听力记笔记时常用的符号
英语听力速记专用符号
专八英语听力速记专用符号1、数学符号+ ：plus, and, in addition++(+2)：more+3：most－：minus, lack, i×：“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念√：correct, good, positive, affirmative）> ：（bigger/larger/greater< ：less/smaller/fewer than,≥：≤：= ：≠ ：≈：Є：“属于”（belong to）( )：(among, within, etc. )∵：∴:⊥: based on2、标点符号: say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, express, think, etc.? question，doubt! dangerous, warning, alarming, alert, hazardous, jeopardy, w3、图形符号☆important，exemplary⊙meeting, meet, conference, discussion, negotiation），□ 国家□/□ 国与国∪因形状看起来像酒杯，表示值得庆祝的“协议”、“协定”、“条约”或“合同”（agreement, accord, treaty, contract）。
因此，“双边协议”、“三边协议”或者“多边协议”就可以分别在∪里面加上2、3或者n（多）.>< 对立、冲突＜＜波折∩ 进入∞ 接触、交往⊥ 分歧≡ 坚持！ 关键 ; 奇观@ 有关∽ 替换为‖ 但是○ 洞& 表示“和”，“与”：and，together with，along with，accompany，along with，further more，etc.＃表示“结束”：end，stop，halt，bring sth to a standstill /stop, etc.∟ 加在动词下表示“过去”、“……过”或“……了”」加在动词下表示“将来”※特征、特点（feature, character, characteristic, symbol, sign, exemplify）∧领导♀ female♂ male4、箭头符号↑ 表示“上升”、↓ 表示“减少”、← 原因、→ 导致、结果5、惯用符号（缩写）(1) 常用字母c表示“世纪”（century），比如“21世纪”可以写成21ce表示“经济”（economy, economic, economics）n表示“很多个”（many, much, several）(2) 英文缩写(适用于高频词)a.保留前几个字母Com：Edu：e.g.：info：IOU：I/O：ASAP:Max：Min：Esp:b. 拿掉所有元音MKT:MSG:STD:RCV:ACPT:AD:DEPT:STD:c.保留开头和结尾的辅音字母WK：d.根据发音R; U; UR;。
英语听力速记符号
英语听力速记符号一、字母和缩写1. A - 代表“always” 总是2. B - 代表“because” 因为3. C - 代表“can’t” 不能4. D - 代表“don’t” 不要5. E - 代表“everything” 每件事6. F - 代表“friend” 朋友7. G - 代表“goodbye” 再见8. I - 代表“if” 如果9. J - 代表“just” 只是10. K - 代表“known” 知道二、数字和数学符号1. # - 代表“number” 数字2. × - 代表“multiply” 乘法3. / - 代表“divide” 除法4. + - 代表“plus” 加法5. - - 代表“minus” 减法6. < - 代表“less than” 小于7. > - 代表“greater than” 大于8. = - 代表“equals” 等于9. ( - 代表“open parenthesis” 开括号10. ) - 代表“close parenthesis” 闭括号三、标点和符号1. , - 代表“comma” 逗号2. . - 代表“period” 句号3. ? - 代表“question mark” 问号4. ! - 代表“exclamation mark” 感叹号5. ; - 代表“semicolon” 分号6. " - 代表“quotation marks” 双引号或单引号7. ' - 同上，也是引号的意思8. : - 同上，也是引号的意思9. & - 代表“and” 和10. * - 代表“star” 星号或乘号的意思四、图像和图形1. @ - 可以代表“at the” 在某处或某个时间点前2. @@ - 可以代表重复前一个符号或单词3. ~ - 可以代表“wave” 波浪形状，也可以表示声音的延长。
听力技巧--听力速记符号
e.g. for example< less than≤ no more than> more than≥ no less than≈ approximately= equal to≠ not equal to* important** very important ×wrong, bad√ right, good↑ increase↓ decrease+ better－worse∵because∴so← reason→ result? question! key point∈belong to& and缩写:cont. for continueded educationProf. professerch childcurr curriculumchem chemistryhist historyc/room classroomgeog geographyLng learningbk bookprob probablyex exercisewith w/18th century 18c字母、图像Z 表示"人"people/person，因为"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
例如：日本人：JZ。
C 表示政府，统治：government，govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来表示govern, government。
governmental official 可以表示为CZP 表示政治：politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political。
那么politician就可以表示为PZE 表示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号表示总值。
口译笔记符号大汇总
口译笔记符号大汇总一、地名简写二、高级口译听力部分要求考生准确拼写出主要国家的名称和首都。
如果要把每个国家的名称完整的记录下来．会很费时间。
因此，常用国名的记录方法应常记心中，比如K=Korea, SD= Sweden, SW=Switzerland等等。
有时还可以借助“|－”来表示东、西、南、北、中等方位。
例如：the Republic of Korea(ROK，南朝鲜)，表示为“－K”; 相应的the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea（DPRK，北朝鲜）, 就可以表示为“K－”, Central London,表示为LD。
Western Europe （西欧）表示为“|EU”，Eastern Germany (东德)表示为“G|”。
练习：Eastern Europe, South Africa, North China, Western Germany, South Asia，Central Ital二、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：（一）拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receive（二）保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/O（三）保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL people（四）根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through（五）口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT Apartment ACC Accountant ACDG According ACPT AcceptAD Advertisement ADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possible AMT AmountBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCMPE Compete/competitive CMU CommunicationCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountEXCH ExchangeEXT ExtentINFO Information I/O In stead of IOU I owe you MDL Model MEMO Memorandum MIN Minimum MKT Market MSG Message PKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleaseREF Reference SEC SectionSTD StandardTEL TelephoneTHO ThoughTKS ThanksTRF TrafficWT WeightXL Extra large三、字母、图像ｏ表示“人”people/person，因为“ｏ”看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
