经济术语翻译

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有用的金融术语翻译

有用的金融术语翻译financial markets 金融市场savings and loans 储蓄存款与借款credit unions 信用社mortgages 抵押贷款（指房屋，土地等）auto loans 汽车消费贷款certificates of deposit 存款单银行对存款人将资金存放于银行一定期间所发给的证明文件，可分为可转让定存单(Negotiable CD)与不可转让定存单(Non-negotiable)managerial finance 财务管理wave of mergers 合并风浪，公司或组织的合并Common equity 普通股Par value股票的面值Retained earnings保留盈餘資產負債表中股東權益重要項目之一，表示公司的獲利保留，未以股利方式配發，並將保留盈餘做為公司長期營運資金或固定投資的資金來源。

（又稱未分配盈餘、盈餘公積、累計盈餘或保留淨利）Additional paid-in capital 附加的缴入资本（属于所有者权益）Discounted securities折价证券Treasury bills 国库券Repurchase agreement重购回协定。

Repurchase Agreement。

指资产的卖方同意在某特定日期，以特定价格再买回其所卖出资产的协议。

...Federal funds 联邦资金Banker’s acceptance银行承兑Commercial paper商业票据Certificate of deposit存款单Negotiable CD 可转让存单Eurodollar deposit 欧元存款Money market mutual funds货币市场的开放式资金Term loan定期贷款Coupon rate 票面利率General obligation bond市政债券可分两大类: (1)一般信用担保债券(generalobligation bond): 并无与特别项目挂钩的市政债券,其本息的偿付来自发行当局的综合收入--主要为地方政府的各种税收;Debenture 公司债券Subordinated debenture subordinated debenture次位债券. 一种无担保债券，发行机构万一破产，求偿顺位低于其他债券。

经济学英语词汇

经济学英语词汇在研究和学习经济学的过程中，掌握相关的英语词汇是非常重要的。

以下是一些经济学中常用的英语词汇及其含义：1、Economic：经济的，与经济相关的。

2、Finance：金融，财政。

3、Accounting：会计，会计学。

4、Market：市场，市场营销。

5、Price：价格，价值。

6、Currency：货币，通货。

7、Interest Rate：利率。

8、Exchange Rate：汇率。

9、Stock：股票，股份。

10、Bond：债券。

11、Futures：期货。

12、Options：期权。

13、Commodity：商品，大宗商品。

14、Price Index：价格指数。

15、Economy Growth：经济增长。

16、Unemployment Rate：失业率。

17、Inflation：通货膨胀。

18、Interest Rate Policy：利率政策。

19、Monetary Policy：货币政策。

20、Fiscal Policy：财政政策。

21、Supply-Side Economics：供给侧经济学。

22、Demand-Side Economics：需求侧经济学。

23、Comparative Advantage：比较优势。

24、Gains from Trade：贸易收益。

25、Barriers to Trade：贸易壁垒。

26、Dumping：倾销。

27、DumpingMargin：倾销差价。

28、Economic Liberalization：经济自由化。

29、Privatization：私有化。

30、Liberalization：自由化。

31、Globalization：全球化。

32、Protectionism：保护主义。

33、Stagflation：滞胀，即经济停滞与高通货膨胀、失业以及不景气并存的经济现象。

34、Recession：经济衰退，经济连续两个季度出现负增长。

常见经济术语及解释

常用经济名词解释汇编1、宏观调控：是国家对国民经济总量进行的调节与控制，是保证社会再生产协调发展的必要条件，也是社会主义国家管理经济的重要职能。

在中国，宏观调控的主要任务是：保持经济总量平衡，抑制通货膨胀，促进重大经济结构优化，实现经济稳定增长。

宏观调控主要运用价格、税收、信贷、汇率等经济手段和法律手段以及行政手段。

2、扩大内需：就是在生产相对过剩的情况下,调整经济结构(包括生产结构和消费结构),拓宽国际市场。

培育消费热点,以拉动经济的增长。

简言之,就是通过扩大投资需求和消费需求来拉动经济增长。

扩大内需必须实行积极的财政政策,稳健的货币政策和正确的消费政策。

3、经济周期：也称商业周期、景气循环，它是指经济运行中周期性出现的经济扩张与经济紧缩交替更迭、循环往复的一种现象。

是国民总产出、总收入和总就业的波动，是国民收入或总体经济活动扩张与紧缩的交替或周期性波动变化。

过去把它分为繁荣、衰退、萧条和复苏四个阶段，现在一般叫做衰退、谷底、扩张和顶峰四个阶段。

4、社会总产值：是指一定时期内（通常为1年）以货币表现的农业、工业、建筑业、运输邮电业和商业（包括饮食业和物资供销业）五大物质生产部门的总产值之和，也称社会总产品。

它是反映一个国家或地区在一定时期内物质生产总成果的重要指标。

它与国民生产总值不同之处在于,除了理论基础不同外，计算的范围和方法不同。

社会总产值是包括物耗在内的社会产品的总价值，而国民生产总值只是新增加的价值。

社会总产值只包括物质生产部门，而国民生产总值则包括非物质生产部门在内的国民经济各个部门。

5、GNP：英文Gross National Product的缩写，也就是国民生产总值，是指一个国家（地区）所有常住机构单位在一定时期内（年或季）收入初次分配的最终成果。

一个国家常住机构单位从事生产活动所创造的增加值（国内生产总值）在初次分配过程中主要分配给这个国家的常住机构单位，但也有一部分以劳动者报酬和财产收入等形式分配给该国的非常住机构单位。

