法律英语课件
Criminal law法律英语刑法 PPT课件
- Felony – murder重罪—谋杀罪
Manslaughter
- Voluntary manslaughter自 愿性非恶意杀人，故意杀 人 （比如激情犯罪crime of passion）
- involuntary homicide过失 杀人
Step 16 :Sentencing (three different types may be used)
Step 17 :Appeals
American criminal law classification
美国刑法种类
• 1.Criminal ACTS endangering degree（犯罪行为危害程度）： felony（重罪），misdemeanor(轻罪）
Step 1 :The Reported Crime (or “known offense”)
Step 2 :Prearrest Investigation (include three basic groups)
Step 3 :Arrest
Step 4 :Booking Step 5 : Post-Arrest Investigation (will vary with the fact situation)
My lecture topics ：
Death penalty sentencing plot
（死刑的量刑情节）
Basic situation
• American criminal law no specific reflect about the death penalty sentencing system, but the scope of the basic limit first-degree murder just executed, considering the consequences of a murder. Other must try to give every opportunity decreases victimised suspects miscalculation.
法律英语ppt
im
a claim by a defendant against a plaintiff in a lawsuit intending to off-set or reduce the amount of the plaintiff's original claim against the defendant Counterclaims did not exist at common law; they are an invention of modern civil procedure. Examples
Service of Process
Definition
the act of delivering legal documents (to a defendant) ★Typically, a summons must be served with a copy of the complaint upon the defendant. ★The plaintiff is responsible for having the summons and complaint served.
US Civil Procedure
The Pleading Stage
Complaint
General
A civil action is commenced by filing a complaint or petition with the court. ★The initial pleading in a civil lawsuit that seeks only money damages might be called (in most US courts) a complaint. ★The initial pleading in a lawsuit that seeks nonmonetary or equitable relief, such as a request for a writ of mandamus or habeas corpus, custody of a child, or probate of a will, is instead called a petition.
法律英语课件PPT课件
• but generally those entitled to practice before the highest court of a state may be admitted before the federal courts upon compliance with minor formalities.
三年大学 法学学位 书面考试
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• Almost all states, however, make use of the Multistate Bar Exam, a day-long multi-choice test, to which the states adds a day-long essay examination emphasizing its own law.
• 律师 • 法官 • 检察官 • 法学教师
法律职业
变换频繁 Harlan Fiske Stone
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Part 1 The Bar
• Bar——法庭中将公众与法官、律师 及其他诉讼参与人分隔开的隔板。
• 后来用于通指法律职业或律师职业。
美国律师协会
（ABA）
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• 律师通常在一个地区执业
• 可以代表当事人到其他州办理事务
• 只是在被准入的州获得执业资格
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• It is customary to retain local counsel for matters in other jurisdictions.
法律英语课件 第一讲Legal English (2)
我学英语仅仅是为了看电影看得爽一点。 （剑走偏锋的英文学习之路）
其实学英语就是一种态度，只要你敢说，老 外就敢懂。（这很重要）
对了，不但要敢说，还要敢说得慢。
For me, English just a tool of communication, so in my class you are free to ask any thing, I mean any thing, with one condition, which is in English.
The first lawyer replies,
“It’s the $100 I owe you.”
课ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้练习：
Confusing English 1. Sporting house 2. Dead president 3. Confidence man 4. Rest room 5. Dressing room 6. Horse sense 7. In ones birthday suit 8. An apple of love 9. Have a fit 10. Pull up ones socks
“You lawyers are so materialistic. You make me sick.” The officer snapped, “You are so upset about your stupid BMW, that you didn’t even notice that your left arm was ripped off in the accident.”
While this is going on, one of the lawyers jams something into the other lawyer’s hand. Without looking down, the second lawyer whispers, “What is this?”
法律英语课件
3.National Law and International Law
Simply stated, national law is law which applies to a nation. International law is commonly defined as a body of rules that states and other agents accept as binding obligations in the world community.
If a law concerns the rights of individuals （often including a corporation as a “person”）or the duties owed to people in the society, the law is a civil law.
Essentially, civil law focuses on wrongs against individuals, whereas criminal law focuses on wrongs against the whole society.
An important feature distinguishing criminal and civil law is the sanction imposed on the wrongdoer. Criminal sanctions may include imprisonment while civil sanctions emphasize payment of money.
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
inheritance law administrative law tort law property law criminal law
法律英语课件
Provisions of Oxford 牛津条例 writ 令状 writ upon the case 本案令状 court of chancery 衡平法院 injunction 强制令 binding interpretation 具有约束力的法律解释 civil suit 民事诉讼 action 法律诉讼,诉讼行为
IV. What are the major legal systems in the world? (1) Civil Law System The term ―civil law‖ (Continental law) and the basis of the law itself are derived originally from the law of ancient Rome. Civil law is the predominant system of law in the world.
