环境科学与工程专业英语
9环境工程专业英语unit 14-15
' neiʃən] 脱盐〔作用〕，去盐〔作用〕 saline[' seili:n] ①〔含〕盐的；②盐水 salinity[sə ' linəti] n.盐分，盐度；盐浓度；盐份
Background Introduction
Physical 物理方法
Sedimentation(Clarification) 沉淀 Flotation and Skimming Screening 浮选 格栅 Degasification Aeration 脱气 曝气 Equalization Filtration 均和 过滤
Dissolved N, P inorganic
microorganisms
Primary water treatment
Primary treatment: Remove solids by screening and settling
The sewage is passed through a screen to
added to the sewage effluent. Air or oxygen is vigorously bubbled through pipes into the effluent. The aerobic bacteria digest the organic material and break it down into CO2 and water. The bacteria and any remaining undecomposed material are returned to the aeration tank and reused.
Primary treatment
环境科学与工程专业英语第四版翻译答案
环境科学与工程专业英语第四版翻译答案单项选择（每小题2分，共30道题）1. She refused to ___ the door key to the landlady until she got back her deposit. [单选题] *A. hand inB.hand outC.hand downD.hand over(正确答案)2. I've never been to Lhasa, but that's the city___. [单选题] *A.I'd most like to visit(正确答案)B. where I like to visit?C. which I like to visit mostlyD. I'd like much to visit3. He ___ unwisely, but he was at least trying to do something helpful. [单选题] *A. may have acted(正确答案)B. must have actedC. should actD. would act4. The government____ to approve the use of wide-spead surveillance when the Justice Department took objections. [单选题] *A. is goingB. had beenC. was about(正确答案)D. is coming5. Although ____ Spanish, he attended the course. [单选题] *A. he was knowingB. he is knowingC. having a knowledge of(正确答案)D. knows6. Mr. and Mrs. Smith are so excited today, for they bought____ yesterday. [单选题] *A. many furnituresB. so much furnitureC. many piece of furnitureD. a lot of furniture(正确答案)7. Despite their good service provided, most inns are less expensive than hotelsof____standards. [单选题] *A. equivalent(正确答案)B. likelyC. alikeD. uniform8. The back garden of our house contains a lawn, ____ very pleasant to sit on in summer. [单选题] *A. which is(正确答案)B. which it isC. it isD. where it is9. If you have really been studying English for so long. It's about time you ___ able to write letters in English. [单选题] *A. should beB. were(正确答案)C. must beD . are10. He's ___ as a “bellyacher”—— he's always complaining about some thing. [单选题] *A. who is knownB. whom is knownC. what is known(正确答案)D. which is known11. way（）. [单选题] *A.路，道路；方法，方式；方面(正确答案)B.高速公路C.快速干道，高速公路D.传送，运送；传达，表达12. expressway（） [单选题] *A.路，道路；方法，方式；方面B.高速公路C.快速干道，高速公路(正确答案)D.传送，运送；传达，表达13. freeway（） [单选题] *A.路，道路；方法，方式；方面B.高速公路(正确答案)C.快速干道，高速公路D.传送，运送；传达，表达14. convey（） [单选题] *A.交通工具，车辆；传播媒介，工具，手段B.显然的，明显的C.先前的，以前的D.传送，运送；传达，表达(正确答案)15. vehicle（） [单选题] *A.交通工具，车辆；传播媒介，工具，手段(正确答案)B.显然的，明显的C.先前的，以前的D.传送，运送；传达，表达16. obvious（） [单选题] *A.经由，经过，通过；凭借，通过…传递…，借助于B.显然的，明显的(正确答案)C.先前的，以前的D.传送，运送；传达，表达17. previous（） [单选题] *A.经由，经过，通过；凭借，通过…传递…，借助于B.显然的，明显的C.先前的，以前的(正确答案)D.传送，运送；传达，表达18. via（） [单选题] *A.经由，经过，通过；凭借，通过…传递…，借助于(正确答案)B.显然的，明显的C.先前的，以前的D.传送，运送；传达，表达19. want（） [单选题] *A.突然不见，消失；绝迹，不复存在B.想要；需要；缺乏(正确答案)C.假期；度假D.徒劳的，无效的；自负的，自视过高的20. vanish（） [单选题] *A.突然不见，消失；绝迹，不复存在(正确答案)B.想要；需要；缺乏C.假期；度假D.徒劳的，无效的；自负的，自视过高的21. vain（） [单选题] *A.突然不见，消失；绝迹，不复存在B.想要；需要；缺乏C.假期；度假D.徒劳的，无效的；自负的，自视过高的(正确答案)22. vacation（） [单选题] *A.突然不见，消失；绝迹，不复存在B.想要；需要；缺乏C.假期；度假(正确答案)D.徒劳的，无效的；自负的，自视过高的23. vacant（） [单选题] *A.突然不见，消失；绝迹，不复存在B.未被占用的，空着的；空缺的；空虚的(正确答案)C.真空；真空吸尘器；用真空吸尘器清扫D.徒劳的，无效的；自负的，自视过高的24. vacuum（） [单选题] *A.突然不见，消失；绝迹，不复存在B.未被占用的，空着的；空缺的；空虚的C.真空；真空吸尘器；用真空吸尘器清扫(正确答案)D.徒劳的，无效的；自负的，自视过高的25. win（） [单选题] *A.获胜，赢(正确答案)B.宣判…有罪；囚犯C.说服，劝服；使确信，使信服D.胜利26. convince（） [单选题] *A.获胜，赢B.宣判…有罪；囚犯C.说服，劝服；使确信，使信服(正确答案)D.胜利27. victory（） [单选题] *A.获胜，赢B.宣判…有罪；囚犯C.说服，劝服；使确信，使信服D.胜利(正确答案)28. convict（） [单选题] *A.获胜，赢B.宣判…有罪；囚犯(正确答案)C.说服，劝服；使确信，使信服D.胜利29. conviction（） [单选题] *A.确信，坚定的信仰；坚信，信服；定罪，判罪(正确答案)B.宣判…有罪；囚犯C.牺牲品，受害者D.胜利30. victim（） [单选题] *A.确信，坚定的信仰；坚信，信服；定罪，判罪B.宣判…有罪；囚犯C.牺牲品，受害者(正确答案)D.胜利阅读理解一：In the classic marriage vow（誓约）, couples promise to stay together in sickness and in health. But a new study finds that the risk of divorce among older couples rises when the wife-not the husband—becomes seriously ill.“Married women diagnosed with a serious health condition may find themselves struggling with the impact of their disease while also experiencing the stress of divorce,”said researcher Amelia Karraker.Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham analyzed 20 years of data on 2,717 marriages from a study conducted by Indiana University since 1992. At the time of the first interview, at least one of the partners was over the age of 50.The researchers examined how the onset（发生）of four serious physical illnesses affected marriages. They found that, overall, 31% of marriages ended in divorce over theperiod studied. The incidence of new chronic（慢性的）illness onset increased over time as well, with more husbands than wives developing serious health problems.“We found that women are doubly vulnerable to marital break-up in the face of illness,”Karraker said. “They’re more likely to be widowed, and if they’re the ones who become ill, they’re more likely to get divorced.”While the study didn’t assess why divorce in more likely when wives but not husbands become seriously ill, Karraker offers a few possible reasons. “Gender norms and social expectations about caregiving many make it more difficult for men to provide care to sick spouses,” Karraker said. “And because of the imbalance in marriage markets, especially in older ages, divorced men have more choices among prospective partners than divorced women.”Given the increasing concern about health care costs for the aging population, Karraker believes policymakers should be aware of the relationship between disease and risk of divorce.