考研经济金融类术语英语翻译

economist 经济学家socialist economy 社会主义经济capitalist economy 资本主义经济collective economy 集体经济planned economy 计划经济controlled economy 管制经济rural economics 农村经济liberal economy 自由经济mixed economy 混合经济political economy 政治经济学protectionism 保护主义autarchy 闭关自守primary sector 初级成分private sector 私营成分,私营部门public sector 公共部门,公共成分economic channels 经济渠道economic balance 经济平衡economic fluctuation 经济波动economic depression 经济衰退economic stability 经济稳定economic policy 经济政策economic recovery 经济复原understanding 约定concentration 集中holding company 控股公司trust 托拉斯cartel 卡特尔rate of growth 增长economic trend 经济趋势economic situation 经济形势infrastructure 基本建设standard of living 生活标准,生活水平purchasing power, buying power 购买力scarcity 短缺stagnation 停滞,萧条,不景气underdevelopment 不发达underdeveloped 不发达的developing 发展中的initial capital 创办资本frozen capital 冻结资金frozen assets 冻结资产fixed assets 固定资产real estate 不动产,房地产circulating capital, working capital 流动资本available capital 可用资产capital goods 资本货物reserve 准备金,储备金calling up of capital 催缴资本allocation of funds 资金分配contribution of funds 资金捐献working capital fund 周转基金revolving fund 循环基金,周转性基金contingency fund 意外开支,准备金reserve fund 准备金buffer fund 缓冲基金,平准基金sinking fund 偿债基金investment 投资,资产investor 投资人self-financing 自筹经费,经费自给current account 经常帐户 (美作:checking account)current-account holder 支票帐户 (美作:checking-account holder) cheque 支票 (美作:check)bearer cheque, cheque payable to bearer 无记名支票,来人支票crossed cheque 划线支票traveller's cheque 旅行支票chequebook 支票簿,支票本 (美作:checkbook)endorsement 背书transfer 转让,转帐,过户money 货币issue 发行ready money 现钱cash 现金ready money business, no credit given 现金交易,概不赊欠change 零钱banknote, note 钞票,纸币 (美作:bill)to pay (in) cash 付现金domestic currency, local currency] 本国货币convertibility 可兑换性convertible currencies 可自由兑换货币exchange rate 汇率,兑换率foreign exchange 外汇floating exchange rate 浮动汇率free exchange rates 自由汇兑市场foreign exchange certificate 外汇兑换券hard currency 硬通货speculation 投机saving 储装,存款depreciation 减价,贬值devaluation (货币)贬值revaluation 重估价runaway inflation 无法控制的通货膨胀deflation 通货紧缩capital flight 资本外逃stock exchange 股票市场stock exchange corporation 证券交易所stock exchange 证券交易所,股票交易所quotation 报价,牌价share 股份,股票shareholder, stockholder 股票持有人,股东dividend 股息,红利cash dividend 现金配股stock investment 股票投资investment trust 投资信托stock-jobber 股票经纪人stock company, stock brokerage firm 证券公司securities 有价证券share, common stock 普通股preference stock 优先股income gain 股利收入issue 发行股票par value 股面价格, 票面价格bull 买手, 多头bear 卖手, 空头assigned 过户opening price 开盘closing price 收盘hard times 低潮business recession 景气衰退doldrums 景气停滞dull 盘整ease 松弛raising limit 涨停板break 暴跌bond, debenture 债券Wall Street 华尔街short term loan 短期贷款long term loan 长期贷款medium term loan 中期贷款lender 债权人creditor 债权人debtor 债务人,借方borrower 借方,借款人borrowing 借款interest 利息rate of interest 利率discount 贴现,折扣rediscount 再贴现annuity 年金maturity 到期日,偿还日amortization 摊销,摊还,分期偿付redemption 偿还insurance 保险mortgage 抵押allotment 拨款short term credit 短期信贷consolidated debt 合并债务funded debt 固定债务,长期债务floating debt 流动债务drawing 提款,提存aid 援助allowance, grant, subsidy 补贴,补助金,津贴output 产出,产量producer 生产者,制造者productive, producing 生产的products, goods 产品consumer goods 消费品article 物品,商品manufactured goods, finished goods 制成品,产成品raw product 初级产品semifinished goods 半成品by-product 副产品foodstuffs 食品raw material 原料supply 供应,补给input 投入productivity 生产率productiveness 赢利性overproduction 生产过剩外部审计 external audit外国直接投资 foreign direct investment (FDI) 外汇储备 foreign exchange reserves外汇调剂 foreign exchange swap外汇占款 the RMB counterpart of foreign exchange reserves;the RMB equivalent of offcial foreign exchange holdings外向型经济 export-oriented economy外债 external debt外资企业 foreign-funded enterprises完善现代企业制度 to improve the modern enterprise system完税凭证 tax payment documentation违法经营 illegal business委托存款 entrusted deposits稳步增长 steady growth稳健的银行系统 a sound banking system稳中求进 to make progress while ensuring stability无纸交易 book-entry(or paperless/scriptless)transaction物价监测 price monitoringX吸纳流动性 to absorb liquidity稀缺经济 scarcity economy洗钱 money laundering系统内调度 fund allocation within a bank系统性金融危机 systemic financial crisis下岗工人 laid-off employees下游企业 down-stream enterprises现场稽核 on-site examination现金滞留(居民手中) cash held outside the banking system乡镇企业 township and village enterprises(TVEs)消费物价指数 consumer price index(CPI)消费税 excise(consumption)tax消灭财政赤字 to balance the budget;to eliminate fiscal deficit销货款回笼 reflow of corporate sales income to the banking system销售平淡 lackluster sales协议外资金额 committed amount of foreign investment新经济增长点 new sources of economic growth新开工项目 new projects;newly started projects新增贷款 incremental credit; loan increment; credit growth; credit expansion新增就业位置 new jobs;new job opportunities信贷规模考核 review the compliance with credit ceilings信号失真 distorted signals信托投资公司 trust and investment companies信息不对称 information asymmetry信息反馈 feedback(information)信息共享系统 information sharing system信息披露 information disclosure信用扩张 credir expansion信用评级 credit rating姓“资”还是姓“社” pertaining to socialism or capitalism;socialist orcaptialist 行政措施 administrative measures需求膨胀 demand expansion; excessive demand虚伪存款 window-dressing deposits削减冗员 to shed excess labor force寻租 rent seeking迅速反弹 quick reboundY养老基金 pension fund一刀切 universal application;non-discretionary implementation一级市场 primary market应收未收利息 overdue interest银行网点 banking outlets赢利能力 profitability营业税 business tax硬贷款(商业贷款) commercial loans用地审批 to grant land use right有管理的浮动汇率 managed floating exchange rate证券投资 portfolio investment游资(热钱) hot money有市场的产品 marketable products有效供给 effective supply诱发新一轮经济扩张 trigger a new round of economic expansion逾期贷款 overdue loans;past-due loans与国际惯例接轨 to become compatible with internationally accepted 与国际市场接轨 to integrate with the world market预算外支出(收入) off-budget (extra-budgetary) expenditure(revenue) 预调 pre-emptive adjustment月环比 on a month-on-month basis; on a monthly basisZ再贷款 central bank lending在国际金融机构储备头寸 reserve position in international financial institutions 在人行存款 deposits at (with) the central bank在途资金 fund in float增加农业投入 to increase investment in agriculture增势减缓 deceleration of growth;moderation of growthmomentum增收节支措施 revenue-enhancing and expenditure control measures增长平稳 steady growth增值税 value-added tax(VAT)涨幅偏高 higher-than-desirable growth rate;excessive growth账外账 concealed accounts折旧 depreciation整顿 retrenchment;consolidation政策工具 policy instrument政策性业务 policy-related operations政策性银行 policy banks政策组合 policy mix政府干预 government intervention证券交易清算 settlement of securities transactions证券业务占款 funding of securities purchase发行货币 to issue currency发行总股本 total stock issue法定准备金 required reserves;reserve requirement法人股 institutional shares法人股东 institutional shareholders法治 rule of law房地产投资 real estate investment放松银根 to ease monetary policy非现场稽核 off-site surveillance(or monitoring)非银行金融机构 non-bank financial institutions非赢利性机构 non-profit organizations分税制 assignment of central and local taxes;tax assignment system分业经营 segregation of financial business(services);division of business scope based on the type of financial institutions风险暴露(风险敞口) risk exposure风险管理 risk management风险意识 risk awareness风险资本比例 risk-weighted capital ratios风险资本标准 risk-based capital standard服务事业收入 public service charges;user's charges扶贫 poverty alleviation负增长 negative growth复式预算制 double-entry budgeting;capital and current budgetary accountG改革试点 reform experimentation杠杆率 leverage ratio杠杆收购 leveraged buyout高息集资 to raise funds by offering high interest个人股 non-institutional shares根本扭转 fundamental turnaround(or reversal)公开市场操作 open market operations公款私存 deposit public funds in personal accounts公用事业 public utilities公有经济 the state-owned sector;the public sector公有制 public ownership工业成本利润率 profit-to-cost ratio工业增加值 industrial value added供大于求 supply exceeding demand;excessive supply鼓励措施 incentives股份合作企业 joint-equity cooperative enterprises股份制企业 joint-equity enterprises股份制银行 joint-equity banks固定资产贷款 fixed asset loans关税减免 tariff reduction and exemption关税减让 tariff concessions关税优惠 tariff incentives;preferential tariff treatment 规范行为to regularize(or standardize)…behavior规模效益 economies of scale国计民生 national interest and people's livelihood国家对个人其他支出 other government outlays to individuals国家风险 country risk国际分工 international division of labor国际收支 balance of payments国有独资商业银行 wholly state-owned commercial banks国有经济(部门) the state-owned(or public)sector国有企业 state-owned enterprises(SOEs)国有制 state-ownership国有资产流失 erosion of state assets国债回购 government securities repurchase国债一级自营商 primary underwriters of government securities 过度竞争 excessive competition过度膨胀 excessive expansion过热迹象 signs of overheatingH合理预期 rational expectation核心资本 core capital合资企业 joint-venture enterprises红利 dividend宏观经济运营良好 sound macroeconomic performance宏观经济基本状况 macroeconomic fundamentals宏观调控 macroeconomic management(or adjustment)宏观调控目标 macroeconomic objectives(or targets)坏账 bad debt还本付息 debt service换汇成本 unit export cost;local currency cost of export earnings汇兑在途 funds in float汇兑支出 advance payment of remittance by the beneficiary's bank汇率并轨 unification of exchange rates活期存款 demand deposits汇率失调 exchange rate misalignment混合所有制 diversified(mixed)ownership货币政策态势 monetary policy stance货款拖欠 overdue obligations to suppliersJ基本建设投资 investment in infrastructure基本经济要素 economic fundamentals基本适度 broadly appropriate经济金融术语汉英对照表(续表二)所有者权益 owner's equityT逃税(请见“避税”) tax evasion套汇 (1)指合法：currency swap;arbitrage(2)指非法：illegal purchase of foreign exchange 剔除季节性因素 seasonally adjusted调节流动性 to influence liquidity level贴现窗口 discount window同比 on year-on-year basis;over the same period of the previous year同业拆借(放) inter-bank borrowing(lending)同业拆借市场利率(中国) CHIBOR(China inter-bank offered rate)同业融通票据 inter-bank financing bills同业往来 inter-bank transactions透支 overdraft退税 tax refund(rebate)头寸 position吞吐基础货币 adjustment of monetary base脱媒现象 disintermediation安全网 safety net按可比口径 on comparable basis按轻重缓急 to prioritize暗补 implicit subsidy暗亏 hidden lossB颁发营业执照 to license;to grant a licence to办理存款业务 to take deposits保护农民的生产积极性 to protect farmers'incentive to produce备付金(超额准备金) excess reserves本外币并账 consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccounts 本外币对冲操作 sterilization operation本位利益 localized interest;departmentalism奔小康 to strive to prosper;to strive to become well-to-do避税(请见“逃税”) tax avoidance币种搭配不当 currency mismatch币种构成 currency composition变相社会集资 disguised irregular(or illegal) fund raising表外科目(业务) off-balance-sheet items(operation)薄弱环节 weaknesses;loopholes不变成本 fixed cost不变价 at constant price;in real terms不动产 real estate不良贷款(资产) problem loans;non-performing loans(assets)C财务公司 finance companies财政赤字 fiscal deficit财政挤银行 fiscal pressure on the central bank(over monetary policy)财政政策与货币政策的配合 coordination of fiscal and monetary policies采取循序渐进的方法 in a phased and sequenced manner操作弹性 operational flexibility操纵汇率 to manipulate exchange rate产品构成 product composition;product mix产品积压 stock pile;excessive inventory产销率 current period inventory;(即期库存，不含前期库存)sales/output ratio 产销衔接 marketability产业政策 industrial policy长期国债 treasury bonds敞口头寸 open position炒股 to speculate in the stock market承购包销 underwrite(securities)成套机电产品 complete sets of equipment;complete plant(s)城市信用社 urban credit cooperatives(UCCs)城市合作银行 urban cooperative banks;municipal united banks城市商业银行 municipal commercial banks城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅 real growth in household income持续升温 persistent overheating重复布点 duplicate projects重置成本 replacement cost重组计划 restructuring plan筹资渠道 funding sources;financing channels初见成效 initial success出口统一管理、归口经营 canalization of exports出口退税 export tax rebate储蓄存款 household deposits(不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。

