考博英语(词汇)模拟试卷24(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编2(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．As skies fill with millions of migrating birds, European scientists say the seasonal miracle appears to depend on a seeming______: The fatter the bird, the more efficiently it flies.(浙江大学2010年试题)A．interruptionB．descriptionC．qualificationD．contradiction正确答案：D解析：在给出的选项中：interruption“中断”；description“描述”；qualification “资格”；contradiction“矛盾”。
contradiction一词总结了原句中解释性分句表达的意思。
所以，正确答案是D。
2．The party leader justified his subsequent re-election______that he had brought political stability and economic development to his country.(浙江大学2010年试题)A．in the wayB．by no meansC．on the groundsD．to the extent正确答案：C解析：在给出的选项中：in the way“在路上”；by no means“绝不”；on thegrounds“基于”；to the extent“到……程度”。
所以，正确答案是C。
3． A leading British scholar has proposed translating Shakespeare into contemporary English______young audience who are confused by jokes which are 400 years out of date.(浙江大学2010年试题)A．in memory ofB．at the cost ofC．on behalf ofD．for the benefit of正确答案：D解析：在给出的选项中：in memory of“纪念”；at the cost of“以某种代价”；onbehalf of“代表”；for the benefit of“为了某人的利益”。
考博英语(词汇)练习试卷20(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）练习试卷20(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．A rapid portfolio turnover rate may preclude low long-term capital gains.A．prohibitB．lagC．preventD．reject正确答案：C解析：本题中，preclude的意思是“排除”。
C项prevent“防止”符合题意，如：It is the job of the police to prevent crime．(防止犯罪是警察的职责。
)其他三项prohibit“禁止”，lag“落后于”，reject“拒绝”都不正确。
知识模块：词汇2．For a particular reason, he wanted the information to be treated as______.A．assuredB．reservedC．intimateD．confidential正确答案：D解析：四个选项的含义分别是：assured确实的，确定的；reserved包租的，保留的；intimate(关系)亲密的，密切的，私人的；confidential机密的，秘密的。
根据题意，应选D，treat sth．confidential对某事保密。
句意：因特殊的原因，他希望这个信息被保密。
知识模块：词汇3．The question of salary increase will______at the next general meeting.A．come offB．come upC．come toD．come through正确答案：B解析：A项come off表示“离开”，B项come up表示“被提出”，C项come to表示“苏醒，共计”，D项come through表示“经历，完成”。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编30(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编30(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．Recent research into aging suggests that the body’s defense mechanisms may lose the ability to distinguish what is alien.(2003年春季电子科技大学考博试题) A．insaneB．infectiousC．foreignD．poisonous正确答案：C解析：本题中，alien的意思是“外来的，不同的”。
四个选项中，foreign的意思是“外国的，异质的”，如：a foreign object in the eye．(眼睛中的异物)。
insane 的意思是“患精神病的，极度愚蠢的”；infectious的意思是“有传染性的，易感染的”。
只有C项符合题意。
2．It is impossible to ______ whether she’ll be well enough to come home from the hospital next month.(2004年湖北省考博试题)A．foreseeB．inferC．fabricateD．inhibit正确答案：A解析：本题意为“很难预见她是否能在下个月出院回家”。
A项的“foresee 预见”符合题意。
其他三项“infer推论、推断；fabricate制作、装配，伪造；inhibit 禁止、约束”都不正确。
3．She said some bad things about me, but I have______her for that.A．releasedB．freedC．forgivenD．regretted正确答案：C解析：forgive vt．原谅，饶恕，宽恕。
医学考博英语试题及答案
医学考博英语试题及答案一、词汇与语法（共20分，每题1分）1. The new drug is reported to be effective in treating_______.A. hypertensionB. hypotensionC. hyperactivityD. hypoactivity答案：A2. The patient's condition has been stable since the _______ of the medication.A. administrationB. admissionC. communicationD. commutation答案：A3. The doctor advised the patient to avoid _______ foods.A. allergenicB. allergicC. allergenD. allergy答案：A4. The _______ of the surgery was successful, but thepatient's recovery was slow.A. executionB. implementationC. performanceD. operation答案：D5. The _______ of the disease is influenced by genetic factors.A. progressionB. regressionC. transmissionD. transition答案：A二、阅读理解（共30分，每篇5分）Passage 1Recent studies have shown that a balanced diet can significantly reduce the risk of heart disease. Experts recommend consuming a variety of fruits and vegetables, whole grains, lean proteins, and healthy fats. It is also important to limit the intake of salt, sugar, and saturated fats.5. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of a balanced dietB. The role of fruits and vegetables in heart healthC. The dangers of salt, sugar, and saturated fatsD. The benefits of lean proteins and healthy fats答案：A6. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT recommended for heart health?A. Consuming a variety of fruits and vegetablesB. Eating whole grainsC. Limiting the intake of salt and sugarD. Eating large amounts of saturated fats答案：DPassage 2The use of electronic health records (EHRs) has increased significantly in recent years. EHRs provide a comprehensive view of a patient's medical history, which can improve the quality of care. However, the implementation of EHRs also presents challenges, such as ensuring data privacy and security.7. What is the main advantage of EHRs mentioned in the passage?A. They provide a complete medical historyB. They improve patient-doctor communicationC. They reduce medical errorsD. They lower healthcare costs答案：A8. What challenge is associated with the use of EHRs?A. Ensuring data privacy and securityB. Training medical staff to use the systemC. Maintaining the hardware for the systemD. Complying with legal regulations答案：A三、完形填空（共20分，每题2分）In recent years, telemedicine has become increasingly popular as a means of providing medical care to patients in remoteareas. This approach allows doctors to consult with patients via video conference, 9. which can save both time and money. Telemedicine can also 10. provide access to specialized care that may not be available locally.9. A. therebyB. moreoverC. howeverD. otherwise答案：A10. A. potentiallyB. actuallyC. certainlyD. occasionally答案：A四、翻译（共30分，每题15分）将下列句子从英文翻译成中文。
