊 ↣⾦ 䝊 ⠽佅 ⱘ ϟ ⠽䕀 ѻ⠽ⱘ ⳂDŽ㸼Ḑ3.4 ϔѯ䝊ⱘ䕀 DŽ

䝊 ⠽ 催 ⱘ⡍

䝊 ԰⫼ ⠽ 催 ⱘ䗝 DŽ䝊Ϣϔ⾡ ⾡⡍ ⱘ ⠽԰⫼ˈ 㗙 ϔ⾡ 䬂ѻ⫳ ⾡⹂ ⱘѻ⠽DŽ䖭⾡ 䋼⿄Ў䝊ⱘ⡍ DŽ

ϔѯ䝊 Ϣ⡍ 㒧 ⱘ ⠽ ˈ ϔϾ⡍ ⱘ ѻ⫳⡍ ⱘѻ⠽DŽ䖭⾡ 䋼⿄԰㒱 ⡍ DŽ՟ ˈ㜆䝊 Ӯ ㋴∈㾷 CO2 H2ODŽ⧹⦔䝌㜅⇶䝊 㛑 ⫳ ⧹⦔䝌Ϣ 㚵㋶䝌П䯈ⱘ⇻ 䖬 DŽ䖭ḋˈ 䖭⾡䝊㹿㥃⠽ 㗙 㔎䱋 㟈ⱘ㔎У њˈ ϔϾ 㹿䰏⹡DŽ

ϔѯ䝊 ϔ⾡ 䬂㗠Ϣ ⠽

DŽ՟ 㫫㊪䝊㛑∈㾷㫫㊪ ẝ ㊪DŽϡ ⱘ㲟ⱑ䝊∈㾷㲟ⱑ䋼Ϟϡ ԡ㕂ⱘ㚑䬂DŽ㛄㲟ⱑ䝊 䌪⇼䝌 ㊒⇼䝌⅟ ⱘ㚑䬂∈㾷 㖄 DŽ㊰㲟ⱑ䝊԰⫼Ѣ㣃ϭ⇼䝌ǃ䜾⇼䝌 㡆⇼䝌⅟ ⱘ㚑䬂ˈ Ң㕻 䚼ԡ DŽ⇼ 㚑䝊∈㾷 㚑䫒⇼ ッⱘ㚑䬂ˈ㗠㕻 㚑䝊∈㾷 㚑䫒㕻 ッⱘ㚑䬂DŽℸ㉏ ⠽ⱘ⡍ ⿄ЎⳌ ⡍ DŽ 㲟ⱑ䋼⻋䝌 ⱘϡ 㲟ⱑ䋼▔䝊䆚 ⠽㒧 ⡍ ⱘ DŽ

ϔѯ䝊 ゟԧ ԧ 催 ⱘ⡍ ˈ ҹ⿄԰ゟԧ⡍ DŽ՟ ˈ㛄㲟ⱑ䝊 ∈㾷L-⇼ 䝌 ⱘ 㚑ˈԚϡ㛑∈㾷䙷ѯD-⇼ 䝌 ⱘ 㚑DŽ ḋⱘˈ Ϣ㨵㧘㊪ҷ䇶ⱘ䝊 D-㨵㧘㊪ 㸡⫳⠽ ⡍ DŽ

⾡ 䝊

䝊 ѢϔϾ䝊- ⠽ ⠽ⱘ DŽ ⠽ҹ ⧚ ⱘ 㒧 ⌏ Ё ⱘ⡍ Փ䝊 ⥛ⱘ DŽ

䝊䰡Ԣњ⌏ 㛑

㞾⬅㛑ⱘ ˄ƸG˅ ⱘ偅 DŽ䋳ⱘƸG ϔϾ 㛑䞣ⱘ DŽ䖭Ͼ 㛑㞾 ⱘ⬅ ⠽ ѻ⠽DŽ✊㗠 䰙Ϟˈ䆌 䖭ḋⱘ ϡӮ 㗠 㾕ⱘ 䗳⥛DŽ ˈ ⱘ 䴲 ⱘ 䞠ˈ ⠽ ѻ⠽П 䛑 䳔䕀 ϔϾ䖛⏵ DŽ䖛⏵ ⱘ㒧 ⠽ ѻ⠽ⱘЁ䯈ԧˈԚ ⱘ㞾⬅㛑 䞣 催DŽ ℸˈ ϡ〇 㾷ˈ Тゟ ѻ⠽ ⠽DŽ䖛⏵ ⱘ Ͼ ⱘ䰤䗳ℹ偸DŽ