“Offering support services to spouses caring for their other halves may reduce marital stress and prevent divorce at older ages,” she said. “But it’s also important to recognize that the pressure to divorce may be health-related and that sick ex-wives may need additional care and services to prevent worsening health and increased health costs.”31. What can we learn about marriage vows from the passage? [单选题] *A) They may not guarantee a lasting marriage.(正确答案)B) They are as binding as they used to be.C) They are not taken seriously any more.D) They may help couples tide over hard times.32. What did Karraker and co-author Kenzie Latham find about elderly husbands? [单选题] *A) They are generally not good at taking care of themselves.B) They can become increasingly vulnerable to serious illnesses.C) They can develop different kinds of illnesses just like their wives.D) They are more likely to contract serious illnesses than their wives.(正确答案)33. What does Karraker say about women who fall ill? [单选题] *A) They are more likely to be widowed.B) They are more likely to get divorced.(正确答案)C) They are less likely to receive good care.D) They are less likely to bother their spouses.34. Why is it more difficult for men to take care of their sick spouses according to Karraker? [单选题] *A) They are more accustomed to receiving care.(正确答案)B) They find it more important to make money for the family.C) They think it more urgent to fulfill their social obligations.D) They expect society to do more of the job.35. What does Karraker think is also important? [单选题] *A) Reducing marital stress on wives.B) Stabilizing old couples’s relations.C) Providing extra care for divorced women.(正确答案)D) Making men pay for their wives’ health costs.阅读理解二：If you were like most children, you probably got upset when your mother called you by a sibling’s(兄弟姐妹的)name. How could she not know you? Did it mean she loved youless?The study, published online in April in the journal Memory and Cognition,found that the “wrong” name is not random but is invariably fished out from the same relationship pond: children, siblings, friends. The study did not examine the possibility of deep psychological significance to the mistake, says psychologist David Rubin, “but it doestell us who’s in and who’s out of the group.”The study also found that within that group, misnamings occurred where the names shared initial or internal sounds, like Jimmy and Joanie or John and Bob. Physical resemblance between people was not a factor. Nor was gender.The researchers conducted five separate surveys of more than 1,700 people. Some of the surveys included only college students; others were done with a mixed-age population. Some asked subjects about incidents where someone close to them—family or friend—had called them by another person’s name. The other surveys asked about times when subjects had themselves called someone close to them by the wrong name. All the surveys found that people mixed up names within relationship groups such as grandchildren, friends and siblings but hardly ever crossed these boundaries.In general, the study found that undergraduates were almost as likely as old people to make this mistake and men as likely as women. Older people and women made the mistake slightly more often, but that may be because grandparents have more grandchildren to mix up than parents have children. Also, mothers may call on their children more often than fathers, given traditional gender norms. There was no evidence that errors occurred more when the misnamer was frustrated, tired or angry.36. How might people often feel when they were misnamed? [单选题] *A)Unwanted.B)Unhappy.(正确答案)C)Confused.D)Indifferent.37. What did David Rubin’s research find about misnaming? [单选题] *A)It is related to the way our memories work.(正确答案)B)It is a possible indicator of a faulty memory.C)It occurs mostly between kids and their friends.D)It often causes misunderstandings among people.38. What is most likely the cause of misnaming? [单选题] *A) Similar personality traits.B) Similar spellings of names.C) Similar physical appearance.D) Similar pronunciation of names.(正确答案)39. What did the surveys of more than 1,700 subjects find about misnaming? [单选题] *A) It more often than not hurts relationships.B) It hardly occurs across gender boundaries.C) It is most frequently found in extended families.D) It most often occurs within a relationship groups.(正确答案)40. Why do mothers misname their children more often than fathers? [单选题] *A) They suffer more frustrations.B) They become worn out more often.C) They communicate more with their children.(正确答案)D) They generally take on more work at home.。
4 环境科学与工程专业英语第一章 unit2
在理解和控制人类活动和自然界复杂的相互作用上所需的科学 知识的巨大差异
Many environmental problems which could be eliminated or
污染可以定义为空气、水和陆地的物理、化学或生物性能被迫
发生改变，对人类或其他生命机体的健康、生存和活动造成了 有害影响。
Pollution：污染 Pollutant: 污染物质 Contamination: 污染，污染物 The act or process of contaminating. The state of being contaminated. One that contaminates.