节省时间!那些年我们使用的托福听力笔记符号
节省时间!那些年我们使用的托福听力笔记符号虽然新托福听力速度适中，可如果我们仍一笔一划地记录关键信息，无疑会发生漏听等不利情况!当然，童鞋们也毋须烦恼!因为我们可以使用一些托福听力符号避免这样的情况!下面，是天道小编就此准备的托福考试相关资讯，一起来看!下面，就是小编整理的托福听力笔记符号了，备战新托福听力的孩纸们还在等什么，赶紧记起来!一、字母、图像A 表示农业： agriculture.agriculture,经常用到，所以用首字母代替。
B 表示商业:business.C×表示冲突，矛盾:conflict,confrontation,“C×”中的“×”表示反对。
C 表示政府，统治:government,govern,希腊字母C读/ga:ma/，近似government,所以就用C来表示govern, ernmental official 可以表示为 CZ.E 表示总数:total,totally,entire,entirely,on the whole,all in all,to sum up,ect.E在数学符号中表示总值。
P 表示政治:politics,political,希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political.那么politician就可以表示为 PZ。
G 表示效率:efficient,effective.G为效率符号。
Q 表示“通货膨胀”:inflation,因为这个符号酷似一个上升的气球。
W 表示工作，职业:work,employ 等。
它是work的第一个字母。
所以WZ就可以用来表示worker, 而W(Z在字母上方表示employer,在字母下方表示employee).i 表示工业:industry,industrial,字母i像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来表示工业。
U U酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中表示合同、协议(treaty, agreement)一般只有在谈判成功、协议成交后才会表示“举杯祝贺”。
口译笔记符号大汇总
口译笔记符号大汇总一、地名简写高级口译听力部分要求考生准确拼写出主要国家的名称和首都。
如果要把每个国家的名称完整的记录下来．会很费时间。
因此，常用国名的记录方法应常记心中，比如K=Korea, SD= Sweden, SW=Switzerland等等。
有时还可以借助“|－”来表示东、西、南、北、中等方位。
例如：the Republic of Korea(ROK，南朝鲜)，表示为“K”; 相应的the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea （DPRK，北朝鲜）, 就可以表示为“K－”, Central London,表示为LD。
Western Europe （西欧）表示为“|EU”，Eastern Germany (东德)表示为“G|”。
练习：Eastern Europe, South Africa, North China, Western Germany, South Asia，Central Ital二、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：（一）拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receive（二）保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/O（三）保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL people（四）根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through（五）口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possible AMT AmountBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCMPE Compete/competitive CMU CommunicationCO. Company DEPT Department DISC Discount EXCH Exchange EXT Extent INFO Information I/O In stead of IOU I owe you MDL Model MEMO Memorandum MIN Minimum MKT Market MSG MessagePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleaseREF Reference SEC Section STD Standard TEL Telephone THO ThoughTKS ThanksTRF TrafficWT WeightXL Extra large三、字母、图像ｏ表示“人”people/person，因为“ｏ”看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
上海高级口译之听力笔记符号：地名简写
上海高级口译之听力笔记符号：地名简写
上海高级口译之听力笔记符号：地名简写
高级口译听力部分要求考生准确拼写出主要国家的名称和首都。
如果要把每个国家的名称完整的记录下来.会很费时间。
因此，常用国名的记录方法应常记心中，比如K=Korea, SD= Sweden,
SW=Switzerland等等。
有时还可以借助“|-”来表示东、西、南、北、中等方位。
例如：the Republic of Korea(ROK，南朝鲜)，表示为“-K”; 相应的the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea(DPRK，北朝鲜), 就可以表示为“K-”, Central London,表示为LD。
Western Europe(西欧)表示为“|EU”，Eastern Germany (东德)表示为“G|”。
练习：
Eastern Europe,
South Africa, North China,
Western Germany,
South Asia，。
英语速记符号完整版(用于听力和笔记)
之杨若古兰创作1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for yourreference: Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at atime. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequency Leave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = department Us e only the first syllable of aword.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitali sm Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2ndsyllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservative Eliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizableabbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationa ch = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = in troductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetition Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of theword.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = government Use an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by addings.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = intr oductions Use g to represent ingendings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexp tg = experimenting Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key. Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand. Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the. If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter. Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitionalwords.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = th erefore= = is or equal Use technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable.Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs.Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/关于缩略词一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible.很明显如果能熟练把握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益.缩略词的写法普通为四种方式：F拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receiveF保存前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/OF保存开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL peopleF根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力经常使用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possibleAMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPECompete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONCConcern/concerning/concernedCOND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your referenceGD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home officeINFO InformationIMPS ImpossibleIMP(T) ImportantINCD IncludeINDIV IndividualINS InsuranceINTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I oweyouIVO In view ofMANUF ManufactureMDL ModelMEMO MemorandumMGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG MessageNCRY NecessaryNLT No later thanOBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN PositionPOSS(BL) PossiblePROD ProductQLTY QualityQUTY QuantityRCV ReceiveREF ReferenceREGL RegularREP RepresentativeRESN ReservationRPT RepeatRESPON ResponsibleSEC SectionSITN SituationSTD StandardTEL TelephoneTEMP TemporaryTGM TelegraphTHO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large关于字母和图像二、字母、图像Z 暗示"人"people/person，由于"Z"看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角.例如：日本人：JZ.C 暗示当局，统治：government，govern 希腊字母C读/ga:ma/,近似government, 所以就用C来暗示govern, ernmental official 可以暗示为CZP 暗示政治：politics, political希腊字母P读/pai/,近似politics, political.那么politician就可以暗示为 PZE 暗示总数：total, totally, entire, entirely, on the whole, all in all, to sum up, ect. E 数学符号暗示总值.G 暗示效力：efficient, effective.G为效力符号.Q 暗示"通货膨胀"：inflation由于这个符号酷似一个上升的气球.A 暗示农业: agriculture. agriculture经经常使用到，所以用首字母代替.B 暗示商业：business.C× 暗示冲突，矛盾：conflict，confrontation "C×"中的"×"暗示反对，字母"C"将反对的概念缩小为conflict 和confrontation.W 暗示工作，职业: work, employ 等.它是work的第一个字母.所以WZ就可以用来暗示worker, 而W(Z在字母上方暗示employer, 在字母下方暗示employee).i 暗示工业: industry, industrial 字母i 像只烟囱，所以用来可以用来暗示工业.U U 看酷似一个酒杯，在笔记中暗示合同、和谈（treaty, agreement）普通只要在谈判成功、和谈成交后才会暗示"举杯恭喜".如果在U内填入2××××，就可以暗示为bilateral（双边的）, 填入3暗示为trilateral(三边的).填入在U中填入1暗示: Unilateralism（单边主义），填入m (multiple) 暗示多边主义.如果在U上加一个"/"××××暗示谈判破裂.O 暗示"国家"、"民族"、"领土"等：country, state, nation, etc.gO暗示进口，Og暗示出口这个符号酷似一把椅子，可以暗示掌管、主办：chair, host, preside over.那么在此符号上加Z暗示主席，掌管人：chairman, host, etc.T 暗示"领导人"：leader, head那么head of government, head of company 即可以暗示为 CT⊙圆圈暗示一个圆桌，两头一点暗示一盆花，这个符号就可以暗示会议、开会等：meeting，conference， negotiation，seminar，discussion，symposiumk 这个符号看上像条鱼，所以暗示"打鱼业"等合fishery 有关的词汇.O 圆圈代表地球，横线暗示赤道，所以这个符号就可以暗示国际的、世界的、全球的等: international, worldwide, global, universal, etc.J 暗示开心：pleasant, joyful，happy，excited, etc.L 暗示不满、生气unsatisfied, discomfort,angry, sad, etc.EO 暗示听到、总所周之：as we all know, as is known to all, as you have already heard of, etc.O 暗示漠不关心、无动于中：indifferent, apathetic, unconcern, don't care much, etc.用箭头、数学符号、标点符号来暗示三、箭头g 暗示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc.暗示导致、引诱：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.暗示屈服：submit tof 暗示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.暗示追溯到：come/go back to，originateh 暗示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.暗示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open, start, etc.暗示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen， promote, etc暗示"挫折"：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.四、数学符号+ 暗示"多": many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.++(+2) 暗示"多"的比较级：more+3 暗示"多"的第一流：most－暗示"少": little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.× 暗示"错误"、"失误"和"坏"的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.> 暗示"多于"概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.暗示"高" 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.< 暗示"少于"概念：less/smaller，etc.暗示"低"概念：inferior to，etc.= 暗示"同等"概念：means，that is to say， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.暗示"对手"概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.( ) 暗示"在......之间"：among, within, etc.≠ 暗示"分歧"概念：be different from, etc.暗示"无敌"概念：matchless, peerless, etc.～暗示"大约"概念：about/around，or so， approximately, etc./ 暗示"否定"，"清除"等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.