3.3Ёⱘ Ͼ 䞞 㛑䞣ⱘˈ Ўѻ⠽↨ ⠽ⱘ㞾⬅㛑 䞣 ԢˈԚ Ң ⠽ 䖛⏵ ⱘ 㛑䞣ⱘDŽ ⠽ 䖛⏵ П䯈ⱘ㞾⬅㛑ⱘ ⿄԰⌏ 㛑 ⌏ 㞾⬅㛑˄ƸG act˅DŽ䖭 ⠽ ⳌѦ⺄ ⱘ 㛑 䳔䘒䍞ⱘϔϾ㛑 DŽ

䝊 ҹ〇 䖛⏵ ˈҢ㗠䰡Ԣ ⱘ㞾⬅㛑 䞣DŽѢ 䝊䗮䖛䰡Ԣ⌏ 㛑㗠 њ 䗳⥛DŽℷ 䗚 ⱘ 䗳⥛㹿 㸵ⱘ DŽ ℸˈ 㸵 ϡ DŽ

䝊Փ䖛⏵ 〇 ⱘϔѯ ⧚

䝊㛑䗮䖛Փ䖛⏵ ⱘ Ў 㛑 ⫳ⱘџӊ㗠Փ ⱘ䖛⏵ 〇 ˈҢ㗠 њ䖛⏵ ⱘ➉ˈ 䗮䖛Ϣ䖛⏵ 㛑䞣Ϟ ⱘ䴲 Ӌ԰⫼ˈҢ㗠䰡Ԣ ⱘ⛧DŽ䝊 ⱘ ⾡ ˖

˄A˅➉ ⠽ Ё ⠽ⳌѦ䴴䖥 ⦄ⱘDŽ ⠽ҹℷ⹂ⱘ ԩ 䎇ⱘ㛑䞣⺄ 㛑 䖛⏵ DŽ䝊 њ ⠽㒥 ⱘ⌏ Ё ˈՓП 䖥㗠Ϩ ℷ⹂ⱘ ԩ ⱘ 㛑 DŽ䖭⾡԰⫼⿄԰Ā䍟䖥 ā Ā āDŽ

˄B˅䖛⏵ ⱘぎ䯈ゟԧ〇 ԰⫼ ⫳ 䝊Ϣ䖛⏵ 㒧 ⱘⳌѦ԰⫼԰⫼ ѢϢ ⠽ⱘⳌѦ԰⫼ⱘ DŽ䖭ḋⳌ Ѣ ⠽䰡Ԣњ䖛⏵ ⱘ㞾⬅㛑 䞣ˈƸG actг䱣П䰡ԢDŽ䖭⾡԰⫼㹿 ԰Ā ⠽ āˈ Ў䝊Փ ⠽ њ䖛⏵ ⱘ ⢊DŽ

˄C˅ϔ㠀ⱘ䝌⺅ ⫼䝊Ϟ㛑⬉⾏ⱘ 䋼 կԧ 㗙䋼 ԧDŽ䝊г ҹ ⬉ ⱘկԧ ԧˈ ҹ ⳟ԰䏃 䝌 䏃 ⺅DŽ ϔѯ ϟˈ䝊 ⠽ կϔϾ䋼 Ң ⠽䕀⿏ϔϾ⬉ ՓП 䖛⏵ ˗ ϔѯ ϟˈ䝊䗮䖛䴭⬉԰⫼ Փ䖛⏵ 〇 DŽϔ㠀ⱘ䝌⺅ 䝊 pHձ䌪 ⱘ䞡㽕 DŽ 䖭㉏ ⱘ⬉⾏ 䳔 Ѣℷ⹂ⱘ䋼 ⢊ DŽ՟ ˈ 䳔㽕ϔϾ 䋼 ⱘpK4.0ⱘ䈋⇼䝌ջ䫒԰Ўϔ㠀ⱘ⺅ˈ䋼 ⱘpK6.0ⱘ㒘⇼䝌ջ䫒԰Ўϔ㠀ⱘ䝌ˈ pH 4.0~6.0П䯈 Ӯ 䕗催ⱘ 䗳⥛DŽ

˄D˅ Ӌ Ёˈ䝊Ϣ ⠽ ⷁ ⱘ Ӌ䬂DŽϱ⇼䝌㲟ⱑ䝊 ϔϾ さ ⱘ՟ DŽ㊰㲟ⱑ䝊ⱘ 䰙Ϟ ϸϾ DŽ ㄀ϔϾ Ёˈ ⠽Ёⱘ㚑䬂 㺖ˈ ЁϔϾ䚼 Ϣ䝊ⱘ⌏ Ё ⱘϱ⇼䝌ջ䫒 Ӌ㒧 䝄 -䝊Ё䯈ԧDŽ㄀ѠϾ Ё䯈ԧ∈㾷 㺖DŽ

ḍ 䝊ⱘ ㉏ ㉏

䝊䗮䖛 Ӏ ⱘ ㉏ ḍ 䝊 ⱘ㉏ ˈ䝊㹿 Ў ϟ ㉏˖