环境：是指我们周围的物理和生物环境，我们可以看到， 听到，触到，闻到和感受到这些事物。
Practice：Environment can be defined as: (1) the circumstance or conditions that surround an organism or group of organisms, or (2) the complex of social or cultural conditions that affect an individual or community.
环境也可以定义为(1) 一个生物个体或生物群体周围的状况或条件； （natural environment） （2）影响个体或群体的复杂的社会或文化条件。 （ bulit environment）
一级学科___环境科学与工程___ 英文名称 Environmental Science
中国海洋大学研究生培养方案（报表）一级学科名称环境科学与工程二级学科名称环境科学、环境工程、环境规划与管理二级学科代码083001、083002、083020培养方案负责人高会旺联系电话66782977电子邮件hwgao@分管院长签字：院（系）盖章填表日期：2007 年7 月30日一级学科：____环境科学与工程_____________英文名称： Environmental Science and Engineering代码：____08300________________一、学科简介环境科学与工程学院设有环境科学与工程博士和硕士学位授予权一级学科，涵盖环境科学、环境工程、环境规划与管理三个博士点，环境科学、环境工程、环境规划与管理三个硕士点。
设有环境工程工程硕士点和管理工程硕士点。
设有环境科学与工程博士后流动站。
环境科学和环境工程两个二级学科均为山东省重点学科。
环境科学是国家重点学科，山东省“十五”和“十一五”强化建设的重点学科。
持有国家环境评价甲级证书。
海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室是学院科学研究和人才培养的重要支撑。
本学科点现有教学科研人员68人（包括外聘12人），其中博士生导师2 2人（包括校外博导10人），教授33人（包括外聘12人），副教授16人，另有中国科学院院士1人，中国工程院双聘院士2人，“长江学者讲座教授”2人。
教学科研人员中81％具有博士学位，高级职称人员中70%具有国外留学或访问经历，45岁以下学术带头人及学术骨干占教师总数的70%，形成了以“长江学者讲座教授”、新世纪优秀人才、“973”课题、国家基金重大和重点项目负责人为学术带头人的学缘结构和年龄合理的学术团队。
经过“211工程”和“985工程”建设，本学科点和教育部重点实验室现有大型仪器设备总价值达2000余万元，形成了功能完备的海洋环境现场观测、室内分析测试和数值计算等研究和人才培养平台。
实验室总面积约4000m2。
环境科学与工程专业英语词汇汇总
《环境科学专业英语》专业词汇unit 1：1. 环境科学与工程environmental engineering and science；2. 排污权交易pollution discharge right trade；3. 修复技术restoration technique；4. 臭氧消耗物质ozone consumption material；5. 地下水subsurface water；6. 人口增长population growth；7. 卫生设施与基础设施health facilities and infrastructure；8. 环境健康风险environmental health risk；9. IPCC政府间气候变化专门委员会Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change；10. CFCs 氯氟烃chlorofluorocarbon；11. 安全的饮用水safe drinking water；12. 温室气体greenhouse gas；13. 酸雨acid rain；14. 城市化urbanization；15. 工业废弃地derelict industrial land；16. 臭氧层chemosphere；17. 全球大气污染the global air pollution；18. 全球变暖的趋势the trend of global warming；19. 污染物的传输contaminant transport；20. 污染预防pollution preventionunit 4：1. 完整性和可持续性integrity and sustainability；2. 退化与受损的生态系统the ecosystem has been degraded and damaged；3. 生态系统的结构、组成和功能the ecosystem’s structure,composition and functioning；4. 恢复原始的景观recover its predisturbance state；5. 文化信仰与习俗cultural beliefs and customs；6. indigenous species本土物种；7. opportunist species优势种；8. 自然作用the function of nature；9. 火山爆发volcanic eruption；10. 历史轨迹historic trajectory；11. 基础的生态学数据baseline ecological data；12. 预测模型predictive models；13. 外来入侵物种alien invasive species；14. 生态修复Ecological Restoration；15. 恢复生态学Restoration Ecology；16. 全球变化global changing； 17. 监控方法the monitoring function；18. 在干扰之前in predisturbance；19. 根据…制图be charted from；20. 集体的决定collective decisionUnit 7:1、案头研究与野外调查相结合的办法A combined method of desk study and field study2、法定限值 statutory threshold value；3、地图、表格、曲线与照片的利用 The use of maps,graphs/charts,tables and photographs；4、环境影响评价法The law of Environmental impact assessment；5、影响预测impact prediction；6、减缓措施 mitigation measures；7、背景研究 baseline studies；8、环境要素与环境受体environmental components and environmental receptors9、项目说明书 project specification；10、累积影响cumulative impacts；11、环境影响报告书Environmental Impact Statement；12、ERA Environmental risk assessment；13、residual impacts潜在的影响；14、项目施工期constrution phase；15、可替代的生产技术的选择 Selection of alternative production techniques；16、定性分析与定量分析相结合Combine of qualitative assessment and quantitative assessment；17、基础方案base case 18、监控程序monitoring procedures；19、流程图分析 flow chart analysis；20、事件树分析event tree analysis；Unit 12:1. 城市污水的处理深度；treatment levels of municipal sewage；2. 排放许可 pischarge permits；3. 单元操作；unit oprations；4. 单元过程；unit process；5. 污水预处理；preliminary tereatment of sewage；6. 污水一级处理； primary treatment of sewage；7. 污水二级处理；secondary treatment of sewage；8. 污水三级处理；tertizry treatment of sewage；9. 污水高级处理；advanced treatment of sweage；10. 生物营养物去除；biological nutrient removal；11. 