考博英语(阅读理解)练习试卷24(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（阅读理解）练习试卷24(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Reading ComprehensionReading ComprehensionRoger Rosenblatt’s book Black Fiction, in attempting to apply literary rather than sociopolitical criteria to its subject, successfully alters the approach taken by most previous studies. As Rosenblatt notes, criticism of Black writing has often served as a pretext for expounding on Black history. Addison Gayle’s recent work, for example, judges the value of Black fiction by overtly political standards, rating each work according to the notions of Black identity which it propounds. Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances, its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological, and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise. Rosenblatt’s literary analysis discloses affinities and connections among works of Black fiction which solely political studies have overlooked or ignored. Writing acceptable criticism of Black fiction, however, presupposes giving satisfactory answers to a number of questions. First of all, is there a sufficient reason other than the racial identity of the author? Second, how does Black fiction make itself distinct from other modern fiction with which it is largely contemporaneous? Rosenblatt shows that Black fiction constitutes a distinct body of writing that has an identifiable, coherent literary tradition. Looking at novels written by Blacks over the last eight years, he discovers recurring concerns and designs independent of chronology. These structures are thematic, and they spring, not surprisingly, from the central fact that the Black characters in these novels exist in a predominantly white culture, whether they try to conform to that culture or rebel against it. Black Fiction does leave some aesthetic questions open, Rosenblatt s thematic analyses permits considerable objectivity; he even explicitly states that it is not his intention to judge the merit of the various works yet his reluctance seems misplaced, especially since an attempt to appraise might have led to interesting results. For instance, some of the novels appear to be structurally diffuse. Is this a defect, or are the authors working out of, or trying to forge, a different kind of aesthetic? In addition, the style of some Black novels, like Jean Toomer’s Cane, verges on expressionism or surrealism; does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the late against which black heroes are pitted, a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression? In spite of such omissions, what Rosenblatt does include in his discussion makes for an astute and worthwhile study. Black Fiction surveys a wide variety of novels, bringing to our attention in the process some fascinating and little-known works like James Weldon Johnson’s Autobiography of an Ex-Colored Man. Its argument is tightly constructed, and is forthright, lucid style exemplifies levelheaded and penetrating criticism. (444 words)1．The author of the passage objects to the Black fiction made by Addison Gayle because itA．emphasizes purely literary aspects of such fictionB．misinterprets the ideological content of such fictionC．overlooks the notions of Black identity contained in such fictionD．substitutes sociopolitical criteria for literary criteria in evaluating such fiction正确答案：D解析：文章第一段已清楚地表明，Addison Gayle最近出的书用的是社会政治标准来评价黑人小说，是不对的。
考博英语词汇和翻译练习题及答案
考博英语练习题1. Daily nutrition, weight, and physical activities in the family will largely determine whether your children are _____ to children diabetes.A. likelyB. susceptibleC. influentialD. Sustainable2. The accusations we bring against others should be ____ ourselves; they should not ____ complacency and easy judgments on our part concerning our own moral conduct.A. denigration of.., excludeB. instructions to... equateC. parodies of... satirizeD. warnings to... justify【翻译练习】1、英译汉参考译文The researchers, from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, say when people are living together they share behaviors, such as eating meals together and watching TV. The scientists also note that marriage provides a number of health benefits, including decreased cigarette smoking and lower mortality.2、汉译英上海举行的峰会可以促进六国之间的友好合作关系。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编50(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编50(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．Our manager is so______ in his thinking, he never listens to new ideas.(2013年厦门大学考博试题)A．stiffB．rigidC．tenseD．tight正确答案：B解析：四个选项的意思分别是stiff僵硬的，不灵活的；rigid<人>[在……方面]固执的，顽固的；tense拉紧的，绷紧的：tight严厉的，吝啬的。
句意是，我们经理对自己的想法非常固执，从来听不见新的想法。
根据句意推出正确答案是B选项。
2．America has now adopted more ______ European-style inspection systems, and the incidence of food poisoning is falling.(2014年厦门大学考博试题) A．discreteB．solemnC．rigorousD．autonomous正确答案：C解析：句意为：现在美国已经采用了更加严密的欧式检测系统，食物中毒发生率正在下降。
根据句意，只有C项rigorous“严密的，严格的”符合句意，故选C项。
A项意为“分离的”；B项意为“庄严的”；D项意为“自治的”，均不符合句意。
3．She has______ideas about becoming a famous actress.A．childishB．illusoryC．novelD．romantic正确答案：D解析：romantic a．不切实际的，爱空想的；浪漫的，传奇的(如：A romantic person likes to imagine things．Don’t be carried away with romantic notions．A romantic story is one about love or adventure．)。
考博英语词汇语法练习题(附答案详解)
考博英语词汇语法题考前恶补、全真模拟试题1. Although ______ Spanish, he attended the course.A. he was knowingB. he is knowingC. having a knowledge ofD. knows2. You ______ that letter to James. However, you didn’t.A. ought to writeB. ought to have writtenC. should writeD. should be writing3. Joseph was very lucky ______ with his life; he almost did not get out of the room.A. to escapeB. to have escapedC. to escapingD. to be escaping4. Bread and butter ______ liked by Westerners.A. isB. areC. wereD. be5. The back garden of our house contains a lawn, ______ very pleasant to sit on in summer.A. which isB. which it isC. it isD. where it is6. He set up in business ______ his own and was very successful.A. inB. ofC. onD. by7. John’s score on the test is the highest in the class; he ______ last night.A. must studyB. should have studiedC. must have studiedD. is sure to study8. Frank almost never received any education, ______ ?A. would heB. did heC. didn’t heD. wouldn’t he9. Even if his letter ______ tomorrow, it ______ too late to do anything.A. will arrive...isB. should arrive...wereC. arrives...will beD. arrives...would be10. We can hear ______ from the back of the room.A. just as goodB. just as easyC. just as wellD. easily as well11. To