五、标点等: 暗示各种各样"说"的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.? 暗示"成绩"：question，issue，例如：台湾成绩：tw?. (dot) 这个"."点的地位分歧暗示的概念也纷歧样".d"暗示yesterday, ".y"暗示last year, ".2m"暗示two month ago."y"暗示this year, "y2." two year later"next week", 可以暗示为"wk."∧暗示转机√ 暗示"好的"形态，right/good，famous/well-known，etc.暗示"同意"形态，stand up for，support，agree with sb, certain/ affirmative, etc.☆暗示"主要的"形态：important，exemplary（模范的） best，outstanding，brilliant，etc.n 暗示"交流"形态：exchange，mutual, etc.& 暗示"和"，"与"：and，together with，along with， accompany，along with，further more，etc.∥暗示"结束"：end，stop，halt，bring sth to a standstill/stop, etc.六、较长单词的处理法子-ism 简写为 m 例如：socialism Sm-tion 简简写为 n 例如：standardization (尺度化) stdn-cian 简简写为 o 例如：technician techo-ing 简写为 g 例如：marketing (市场营销) MKTg-ed 简写为 d 例如：accepted acptd-able/ible/ble 简写为 bl 例如：available avbl-ment 简写为 mt 例如：amendment amdmt-ize 简写为 z 例如：recognize regz-ful 简写为 fl 例如：meaningful mnfl。
英语速记符号完整版(用于听力和笔记)
1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equalUse technical symbols where applicable.zb = German, for exampleibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = waterMore reference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retaining only enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples: custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as =following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/关于缩略词一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
英语听力速记符号 总结
1．表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc.2．表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.3．表示屈服：submit to1．表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.2．表示追溯到：come/go back to，originate1．表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.2．表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open, start, etc.3．表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen，promote, etc表示“波折”：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.常用速记数学符号汇编+表示“多”: many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of,etc.++(+2)表示“多”的比较级：more+3表示“多”的最高级：most－表示“少”: little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage ofetc.×表示“错误”、“失误”和“坏”的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.> 1．表示“多于”概念：bigger/larger/greater/morethan/better than, etc.2．表示“高” 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.< 1．表示“少于”概念：less/smaller，etc.2．表示“低”概念：inferior to，etc.=1．表示“同等”概念：means，that is to say，in otherwords，the same as，be equal to, etc.2．表示“对手”概念：a match, rival, competitor,counterpart, etc.( )表示“在......之间”：among, within, etc.≠1．表示“不同”概念：be different from, etc.2．表示“无敌”概念：matchless, peerless, etc.～表示“大约”概念：about/around，or so，approximately,etc./表示“否定”，“消除”等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc. APT apartmentACC accountantACDG accordingACPT acceptAD advertisementADS addressADV adviseAMAP as much as possibleAMT amountAPV approveASAP as soon as possibleBAL balancceBLDG buildingCERT certificateCFM conformCNCL cancelCNF conferenceCMI commissionCMPL completeCMPE competeCMU communicationCONC concernCOND conditionCO. companyDEPT departmentDISC discountDRT departureEXCH exchangeEXPLN explainEXT extent一、缩略词（缩略词的写法一般为四种方式）拿掉所有元音MKT marketMGR managerMSG messageSTD standardRCV receive保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeIOU I owe youI/O In stead of保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL people根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possible AMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your reference GD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home office INFO InformationIMPS ImpossibleIMP（T）ImportantINCD IncludeINDIV IndividualINS Insurance INTST InterestedI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youIVO In view of MANUF Manufacture MDL ModelMEMO MemorandumMGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG MessageNCRY NecessaryNLT No later thanOBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN PositionPOSS（BL）PossiblePROD ProductQLTY QualityⅠ箭头→ export to, send to ,cause(导致)，arrive in/atEg.: 我今天下午到达北京I → BJ at 6:00 pm d.← import, receive(from),come back(from)↑ increase, rise develop, promote, grow, expandEg.: this company keep expanding (↑)↓decrease, decline, bomb(爆炸) ，dropⅡ数学用符号＋plus, and, in addition to ,further more(而且，此外，更近一步说) Eg.: there are five students plus ten teachers attending(旁听)5stus＋10tea－minus, lack× wrong, incorrect, bad＞more than, greater, more and more, superior to＜less than, smaller, fewer, inferior to≥ more than or equal to≤ less than or equal to≠ be not match for…Eg.: jack ≠ Brandy jack 不是Brandy 的对手≈around, almostEg.: 这辆自行车大约要花500美元才能买下自行车≈＄500∵because of, owing to ,due to , thanks to∴so, thereforeⅢ其它。