氮和磷；nitrogen and phosphorus；12. BOD；biological oxygen demand；13. TSS total suspended solids； 14. 污水消毒；sweage disinfection；15. VOC volation organic compound挥发性有机物；16. 紫外线消毒；UV radiation disinfection；17. 下水道溢流；sewer verflow；18. 大肠菌； colliform bacteria；19. 回流return flow； 20. 过滤filtration； 21. 城市污水处理厂municipal sewage plants； 22. 市政工程municipal engineering；23. 生物处理系统biological treatment systems；24. 有机物organic matter；25. 工程决断engineering judgement； 26. 当地法规local regulations； 27. 沉降作用sedimentation；28. 可沉淀的颗粒物settleable particles； 29.反渗透reverse osmosis； 30. 膜生物反应器membrane bioreactors； 31. 涡流分流器vortex separators；32. 污水净化sewage clarification； 33. 超滤ultrafiltration； 34.出水水质water quality of effluent；35. 富营养化nutrientenrichment/eutrophication；36. 点源污染point source pollution； 37. 面源污染（非点源污染）nonpoint source pollution； 38.老化的基础设施aging infrastructure； 39. 紫外灯UV lamp； 40. 土地处理过程land treatment process。
环境科学与工程专业英语第四版-练习答案-(1)
环境科学与工程专业英语第四版,练习答案1.We all wondered（）Tom broke up with his girlfriend.[单选题] *A.thatB.whatC.whoD.why(正确答案)2.Both Mary and Linda don't care for fish.[单选题] *A.喜欢(正确答案)B.关心C.照料D.在乎3.Can you _______ this form? [单选题] *A.fillB.fill in(正确答案)C.fill toD.fill with4.—What can I do for you? —I ______ a pair of new shoes.（）[单选题] *A.likeB.would lookC.would like(正确答案)D.take5. There is not much news in today's paper,_____? [单选题] *A.is itB.isn't itC.isn't thereD.is there(正确答案)6. My watch usually _______ good time, but today it is five minutes fast.[单选题] *A.goesB.makesC.keeps(正确答案)D.gains7、—Could you please make the bed?—______.（）[单选题] *A.Yes, I wasB.No, I don’tC.Sure, I’ll do it(正确答案)D.No, that’s no problem8、Tony wants _______ a job as a language teacher in China.[单选题] *A.findB.findingC.to find(正确答案)D.to be found9、Don’t ______.He is OK.[单选题] *A.worriedB.worry(正确答案)C.worried aboutD.worry about10、Your homework must_______ tomorrow.[单选题] *A.hand inB.is handed inC.hands inD.be handed in(正确答案)11.Miss Smith is a friend of _____.[单选题] *A.Jack’s sister’s(正确答案)B.Jack’s sisterC.Jack sister’sD.Jack sister12. Comparatively speaking, of the three civil servants, the girl with long hair is _____.[单选题] *A.more helpfulB.extremely helpfulC.very helpfulD.the most helpful(正确答案)13.3. Shanghai is my hometown.It’s ________ China.[单选题] *A. nearB. far away fromC. to the east ofD. in the east of(正确答案)14.—Can you play tennis?—______.But I can play basketball.（）[单选题] *A.Yes, I canB.Yes, I doC.No.I can’t(正确答案)D.No, I don’t15.There are many beautiful _______ in the wardrobe.[单选题] *A.bookB.dresses(正确答案)C.cell phoneD.grocery16.( ).The old man enjoys ______ stamps.And now he has1300 of them [单选题] *A.collectB.collectedC.collecting(正确答案)D.to collect17、—What can I do to help at the old people’s home?—You ______ read stories to the old people.（）[单选题] *A.could(正确答案)B.mustC.shouldD.would18、I am worried about my brother.I am not sure _____ he has arrived at the school or not.[单选题] *A.whether(正确答案)B.whatC.whenD.how19、--Jenny, what’s your favorite _______?--I like potatoes best.[单选题] *A.fruitB.vegetable(正确答案)C.drinkD.meat20、The three guests come from different _______.[单选题] *A.countryB.countrysC.countryesD.countries(正确答案)21.There _______ no water or milk in the fridge.[单选题] *A.is(正确答案)B.areC.hasD.have22.I _______ no idea of where the zoo is.[单选题] *A.thinkB.getC.have(正确答案)D.take23.--What would you like to say to your _______ before leaving school?--I’d like to say"Thank you very much!" [单选题] *A.workersB.nursesC.waitersD.teachers(正确答案)24.( ).I’m _____ in that ______ film [单选题] *A.interesting interestedB.interested interesting(正确答案)C.interested interestedD.interesting interesting25. While I _____ the morning paper, a headline caught my eye..[单选题] *A.have readB.was reading(正确答案)C.had readD.am reading26.I knocked on the door but _______ answered.[单选题] *A.somebodyB.anybodyC.nobody(正确答案)D.everybody27、Researchers have spent five years collecting data（）the study is based.[单选题] *A.on thatB.in whichC.in thatD.on which(正确答案)28、Henry lives happily with his three cats._______ of them are part of his family.[单选题] *A.NoneB.BothC.All(正确答案)D.Neither29、Nowadays schools should care for the full _______ of a student’s talents.[单选题] *A.satisfactionB.development(正确答案)municationD.preparation30、Tom’s mother will let him _______ traveling if he comes back?in five days.[单选题] *A.to goB.goesC.wentD.go(正确答案)。