obtain a satisfactory result, one must apply two ______ of paint on a clean surface.A. coatsB. levelsC. timesD. courses12. The small mountain village was ______ by the snow for more than one month.A. cut backB. cut outC. cut offD. cut away13. Miss Green was ______ $100 for driving after drinking.A. finedB. chargedC. punishedD. posed14. Modern ______ perhaps causes more problems than it solves.A. techniqueB. technologyC. tacticsD. tendency15. Mary tiptoed over and took the clock away because she hated to hear it ______ when she was trying to go to sleep.A. soundingB. ringingC. tickingD. humming16. Under this ______ pressure some of the rocks even became liquid.A. intensiveB. weightyC. intenseD. bulky17. Of course, most immigrants did not get rich overnight, but the ______ of them were eventually able to improve upon their former standard of living.A. maximumB. minorityC. majorityD. minimum18. Nancy was surprised that they have ______ . They seemed to be a happy couple.A. split upB. broken downC. fallen throughD. knocked out19. The beach is in an ideal ______ to draw tourists.A. conditionB. situationC. stateD. publicity20. Our ______ sensitivity decreases with age.By age60, most people have lost 40 percent of their ability to smell and50 percent of their taste buds.A. sensibleB. senselessC. sensitiveD. sensory21. The eldest child is thoroughly ______ because they always give him whatever he wants.A. wastedB. spoiledC. destroyedD. uneducated22. If a substance is dissolved in water or heated, it may ______a gas.A. give intoB. give overC. give offD. give away23. His manner was so pleasant that Bolla felt at ______ with him at once.A. peaceB. largeC. easeD. best24. —Can you take the day off tomorrow?—Well, I’ll have to get ______ from my boss.A. permissionB. permitC. allowanceD. possession25. The ______ in Janet’s c haracter has hindered her from advancement in her career.A. weaknessB. meritC. defectD. shortcoming您的得分率为:/ 25 试题答案与解析1. C) 【句意】虽然只懂一点西班牙语,但他还是参加了这个课程的学习。
考博英语模拟试题及答案解析
考博英语模拟试题Part I Cloze (0. 5 x 20 = 10%)Directions: In this part you are asked to choose the best word for each blank in the passage. Write your answers on the answer sheet.The most famous painter in Victoria's history is Emily Carr. When she was a child，she discovered that walking in the woods 1 more to her than playing with other children, and that she was more interested in 2 the streets of old Victoria than playing at home with 3 and spending her time making up.Emily was a cute little girl who spent 4 of her childhood in Beacon Hill Park 5 was very close to her home. Drawing 6 her, and she also liked to play with the pets. She had ducks and chickens, and even 7 a monkey. She was 8 interested in the First Nations people and the Chinese people she saw in Victoria's Chinatown. Their culture and way of dressing seemed so 9 from her own.As she became a young, strong and 10 woman, Emily began to go on long trips into the forests to11 and draw what she saw. She loved the free and simple 12 of the First Nations people. In the summer of 1895 she went on 13 with two other women to 14 the wilderness along the Cowichan River that runs through Duncan, 15 north of Victoria.She knew more about their lifestyle and the forests of B. C. than 16 other European woman.When you look at her paintings you can sense the 17 of these dark mysterious forests. Her paintings are now very famous and, 18 the dark colors may not be attractive to some people, they19 the beauty and mystery of the deep woods and the skill of a great artist. Emily was a very brave and independent woman. She walked through the woods alone, even though she knew that bears and wolves might be her only 201. A. attracted B. appealed C. allured D. induced2. A. dashing B. strolling C. jogging D. roaming3. A. friends B. mates C. dolls D. parents4. A. much B. lots C. more D. many5. A. where B. which C. since D. it6. A. fascinated B. bewildered C. captured D. indulged7. A. fed B. domesticated C. trained D. confined8. A.particularly B.almost C. constantly D. intrinsically9. A. diverse B.various C. distinct D.outstanding10. A. special B. independent C. lonely D. unaided11. A. paint B. record C. describe D. take12. A. society B. work C. lifestyle D. pace13. A. an adventure B. an exploitation C. a tour D. an expedition14. A. check B. explore C. examine D. search15. A. only B. just C. much D. in16. A. any B. some C. certain D. none17. A. mood B. tone C. taste D. atmosphereI8. A. if B. otherwise C. though D. but19. A. evoke B. arouse C. remind D. raise20. A.enemies B. foods C. companions D. friendsⅡ. Reading comprehension (20 x 2 = 40% )Directions: There are four passages in this part. After each passage, there are five questions, you are to choose the best answer for each question. Write your answers on the answer sheet.Passage OneFast food, a mainstay of American eating for decades, may have reached a plateau in the United States as the maturing baby-boom generation looks for a more varied menu. Fast food still represents a $ 102 billion a year industry, but growth has turned sluggish recently amid tough competition from retail food stores and a more affluent population willing to try new things and spend more, analysts say. Signs of trouble in fast food include price-cutting by industry leaders, including efforts by McDonald's to attract customers with a 55 cent hamburger, and major players pulling out or selling. O'Pepsico, for example, is selling its fast-food restaurant division that includes Taco Bell, Pizza Hut and KFC."It's becoming harder and harder for these firms to grow," said Jim Brown, a professor of marketing at Virginia Tech University. "I think in the United States fast food has reached a saturation (饱和) point because of the number of competitors and the number of outlets."Fast-food restaurant revenues grew 2. 