Originated in England, common law system has now been adopted by countries like United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, Iceland, India, Pakistan, Malaysia, and Singapore.
Common Law: The common law evolved from custom and was the body of law created and administered by the king’s courts. When a judge decided a new problem in a case before him, that decision would be followed in subsequent cases by judges as a legal rule.
法律英语经典表达PPT课件
4. Notwithstanding 无论……如何规 定；尽管有…的规定
Notwithstanding any law or practice to the contrary, it shall be lawful for, the court in any proceedings for an offence under Part II to comment on the failure of the accused to give evidence on oath. 即使任何法律或惯例有相反规定， 在因第 II部所定罪行而进行的法律程序中，法庭可 就被控人不宣誓作供一事加以评论。
2. In respect of/in connection with/with respect to 就… …
The Contract Price does not cover costs and expenses that are for Buyer’s account under this Contract, or any taxes (including but not limited to customs duty and value added tax) payable by Buyer in respect of this Contract.
In addition, with the prior approval of the Chairman and Vice Chairman, any director may invite any other person to attend all or part of any Board meeting, provided that such guest shall sign non-disclosure agreements in such form as the Chairman and Vice Chairman deem appropriate.
法律英语课件-CONSTITUTIONAL LAW(宪法)
Popular sovereignty
The government gets its power from the people. The idea was also stated in the Declaration of
Independence.
Federalism
It is the basis for the structure of government in the United States, federal form of government is one in which the states form a union and the sovereign power is divided between a central governing authority and the member states.
The doctrine of constitutional supremacy 宪法至上原则
The U.S Constitution is the self-designated supreme law of the land. It stands above all other law, executive acts and regulation .
The Congress appropriates funds for the executive branch and the judicial branch and may impeach and try members of the executive branch or the judicial branch;
Introduction to Constitution
The Constitution is the soul of law in United States. The Constitution states the framework for all American law. The constitutional law deals with the interpretation and implementation of the United States Constitution. As the Constitution is the foundation of the United States, constitutional law deals with some of the fundamental relationships within our society.
法律英语lesson5lawyer教材教学课件
VS
Case introduction
Provide a brief overview of the case, including the parties involved, the main issues, and the background information. Ensure that the introduction is clear and engaging.
Expert knowledge
Lawyers must have a comprehensive understanding of the law and legal principles, as well as the ability to apply this knowledge to practical legal problems. They must keep up-todate with legal developments and changes in the law.
3
Summative assessments include written assignments, presentations, and exams at the end of eachledge of legal English
Legal English Vocabulary
course arrangement
01
Teaching methods
02
Lectures, discussions, case studies, and simulations are
used to illustrate legal concepts and practical applications.
法律英语Unit.ppt
Crimes of Infringing Upon the Rights of the Person and the Democratic
Rights of Citizens侵犯公民人身权利、民主权利罪 The Crime of Encroaching on Property侵犯财产罪
Roles of Law
Guiding Judging Predicting Warning
Criminal Law
Three main points
Crime-------felony, misdemeanor Punishment------guidelines for sentencing Criminal liability(age 14)
What is law?
The characteristics:
1. Law is a social norm(准则) regulating social relations or human behaviors.
2. Law is a social norm reflecting the will of a state.
Legal English
Joyce
Characteristics of Legal English
1.Lengthy and complex sentences 2.Archaic words and expressions tin words and expressions 4.Passive consruction
我国刑法第13条规定：“一切危害国家主权、领土完 整和安全，分裂国家、颠覆人民民主专政的政权和推 翻社会主义制度，破坏社会秩序和经济秩序，侵犯国 有财产或者劳动群众集体所有的财产，侵犯公民私人 所有的财产，侵犯公民的人身权利、民主权利和其他 权利，以及其他危害社会的行为，依照法律应当受刑 罚处罚的，都是犯罪，但是情节显著轻微危害不大的， 不认为是犯罪。”
法律英语课件 (13)
2019/11/22
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宪法第２条第４项：
总统、副总统和合众国的所有文职官员， 凡受叛国、贿赂或其他重罪轻罪的弹劾 并被判定有罪时，应被免职。
Treason 叛国罪
Bribery受贿罪 Other high crimes 其他重罪
Misdemeanor 轻罪
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宪法，甚至一条永远适用的法律。 美国总统 杰斐逊 T
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Background
法律分类
Common Law-Equity Law
Substantive Law-Procedural Law Public Law-Private Law
Constitution
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委任的官员应该让任命他们的人或机构满 意。如果他们的政绩令人不满意，他们就 会被撤职。
Exception
Justices of the Supreme Court and other federal judges
2019/11/22
Lifetime appointment
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Ballot box
2019/11/22
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Final authority is vested in the American people. 最终权力属于美国人民 …change the fundamental law
amending the Constitution 修改宪法
drafting a new one 起草新宪法
Impeachment
House of Representatives vote a bill of impeachment. 众议院投票通过弹劾议案
法律英语讲义-民法精品PPT课件
General
Property torts Definition
Property torts are a specific class of intentional torts which arise when the right invaded is a property right rather than a personal right.
the abuse of a right of entry, when a person who has the right to enter the land does something not covered by the permission
taking possession of someone else's property with the intent not to return it
Trespass to Land
Definition
the wrongful interference with one's possessory rights in (real) property
As distinguished from battery, assault need not to involve actual contact—it only needs intent and the resulting apprehension.