环境专业英语
环境：environment环境工程：environmentalengineering环境保护：environmentalprotection环境意识：environmentalconsciousness/awareness 环境问题：environmentalissue/problem环境效应：environmentaleffect环境污染：environmentalpollution环境要素：environmentalelements环境因子：environmentalfactors环境化学：environmentalchemistry环境生态学：environmentalecology环境质量：environmentalquality环境自净作用：environmentalself-purification/self-cleansing水环境：watershed水体：waterbody 流域：watershed水质：waterquality 水资源：waterresources供水：watersupply废水：wastewater 水处理：watertreatment物理性水质指标：physicalindicateofwaterquality水污染物：waterpollutant生物性水质指标：biologicalwater-qualityindex水质标准：waterqualitystandard化学性水质指标：chemicalwater-qualityindex物理处理：physicaltreatment过滤：screening生物处理：biologicaltreatment沉淀：sedimentation化学处理：chemicaltreatment气浮：flotation物理化学处理：physical-chemicaltreatment蒸发：evaporation稀释：dilution 扩散：dispersion吹脱：stripping好氧处理：aerobictreatment生物膜法：bio-membraneprocess厌氧处理：anaerobictreatment生物滤池：tricklingfilters活性污泥法：activatedsludgeprocess生物接触氧化：biologicalcontactSBR：苯乙烯-丁二烯StyreneButadieneRubberUASB流式厌氧污泥床：Upflowanaerobicsludgeblanket活性污泥：activatedsludge改进型：modification一级处理：primarytreatment二级处理：secondarytreatment三级处理：tertiarytreatment高级氧化处理：advancedtreatment生活污水：domesticwastewater 生产废水：industrialwastewater城市生活污水：municipalwastewater 电镀废水：metalplatingplants印染废水：pulpandpaperindustrieswastewater浊度：turbidity硬度：hardness水质净化：waterqualitypurifies混凝沉淀：coagulateflocculatingagent活性炭吸附：activatedcarbonadsorption隔油池：oilseparationtank中和池：neutralizationtank 调节池：adjustingtank 生物反应池：biologicalreactor 加药设备：physicalequipment沉淀池：sedimentationtank 初沉池：primarysedimentationtank二沉池：secondarysedimentationtank 絮凝剂：flocculant混凝剂：coagulateflocculant 生物降解：biodegradation生物累积：bioaccumulation 飘尘：floatingdust可吸入颗粒物：inhalableparticles能见度：visibility酸雨：acidrain一次污染物：primarypollutant二次污染物：secondarypollutant氮氧化物：nitrogenoxides硫氧化物：sulfuroxides硫化氢：hydrogensulfide碳氧化物：carbonoxides 硝酸：nitricacid盐酸：hydrochloricacid 硫酸：sulfuricacid二氧化硫：sulfurdioxide除尘工艺：Dustremoval 吸收：absorption吸附：adsorption静电除尘：electricdustprecipitation重力除尘：gravitationalsettling 臭氧：ozone 光化学烟雾：photochemicalsmoke喷淋洗涤：scavenging土壤：soil热污染：temperaturechange/thermalpollution 噪声：noise放射性：radioactivity EIA：environmentalimpactassessmentCAD计算机辅助设计：computeraideddesign 大气污染控制工程：airpollutioncontrol水污染控制工程：waterpollutioncontrol 固体废物污染控制工程：solidwastemanagement污染源：pollutionsource 同化作用：assimilation固体废物：solidwastes危险废物：hazardouswastes 化学污泥chemicalsludge生物污泥：biologicalsludge工业固废：industrialwastes分选处理：separationtreatment 矿业固废：minesolidwastes 破碎处理：processing 农业固废：agriculturesolidwastes 压实处理：reductioninvolume 污泥脱水：disposalofthesludge污泥浓缩：sludgethickening 带式压滤：Beltfilterpress离心脱水：centrifugaldewatering 筛分：screening 沼气和沼气化：biogas堆肥和堆肥化：compostandcomposting 生物转化作用：biotransformation热解与焚烧：pyrolysisandincineration 热化学转化作用：thermo-chemical固化和稳定化作用：solidificationand stabilization资源化：resource减量化：pollutioncontrol无害化：harmlessness 物质转化：materialconversion固体废物全过程控制：solidwasteintegratedcontrol固体废物污染控制：solidwasterpollution 处置：disposal物质回收：materialsrecovery