2016年对外经济贸易大学翻译硕士考研国际经济法专业术语,考研真题

国际经济法专业术语中英文互译1.EXW工厂交货（指定地点）2.FCA:货交承运人（指定地点）3.FAS:船边交货（指定装运港）4.FOB:船上交货（指定装运港）5.CFR:：成本加运费（指定目的港6.CIF:：成本、保险加运费（指定目的港）7.CPT;：运费付至（指定目的地）8.DAF:边境交货（指定地点）9.DES:：目的港船上交货（指定目的港）10.DEQ;目的港码头交货（指定目的港11.DDU:未完税交货（指定目的地）12.DDP:完税交货（指定目的地）13.Offer:：要约14.Offeror;：要约人；报价人；发盘人15.Offeree:受要约人；接盘人，受盘人；被发价人16.Invitation for offer:要约邀请；发盘邀请17.Subject to our final confirmation:需经我方最后确认18.Cross offer:交叉发盘；交叉报价；交错报价；交叉发价19.Withdrawal:要约的撤回20.Revocability:：发价的撤销21.Counter-offer;还价；还盘；反要约22.Acceptance:接受；接纳；承兑；赞同23.Mail box rule:投递生效原则24.Receive of the letter of acceptance rule:到达生效原则te acceptance:：迟到的承诺;逾期承诺26.Identified to the contract:将货物特定化；将货物划定在该项合同项下（将货物划作履行某一合同的标的）27.Shipping documents;装运单据;货运单据；船运单据28.Sale by description;凭文字说明买卖29.Sale by sample:凭样品买卖30.Fundamental breach of contract根本违约；重大违约31.Anticipatory breach先期违约32.Specific performance实际履行33.Breach of condition违反条件条款34.Breach of warranty违反担保条款35.Unconditionally appropriated to the contract无条件地划拨于合同项下36.Reserve the right of disposal保留对货物的处分权37.To the order of the seller or his agent：以卖方或其代理人的名字为抬头的提单；凭卖方或其代理人指示的提单38.Sale on approval:：试销；试用买卖39.Floating cargo:：在途货物；水运途中的货物40.Quality to be considered as being about equal to the sample符合样品凭规格、等级或标准买卖41.Sales by specification,grade or standard凭规格、等级或标准买卖42.Fair average quality符合通常目的；中等品；良好平均品质（国际上买卖农副产品时常用此标准）43.Sales by brand of trade mark44.More or less clause溢短装条款；或多或少条款45.Bulk cargo：散装货46.Nude cargo裸散货,裸装货，裸包装47.Gross for net：以毛重作净重,以毛作净$500Per M/T CIF New York每吨500美元,CIF(到岸价)纽约49.Fixed price定价；标价；固定价格50.Sliding-scale按滑动费率支付专利权税51.Time of shipment装运时间，装船时间52.Time of delivery交货时间，交付时间53.Advice of shipment：装运通知，装船通知54.Insurance to be effected by the buyer保险由买方办理55.Inspection and claim clause检查与索赔条款56.Upon arrival of port of destination到达目的港后57.After discharge of the goods at the port of destination到达目的港卸货后58.Inspection certificate of quality质量检验证书；品质检验证书59.Inspection certificate of weight：重量检验证书60.Sanitary inspection certificate卫生检验证书61.Veterinary inspection certificate兽医检验证书；动物检疫证书62.Plant quarantine certification植物(病虫害)检疫证明63.Force majeure clause不可抗力条款64.Arbitration仲裁,公断65.Bill of lading提单66.Charter-party：租船合同67.Gencon航次租船合同68.Baltime巴尔的摩定期租船合同69.Prima facie evidence：初步证据70.Conclusive evidence绝对证据；最后证据；决定性证据71.Shipped or on board bill of lading已装船提单72.Received for shipment B/L备运提单；收货待运提单73.Clean B/L清洁提单74.Claused B/L,or Foul B/L不清洁提单75.Letter of Indemnity保函；保证书76.Open B/L,Bearer B/L不记名提单；77.Oder b/L指示提单78.Direct B/L：直达提单79.Ocean through B/L：海上联运提单80.Liner B/L：班轮提单81.Charter B/L：租船提单82.Negotiable quality：流通性；可转让性83.Assignor：转让人；出让人84.Assignee：受让人；代理人；受托人85.Endorsement in blank：空白背书；不记名背书86.Special endorsement：记名背书87.Due diligence：特别背书应有的谨慎；应有的注意88.Seaworthiness船舶适航89.Cargoworthiness适货tent defect潜在缺陷91.From tackle to tackle钩到钩92.Deviation绕行93.Voyage Charter航次租船94.Time charter定期租船合同95.Charter by demise光船租船ytime装卸时间97.Demurrage滞期费98.Dispatch money速遣费99.Lien留置权100.Trading limits航区限制101.Chartered period特许期限102.Employment and indemnity雇用及赔偿（条款）103.Payment of hire租金104.Off hire停租105.Air consignment航空托运106.Air waybill航空货运单107.Successive carriers连续承运人108.Actrual carrier实际承运人109.International multimodal transport国际多式联运110.Container集装箱111.Uniform liability principle统一赔偿责任原则work liability principle网状责任制113.Insurable interest保险利益114.Disclosure of material facts重要事实披露115.Material representation116.insurance policy保险单117.Accidents意外事故118.Total loss全损119.Partial loss部分损失120.General average共同海损121.Particular average单独海损122.Actual total loss实际全损123.Constructive total loss推定全损124.Sue and labour expenses施救费用125.Salvage charge救助费用126.Free from particular average(FPA)平安险127.With particular average(WPA)水渍险128.All risks一切险129.Subrogation代位130.Abandonment委付131.Export credits guarantee出口信贷担保132.Negotiable instruments可转让票据133.Predecessor前手134.Promissory note本票135.Draft汇票136.Drawer出票人137.Drawee付款人138.Payee收款人139.Issue出票140.Sight bill即期汇票141.After sight见票后付款142.Without recourse无追索权143.Presentment出示144.Acceptance of draft承兑汇票145.Dishonour拒付146.Protest拒绝证书147.Notary public公证人148.Collection托收149.Principal委托方150.Remitting bank托收行151.Collecting bank代收行152.Remittance letter汇款书153.Document against payment(D/P)付款交单154.Document against payment sight即期付款交单155.Document against payment after sight远期付款交单156.Documents against acceptance(D/A)承兑交单157.Letter of credit(L/C)信用证158.Revocable L/C可撤销信用证159.Confirmed L/C保兑信用证160.Transferable and divisible L/C可转让分割信用证161.Standby L/C备用信用证162.Deferred payment L/C/延期付款信用证163.Applicant开证申请人164.Issuing bank开证行165.Advising bank通知行166.Beneficiary受益人167.Negotiating bank议付行168.Paying bank付款行169.GATT（全拼写）General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade关税及贸易总协定170.Absolute advantage theory绝对优势理论parative Advantage theory比较优势理论172.A la carte173.Grandfather clause祖父条款174.The negotiations Committee,TNC谈判委员会175.Ministerial-Level Meeting部长级会议176.Dunkel Draft邓克尔草案177.The Blair House Agreement布莱尔大厦协议178.WTO世界贸易组织179.Marrakesh Agreement Establishing the World Trade Organization《马拉喀什建立世界贸易组织协定》.