句子结构练习

句法的基本知识

（二）基本句型

1. S V C

The motor is out of order.

The plan sounds perfect.

2. S V

The fruit store has closed.

The plane will take off soon.

3. S V O

The machine is drilling a hole.

The teacher corrected her poor pronunciation more than once.

4.S V O O

The new way saved us a lot of time.

Could you do me a favor?

5. S V O C

They appointed Mr. White Minister of Foreign affairs.

I found her rather difficult to work with.

以上说明：任何一个句子，必须包含至少一个主谓结构，即一个句子必须至少有主语和动词谓语才能构成句子。每个主谓结构只表达一个意义，这个意义才能表达清楚。

（三）句子的用途分类

1．陈述句：陈述一项事实，包括肯定和否定的陈述

2．疑问句（一般问句、特殊问句、选择问句、反意问句）：用来提出疑问Can you guess who will disagree with this statement ?

Where did you pay your income taxes ?

Do you expect the price to rise or to fall ?

Everything is arranged in a good order, isn’t it ?

3．祈使句：表示请求命令的句子，一般针对你，你们，我们，所以这三个主语往往被省略，这也是祈使句看不到主语的原因。

Leave me alone, please.

Let’s look at the other side of the problem.

4．感叹句：表示喜怒哀乐等强烈感情的句子

What a pity to lose the game again !

How lucky I am to be invited to the party !

（四）句子的结构分类

1．简单句：只有一个主语(并列主语)和一个谓语(并列谓语)

V oices and music have been added to color and pictures to catch the ear as well as the eye.

He stooped the car and waited for the red light to change to green.

2．并列句：两个或两个以上的简单句用等立连词/ 分号/ 冒号/ 逗号连在一起的句子.

等立连词包括：and, but, or, so, yet, still, however, while, whereas, for, not only

---but also, either--- or, neither--- nor.

Hurry up or you will be late for the meeting.

Here the water is quiet, for there is little wind.

Everyday the newspapers carry a few pages of classified ads; in the large Sunday editions there may be several sections of them.

Sometimes I laugh, sometimes I am down.

3．复合句：由一个主句或一个以上的从句构成的句子。从句由关联词（主从连词that, whether, if. 连接代词who ,whom, whose, what, which. 连接副词when,

where, why）引导，关联词将从句与主句联系在一起。从句可分为主语从句、

宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句、表语从句、同位语从句

We move our heads from side to side when we want to say no.

Who will chair the meeting is of interest to many of them.

练习

I.分析句子结构：

II. 改正病句

1．When it comes college students rent a room or don’t rent a room, quite a lot of people believe college students should rent a room. (罗庆)

2. There is another quite different opinion about the college students rent a room or don’t rent a room.

3. College students increase family burden bear.

4. College students possess space of life can’t be ignored.

5. Life of college students don’t safe.

6. The reason on which I base my idea is that college students can’t attend campaign in college.

7. As the same time, college students can’t link up with others.

8. I’m in favor of college students shouldn’t rent a room.

9. What’s more, students may be have trouble when they rent a room.

10. There is another quite different opinion about students rent a room.

11. They have own place if students rent a room.

12. Besides, rent a room, have own place, make our spirit freely, it’s the best important.

13. When it comes to topic that the college student rent a room or not, quite a lot of people hold that the college student should rent a room.

14. Besides, it don’t assure their safety.

15. My idea is that it can improve life.

16. Quite a lot of people hold that college can make the decision whether rent or not by themselves.

17. As students they should the regulation of the college.