听力记笔记时常用的符号.doc
Symbols:Most symbols are taken from mathematics. Some of the most useful are givenin the list below. Note the variety of meanings that one symbol can convey,and that those pressing a verb or verb phrase do not show tense.+ and, plus－less, minus= is, equals, consists of, is the same as, there is≠is not, does not equal, does not consist of, isdifferent from≡is equivalent to> is greater than, is more than, is over< is less than→gives, produces, leads to, provides, results in, isre-written as←is given by, is produced by, results from, comesfrom↗rises, increases by, grows to/by↘falls, decreases by, declines∴therefore, so∵because, as, since@ at: indicates example(s) following( ) used around explanation of a point°degrees' minutes, feet" inches or ditto marks - i.e. repeat the word aboveBUT but, however, althoughAbbreviations:pl. platepred. predictprob. problempt pointreg. regularr m roomsev. severalshd shouldsimul, simultaneously, at thesame timesoc. society, socialsol. solutionstim. stimulustemp. 1. temperature2. temporarytens. tensiontrop. tropictyp. typicalusu. usual(ly)wd would缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possible AMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your referenceGD GoodGUAR Guarantee H.O. Home office INFO Information IMPS Impossible IMP(T) Important INCD Include INDIV Individual INS Insurance INTST InterestedI/O In stead of IOU I owe you IVO In view of MANUF Manufacture MDL Model MEMO Memorandum MGR MangerMIN Minimum MKT MarketMSG Message NCRY Necessary NLT No later than OBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD Ordinary PAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS Please POSN Position POSS(BL) Possible PROD Product QLTY Quality QUTY Quantity RCV ReceiveREF Reference REGL RegularREP Representative RESN Reservation RPT Repeat RESPON Responsible SEC SectionSITN SituationSTD Standard TEL Telephone TEMP Temporary TGM Telegraph THO Though TKS Thanks TRD Trade TRF Traffic TTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT Weight XL Extra large。
专四听写笔记常用符号和缩略语
笔记常用符号和缩略语(Note-taking: Useful Signs and Abbreviations)1．常用笔记符号：符号信息意义箭头符号↑ 上升；提高；增强；上涨；增长；扩大；起飞；升空；提拔；晋升（grow, expand, develop, rise, go up, increase , ascend, launch, skyrocket, soar, appreciation,promote, upwards）↓ 下降；下沉；降低；滑坡；轰炸；减少；恶化；降职；削减/裁减（drop to, bomb, jump, go down, descend, decrease, deteriorate, depreciation, reduce, downwards）↗上扬；渐渐好转（become better and better）↘下挫；不断亏损（become worse and worse）→ 出口；去；向前；出国；前往；运往；导致；发展成为… （export to, enter, arrive in/at, present to, result in, send to, transmit to, lead to, export to, cause）← 回顾；从前；进口；倒退；来自；源于（come from, originate from, receive from, go back to, import from）例如：café ← French意为: café源自于法语数学符号+ 增加；补充；除此之外；另外(furthermore, in addition to, with, and, besides, etc) —减少；删除；缺乏（minus, lack, deduct, except, subtract）×表示“不对的，错的，坏的，不好的，臭名昭著的”（mistake, incorrect, wrong, bad, inappropriate, notorious）> 超过，大于，胜过，优于（more than, bigger than, surpass, better than, superior to）＞＞大大超过(much greater than, much more than)< 小于，不足，次于，逊色（fewer than, less than, worse than, inferior to）＜＜远远少于(much less than)= 等于符号（equal) 在听力笔记中相当于“与…一样”（equal to, the same as)，另外可以表示“是…的对手“（a rival, a competitor)等意思。
英语速记符号(用于听力和笔记)
1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time.Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references. S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word.pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable.pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = governmentUse an apostrophe in place of letters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding s.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductionsUse g to represent ing endings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingdecrg = decreasingexptg = experimentingSpell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key.Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand.Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the.If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter.Use symbols for commonly recurring connective or transitional words.