中文简称,《建立世界贸易组织协定》.180.Plurilateral Trade Agreement诸边贸易协定181.Trade Policy Review Mechanism贸易政策审议机制181.Ministerial Conference部长级会议182.General Council总理事会183.Council for Trade in Goods货物贸易理事会mittees on Trade and Development贸易与发展委员会mittees on Balance-of-payment Restrictions收支平衡限制委员会mittees on Budget,Finance and Administration预算,财务与行政小组委员会187.Secretariat of the WTO and Director-General世贸组织秘书处和总干事188.Privileges and immunity特权和豁免权189.Legal personality法人资格190.IMF国际货币基金组织191.IBRD国际复兴开发银行192.UNCTAD联合国贸易和发展会议，简称贸发会议193.WIPO世界知识产权组织194.ILO国际劳工组织195.Bank for International Settlement,BIS国际清算银行196.Regional Integration Agreement区域一体化协定197.Free Trade Area,Customs Union自由贸易区，关税同盟mon Market共同市场199.Reciprocity互惠200.MFN最惠国待遇201.The like products同类产品202.Harmonized Commodity Description and Coding System商品名称及编码协调制度203.National treatment国民待遇204.Market access市场准入205.Import quotas进口配额206.Import license进口许可证207.Transparency透明度208.Ad valoren duty从价税209.Specific duty从量税bined duty结合税211.Import tariffs进口关税212.Transit duties过境税213.General tariff一般关税214.Generalized system of preference普遍优惠制215.Special preference216.Concession217.Schedule of tariff concession关税减让表218.Customs valuation海关估价219.Transaction value交易价值220.Deductive value倒扣价格mittee on Customs Valuation CCV海关估价委员会222.Agreement on Preshipment Inspection装运前检验协议223.Price verification价格鉴证224.Rule of origin原产地规则225.Import and export ordinance进出口条例226.Primary rule首要规则227.Residual rule剩余规则228.De minimis微量允许标准229.Dumping倾销230.Normal price正常价格231.The ordinary course of trade正常贸易过程232.Affiliated party关联方233.At arm’s length保持距离（原则）234.Constructed price推定价格235.Determination of injury反倾销产业损害236.Material injury实质损害237.Threat of material injury实质损害威胁238.Material retardation of the establishment of such industry实质性阻碍建立的产业239.Cumulative assessment累积评估240.Causal relationship因果关系241.Burden of proof举证责任；证明责任242.On-the–spot investigation实地考察；实地调查243.Best information available最佳获得资料；最佳可获得资料244.Preliminary determination初步认定；初裁245.Final determination最终裁决；最终裁定246.Judicial review司法审查247.Provisional measures临时措施248.Price undertakings价格承诺249.Retroactive application of anti-dumping duties追溯征收250.SCM补贴与反补贴措施协议251.Specificity（补贴）的专向性252.Prohibited subsidy禁止性补贴(253.Export subsidy出口补助254.Actionable subsidy（补贴协议）可诉补贴255.Nullification or impairment of benefit利益损害或丧失256.Serious prejudice严重损害257.State trading enterprises国营贸易企业ernment procurement政府采购业务259.Safeguard measures保障措施260.Gray area measures灰色区域措施261.Selective safeguards measures选择性的保障措施262.Voluntary export restraints自愿出口限制；出口自我设限；自动出口限制263.Orderly marketing arrangement有秩序销售协议264.Recent enough,sharp enough,sudden enough,significant enough进口数量的增长必须是在时间上足够临近的（recent enough），足够突然的（sudden enough），足够明显的（sharp enough），足够重要的（significant enough），并在数量上和性质上能造成或威胁造成严重损害265.Unforeseen development未预见的发展266.Clearly imminent迫在眉睫267.Import surcharges进口追加款；进口附加费268.TBT技术性贸易壁垒技术性贸易壁垒协议269.Conformity assessment procedures符合性评估程序270.Preparation,adoption and application of technical regulation准备，接受和应用技术规则272.SPS卫生和植物检疫措施协议273.Primary products初级产品；农产品274.Domestic support(农产品)国内支持275.Deficiency payment差额补贴276.AMS支持总量277.reasonable departure cla use合理背离条款278.Agreement Regarding International Trade in Cotton Textiles在关于棉纺织品的国际贸易中有担保义务280.ATC纺织品与服装协定281.GATS服务业贸易总协定282.Cross-border supply跨境交付；跨境提供283.Consumption abroad（服务贸易）境外消费mercial presence商业存在285.Movement of natural persons关于自然人流动问题谈判的决定286.Horizontal commitments水平承诺287.Wholesale trade service批发贸易服务288.Distributive trade service分销业服务289.TRIPs与贸易有关的知识产权协定290.Geographic indication地理标志291.Marks of origin原产国标记；产地标记292.Industrial design工业设计293.Patents专利yout designs of integrated circuits集成电路布图设计295.Coercive package licensing强制性一揽子许可296.Injunctions禁令297.Damages损害赔偿298.TRIMs与贸易有关的投资措施290.Optimal use合理利用291.Social accountability社会责任；social Accountability8000即"社会责任标准" petition policy竞争政策293.Consensus协商一致294.Negative consensus反向一致295.TPRB贸易政策评审机构296.DSB争端解决机构297Consultation磋商298.Exhaustion of remedy穷尽法律救济299.Violation case违反之诉300.Non-violation case非违反之诉301.Panel专家组302.Appellate body上诉机构303.Arbitration仲裁304.Parallel retaliation平行报复305.Cross retaliation交叉报复2015年8月资料来源：育明考研考博官网。

经济学术语集锦

Page 4
滞涨
滞胀全称停滞性通货膨胀(Stagflation)，“滞”是指经济增长停滞，“胀”是指通货膨胀。在经济学，特别是宏观经济学中，特指经济停滞(Stagnation)与高通货膨胀 (Inflation)，失业以及不景气同时存在的经济现象。通俗的说就是指物价上升，但经济停滞不前。它是通货膨胀长期发展的结果。造成停滞性通货膨胀的原因通常有： 1.政府错误的经济政策（包括财政与税收政策、货币政策、贸易政策等） 2. 供给冲击，生产成本快速上涨使得社会供给不足，在带来通货膨胀的同时还会导致产出下降。例如石油危机造成石油价格上涨，厂商无法立即反应其成本，在高成本的压力下，难以生存，失业率因此而提高。解决滞胀的政策方法：对付"滞胀"一般采用财政政策效果较好，比如，通过加大财政开支或减税等措施来刺激经济增长，当然，如辅之以适度升息来控制通胀，则效果更好。
引导市场长期利率下降
Page 9
去库存化
在经济上行周期尤其在2006年和2007年里，中国企业因原材料商品价格上涨预期、出口形势良好、企业盈利前景看好等各种原因，而增加了大量产成品或原材料库存，甚至扩大投资、购进机器设备，大大扩充了产能。而在2008年下半年国际国内宏观经济形势急转直下的形势下，这些就形成了库存，2009年只有消化了这些库存，企业才能重新整装前进，经济才能回到增长的轨道。中金公司将库存及去库存化分成两类，即狭义库存和广义库存，相应地有狭义去库存化和广义去库存化。中金报告指出，狭义去库存化仅指降低产品库存水平，譬如企业降低原材料库存，这一点可能较快实现。广义去库存化，即消化过剩产能的过程不会很快结束。中国近年来多数工业品产能扩张了数倍，且2007年至2008年的在建产能仍规模巨大，将于未来逐渐释放，这一产能过剩的严重性从宏观层面的投资与消费失衡局面就可见一斑。投资过度和消费不足，使得消化过剩产能要比狭义的去库存化更长期、更痛苦。