control固体废物处理：processingandrecovery能量回收：energyrecovery能量转化：energyconversionenvironmentalscience环境科学environmentalengineering环境工程wastereduction废物减量化airpollutioncontrol大气污染控制wastewatertreatment污水处理solidwastetreatmentanddisposal固体废物处理与处置soilerosion水土流失thermalpollution热污染biologicalcommunities生物群落ecosystem生态系统greenscienceandtechnology绿色科技和技术primarypollutant:一次污染物secondarypollutant:二次污染物carbondioxide:二氧化碳methane:甲烷fossilfuel:化石矿物燃料powerplant:电厂hydroelectricpower:水力发电cleanenergy:清洁能源renewableenergy:可再生能源automobileexhaustemission:汽车尾气greenhouseeffectgas:温室效应气体airpollutioncontrolengineering:大气污染控制工程cyclone:旋风除尘器pressuredrop:压力损失,压力降baghouse:袋式除尘器operatingtemperature:操作温度spraytower:喷淋塔sanitarylandfill:卫生填埋municipalwastewater=sewage=domesticsewage=sanitarysewage:市政污水,生活污水pointsource:点源non-pointsource:非点源面源pretreatment:预处理primarytreatment:初一级处理secondarytreatment:二级处理tertiaryoradvancedtreatment:三级处理,深度处理tricklingfilter:滴滤池activatedsludge:活性污泥barrackorscreen:格栅gritchamber:沉砂池equalizationtank:调节池primarysettlingtank:初沉池secondarysettlingtank:二沉池sustainabledevelopment:可持续发展recyclingeconomy:循环经济thesourcesandsinksofpollutants:污染物的源与汇aerationtank:曝气池aerator:曝气池,曝气器sedimentationtank:沉淀池disinfection:消毒eutrophication:富营养化oxidationditch:氧化沟aerobicdecomposition好氧分解anoxicdecomposition缺氧分解anaerobicdecomposition厌氧分解hydraulicretentiontime:水力停留时间fluegas:烟气biodegradable:可生物降解的refractory:难降解的常用nondegradable:不可降解的acousticalmaterial:声学材料soilconditioner:土壤改良剂extremetemperature:极端温度environmentalquality:环境质量EnvironmentalQualityStandardsforSurfaceWater地表水环境质量标准AmbientAirQualityStandards环境空气质量标准EnvironmentalQualityStandardsforNoise声环境质量标准缩略词：EIA:EnvironmentalImpactAssessment,环境影响评价SS：SuspendedSolid悬浮物BOD：BiochemicalOxygenDemand生化需氧量COD:ChemicalOxygenDemand化学需氧量TOC:TotalOrganicCarbon总有机碳WWTP:WastewaterTreatmentPlant污水处理厂SBR:SequencingBatchReactor序批式反应池RBC:RotatingBiologicalContactor生物转盘SRT:SludgeRetentionTime污泥龄污泥停留时间EPA:EnvironmentalProtectionAgency环境保护署ISO:InternationalStandardizationOrganization国际标准化组织EMS:EnvironmentalManagementSystem环境管理系统RS:RemoteSensing遥感GPS:GlobalPositioningSystem全球定位系统GIS:GeographicInformationSystem地理信息系统TSP:TotalSuspendedParticulates总悬浮颗粒物。
环境工程专业英语PPT教学课件
❖ Unit 17 Ion Exchange
❖ 离子交换
❖ 沉淀
2020/12/11
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PPT教学课件
谢谢观看
Thank You For Watching
2020/12/11
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Part 2 Atmospheric Chemistry and
Air Pollution & Control
❖ 单元8：大气污染物的种类与来源[I] ❖ 大气污染物的种类与来源[II] ❖ 单元9：室内空气质量 ❖ 气体和蒸气控制技术 ❖ 单元10：大气污染控制新技术[I] ❖ 大气污染控制新技术[II] ❖ 单元11：大气污染的影响 ❖ 氧化法控制大气污染
Communities ❖ Part 8 Environmental Sustainable Development and
Green Science and Technology
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❖ Part 4 Solid Wastes and Disposal ❖ 固体废物与处置
❖ Part 5 Other Pollution and Control Technologies
❖ 其他污染与控制技术
❖ Part 6 Environmental Management ❖ 环境管理
2020/12/11
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❖ Part 7 the Bioshpere: Ecosystem and Biological Communities
❖ 生物圈：生态系统和生物群落
❖ Part 8 Environmental Sustainable Development and Green Science and Technology
环境科学与工程-专业英语词汇必备
环境科学与工程专业词汇包括环境学总论、环境地学、环境生物学、环境化学、环境物理学、环境工程学、环境医学、环境经济学、环境管理学、环境法学、环境教育等11大类环境学总论原生环境primary environment 次生环境secondary environment 生态示区ecological dem on strate area 环境地质学environmental geology 环境地球化学environmen tal geo-chemistry 环境土壤学environmental soil scienee 环境微生物学environmental microbiology环境危机environmental crisis环境保护environmen tal protect ion 环境预测environmental forecasting 环境自净environmental self-purification 环境效应environmental effect 环境容量environmental capacity 环境演化evolution of environment 环境舒适度environmental comfort 环境背景值（本底值）environmental backgro und value环境保护产业（环保产业）environmental product ion in dustry环境壁垒（绿色壁垒）environmental barrier绿色革命green revolution 可持续发展susta in able developme nt第三类环境问题（社会环境问题）the third environmen tal problem 悬浮物suspended solids 一次污染物primary pollutant 二次污染物secondary pollutant 全球性污染global pollution 排污收费pollution charge 可更新资源renewable resources 不可更新资源non-renewable resources 自然保护区natural reserve area 防护林protect ion forest 公害public nuisanee 矿山公害mining nuisanee 工业废水in dustrial waste water 矿山废水mining drain age 生活饮用水domestic potable water 草原退化grassland degeneration 沙漠化desertification 人口压力population pressure 人口净增率rate of population 全球环境监测系统global environment mon itori