5 percent in 1996 according to industry figures, the slowest since the recession of 1991. That is for cry from (大不相同于) the levels of the 1970s and 1980s. According to the Food Marketing Institute, consumers are using supermarkets for 21 percent of take-home food, nearly double the level of a year ago. While fast-food restaurants still lead, their share slipped significantly, from 48 percent in 1996 to 41 percent in 1997."Consumers have never been more demanding than they are today," said Michael Sansolo, senior vice president of the Supermarket Trade Group. "They are pressed for time. Money is still an issue.-, but their tastes are increasingly diverse -- whether it's gourmet foods, ethnic foods or organic offerings."Meanwhile, the aging of the baby-boom population -- and the growth in the number of so-called "empty nesters" with grown children -- has meant a surge in the number of people willing to spend more for upscale items. This generation "will have the luxury of being more discriminating" as their children leave home, notes Harry Balzer, vice president of the Chicago-based NPD consulting group. Balzer said some 18 million baby boomers will become empty-nesters in the next 10 years, leaving them with more disposable income to spend on dining out. "Fast and cheap will still be driving factors.., but our definitions of fast and cheap may be changing."Various reports suggest industry leader McDonald's is struggling, losing market share, with lower same-store sales while cutting back the number of new outlets in the United States, partly due to pressure from franchisers who don't want to be squeezed. The company replaced the head of its 12,000 US restaurant chain last October amid a slump in US market share.21. What does the passage mainly tell about?A. Fast food disappoints consumers.B. People prefer less expensive food.C. McDonald's dominates the market of fast food.D. Fast food is losing its attraction.22. What can we learn from the passage?A. O'Pepsico goes bankrupt.B. The number of supermarkets doubles.C. Jim Brown takes a negative attitude towards the development of fast food.D. McDonald's survives from the competition with retail food stores.23. What is NOT true about baby-boom generation?A. They seek a variety of food.B. They have come of age.C. They will spend more money on food.D. They tend to have luxurious food.24. Which of the following is not mentioned as an influence on people's choices of food?A. Speed and price of the food.B. Diversity of the food.C. Tastes of the consumers.D. Age of the consumers.25. What brings trouble to fast food industry?A. Customers' demand and competition with retailers.B. The aging baby-boomer and diversity of food.C. Competition with retailers and diversity of food.D. Customers' demand and the aging of baby-boomer.Passage TwoParents of wailing (哀号) babies, take comfort: You are not alone. Chimpanzee babies fuss. Sea gull chicks squawk. Burying beetle larvae tap their parents' legs. Throughout the animal kingdom, babies know how to get their parents' attention. Exactly why evolution has produced all this fussing, squawking and tapping is a question many biologists are trying to answer.Someday, that answer may shed some light on the mystery of crying in human babies. "It may point researchers in the right direction to find the cause of excessive crying," said Joseph Soltis, a bioacoustics expert at Disney's Animal Kingdom in Lake Buena Vista. Florida. Soltis published an article on the evolution of crying in the current issue of Behavioral and Brain Sciences.Young animals vary in how much they cry, squawk or otherwise communicate with their parents, and studies with mice, beetles and monkeys show that this variation is partly based on genes. Some level of crying in humans, of course, is based on gas pains and messy diapers. But as for the genetic contribution, you might expect that natural selection would favor genes for noisier children, since they would get more attention.Before long, however, this sort of deception may be ruinous. If the signals of offspring became totally unreliable, parents would no longer benefit from paying attention. Some evolutionary biologists have proposed that natural selection should therefore favor so-called honest advertisements. Some biologists have speculated that these honest advertisements may not just tell a parent which offspring are hungry. They might also show their parent that they are healthy and vigorous and therefore worth some extra investment. The babies of monkeys cry out to their mothers and tend to cry even more around the time their mothers wean (断奶) them. The mothers, in response, begin to ignore most of their babies' distress calls, since most turn out to be false alarms."Initially, mothers respond any time an infant cries," said Dario Maestripieri, a primatologist at the University of Chicago. "But as the cries increase, they respond less and less. They become more skeptical. So infants start crying less. So they go through these cycles, adjusting their responses."Kim Bard, a primatologist at the University of Plymouth in England, has spent more than a decade observing chimpanzee babies. "Chimps can cry for a long time if something terrible is happening to them, but when you pick them up, they stop," Bard said. "I've never seen anychimpanzees in the first three months of life be inconsolable."Maestripieri and other researchers say these evolutionary forces may have also shaped the cries of human babies. "All primate infants cry." Maestripieri said. "It'sa very conserved behavior. It's not something humans have evolved on their own."26. What can be the most probable title of this passage?A. Parents Bothered by Babies' CryB. Infants Crying for Parents' AttentionC. Clues from Animals on Why Babies CryD. False Cry27. Which of the following statement is true according to the passage?A. Scientists discovered why animal infants cry.B. The difference in the amount of children's cry is somewhat due to genes.C. Babies have a violent reaction to the mother's ignorance.D. Chimpanzees' annoyance can hardly be alleviated.28. What is implied in Paragraph 4?A. Children with truthful cry may eventually draw their mothers' attention.B. Noisy infants are preferred by their mothers for their health and strength.C. Mothers would rather nurse the obedient babies.D. Mothers tend to ignore the deceitful cry.29. How do the parents respond to babies' cry?A. They come to doubt it.B. They take it seriously.C. They are indifferent to it.D. They are weary of it.30. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage as the reason for babies' cry?A. Discomfort.B. Hungry.C. Consolation.D. Thirsty.Passage ThreeWhenever I hear a weather report declaring it's the hottest June 10 on record or whatever, I can't take it too seriously, because "ever" really means "as long as the records go back", which is only as far as the late 1800s. Scientists have other ways of measuring temperatures before that, though -- not for individual dates, but they can ten the average temperature of a given year by such proxy measurements as growth marks incorals, deposits in ocean and lake sediments, and cores drilled into glacial ice. They can even use drawings of glaciers as there were hundreds of years ago compared with today.And in the most comprehensive compilation of such data to date, says a new report from the National Research Council, it looks pretty certain that the last few decades have been hotter than any comparable period in the last 400 years. That's a blow to those who claim the current warm spell is just part of the natural up and down of average temperatures -- a frequent assertion of the global -- warming-doubters crowd.The report was triggered by doubts about past-climate claims made last year by climatologist Michael Mann, of the University of Virginia (he's the creator of the "hockey stick" graph A1 Gore used in "An Inconvenient Truth" to dramatize the rise in carbon dioxide in recent years). Mann claimed that the recent warming was unprecedented in the past thousand years -- that led Congress to order up an assessment by the prestigious Research Council. Their conclusion was that a thousand years was reasonable, but not overwhelmingly supported by the data. But the past 400 was -- so resoundingly that it fully supports the claim that today's temperatures ale unnaturally warm, just as global warming theory has been predicting for a hundred years. And if there's any doubt about whether these proxy measurements are really legitimate, the NRC scientists comparedthem with actual temperature data from the most recent century, when real thermometers were in widespread use. The match was more or less right on.In the past nearly two decades since TIME first put global warming on the cover, then, the argument against it has gone from "it isn't happening" to "it's happening, but it's natural", to "it's mostly natural" --\and now, it seems, that assertion too is going to have to drop away. Indeed. Rep. Sherwood Boehert, the New York Republican who chairs the House Science Committee and who asked for the report declared that it did nothing to support the notion of a controversy over global warming science -- a controversy that opponents keep insisting is alive. Whether President Bush will finally take serious action to deal with the warming, however,is a much less settled question.31. What does this passage mainly deal with?A. The tendency of earth's becoming hotter.B. The assessment of earth's temperature.C. The menace of global warming.D.The measurement of tackling global warming.32. What is "proxy measurement" in Paragraph 1 likely to refer to?A. Studying the characteristics of glaciers.B. Measuring the growth signs of aquatic organism.C. Taking advantage of previous pictures.D. Using clues left from the past.33. What does the report from NRC indicate?A. The earth will become warmer.B. It is somewhat suspicious of Michael Mann's assertion.C. The earth reaches the highest temperature in the history.D. The proxy measurements are reliable.34. Which statement is NOT true concerning the controversy about global warming?A. The new report from NRC is motivated by the controversy over Michael Mann's claim.B. Those who doubt global warming consider that warming is a natural phenomenon.C. Those suspicious of global warming take an inconsistent stance on the issue.D. The argument ends in the defeat of global-warming-doubters.35. What is the author's attitude towards global warming theory?A. Negative.B. Indifferent.C. Favorable.D. Neutral.Passage FourA proposed Russian ban on European Union meat exports could jeopardize Russia's aspirations to join the World Trade Organization next year, the EU trade commissioner, Peter Mandelson, warned Friday. He warned that several of the 25 EU member states were growing weary of Russia's trade tactics and could move to block its WTO bid.He emphasized that the European Union supported Russia's WTO accession in principle and that he did not want to link the Russian meat ban to Russia's WTO prospects ,though EU states could do so. in order to join the organization,Russia must reach agreement with each of the 149 WTO members."Issues like this will affect the attitude of member states toward signing off on accession," Mandelson said. "This is not the only trade irritant between us and Russia -- there are at least half a dozen -- and this latest ban is bound to affect the attitude of member states," toward Russia's aim of joining the WTO. "We can't have so many of these trade irritants hanging over us."Mandelson said he would work to get Russia to back off from its current plans to ban all EUanimal products as of Jan. 1, which would affect C = $ 1.7 billion, or $ 2. 