Assault
yelling the word snake to a person whom you know is in fear of snakes
benefits
Assault
Definition
(in common law) an intentional act that creates an apprehension of an imminent harmful or offensive contact
法律英语课件
Lesson One Modern Legal Education1 French lawyers are trained in universities, and English barristers, on the other hand, enter the profession as members of one of four Inns of Court, which are combinations of a law school and professional organization法国律师是在大学里培养出来的，而英国的大律师是作为四大律师学院之一的成员进入律师这一行的，这些律师学院是由法学院和专业组织组成的。
2 Today, American legal education is almost uniformly postgraduate professional education at a formal law school, usually affiliated with a university. And a degree from an ap proved law school is common requirement for admission to the bar, although the apprenticeship route is still open, theoretically, in a number of states.今天，美国的法律教育几乎统一都是在正式的法学院进行大学后职业教育，这所法学院通常隶属于一个大学。
得到经美国律师协会批准的法学院的学位是进入律师行业的通常要求，尽管在理论上许多州仍允许存在经过学徒期成为律师这样的路径3 State university law school tend to concentrate on thetraditional law courses: contracts, torts, constitutional law, procedure, property, wills, trust and estates, corporation, partnerships, agency, international law, maritime law, labor law, administrative law.州立大学法学院往往注重传统课程：合同法，宪法，程序法，财产，遗嘱，信托和财产，公司，合伙，代理，国际法，海商法，劳动法，行政法。
法律英语PPT
II 要约 承诺 要约&承诺 承诺(Offer and Acceptance) Communication of Acceptance （送达承诺）
The General Rule Rule:
Acceptance MUST be Communicated to the offeror. HOWEVER, the offeror can waive（免除）this requirement either expressly or by implication implication. *Acceptance will only be effective to create agreement where the offeree is aware of the offer, (because an Offer is effective when it is Communicated to the offeree.)
What is an Invitation to Treat（要约 邀请）？
An Invitation to Treat is only a supply of information or a statement of intention. (Willingness to enter into Negotiations Negotiations)
I 合同的有效性 合同的有效性(The Validity of a Contract)
Freedom of Contract (契约自由) Bargaining Power: especially for Standard Form Contract （协议能力——格式合同） THUS, the law often intervenes （ 干 预 ） where one party seeks an unfair advantage as a result of his superior bargaining position. Such intervention will be made by Courts or Legislation such as the Sale of Goods Act, the Unfair Contract Terms Act, etc.
第二课法律英语
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第二第十二四十四页页，，课课件件共共有有1031页03页
每个州有一个律师资格考试委员会， 负责组织本州的律师资格考试。
考试时间一般设在每年的2月和7月， 每次考两天。第一天是综合法律考
试，内容涉及美国各种法律，形式为 选择题。第二天为本州法律考试，形 式一般为问答题和案例分析。美国律 师资格考试的通过率很高。
In contrast, solicitors generally engage in preparatory work and advice, such as drafting and reviewing legal documents, dealing with and receiving instructions from the client, preparing evidence, and managing the day-to-day administration of a matter. Solicitors can provide a crucial support role to a barrister when in court, be it in managing large volumes of documents in the case or even negotiating settlements outside the courtroom while the trial continues inside.