ng system GEMS 中国环境保护工作针Chin ese policy for environment protect ion"三同时” 原贝U principle of “the three at the same time ”二噁英公害dioxine nuisanee 马斯河谷烟雾事件disaster in Meuse Valley多诺拉烟雾事件disaster in Donora 伦敦烟雾事件disaster in Lon don 水俣病事件minamata disease incident 骨痛病事件itai-itai disaster incident 洛杉矶光化学烟雾事件Los Angeles photochemical smog episode四日市哮喘事件Yokkaichi asthma episode米糠油事件Yusho disease incident水圈hydrosphere水循环water circulation环境地学地面水（地表水）surface water水位water level下渗（入渗）sinking蒸发evaporation最高水位highest water level最低水位lowest water level平均水位average water level 冲刷washout 含水层aquifer隔水层（不透水层）aquiclude透水层permeable stratum层间水in terlayer water承压水（有压层间水）confined water 或自流水artesian water隙水void water岩溶水（喀斯特水）karst water径流runoff flow地表径流run off地下水ground water流域保护water bas in protect ion淡水fresh water咸水saltwater降水precipitation 沉淀降水量amount of precipitation 降水强度intensity of precipitation 水环境容量carrying capacity of water environment水土流失（土壤侵蚀）soil and water loss点源污染point source pollution面源污染non-point source pollution扩散diffusion涡流eddy current涡流扩散eddy diffusion富营养化废水eutrophic waste-water污水sewage漫灌flood irritation水底沉积物（底质或底泥）benthal deposit 总固体total solids悬浮固体suspended solids总溶解固体total dissolved solids河流复氧常数constant of river reoxyge nati on湖泊酸化lake acidification富营养化eutrophication富营养湖eutrophic lake中营养湖mesotrophic lake警戒水位warning water level 流速flow velocity 流量discharge 洪水期flood season 枯水期low-water seas on 贫营养湖oligotrophic lake 水库reservoir 海洋处置sea disposal 海底采样sea floor sample 赤潮（红潮）red tide 海水淡化desalination of seawater 海底沉积物sea bottom sediment 海洋倾倒ocean dumping 水质water quality 水资源综合利用water resource in tegrated utilizati on水土保持soil and water conservation河道整治channel improvement水污染毒性生物评价biological assessme nt of water polluti on toxicity 水利工程hydro-engineering水体自净self-purification of water body水环境保护功能区（水质功能区）functional district of water environment土地处理系统land treatme nt system 土地沙漠化land desertification 土壤肥力soil fertility 土壤酸碱度soil acidity and alkalinity 土壤污染防治preve nti on and treatme nt of soil polluti on 土壤盐渍化（土壤盐碱化）soil sali nation土壤酸化soil acidification母质（土壤母质或成土母质）pare nt material土壤剖面soil profile腐殖质化humification淋溶作用leaching土壤改良soil improvement土壤粒级soil separate土壤质地soil texture缓冲作用buffering/buffer action 缓冲剂buffering agent/buffer 缓冲容量buffer capacity 盐基饱和度base saturation percentage灌溉irrigation富里酸fuvic acid敏素humin土壤团聚体soil aggregate土壤退化（土壤贫瘠化）soil degeneration 土壤地带性soil zonality污水灌溉wastewater irrigation臭氧层ozone layer 降水precipitation 降水量rain fall降水强度p recipitation intensity大气环境容量atmospheric environmen tal capacity事后评价afterwards assessment烟尘消除elimination of smoke and dust温室效应greenhouse effect大气扩散atmospheric diffusion烟羽（烟流或羽流）plume 逆温in vers ion环境生物学生境habitat耐受极限limits of toleranee 最小因子定律law of mi nimum 生物检测bioassay环境胁迫environmental stress 生物多样性bio-diversity 生态位niche 生命期life cycle 生态型ecotype 自养生物autotrophy 异养生物heterotroph 指数增长exponential growth 互禾U共生mutualism 偏利共生commensalisms寄生parasitism 衍生物derivative 杀虫剂insecticide 杀菌齐U fungicide 除草剂herbicide 防腐齐U preservative 杀鼠剂rodenticide 无残留农药non-persistent pesticide 植物性农药phytopesticide 污水灌溉sewage irrigation 世界自然历史遗产保护地world natural and historical heritage site 储量stock过度捕获over-hunting; over-fishing 猎（渔）期ope n seas on 农业残渣agricultural dregs 赤潮red tide藻花algae bloom/ 水花water bloom原生污染物primary pollutant 次生污染物secondary pollutant 急性毒性实验acute toxicity test 慢性毒性实验chron ic toxicity test 预备实验scree ning test; ran ge-fi nding test; preliminary test 稀释dilution 归宿fate 生物积累bioaccumulation 生物浓缩bioconcentration 生物放大biomagnification 生物降解biological degradation; biodegradati on 生物营养物质biotic n utrie nt 多污生物带polysaprobic zone 中污生物带mesosaprobic zone 寡污生物带oligosaprobic zone 敏感种sen sitive species;in tolera nt orga nism 耐污种tolerant species 生物滤池biological filter 净化塘/氧化塘/生物塘purification pond 生物膜biomembrane; biological film 轮作crop rotation 间作intercropping 套种interplanting 基塘模式farm land and fish pond model 防护林带shelter