2 billion, in exports to RussiaMoscow has justified the ban on the grounds that Bulgaria and Romania, which will join the European Union on that day, do not have adequate food safety measures. But Mandelson warned that if Moscow refused to back down, it could sour overall trade relations with the European Union, which is already concerned about fair access to Moscow's energy resources. "Russia is acting in a disproportionate way," he said.President Vladimir Putin has made WTO membership one of his key economic objectives. He is keen to improve access to world markets for Russian exports and to provide a lift to the country's neglected aghculrural sector. European resistance would add to reservations by trade negotiators in Washington who want Russia to make more progress on reducing tariffs on U. S. meat imports and protecting intellectual property before joining the world trade body.Trade disputes cast a shadow over the summit meeting, which was supposed to mark the start of talks on a partnership agreement between the European Union and Russia covering energy, trade and human rights. But Poland -- in a separate dispute with Moscow over a Russian ban on Polish farm exports -- used its veto to stop the talks on Friday.Putin defended the Russian ban after earlier complaining that the European Commission had failed to consult him before agreeing to admit Bulgaria and Romania, whose food safety practices he called into question.EU officials said privately that Putin's stance suggested he was suffering from a Cold War hangover because the former Soviet satellites will soon become EU members.36. What is the theme of this passage?A. Russia conflicts with EU members in meat trade.B. Russia may risk WTO entry with EU meat ban.C. Russia prepares to enter WTO.D. Russia complains about food security of Bulgaria and Romania.37. Which statement is NOT true about EU?A. EU has not signed partnership agreement with Russia.B. EU is disappointed with at Russia's trade strategy.C. EU wants Russia to cut down on tariffs on its meat imports.D. EU may connect the trade conflict with Russia's entry into WTO.38. Which word has the similar meaning to "imtant" in Paragraph 3?A. disagreementB. misunderstandingC. annoyanceD.interference39. What can be implied from the last paragraph?A. Russia will soon suffer from isolation.B. Russia will soon lose its satellites.C. Former Soviet satellites resist Russia's entering WTO.D. Some EU officials understand Russia's position.40. What is the author's attitude towards Russia?A. Suggestive.B. Prejudicial.C. Sympathetic.D. Objective.Part UI Translation (30%)Section A : From Chinese into English (15%)每个人心中都该有个志向，否则他的经历就会被浪费掉。
2012年中国社会科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2012年中国社会科学院考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Grammar 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. Chinese-English TranslationStructure and V ocabulary1．But two hurdles stand in the way of Russia’s realizing its space dreams: a collapsing public-education system and a brain drain that for decades has been siphoning off the country’s highly trained engineers as they move to better-paying jobs in the West.A．obstaclesB．propheciesC．hasslesD．outcomes正确答案：A解析：A项意为“障碍”；B项意为“预言”；C项意为“激战”；D项意为“结果”。
句子中画线单词hurdles意为“篱笆，障碍”，因此，A选项符合题意。
2．Its subject is “life-as-spectacle”, for readers, diverted by its various incidents, observe its hero Odysseus primarily from without: the tragic Iliad, however, presents “life-as-experience”: readers are, asked to identify with the mind of Achilles, whose motivations render him a not particularly likeable hero.A．insideB．outsideC．lackingD．surrounding正确答案：B解析：A项意为“内部”；B项意为“外部，外界”；C项意为”缺乏”；D 项意为“周围的，附近的”。
考博英语模拟试卷247(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语模拟试卷247(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．Whenever possible, Ian______how well he speaks Japanese.A．shows upB．shows aroundC．shows offD．shows out正确答案：C解析：show与选项中的四个介词均可搭配。
show up表示“显眼，揭发，出现，使人感到羞辱”；show around表示“带领……到处看看”；show off表示“炫耀，夸耀，卖弄，渲染(某物的优点)”；show out表示“送出(客人)”。
C项符合句意。
知识模块：词汇2．On leaving, we thanked him most warmly for the hospitality ______ to us and our friends.A．extendedB．expandedC．expendedD．awarded正确答案：A解析：extended延伸，给予；expanded扩张；expended花费；awarded授予，判决。
3．The ______ amongst the world’s scientists is that the world is likely to warm up over the next few decades.A．censureB．consensusC．censusD．censor正确答案：B4．Many pure metals have little use because they are too soft, rust too easily, or have some other_______.A．bruisesB．blundersD．drawbacks正确答案：D解析：本题是说很多纯金属无法使用，因此它们太软，易生锈，或有些其他的缺陷。
考博英语(词汇)模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）模拟试卷3(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．Many of the conditions that______population pressures—overcrowding, unemployment, poverty, hunger and illness—lead to dissatisfaction.A．bring forwardB．give rise toC．feed up withD．result from正确答案：D解析：在给出的选项中：bring forward“提出，提供”；give rise to“引起，导致，使发生”；feed up with“使对……厌烦”；result from“起因于，由……造成”。
根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是D。
知识模块：词汇2．Arriving anywhere with these possessions, he might just as easily______for a month or a year as for a single day.A．put upB．stay upC．speed upD．make up正确答案：A解析：在给出的选项中：put up“在某地投宿”；stay up“熬夜，不睡觉”；speed up“加速”；make up“组成，化妆，整理”。
根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是A。
知识模块：词汇3．The fact that the earth’s surface heats______provides a convenient way to divide it into temperature region.A．infrequentlyB．irregularlyC．unsteadilyD．unevenly正确答案：D解析：在给出的选项中：infrequently“很少发生地，稀少地”；irregularly“不规则地，无规律地”；unsteadily“不稳定地，摇摆地”；unevenly“不均衡地，不平坦地，不平行地”。
考博英语模拟试题及答案
考博英语模拟试题及答案一、阅读理解（共20分，每题4分）1. 根据文章内容，以下哪项是作者的主要观点？A. 教育是社会进步的关键。
B. 技术发展对教育的影响是负面的。
C. 教育改革需要更多的创新思维。
D. 教育应该更加注重实践能力的培养。
答案：A2. 文章中提到的“终身学习”的概念，主要强调了什么？A. 学习是个人发展的终身任务。
B. 学习应该在学校之外进行。
C. 学习是职业发展的必要条件。
D. 学习是社会进步的驱动力。
答案：A3. 作者认为教育改革应该包括哪些方面？A. 教学方法和课程内容的更新。
B. 学校管理体制的改革。
C. 教师培训和学生评价体系的改进。
D. 所有上述选项。
答案：D4. 文章中提到的“批判性思维”在教育中的作用是什么？A. 帮助学生更好地理解知识。
B. 培养学生的独立思考能力。
C. 提高学生解决问题的能力。
D. 促进学生对知识的深入探究。
答案：B5. 根据文章，以下哪项不是教育改革的挑战？A. 资金不足。
B. 教师资源的缺乏。
C. 学生对新教学方法的抵触。
D. 社会对教育改革的误解。
答案：C二、完形填空（共15分，每题1.5分）阅读下面的短文，从短文后各题所给的选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
In recent years, the popularity of online education has been growing rapidly. It offers a convenient way for students to learn __6__ the comfort of their own homes. However, there are also some __7__ to consider.6. A. in B. at C. on D. from答案：A7. A. benefits B. drawbacks C. opportunities D. challenges答案：D8. The main advantage of online education is that it allows for __8__ flexibility in scheduling.A. personalB. individualC. uniqueD. specific答案：B9. Despite the convenience, some students may find it difficult to __9__ in an online environment.A. interactB. participateC. engageD. connect答案：B10. Online courses often require a high level of __10__ and self-discipline.A. motivationB. inspirationC. encouragementD. stimulation答案：A三、翻译（共15分，每题5分）1. 教育不仅仅是知识的传授，更是价值观和道德观的培养。