经济名词

1. 国民收入（national income）：指物质生产部门劳动者在一定时期所创造的价值，从社会总产值中扣除物质消耗后的剩余部分就是国民收入，国民收入（价值形态）=社会总产值-已消耗生产资料价值或国民收入（实物形态）=社会总产品-已消耗生产资料。

作为一个综合性的宏观经济指标，它有广义和狭义之分，广义的国民收入泛指国民生产总值、国民生产净值、国民收入、个人收入、个人可支配收入5个总量，及其相关指标，国民收入决定理论中所讲的国民收入就是指广义的国民收入；狭义的国民收入仅指工资、利润、利息和地租的总和。

2. 国民生产总值（GNP）：指一个国家（或地区）所有常住单位在一定时期内收入初次分配的最终结果。

一国常住单位从事生产活动所创造的增加值在初次分配中主要分配给该国的常住单位，但也有一部分以生产税及进口税（扣除生产和进口补贴）、劳动者报酬和财产收入等形式分配给非常住单位；同时，国外生产所创造的增加值也有一部分以生产税及进口税（扣除生产和进口补贴）、劳动者报酬和财产收入等形式分配给该国的常住单位，从而产生了国民生产总值的概念。

它等于国内生产总值加上来自国外的净要素收入。

与国内生产总值不同，国民生产总值是个收入概念，而国内生产总值是个生产概念。

3.. 国内生产总值（GDP）：指一个国家（或地区）所有常住单位在一定时期内生产活动的最终成果。

国内生产总值有三种表现形态，即价值形态、收入形态和产品形态。

从价值形态看，它是所有常住单位在一定时期内生产的全部货物和服务价值超过同期中间投入的全部非固定资产货物和服务价值的差额，即所有常住单位的增加值之和；从收入形态看，它是所有常住单位在一定时期内创造并分配给常住单位和非常住单位的初次收入分配之和；从产品形态看，它是所有常住单位在一定时期内最终使用的货物和服务价值与货物和服务净出口价值之和。

在实际核算中，国内生产总值有三种计算方法，即生产法、收入法和支出法。

三种方法分别从不同的方面反映国内生产总值及其构成。

最全金融行业术语英文翻译

最全金融行业术语英文翻译本文档旨在为您提供最全面的金融行业术语的英文翻译，帮助您更好地理解和使用这些术语。

以下是我们整理的金融行业术语及对应的英文翻译：1. 金融市场：Financial market2. 资金流动：Capital flow3. 股票：Stock4. 债券：Bond5. 期权：Option6. 期货：Futures7. 衍生品：Derivative8. 投资组合：Portfolio9. 风险管理：Risk management10. 资产负债表：Balance sheet12. 现金流量表：Cash flow statement13. 财务分析：Financial analysis14. 贷款：Loan15. 存款：Deposit16. 利率：Interest rate17. 汇率：Exchange rate18. 银行业务：Banking business19. 保险业务：Insurance business20. 财富管理：Wealth management21. 资产管理：Asset management22. 投资银行：Investment banking23. 证券交易所：Stock exchange24. 资本市场：Capital market26. 风险投资：Venture capital27. 股票交易：Stock trading28. 期货交易：Futures trading29. 存款利率：Deposit rate30. 贷款利率：Loan rate这仅仅是金融行业术语的一小部分，更多术语可以根据实际需要进行进一步查询和研究。

希望本文档对您有所帮助。

经济学术语外文翻译

经济学术语外文翻译澳新紧密经济关系协定ANZCERTA：Australia New Zealand Closer Economic Relations Trade Agreement摆脱亚洲金融危机的影响shake off the impact of the financial crisis帮助人才脱颖而出help excellent talents find way to distinction备件spare parts部长级会议ministerial meeting采取积极财政政策proactive fiscal policy出口创汇型/外向型产业export-oriented industry垂直兼并vertical merger倒爷profiteer抵免offset东盟自由贸易区AFTA：ASEAN Free Trade Area东南亚国家联盟ASEAN：Association of South-East Asian Nations对外项目承包foreign project contracting反倾销措施anti-dumping measures against ……防伪标志anti-fake label放松银根ease monetary policy非配额产品quota-free products非生产性投资investment in non-productive projects风险管理/评估risk management/ assessment风险基金venture capital风险准备金loan loss provision/ provisions of risk岗位培训on-the-job training港元的联系汇率制the linkage system between the US dollar and the HK dollar搞活国有大中型企业revitalize large and medium-sized state owned enterprises工程项目engineering project工业增加值industrial added value公正合理equitable and rational固定资产投资investment in the fixed assets广开就业门路increase employment opportunities; create jobs in every possible way; open up more channels of employment规模经济scale economy/ economies of scale国合企业（即国有合作社）state-owned cooperatives国际清算international settlement国际收支平衡balance of international payments/ balance of payment国际收支不平衡disequilibrium of balance of payment国家补贴public subsidies国家鼓励项目projects listed as encouraged by the state国家科技创新体系State Scientific and Technological Innovation System国家现汇结存state foreign exchange reserves合理引导消费guide rational consumption横向兼并horizontal merger坏帐、呆帐、死帐bad account/ dead account/ uncollectible account/bad debt/ badloan货币市场money market机构臃肿overstaffing in (government) organizations机构重叠organizational overlapping技工贸结合的科技型企业scientific and technological enterprises that integrate scientific and technological development with industrial and trade development季节性调价seasonal price adjustments既成事实established/accomplished facts减免债务reduce and cancel debts建材building materials进口环节税import linkage tax经常项目current account经常性的财政收入regular revenues竟价投标competitive bidding就业前培训pre-job training控股公司holding company垃圾融资junk financing劳动密集性企业labor-intensive enterprises劳务合作labor service cooperation累计实现顺差143.4美元accumulatively realizing trade surplus利改税substitution of tax payment for profit delivery流动人口floating population龙头产品lagship product乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises/ unauthorized pooling of funds, compulsory donations and random levies on enterprises慢性萧条chronic depression农业技术合作ATC：Agricultural Technical Cooperation盘活存量资产revitalize stock assets配件accessories皮包公司flying-by-night company; bogus company平等互利、讲求实效、形式多样、共同发展的方针pursuing practical results, adopting various waysand seeking common development/ the principle of equality, mutual benefit, efficiency, diversity and mutual development瓶颈制约“bottleneck”restrictions企业的自我约束机制self-regulating mechanism of enterprises企业技术改造technological updating of enterprises企业亏损补贴subsidies to cover enterprise losses企业所得税corporate income tax千年问题、千年虫millennium bug抢得先机take the preemptive opportunities清理、修订screen and modify求同存异overcome differences and seek common ground商住和公益设施建设commercial, residential and public utility construction申报制度reporting system; income declaration system实行股份制enforce stockholding system实行国民待遇grant the national treatment to, treat foreign investors as quals to the Chinese counterparts市场准人的行政管理措施AAMA Administrative Aspects of Market Access适销对路的产品readily marketable products双重轨制two-tier system / double-track system水利water conservation所有制形式forms of ownership贪图安逸crave comfort and pleasure通货紧缩deflation通货膨胀inflation同步增长increase in the same pace外援方式modality of foreign aid无氟冰箱freon-free refrigerator无纸交易paperless transaction现代企业制度modern corporate system消费膨胀inflated consumption协议投标negotiated bidding信息化informationize形成统一、开放和竞争有序的市场establish an unified, open market with orderly competition亚欧会议ASEM：Asia-Europe Meeting亚太法定计量论坛APLMF：Asia Pacific Legal Metrology Forum亚太工商咨询理事会ABAC：APEC Business Advisory Council亚太计量程序APMP：Asia Pacific Metrology Program亚太经合组织部长级会议AMM：APEC MinisteriaI Meeting亚太经合组织经济领导人会议AELM：APEC Economic Leaders Meeting亚太经济合作组织APEC：Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation亚太能源研究中心APERC：Asia Pacific Energy Research Center亚太商业论坛ABF：APEC Business Forum亚太商业网络APB-Net：Asia-Pacific Business Network亚太实验室认可合作APLAC：Asia Pacific Laboratory Accreditation Cooperation亚太通讯与数据系统ACDS：APEC Communications and Database System亚太信息基础设施APII：Asia-Pacific Information Infrastructure亚太中小企业技术交流与培训中心ACTETSME：APEC Center for Technology Exchange and Training for Small and Medium Enterprises亚洲开发银行ADB: Asian Development Bank以试点的形式实行外贸权自动登记制度implement an automatic registration system of foreign trading rights on a trial basis营业税turnover tax在巩固公有制主体地位的同时,促进多种所有制经济共同发展alongside fortifying the status of the public ownership as the mainstay, it is also encouraged to witness common development of different systems of ownership债转股debt-to-equity swap中华人民共和国保护台湾同胞投资实施条例Implementation Rules of the P.R.C. on the Protection of Investments by Compatriots from Taiwan中介服务组织intermediary service organization注入新的生机与活力bring new vigor and vitality into转化经营机制change the method of operation资本项目capital account自1999年1月1日起实行come into official enforcement as of January 1, 1999自由浮动汇率free floating exchange rate; variable exchange rate自驻经营,自负盈亏responsible for their own management decisions, profits and losses走上良性发展的轨道going on the track of sound progressshipping service company 船务公司generic products非商标(非专利)产品prudent monetary policy稳健的货币政策deficit spending超前消费run on banks(到银行)挤兑domestic support to agriculture 对农业的国内支持special bonds特种债券economy of abundance 富裕经济Animal-based protein动物源性蛋白dual purpose exports军民两用品出口dual-use goods and technology 军民两用产品和技术NAFTA North American Free Trade Area北美自由贸易区global quota全球配额grandfather clause祖父条款Animal-derived food动物源食品EVSL (Early Voluntary Sectoral Liberalization)部门提前自愿自由化TILF (Trade and Investment Liberalization and Facilitation)贸易和投资自由化和便利化文章发布：/index.html。