& = andw/ = withw/o = withoutvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equal+ plus// parallelUse technical symbols where applicable.ibid = Latin, the same worko = degreesH2O = water高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possible AMT AmountAPV ApproveASAP As soon as possibleBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND ConditionCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountDPT DepartureEXCH ExchangeEXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT FlightFNT FinalFRT FreightFYR For your referenceGD GoodGUAR GuaranteeH.O. Home office INFO Information IMPS Impossible IMP(T) Important INCD Include INDIV Individual INS Insurance INTST InterestedI/O In stead of IOU I owe youIVO In view of MANUF Manufacture MDL ModelMEMO Memorandum MGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG MessageNCRY Necessary NLT No later than OBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN Position POSS(BL) Possible PROD ProductQLTY Quality QUTY QuantityRCV ReceiveREF Reference REGL RegularREP Representative RESN Reservation RPT Repeat RESPON Responsible SEC SectionSITN Situation STD StandardTEL TelephoneTEMP TemporaryTGM TelegraphTHO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large箭头g 表示到达、传达：go into，arrive at，give to，send to，present to etc. 表示导致、引导：lead to, result in, in the direction of, etc.表示屈服：submit tof 表示来自于：be/come from，return，receive from, etc.表示追溯到：come/go back to，originateh 表示上升：up/upward/rise，increase，arise，ascend, etc.表示发射、投放市场、发行：launch，open, start, etc.表示发展、加强、推进：develop，strengthen， promote, etc表示"波折"：ups and downs, twists and turns, etc.数学符号+ 表示"多": many, lots of, a great deal of, a good many of, etc.++(+2) 表示"多"的比较级：more+3 表示"多"的最高级：most－表示"少": little, few, lack ,in short of/ be in shortage of etc.× 表示"错误"、"失误"和"坏"的概念：wrong/incorrect，something bad，notorious，negative, etc.> 表示"多于"概念：bigger/larger/greater/more than/better than, etc.表示"高" 概念：superior to，surpass, etc.< 表示"少于"概念：less/smaller，etc.表示"低"概念：inferior to，etc.= 表示"同等"概念：means，that is to say， in other words，the same as，be equal to, etc.表示"对手"概念：a match, rival, competitor, counterpart, etc.( ) 表示"在......之间"：among, within, etc.≠ 表示"不同"概念：be different from, etc.表示"无敌"概念：matchless, peerless, etc.～表示"大约"概念：about/around，or so， approximately, etc./ 表示"否定"，"消除"等概念：cross out, eliminate, etc.标点: 表示各种各样"说"的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc.? 表示"问题"：question，issue，例如：台湾问题：tw?. (dot) 这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago。
英语听力速记符号(典藏版)
一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：1.拿掉所有元音MKT: market MGR: manager MSG: message STD: standard RCV: receive2.保留前几个字母INFO information INS insurance EXCH exchangeI owe you IOUIn stead of I/O3保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL people4根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词AMAP As much/many as possible AD AdvertisementCMPE Compete/competitiveASAP As soon as possibleCONC Concern/concerning/concerned FYR For your referenceAPT Apartment ACC Accountant ACDG According ACPT AcceptADS Address ADV AdviceAMT AmountAPV ApproveBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCFM ConformCNCL CancelCNF ConferenceCMI CommissionCMP CompleteCMU CommunicationCOND Condition CO. Company DEPT Department DISC Discount DPT Departure EXCH Exchange EXPLN ExplainEXT ExtentFLT Flight FNT FinalFRT FreightGD Good GUAR Guarantee H.O. Home office INFO Information IMPS Impossible IMP(T) Important INCD Include INDIV Individual INS Insurance INTST Interested I/O In stead of IOU I owe youIVO In view ofMANUF ManufactureMDL ModelMEMO MemorandumMGR MangerMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG MessageNCRY NecessaryNLT No later thanOBS ObserveOBT ObtainORD OrdinaryPAT PatentPC PiecePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleasePOSN PositionPOSS(BL) PossiblePROD ProductQLTY QualityQUTY QuantityRCV ReceiveREF ReferenceREGL RegularREP RepresentativeRESN ReservationRPT RepeatRESPON ResponsibleSEC SectionSITN SituationSTD StandardTEL TelephoneTEMP TemporaryTGM TelegraphTHO ThoughTKS ThanksTRD TradeTRF TrafficTTL TotalU YouUR YourWK WeekWL WillWT WeightXL Extra large五、标点等: 表示各种各样"说"的动词：say, speak, talk, marks, announce, declare, etc. 表示"问题"：question，issue，例如：台湾问题：tw?. (dot) 这个"."点的位置不同表示的概念也不一样".d"表示yesterday, ".y"表示last year, ".2m"表示two month ago。
英语速记符号完整版(用于听力和笔记)
1。
Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference:Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily。
A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time。
Symbols helpful in math —— these are commonly used in texts and references。
S = sumf = frequencyLeave out periods in standard abbreviations。
cf = comparee.g。
= exampledept = departmentUse only the first syllable of a word。
pol = politicsdem = democracylib = liberalcap = capitalismUse entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2nd syllable。
pres = presentationsubj = subjectind = individualcons = conservativeEliminate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizable abbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biologyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimumrep = repetitionOmit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word。
英语速记符号完整版(用于听力和笔记)
之阿布丰王创作1. Note-taking symbols and abbreviations for your reference: Abbreviations in Note takingUse only the abbreviations that fit your needs and that you will remember easily. A good idea is to introduce only a few abbreviations into your note taking at a time. Symbols helpful in math -- these are commonly used in texts and references.S = sumf = frequency Leave out periods in standardabbreviations.cf = comparee.g. = examplede pt = department Use only the first syllable of aword.pol = politicsdem = democracylib= liberalcap = capitalism Use entire first syllable and only 1st letter of 2ndsyllable.pres = presentationsubj = subject ind = individualcons = conservative Eli minate final letters. Use just enough of the word to form a recognizableabbreviation.assoc = associatebiol = biolo gyinfo = informationach = achievementchem = chemistrymax = maximumintro = introductionconc = concentrationmin = minimu mrep = repetition Omit vowels, retain only enough consonants to give a recognizable skeleton of the word.ppd = preparedprblm = problemestmt = estimatebkgd = backgroundgvt = gov ernment Use an apostrophe in place ofletters.am't = amountcont'd = continuedgov 't = governmenteducat'l = educationalForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by addings.chpts = chaptersegs = examplesfs = frequenciesintros = introductions Use g to represent ingendings.ckg = checkingestg = establishingd ecrg = decreasingexptg = experimenting Spell out short words such as in, at, to, but, for, and key. Abbreviations or symbols for short words will make the notes too dense with shorthand. Leave out unimportant words.Leave out the words a and the. If a term, phrase, or name is written out in full during the lecture, substitute initials whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. For example, Center for Aerospace Sciences becomes CAS thereafter. Use symbols forcommonly recurring connective or transitionalwords.& = andw/ = withw/o = withou tvs = against\ = therefore= = is or equal Use technical symbols whereapplicable.zb = German, forexampleibid = Latin, the sameworko = degreesH2O = waterMorereference:Use standard maths, accounting, and science symbols. Examples:+ plus// parallelUse standard abbreviations and leave out full stops. Examples:eg exampleIT dept Information Technology departmentUK United KingdomUse only the first syllable of a word. Examples:mar marketingcus customercli clientUse the entire first syllable and the first letter of the second syllable. Examples:subj subjectbudg budgetind individualTo distinguish among various forms of the same word, use the first syllable of the word, an apostrophe, and the ending of the word. Examples:tech'gy technologygen'ion generalisationdel'y deliveryUse just enough of the beginning of a word to form a recognisable abbreviation. Examples:assoc associatedach achievementinfo informationOmit vowels from the middle of words, retainingonly enough consonants to provide a recognisable skeleton of the word. Examples:bkgd backgroundmvmt movementprblm problemForm the plural of a symbol or abbreviated word by adding 's.' Examples:custs customersfs frequencies/s ratiosUse 'g' to represent 'ing' endings. Examples:decrg decreasingckg checkingestblg establishingSpell out, rather than abbreviate short words. Examples:inbutaskeyLeave out unimportant verbs. Examples:iswaswereLeave out unnecessary articles. Examples:aantheIf a term, phrase, or name is initially written out in full during the talk or meeting, initials can be substituted whenever the term, phrase, or name is used again. Example:January Advertising Campaign Budget JACBUse symbols for common connective or transition words. Examples:@ at2 to4 for& andw/ withw/o withoutvs againstCreate your own set of abbreviations and symbols. You may wish to develop separate sets of symbols and abbreviations for different courses or subjects.Other Symbols and Abbreviationsas a result of / consequences of <--->resulting in --->and / also +equal to / same as=following ffmost importantly *less than <greater than > especially esp/关于缩略词一、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