博士考试试题及答案英语
博士考试试题及答案英语一、选择题（每题2分，共20分）1. The correct spelling of the word "phenomenon" is:A. fenomenonB. phenomonC. phenominonD. phenomenon答案：D2. Which of the following is not a verb?A. to runB. to jumpC. to flyD. flight答案：D3. The phrase "break the ice" means:A. to start a conversationB. to stop a conversationC. to make a decisionD. to end a conversation答案：A4. The opposite of "positive" is:A. negativeB. optimisticC. pessimisticD. positive答案：A5. Which of the following is not a preposition?A. inB. onC. atD. is答案：D6. The word "perspective" can be used to describe:A. a point of viewB. a physical locationC. a mathematical calculationD. a scientific experiment答案：A7. The phrase "a piece of cake" is used to describe something that is:A. difficultB. boringC. easyD. expensive答案：C8. The verb "to accommodate" means:A. to refuseB. to ignoreC. to provide space or servicesD. to argue答案：C9. The word "meticulous" is an adjective that describes someone who is:A. lazyB. carelessC. very careful and preciseD. confused答案：C10. The phrase "to go viral" refers to:A. to become sickB. to spread quickly on the internetC. to travel by planeD. to become extinct答案：B二、填空题（每题2分，共20分）1. The word "____" means a sudden loud noise.答案：bang2. "____" is the term used to describe a person who is very knowledgeable.答案：savant3. The phrase "to turn a blind eye" means to ____.答案：ignore4. The word "____" is used to describe a situation that is very difficult to understand.答案：enigmatic5. "____" is a term used to describe a person who is very good at remembering things.答案：eidetic6. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very talkative.答案：loquacious7. The phrase "to ____" means to make something more complex. 答案：complicate8. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is very organized and efficient.答案：methodical9. The phrase "to ____" means to make a plan or to decide ona course of action.答案：strategize10. The word "____" is used to describe a person who is verycurious and eager to learn.答案：inquisitive三、阅读理解（每题4分，共20分）阅读以下短文，然后回答问题。
考博英语(词汇)历年真题试卷汇编24(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）历年真题试卷汇编24(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．Before he left for his vacation he went to the bank to______some money.A．pullB．drawC．pickD．gain正确答案：B解析：draw(out)vt．取出，提取(银行存款)；拔出；引起，吸引；推断出(其他三个动词不合句意)。
2．The engine has broken down and the boat is ______.A．driftingB．floatingC．buoyantD．fluctuating正确答案：A解析：drift vi.漂流。
float vi．漂浮。
buoyant a.有浮力的；神采奕奕的。
fluctuating a.起伏的，波动中的。
3．The rain came through the roof and ______from the ceiling.A．droppedB．drippedC．drapedD．fell正确答案：B解析：drip vi．滴下；(一滴一滴地)漏水。
drop v.投下；落下，下降。
drape vi.(旗、布等)成褶皱状下垂。
fall vi.落下，降落；跌倒；下降。
4．I couldn’t sleep last night because the tap in the bathroom was______.(2007年中南大学考博试题)A．spillingB．drippingC．drainingD．dropping正确答案：B解析：动词辨析题。
句子的意思是浴室水龙头的滴水声使我昨夜无法入眠。
spill意为“涌出，溢出”；drip意为“滴落，滴下”，如：Water is dripping from that leaky faucet．(水正从漏水的笼头滴下来。
考博英语(词汇)模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．The police are doing all he can to bring those responsible for the bombing to A．evidenceB．hearingC．justiceD．rule正确答案：C解析：句意：这个警察尽其所能将对爆炸案件负有责任的那些人送交法庭审判。
各选项的意思为：evidence证据；hearing听力，听觉，审讯；justice正义，审判员；rule规则。
根据句意可知，答案是C。
知识模块：词汇2．The top executives were accused of telling half-truths and even______lies about the company’s financial conditions.A．down-to-earthB．uprightC．downrightD．actual正确答案：C解析：句意：最高行政官被指控关于公司财务状况，他们只披露了一半的真实情况甚至完全是谎话。
词义辨析：down—to一earth实际的，现实的；upright 正直的；downright完全的，十足的；actual实际的。
正确答案为C。
知识模块：词汇3．We are surprised to find that he has a(n)______streak, with the tendency of remembering the wrongs done to him.A．vengefulB．invincibleC．vulnerableD．violent正确答案：A解析：句意：我们惊讶地发现他有一种复仇的性格，倾向于记住对他的不公正对待。
词义辨析：vengeful复仇心重的，报复的；invincible无敌的，无法征服的，不屈不挠的。
考博英语模拟试卷234(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语模拟试卷234(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading Comprehension 4. English-Chinese Translation 5. WritingStructure and V ocabulary1．When you’re driving on a motorway, you must obey the signs telling you to get into the right______.A．wayB．trackC．roadD．lane正确答案：D解析：本题考查对词义的辨析。
从词义上看，lane表示“车道，航线，小路”，符合句意，如：bus lane(公共汽车专用车道)。
此外，其余各项的意思分别为：“路，路线，路途”；“轨迹，车辙，航迹”；“路，道路，公路，大道”。
知识模块：词汇2．At three thousand feet, wide plains begin to appear, and there is never a moment when some distant mountain is not______.A．on viewB．at a glanceC．on the sceneD．in sight正确答案：D解析：根据句意可判断出答案为D。
in sight表示“可见，看得见，在望，不远”，如：Peace was in sight．(和平在望。
)其余三个词组的意思分别为：“展览着，上映着”，“看一眼，马上”和“出现，登场”。
知识模块：词汇3．It was their______decision to leave their country, and as a result, they lost their citizenship.A．compulsoryB．deliberateC．carefreeD．modest正确答案：B解析：本题空格处是说离开他们的国家是他们深思熟虑的决定。
考博英语(词汇)模拟试卷28(题后含答案及解析)
考博英语（词汇）模拟试卷28(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．As online computer systems become more popular, televisions and computers are increasingly______. Such technologies combine the capabilities of computers, television etc, and greatly expand the services that can be provided.A．separatedB．segregatedC．integratedD．intersected正确答案：C解析：在给出的选项中：separated“分开”；segregated“隔离”；integrated “整合，一体化”；intersected“分割”。
所以，正确答案是C。
知识模块：词汇2．A theory is an organized set of principles that is designed to explain and predict some phenomenon. Good theories also provide specific testable predictions, or______, about the relation between two or more variables.A．hypothesisB．conceptionC．ideaD．meaning正确答案：A解析：在给出的选项中：hypothesis“假设”；conception“概念”；idea“想法”；meaning“意义”。
根据常识可知，科学理论的建构常常是以假设为出发点的。
所以，正确答案是A。
24年医学考博英语答案