时事政治经济术语词汇中英文对照

时事政治术语词汇中英文对照civil partnership：民事伴侣关系witness：证人deploy：部署hard line：强硬路线lash out：严厉斥责clinical trial：临床试验abstention：弃权stoppage：中止；中断vaccinate：接种疫苗detonate：引爆；爆炸mascot：吉祥物cull：扑杀field work：实地考察riot：骚乱；暴动derail：脱轨；出轨stampede：蜂拥；踩踏stamp out：扑灭runoff：决定性竞选adjournment：延期；休会trilogy：三部曲touch down：着陆；落地Low profile：低调的形象cold front：冷锋blast off：发射；升空launch pad：发射台relief：救济；救济品aftershock：余震mire：陷入困境mastermind：策划felony：重罪hearing：听证会bear down on：逼近power-for-money deal：权钱交易exit poll：投票后民调standoff：僵局theme park：主题公园hunt down：追捕直至抓获tenure：任期bustling：熙熙攘攘的overshadow：投上阴影hands-on：亲自参与deplore：深表遗憾hordes of：成群的death toll：死亡人数sexual harassment：性骚扰constitution：宪法deliberate on：审议martyr：烈士；殉难者military exercises：军事演习clamp down on：施压于；压制Fatality：死亡；宿命Cruise missile：巡航导弹Whopping：巨大的Reconnaissance：侦察，踏勘Touch down：着陆，降落Smother：使熄灭，使窒息Haze：薄雾Remand：还押，押候Submarine：潜艇Sticking point：症结Protracted：延长的Bloodthirsty：残忍的Amphibious assault vehicle：水陆两用装甲车Surveillance：监视，监督Recess：休会；暂时中断Jetliner：喷气式客机Downpour：倾盆大雨Half brother：异父或异母兄弟Desolate：荒凉的，无人烟的Compare notes：交换意见Drought：旱灾；干旱季节Erode：腐蚀；使减少、减弱Defending champion：卫冕冠军Hunger strike：绝食抗议Disaffected：不忠的，不满的Seal off：封锁，阻隔Strand：使陷于困境Tribunal：特等法庭Sabotage：蓄意破坏Devout：虔敬的，诚恳的Operation：军事行动Shucks：歉意，失望Hand out：分发，施舍Rear-end：追尾Shed light on：使某事清楚Overrun：蹂躏，侵占Barbed：有刺的Margin of error：误差幅度Disarmament：裁军，解除武装Head for：动身，前往Double-decker：双层巴士Outskirts：市郊，郊外Edge out：微微胜过Anonymity：匿名，无名Blistering：酷热的Envoy：外交使节，特使Launch window：发射时限Upbeat：乐观的，愉快的Disrespectful：失礼的，无礼的Aggression：侵略；挑衅美国政治术语全记录之英汉对照(A-G)academic freedom：(学术自由) affirmative action:(弱族辅助行动) AFL-CIO：Abbreviation for the American Federation of Labor–Congress of Industrial Organizations, (美国联邦工会)Alaskan pipeline：(阿拉斯加石油运输管道)alderman：(AWL-duhr-muhn) A member of a city council. 市政代表American Civil Liberties Union：美国民权自由同盟.American Dream：美国梦American Legion：美国老兵会antitrust legislation：反托拉斯立法apportionment：议会席位分配appropriation：拨款arbitration：仲裁Atomic Energy Commission：原子能委员会attorney general of the United States：美国司法部长block grant: 一种联邦对各州的拨款blue laws:蓝色法令,通常是限制酒吧及酒类在星期天营业或销售的法令. branches of government:政府各部门broad construction:广义解释(指对宪法) busing:公车接送学生.(反种族歧视的手段之一)cabinet:内阁, 包括14个联邦政府部长campaign finance reform:竞选资助改革capital offense:死罪, 包括谋杀和叛国罪等可能被判死刑的犯罪capital punishment:死刑Capitol Hill:国会山caucus:(KAW-kuhs) 美国的党代会Central Intelligence Agency:中央情报局checks and balances:(权力)制衡civil liberties:民事自由civil rights:民事权利clear and present danger:显而易见的危险(一种限制言论自由的标准.) closed primary:闭锁式初选，排他性预选cloture:(KLOH-chuhr) 以表决结束辩论coattail effect:裙带关系影响commander in chief:全军统帅(指战争状态的总统)confirmation hearings:确认听证Congress:国会Congressional Record:国会记录. conscientious objector:拒服兵役者Constitution, United States:美国宪法. containment, policy of:牵制外交政策contempt of Congress:藐视国会contempt of court:藐视法庭court of appeals:上诉法院cruel and unusual punishment:异常酷刑dark horse:黑马de facto segregation:种族隔离defendant:The party that is being sued in court. (Compare plaintiff.)Democrat:民主党员.Department of Agriculture:农业部Department of Commerce:商业部Department of Defense:国防部, 总部设在Pentagon.(五角大楼) Department of Education:教育部Department of Energy:能源部Department of Health and Human Services:健康及公共事业部Department of Housing and Urban Development:住宅及城市发展部Department of Justice:司法部Department of Labor:劳动部Department of State:国务院,(与中国不同,该相当于外交部,首脑叫国务卿(secretary of state.)Department of the Interior:内务部Department of the Treasury:财政部Department of Transportation:交通部Department of Veterans Affairs:退役军人事务部direct primary:一种选举程序,中国无对应的名词,遂附英语原注释An election in which voters choose candidates to run on a party’s ticket in a subsequent election for public office. district attorney:地区检控官(律师) dollar diplomacy:美元外交domino theory:多米诺理论(指对一个主要的共产党国家失去控制将导致区域性共产主义运动.donkey:驴,民主党的徽记double jeopardy:双重处罚,指在统一管辖范围对统一犯罪审判两次.该属宪法禁止的.draft:抓壮丁式的征兵draft dodger:逃壮丁者Drug Enforcement Administration:毒品管理署due process of law:正当审判原则, 指公民未经正当合法的司法程序不得被剥夺生命,自由和财产.E pluribus unum:众多中的一个.(拉丁语美国格言,印在美国货币上)Eastern Establishment:东部权势集团Electoral College:选民代表(选民选出的再投票代表们)elephant:象(共和党党徽) entitlements:联邦资助项目(复) Environmental Protection Agency:环保署Equal Employment Opportunity Commission:平等就业机会委员会equal opportunity:机会平等(教育,就业,人权等方面)equal protection of the laws:法律面前人人平等Equal Rights Amendment:平权修正案equal time:指政党代表在电视,电台辩论发言时间均等ex post facto:溯及既往ex post facto law:溯及既往的法律 (为宪法所禁止)executive branch:执行部门farm bloc:国会里的农业集团favorite son:最佳候选人Federal Bureau of Investigation:联邦调查局federalism:联邦制fellow traveler:同党felony:重罪Fifth Amendment:第五修正俺filibuster:为阻挠议事而进行的冗长发言First Amendment:第一修正案Foggy Bottom:雾底(美国国务院的昵称,取自原座落地名)Foreign Relations Committee:对外关系委员会Foreign Service:住外事务处,(外交使团的总称)Fourteenth Amendment:十四修正案. franchise:政治上指投票权freedom of assembly:集会自由freedom of association:结社自由freedom of religion:宗教自由. freedom of speech:言论自由. freedom of the press:新闻自由friend of the court:指法庭顾问gay rights:同性恋权利.gender gap:性别隔阂.指男女之间日见明显的投票倾向的差异gerrymander:指执政党为保持选举优势采取的重划选区以削弱反对党选民范围的方法.Good Neighbor policy:罗斯福对拉丁美洲的好邻居政策GOP:Abbreviation of Grand Old Party, 大老党,共和党的别称grand jury:大陪审团guilt by association:连坐gunboat diplomacy:炮舰外交habeas corpus:人身保护hawks and doves:鹰派与鸽派hearsay:传闻homicide:他杀(有合法非法之分) House of Representatives:众议院hung jury:未作出裁决的陪审团政治用语英汉翻译马列主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、江泽民“三个代表”重要思想Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought, Deng Xiao-ping Theory, Jiang Zemin “Three Represent’s”important Thought新民主主义革命new-democratic revolution民族独立和人民解放national independence and the liberation of the people经济体制改革和政治体制改革reforms in the economic and political structure 社会主义制度socialist system社会变革social transformation建设有中国特色的社会主义事业the cause of building socialism with Chinese characteristics中华民族的伟大复兴the great rejuvenation of the Chinese nation党在社会主义初级阶段的基本理论、基本路线、基本纲领the basic theory, line and program of our Party in theprimary stage of socialism改革开放政策the policies of reform and opening to the outside中国共产党十一届三中全会The Third Plenary Session of the 11th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China马克思主义政党Marxist political Party 党的第一（第二、第三）代中央领导集体the collective leadership of the Party Central Committee of the first (second\third)generation人民民主专政the people’s democratic dictatorship国民经济体系national economic system综合国力aggregate national strength 国内生产总值the annual gross domestic product(GDP)独立自主的和平外交政策an independent foreign policy of peace 马克思主义基本原理同中国具体实际相结合the fundamental principles of Marxism with the specific situation in China加强和改进党的建设，不断增强党的创造力、凝聚力和战斗力，永葆党的生机与活力strengthen and improve Party building, continuously enhance the creativity, rallying power and combat capability of the Party, and always maintain its vigor and vitality“三个代表”就是必须代表中国先进生产力的发展要求，代表中国先进文化的前进方向，代表中国最广大人民的根本利益，是我们党的立党之本、执政之基、力量之源，是我们党始终站在时代前列，保持先进性的根本体现和根本要求。