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第十五页，课件共有103页
相比之下，律师一般从事筹备和法律 咨询工作，如起草和审查法律文件， 处理客户提出的要求，准备证据，和 进行重要的日常管理工作。在法庭上 律师可以向大律师提供一个重要的支 撑作用，不仅是在处理大量的文件的 过程中，甚至在庭外进行谈判或庭内 进行审判。
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Lesson One Modern Legal Education1 French lawyers are trained in universities, and English barristers, on the other hand, enter the profession as members of one of four Inns of Court, which are combinations of a law school and professional organization法国律师是在大学里培养出来的，而英国的大律师是作为四大律师学院之一的成员进入律师这一行的，这些律师学院是由法学院和专业组织组成的。
2 Today, American legal education is almost uniformly postgraduate professional education at a formal law school, usually affiliated with a university. And a degree from an ap proved law school is common requirement for admission to the bar, although the apprenticeship route is still open, theoretically, in a number of states.今天，美国的法律教育几乎统一都是在正式的法学院进行大学后职业教育，这所法学院通常隶属于一个大学。
得到经美国律师协会批准的法学院的学位是进入律师行业的通常要求，尽管在理论上许多州仍允许存在经过学徒期成为律师这样的路径3 State university law school tend to concentrate on the traditional law courses: contracts, torts, constitutional law, procedure, property, wills, trust and estates, corporation,partnerships, agency, international law, maritime law, labor law, administrative law.州立大学法学院往往注重传统课程：合同法，宪法，程序法，财产，遗嘱，信托和财产，公司，合伙，代理，国际法，海商法，劳动法，行政法。
4 One reason lawyers are found in so many of the most sensitive spots in American political and economic life is simply that their legal education has exposed them to a broader range of public problems than any other graduate program.在美国政治经济生活中这么多最敏感的职位上都能发现律师的一个原因只是由于他们的法律教育使他们比其他专业的毕业生更广泛的接触到社会问题。
5 More than ever before, law school today offer you a opportunity to apply your legal skills as you require them, to use what you learn as you learn it. School all over the country now have programs under which you can spend time while in law school working for the city’s legal aid department or the public defender organization. You are also given opportunities to work with governmental agencies in drafting legislation, codes and regulations.今天的法学院比以前能提供更多机会让你在获得法律技能的时候能应用它们，当你在学习的时候就能用你所学。
全国各地的法学院都有这样的项目，即你可以在法学院读书的时候就为城市的法律援助部门和公设律师组织工作。
你还有机会与政府的代理机构一起起草法律法规和规范。
6 Most of our law schools do not try to teach you the “law”of one state or another; they concentrate on teaching you legal principles, legal reasoning and something of the philosophy of law.我们的大多数法学院并不教你某一个州或另一个州的法律，他们注重教你法律原则，法律推理和一些法律哲学。
7 Minor troubles such as traffic violations or fines for breaking windows during a spree at college will not be held against you. But a conviction for having committed a felony will in all likelihood prevent your being admitted to practice, as will membership in any subversive group or organization, unless you can explain away as something you did when you were young and foolish and show that you have long since resigned.一些较小的麻烦比如违反交通或因在大学里的一次狂欢中打碎窗户而被罚款都不会阻碍你成为律师，但是因犯重罪而被宣告有罪的话就完全不可能成为律师了，同样的如果你是任何破坏性集团或组织的成员的话也不可能成为律师，除非你能解释清楚你当年的所作所为是因为年少无知而犯的错误并且表明你已经退出很久了。
8 Judges in the United States, with exceptions in some minor judiciary, are selected from the ranks of lawyers. In England they are chosen from the select group of barristers known as Queen ’s Counsel.美国的法官，除了一些级别较低的法官外，都是从律师中选出来的。
在英国法官是从出庭律师当中精选出来的御用大律师中选出来的9 The diverse training and careers of common ---and civil ---law judges is significant. Similar backgrounds and experience provide a certain feeling of fellowship and mutual sympathy between the common-law bench and bar.普通法系和大陆法系法官的截然不同的培训和职业生涯的区别是非常重要的。
相同的背景和经历使普通法系的法官和律师之间有某种伙伴感情，这使他们能惺惺相惜10 The prestige of the English and American judiciary is greater than that of their civil-law counter-part, partly because of the general feeling that only the better lawyers get judicial posts.英美国家的法官威望要比大陆法系国家的法官威望更高，部分是因为一般觉得只有好的律师才能做法官的缘故吧。
Lesson Two Bases of the Legal SystemⅠKey sentence:1 The law is the set of rules by which the citizens of a countryregulate their conduct in relation to their fellow citizens and to the State.法律是这样的一套规范，即用它来规范一国公民的行为，调整公民与其他公民和国家的关系2 In the United Kingdom there is no written set of rules; whether an action is recognized as being in conformity with the law is determined by a consideration of the authorities. These may be statutes, statements by legal experts, or reports of decided cases. If none of these fits the circumstances, the judge makes his decision by analogy with the past decisions made in somewhat similar circumstances.在英国没有成文的成套法律规范，某个行为是否符合法律规定要由权威来认定。
这些权威可能是成文法规，法律专家的评述，或者即判案例的报告。
如果以上都不能确定，法官会根据过去相似情况的判例来作出判决。
3 The base of the legal system , in historical order, are: common law; case law; statute law.法律制度的基础，按历史顺序是：普通法，判例法，成文法4 The essence of common law is that it grew through judicial decisions recorded by lawyers and is not based on express enactment. It is administered by examination of the decisions made in previous cases of the same kind, known as“precedents”, and arrival at a commonsense decision on that basis.普通法的精髓在于它是随着律师所记录的司法判决而发展起来的，而不是建立在明示的制定法的基础上的。