24年医学考博英语答案Here are some sample answers for various parts of a medical doctoral entrance English exam, written in an informal, conversational tone while maintaining variety in language usage:Paragraph 1: Short Response to a Reading Comprehension Question.For the passage about the latest advancements in gene editing, I'd say the key idea is that CRISPR-Cas9 has revolutionized the field, allowing for more precise and targeted modifications to the human genome. Theimplications for treating genetic diseases are enormous.Paragraph 2: Essay Response to a Topic.When discussing the ethical dilemmas of stem cell research, one can't overlook the potential benefits it brings to patients with debilitating diseases. However, theuse of embryonic stem cells remains a contentious issue. Balancing progress with ethical concerns is crucial.Paragraph 3: Response to a Vocabulary Question.The word "pathogen" refers to any microorganism that causes disease in its host. It's essential to identify and understand these pathogens to develop effective treatments and prevention strategies.Paragraph 4: Summary of a Scientific Article.The article discusses the role of diet in preventing heart disease. It highlights the importance of reducing saturated fat intake and increasing fiber-rich foods.。
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考博英语（词汇）模拟试卷24(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Structure and V ocabularyStructure and V ocabulary1．Many of the conditions that______population pressures—overcrowding, unemployment, poverty, hunger and illness—lead to dissatisfaction.A．bring forwardB．give rise toC．feed up withD．result from正确答案：D解析：在给出的选项中：bring forward“提出，提供”；give rise to“引起，导致，使发生”；feed up with“使对……厌烦”；result from“起因于，由……造成”。
根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是D。
知识模块：词汇2．Arriving anywhere with these possessions, he might just as easily______for a month or a year as for a single day.A．put upB．stay upC．speed upD．make up正确答案：A解析：在给出的选项中：put up“在某地投宿”；stay up“熬夜，不睡觉”；speed up“加速”；make up“组成，化妆，整理”。
根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是A。
知识模块：词汇3．The fact that the earth’s surface heats______provides a convenient way to divide it into temperature region.A．infrequentlyB．irregularlyC．unsteadilyD．unevenly正确答案：D解析：在给出的选项中：infrequently“很少发生地，稀少地”；irregularly“不规则地，无规律地”；unsteadily“不稳定地，摇摆地”；unevenly“不均衡地，不平坦地，不平行地”。
根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是D。
知识模块：词汇4．If a cat comes too close to its nest, the mockingbird______a set of actions to protect its offspring.A．hastensB．releasesC．devisesD．initiates正确答案：D解析：在给出的选项中：hastens“加速，催促，赶快”；releases“释放，放松”；devises“设计，想出，发明”；initiates“开始，创始，发起”。
根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是D。
知识模块：词汇5．How large a proportion of the sales of stores in or near resort areas can be______to tourist spending?A．attributedB．appliedC．contributedD．attached正确答案：A解析：在给出的选项中：attributed“把……归于，归属”；applied“应用，实施”；contributed“贡献，出力”；attached“附加，附属，伴随”。
根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是A。
知识模块：词汇6．Knowledge is a comfortable and necessary retreat and______for us in an advanced age; and if we do not plant it while young, it will give us no shade when we grow old.A．ingredientB．relianceC．shelterD．inclination正确答案：C解析：在给出的选项中：ingredient“原料，要素”；reliance“信赖，信心”；shelter“庇护，避难所，遮盖物”；inclination“倾向，爱好”。
根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是C。
知识模块：词汇7．Some people would like to do shopping on Sundays since they expect to______ wonderful bargains in the market.A．pick upB．bump intoC．pile upD．bring back正确答案：A解析：在给出的选项中：pick up“买到，捡起，获得，接送”；bump into“偶然碰上，猛撞，猛击”；pile up“堆集，相撞”；bring back“拿回来，使……恢复，使……回忆起”。
根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是A。
知识模块：词汇8．Scientists are searching for the oldest tree______because it can teach them a great deal about many issues related with climate change.A．livelyB．aliveC．livingD．live正确答案：B解析：在给出的选项中：lively“活泼的，生动的”；alive“活着的，现存的”，可做后置定语；living“活的，现存的，活跃的”，只做前置定语；live“活的，生动的，实况转播的”。
根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是B。
知识模块：词汇9．The destruction of the Twin Towers in New York City______shock and anger throughout the world.A．temptedB．provokedC．summonedD．enveloped正确答案：B解析：在给m的选项中：tempted“引诱，诱导”；provoked“激起，引起”；summoned“传唤，召集”；enveloped“包围，包封，遮盖”。
根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是B。
知识模块：词汇10． A 1994 World Bank report concluded that______girls in school was probably the single most effective anti-poverty policy in the developing world today.A．enrollingB．assigningC．involvingD．consenting正确答案：A解析：在给出的选项中：enrolling“招收，参加”；assigning“指派，分配”；involving“牵涉，使参与”；consenting“允许，赞成”。
根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是A。
知识模块：词汇11．The UN official said aid programs will be______until there is adequateprotection for relief personnel.A．multipliedB．arrestedC．spannedD．suspended正确答案：D解析：在给出的选项中：multiplied“增加，繁殖”；arrested“逮捕，遏止”；spanned“跨越，持续”；suspended“延缓，推迟，使暂停”。
根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是D。
知识模块：词汇12．Despite almost universal______of the vital importance of women’s literacy, education remains a dream for far many women in far too many countries of the world.A．confessionB．identificationC．acknowledgementD．compliment正确答案：C解析：在给出的选项中：confession“忏悔，供认”；identification“鉴定，识别”；acknowledgement“承认，认知”；compliment“恭维，称赞”。
根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是C。
知识模块：词汇13．The questions that the speaker raised were well______the average adult.A．pastB．onC．beyondD．through正确答案：C解析：在给出的选项中：past“越过，晚于”；on“在……上面”；beyond“超越”；through“穿过”。
根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是C。
知识模块：词汇14．The tuition fees are______to students coming from low-income families.A．approachableB．payableC．reachableD．affordable正确答案：D解析：在给出的选项中：approachable“可接近的，易交谈的，易亲近的”；payable“有利益的，应付的”；reachable“可达成的，可获得的”；affordable“负担得起的”。
根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是D。
知识模块：词汇15．His______brain has worked away on the idea of the foundation.A．richB．quickC．productiveD．fertile正确答案：B解析：在给出的选项中：rich“丰富的”；quick“机智的，聪明的”；productive “丰饶的，肥沃的”；fertile“肥沃的，多产的”。
根据句意和各个选项的意思可知，正确答案是B。
知识模块：词汇16．The insurance company paid him $ 10,000 in______after his accident.A．compensationB．installmentC．substitutionD．commission正确答案：A解析：本题中compensation意为“补偿，赔偿金，补偿金”；installment意为“分期付款”；substitution意为“替代”；commission意为“佣金”。