国际经济法名词解释汇总

国际经济法名词解释11．ADR（American Depository Receipts），美国存托凭证，是美国信托银行公开发行的，表明非美国公司业已发行的某种股票，一经发行，即可在美国自由交易。

1 BOT(建设-经营-转让)：是指政府(通过契约)授予私营业(包括外国企业)以一定期限的特许专营权，许可其融资建设和经营特定的公用基础设施，并准许其通过向用户收取费用或出售产品以清偿贷款、回收投资并赚取利润。

特许权期限届满时，该基础设施无偿移交给政府。

7．CFR，全称Cost and Freight（…named port of destination），中文意为“成本加运费（……指定目的港）”，指在装运港货物越过船舷时卖方即完成交货，卖方须支付将货物运至指定目的港所需的运费。

但货物的风险是在装运港船舷转移的。

该术语适合于海运或内河运输。

CFR价与下列CIF价相比，在价格构成中少了保险费，因此，除了保险是由买方办理外，其他的双方义务与下列CIF价基本相同。

应该注意的是，CFR 价装船是卖方而投保又是买方，卖方在装船后应给买方以充分的通知，否则，因此而造成买方漏保引起的货物损失应由卖方承担。

2 CIF：即成本、保险费加运费，是国际贸易术语的一种，是Cost，insuranceandfreight的缩写或简称。

在具体使用时，在它后面要加注目的港。

在CIF，卖方必须支付成本费和将货物运至指定的目的港所需的运费，还必须办理货物在运输途中应由买方承担的货物灭失或损坏风险的海运保险。

卖方订立保险合同并支付保险费。

但只能要求卖方取得最低的保险险别。

此外，卖方须办理货物出口结关手续。

3 FCA：即货交承运人，是国际贸易术语的一种，是Freecarrier的缩写或简称。

在具体使用时，在它的后面要加注“指定地点”。

卖方办理货物出口结关将货物交至指定地点的由卖方指定的承运人照管。

如果买方未指定准确的地点，则卖方可在规定的地点或地段内选择承运人照管货物的地点。

金融术语

金融术语Notes1.Banks provide most of the credit our economy needs by making loans to enterprises, individuals and governments.银行通过向企业、个人和政府发放贷款，提供我国国民经济所需的大部分信贷资金。

(1)(credit) our economy needs我国国民经济所需的（信贷资金）此句为定语从句，省略了关系代词which，修饰前面的先行词credit。

(2)economy n.①the system or range of economic activity in a country, region, or community经济体：国家、地区或群体的经济活动体系和范围例：Effects of inflation were felt at every level of the economy.通货膨胀影响到每一经济阶层②a specific type of economic system经济制度：特定经济体系类型例：an industrial economy; a planned economy.工业经济体制；计划经济体制(3)by making loans to enterprises, individuals and governments是介词短语，在句中做状语。

by prep. with the use or help of; through借助于；通过(4)making (loans to…)是动名词，做介词by的宾语。

2.The interest that borrowers pay for their loans or for their notes discounted forms the major source of banks' income.借款人支付贷款或贴现票据的利息形成了银行主要收入的来源。

经济术语翻译

经济术语翻译经济指标economic indicators社会总产值total product of society工农业总产值gross output value of industry and agriculture公平易近收入national income临盆力productive forces临盆材料capital goods宏不雅调控macro-economic control 经济杠杆economic levers家当政策industrial policy财务, 税收, 信贷，利率, 汇率public financing, taxation, credit, interest rate, exchange rate进步经济效益enhance economic performance/returns社会效益social effect/returns实现持续、稳定、调和的成长bring about sustained, stable and coordinated development财务赤字(红利) budget deficit(surplus)外贸出口总额gross foreign export value外商直接投资协定金额contracted foreign direct investment实际应用外资foreign investment in actualuse三资企业(中外合伙合作、外商独资经营) three kinds of enterprises with foreign investment: sino-foreign joint venture, contractual joint venture许可外商独资经营allow full foreign equity operation优惠前提favorable terms减免税收tax reduction and exemption合作方法approaches to cooperation出资方法means of contributing investment合营刻日contract term of a joint venture三来一补(来料加工,来件装配,来样加工) processing and compensationtrades(processing with materials or given samples, assembling supplied components)贸易伙伴trade partner转口贸易transit trade积极引进外来资金、技巧、人才和治理经验actively introduce capital, technology, competent professionals and managerial expertise form outside交钥匙工程turn-key project招标承包制bidding invitation contract system招标出售技巧bids for technology公开招标call for bid; tenders招标单invitation for bid (IFB)标书bidding document竟标competitive bidding投标bid for a project投标报价书bid proposals评标bid proposal evaluation开标bid opening中标win a bid; be awarded a tender拍卖auction租赁leasing保税区bonded area; free trade area实施全方位开放practice multi-directionalopening同一政策、摊开经营、平等竞争、unified policy, liberalized operation, and equal competition自负盈亏、工贸结合、履行代理制responsibility for one’s own profits and losses, the integration of industry and foreign trade, and the promotion of agent system常识产权intellectual property rights技巧让渡technology transfer可行性研究feasibility study意向书letter of intent投资情况investment environment跨国公司transnational corporation基本举措措施infrastructure20年根本实现现代化basically achieve modernization in 20 years发挥技巧窗口治理窗口和人才窗口的感化serve as a medium for introducing advanced technologies, managerial expertise and qualified professionals from outside.招商attract investment招商项目project proposals for investment同国际惯例接轨follow the international codes of practice; bring … in line with the international usage加大年夜改革力度intensify reforms一条龙办事one package service一支笔审批one-chop approval我们两市的经济互补性很强。