听力笔记简写符号
简写符号一般可以分为两种：一代一：即一个符号只代表一个固定的单词（包括单词各种词性的变化）。
一代多：即一个符号可以代表一类意思的多个单词。
对于Spot-dictation, 以使用“一代一”的符号为宜。
但是鉴于简写符号的整体性，我们把两种简写符号列在一起，请读者注意甄别。
一、地名简写高级口译听力部分要求考生准确拼写出主要国家的名称和首都。
如果要把每个国家的名称完整的记录下来．会很费时间。
因此，常用国名的记录方法应常记心中，比如K=Korea, SD= Sweden, SW=Switzerland等等。
有时还可以借助“|－”来表示东、西、南、北、中等方位。
例如：the Republic of Korea(ROK，南朝鲜)，表示为“－K”; 相应的the Democratic People’s Republic ofKorea（DPRK，北朝鲜）, 就可以表示为“K－”, Central London,表示为LD。
Western Europe （西欧）表示为“|EU”，Eastern Germany (东德)表示为“G|”。
二、缩略词英语当中缩略词使用的频率很高，如IMP: important, ASAP: as soon as possible。
很显然如果能熟练掌握缩略词，会对考试大有裨益。
缩略词的写法一般为四种方式：（一）拿掉所有元音MKT: marketMGR: managerMSG: messageSTD: standardRCV: receive二）保留前几个字母INFO informationINS insuranceEXCH exchangeIOU I owe youI/O Instead of（三）保留开头和结尾个发音字母WK weekRM roomPL people（四）根据发音R areTHO thoughTHRU through（五）高级口译听力常用英语缩略词表缩略词原词APT ApartmentACC AccountantACDG AccordingACPT AcceptAD AdvertisementADS AddressADV AdviceAMAP As much/many as possibleAMT AmountBAL BalanceBLDG BuildingCERT CertificateCMPE Compete/competitiveCMU CommunicationCO. CompanyDEPT DepartmentDISC DiscountEXCH ExchangeEXT ExtentINFO InformationI/O In stead ofIOU I owe youMDL ModelMEMO MemorandumMIN MinimumMKT MarketMSG MessagePKG PackingPL PeoplePLS PleaseREF ReferenceSEC SectionSTD StandardTEL TelephoneTHO ThoughTKS ThanksTRF TrafficWT WeightXL Extra large三、字母、图像ｏ表示“人”people/person，因为“ｏ”看上去像个人头，它通常被写在一个词或符号的右上角。
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Symbols:
Most symbols are taken from mathematics. Some of the most useful are given
in the list below. Note the variety of meanings that one symbol can convey,
and that those pressing a verb or verb phrase do not show tense.
+ and, plus
－less, minus
= is, equals, consists of, is the same as, there is
≠is not, does not equal, does not consist of, is
different from
≡is equivalent to
> is greater than, is more than, is over
< is less than
→gives, produces, leads to, provides, results in, is
re-written as
←is given by, is produced by, results from, comes
from
↗rises, increases by, grows to/by
↘falls, decreases by, declines
∴therefore, so
∵because, as, since
@ at
: indicates example(s) following
( ) used around explanation of a point
°degrees
' minutes, feet
" inches or ditto marks - i.e. repeat the word above
BUT but, however, although
Abbreviations:
pl. plate
pred. predict
prob. problem
pt point
reg. regular
r m room
sev. several
shd should
simul, simultaneously, at the
same time
soc. society, social
sol. solution
stim. stimulus
temp. 1. temperature
2. temporary
tens. tension
trop. tropic
typ. typical
usu. usual(ly)
wd would
缩略词原词
APT Apartment
ACC Accountant
ACDG According
ACPT Accept
AD Advertisement
ADS Address
ADV Advice
AMAP As much/many as possible AMT Amount
APV Approve
ASAP As soon as possible
BAL Balance
BLDG Building
CERT Certificate
CFM Conform
CNCL Cancel
CNF Conference
CMI Commission
CMP Complete
CMPE Compete/competitive
CMU Communication
CONC Concern/concerning/concerned COND Condition
CO. Company
DEPT Department
DISC Discount
DPT Departure
EXCH Exchange
EXPLN Explain
EXT Extent
FLT Flight
FNT Final
FRT Freight
FYR For your reference
GD Good
GUAR Guarantee H.O. Home office INFO Information IMPS Impossible IMP(T) Important INCD Include INDIV Individual INS Insurance INTST Interested
I/O In stead of IOU I owe you IVO In view of MANUF Manufacture MDL Model MEMO Memorandum MGR Manger
MIN Minimum MKT Market
MSG Message NCRY Necessary NLT No later than OBS Observe
OBT Obtain
ORD Ordinary PAT Patent
PC Piece
PKG Packing
PL People
PLS Please POSN Position POSS(BL) Possible PROD Product QLTY Quality QUTY Quantity RCV Receive
REF Reference REGL Regular
REP Representative RESN Reservation RPT Repeat RESPON Responsible SEC Section
SITN Situation
STD Standard TEL Telephone TEMP Temporary TGM Telegraph THO Though TKS Thanks TRD Trade TRF Traffic TTL Total
U You
UR Your
WK Week
WL Will
WT Weight XL Extra large。