英汉翻译教程讲解第四章

第4章Unit 4 Economy1. 经济文章选篇。

其特点是：着重说明经济形势，提出主张和建议，以大量数据说明问题。

所用语言视场合而定，文件的语言正式而精练，演讲的语言则要比较易于上口。

2. 语言对比：（1）经济术语。

经济领域有大量的专门术语。

如：two way trade双向贸易l ucrative export markets 获利的出口市场foreign exchange 外汇commercial opportunities商业机会export opportunities 出口机会potential exports潜在市场（2）有些普通词语在经济文章中有特殊含义。

经济术语有特殊的用法和搭配。

例1）The result, I believe, is that we have built the beginnings of a sound foundation for future commercial and financial ties.我相信我们已经为今后贸易与金融关系初步打下了坚实的基础。

例2）There are more than 20 joint ventures between the US and Chinese investors.现在有20多家中美合资企业。

（3）数字及有关的术语和量词。

数字很容易出错，因此要特别仔细核对。

和数字有关的动词、介词、形容词、副词也很重要。

如“增加了”和“增加”表示的意思是不一样的。

by用来表示增加或减少的幅度。

表示倍数时汉语与英语不一样。

汉语：1）甲比乙...（形容词或副词）n倍：不包括基数。

2）甲是乙n倍：包括基数。

英语：1) "n+ times + adj.比较级+than"式：包括基数；2) "n+ times + as + adj. + as"式：包括基数；3) "verb (e.g. increase, grow, rise, be raised, etc.) + n + times"式：包括基数。

经济金融术语汉英对照表

经济金融术语汉英对照表中文术语英文术语宏观经济学Macroeconomics微观经济学Microeconomics地区生产总值（GDP）Gross Domestic Product (GDP) 通货膨胀Inflation通货紧缩Deflation国内生产总值（GDP）Gross National Product (GNP) 名义GDP Nominal GDP实际GDP Real GDP人均GDP Per Capita GDP全民国民收入Per Capita National Income社会生产总值（Gross SocialProduct, GSP）Gross Social Product (GSP)国内生产总值增长率（GDP growth rate）Gross Domestic Product Growth Rate投资Investment消费Consumption净出口Net Exports备受关注的经济指标Key Economic Indicators通货Currency货币政策Monetary Policy货币供应量Money Supply货币政策利率Monetary Policy Interest Rates 联邦基金利率Federal Funds Rate基准利率Benchmark Interest Rate 外汇市场Foreign Exchange Market 实物经济Real Economy虚拟经济Virtual Economy金融市场Financial Market股票市场Stock Market债券市场Bond Market商品市场Commodity Market期货市场Futures Market外汇市场Foreign Exchange Market 金融机构Financial Institutions银行Bank证券公司Securities Company保险公司Insurance Company基金公司Fund Company资本市场Capital Market利率市场Interest Rate Market内部收入机制Internal Income Mechanism 资本市场有价证券交易所Capital Market SecuritiesExchange股份制Joint-Stock System公司Corporation股票Stock优先股Preferred Stock普通股Common Stock证券Securities债券Bond地方债券Municipal Bond政府债券Government Bond企业债券Corporate Bond金融派生工具Financial Derivatives期权Option期货Futures互换合同Swap Contract外汇Foreign Exchange货币市场Money Market投资基金Investment Fund公开市场操作Open Market Operations逆回购Reverse Repurchase Agreements货币购买政策Monetary Purchase Policy信贷政策Credit Policy空头市场Bear Market多头市场Bull Market黑市Black Market灰色市场Gray Market以上是经济金融领域中一些常用的中文和英文术语的对照表。

经济学常用英文名词翻译修正无误版

经济学常用英文名词翻译修正无误版经济学常用英文名词翻译Equilibrium，competitive 竞争均衡见竟争均衡（competitive equilibrium）。

Equilibrium，general 一般均衡见一般均衡分析（general－equilibrium analysis）Equilibrium，macroeconomic 宏观经济均衡意愿总需求等于意愿总供给的GDP水平。

在均衡时，意愿的消费（C），政府支出（G），投资（I）和净出口（X）的总量正好等于在当前价格水平下企业所愿意出售的总量。

Equimarginal principle 等边际法则决定收入在不同消费品之间分配的法则。

消费者可按此法则选择消费组合，使花费在所有商品和服务上的每一美元的边际效用都相等，就能保证消费者所获得的效用最大化。

Exchange rate 汇率见外汇汇率（foreign exchange rate）Exchange－rate system 汇率制度国家之间进行支付时所依据的一组规则、安排和制度。

历史上最重要的汇率制度是金本位制、布雷顿森林体系和现在的浮动汇率制。

Excise tax vs． sales tax 消费税和销售税消费税是对某种或某组商品，如酒和烟草的购买所课征的税。

销售税是对除少数特定商品（如食品）以外的所有商品所课征的税。

Exclusion principle 排他原则私人品区别于公共品的一种性质。

当生产者将一种商品卖给A后，若能很容易地将B、C、D等人排除在该商品益处享用过程之外，则排他原则就在发生作用，该商品也因此是一项私人品。

若不能轻易地把其他人排除在分享过程之外，如公共卫生或国防，则我们称该商品具有公共品的特征。

Exogenous vs． induced variables 外生变量和引致变量外生变量是那些由经济体系以外的因素来决定的变量。

与外生变量相对应的是引致变量，后者是由经济体系的内在运行所决定的。

金融术语翻译

经济金融术语汉英对照表A安全网safety net按可比口径on comparable basis按轻重缓急to prioritize暗补implicit subsidy暗亏hidden lossB颁发营业执照to license;to grant a licence to 办理存款业务to take deposits保护农民的生产积极性to protect farmers'incentive to produce备付金（超额准备金）excess reserves本外币并账consolidation of domestic and foreign currencyaccounts本外币对冲操作sterilization operation本位利益localized interest;departmentalism 奔小康to strive to prosper;to strive to become well-to-do避税（请见“逃税”）tax avoidance币种搭配不当currency mismatch币种构成currency composition变相社会集资disguised irregular（or illegal）fund raising表外科目（业务）off-balance-sheet items （operation）薄弱环节weaknesses;loopholes不变成本fixed cost不变价at constant price;in real terms不动产real estate不良贷款（资产）problem loans；non-performing loans（assets）C财务公司finance companies财政赤字fiscal deficit财政挤银行fiscal pressure on the central bank （over monetary policy）财政政策与货币政策的配合coordination of fiscal and monetary policies采取循序渐进的方法in a phased and sequenced manner操作弹性operational flexibility操纵汇率to manipulate exchange rate产品构成product composition;product mix产品积压stock pile;excessive inventory产销率current period inventory;（即期库存，不含前期库存）sales/output ratio产销衔接marketability产业政策industrial policy长期国债treasury bonds敞口头寸open position炒股to speculate in the stock market承购包销underwrite（securities）成套机电产品complete sets of equipment;complete plant（s）城市信用社urban credit cooperatives（UCCs）城市合作银行urban cooperative banks;municipal united banks城市商业银行municipal commercial banks城乡居民收入增长超过物价涨幅real growth in household income持续升温persistent overheating重复布点duplicate projects重置成本replacement cost重组计划restructuring plan筹资渠道funding sources;financing channels 初见成效initial success出口统一管理、归口经营canalization of exports出口退税export tax rebate储蓄存款household deposits（不完全等同于西方的savingsdeposits，前者包括活期存款，后者不包括。

常用经济术语翻译

以路养路 use tolls to repay investment in road projects 下放审批权 delegate the authority to examine and approve to lower levels 统而不死，活而不乱 ensure a flexible control 良性循环 positive cycle 国民经济的支柱 mainstay of the national economy 格局初步形成 Pattern has taken initial shape. 理顺企业的产权关系 rationalize the property rights relationships of enterprises 政策性亏损 policy-related loss 三角债 chain debts 上不封顶，下不保底 set no ceiling limit and give no minimum guarantee 企业“工效挂钩” link total payroll with the performance of an enterprise 生意兴隆/冷淡 Business is booming/sluggish 质量信得过单位 quality trustworthy organization 批量生产 mass production 以销定产 limit production to market ability 内联企业 inland associated enterprises 菜篮子工程 shipping basket project 国产化 percentage of home-made parts 配套改革 coordinated reforms 配套措施 supporting measures 配套工程 auxiliary project 国内配套资金 domestic funds