belt 沼气marsh gas 农家肥farm manure 堆月肥piled manure城市热岛效应urba n heat isla nd effect chemicals; en docri ne disruptors城市生态规划urban ecological 边缘效应edge effectpla nning 生态恢复ecological restoration环境激素en docri ne disrupti ng 恢复生态学restoration ecological环境化学甲基汞methyl mercury potential ；redox potential镉米cadmium rice 溶解氧dissolved oxygen农药残留pesticide residue 化学需氧量chemical oxyge n dema nd有机氯农药organochlorine pesticide 生化需氧量biochemical oxygen 有机磷农药organophosphorous dema ndpesticide 总有机碳total organic carb on氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂carbamate 溶解度solubilityin secticide 聚集aggregation拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂pyrethroid in secticide 絮凝flocculation植物生长调节剂growth regulator 凝聚coagulation化学致癌物chemical carci nogen 离子交换ion exchange表面活性剂surfactant 萃取extraction多氯联苯类polychlori nated 缓冲溶液buffer solutionbiphe nyls;PCBs 氧平衡模式（氧垂曲线）oxygen bala nee 多环芳烃类polyaromtic hydrocarb on; modelPAH 吸收剂（吸附剂）absorbent催化（催化作用）catalysis 活性炭active carb on臭氧化ozonization 氧化剂oxidant光化学氧化剂photochemical oxida nt 还原剂reductant过氧乙酰硝酸酯peroxyacetyl nitrate ；胶团micellePAN 胶体溶液colloidal solution干沉降dry deposition 脱硫剂desulfurizati on age nt湿沉降wet deposition 电渗析electrodialysis光化学烟雾photochemical smog 萃取剂extract ing age nt大气光化学atmospheric 过滤filterphotochemistry 絮凝剂floccula nt ；flocculati ng age nt降水化学precipitation chemistry 无机絮凝剂inorganic flocculant气溶胶化学aerosol chemistry 有机高分子絮凝剂organic polymer 悬浮颗粒物suspended particulate floccula nt总悬浮颗粒物total suspended 中和法neutralizationparticulates(TSP) 反渗透膜reverse osmosis membrane飘尘（可吸入颗粒物或可吸入尘）airborne 硅胶silica gelparticle 蒸汽蒸馏steam distillation降尘(落尘)dustfall ；falling dust 超滤膜ultrafilter membrane气溶胶aerosol 灵敏度sensitivity水质water quality 准确度accuracy盐度salinity 精密度precision氧化还原电位oxidati on-reduct ion 可靠性reliability检测限detection limit 相对误差relative error 绝对误差absolute error 偶然误差accidental error 平均偏差mean deviation 采样误差sampling error 标准溶液standard solution 标准物质standard substanee 允误差allowable error 允浓度allowable concentration 微量分析microanalysis 痕量分析trace analysis 现场分析in-situ analysis 仪器分析instrumental analysis 水质分析water quality analysis 比色分析colorimetric analysis 沉降分析sedimentation analysis 自动分析automatic analysis原子吸收分光光度法atomic absorption spectrophotometry原子吸收分光光度计atomic absorption spectrophotometer原子荧光光谱法atomic fluoresce nee spectrometry原子荧光光谱仪atomic fluoresce nee spectrometer电化学分析法electrochemical method 高效液相色谱法high performa nee liquid chromatography高效液相色谱仪high performa nee liquid chromatograph气相色谱分析gas chromatography 气相色谱仪gas chromatograph 采样器sampler 大气采样器air sampler 底泥采样器sediment sampler pH 计pH meter湿度计hygrometer固定大气污染源stationary sources of air pollutio n移动大气污染源mobile sources of air pollutio n固定式水污染源stationary sources of water polluti on移动式水污染源mobile sources of water pollutio n污染负荷pollution load污染源调查survey of pollution sources 无污染工艺polluti on-free tech no logy 无污染装置polluti on-free in stallati on污染物总量控制total amou nt con trol of pollutio n 水质参数water quality parameter水温water temperature色度color index透明度transparency 混浊度turbidity 硬度hardness 感官污染指标sen suous polluti on in dex 毒理学污染指标physical polluti on in dex 化学污染指标chemical polluti on in dex 细菌学污染指标bacteriological polluti on in dex毒理学污染指标toxicological pollutionin dex城市污水municipal sewage生活污水domestic sewage工业废水in dustrial wastewater常规分析指标index of routine analysis环境监测environmental monitoring过程监测course monitoring污染物排放标准pollution discharge sta ndard 总量排放标准total amount of pollution discharge sta ndard优先监测priority monitoring环境优先污染物environmen tal priority polluta nt总固体total solids可吸入微粒（可吸入尘和飘尘）in hale particles浊度计turbidimeter实验室质量控制laboratory quality conrol空白实验值blank value平行样duplicate samples再现性（重现性［reproducibility重复性repeatability回收率recovery rate 检出限detection limit 冷原子吸收法cold-vapor atomic absorptio n method紫外吸收光谱法ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry重量分析gravimetric analysis 标法internal marker method 定性分析qualitative analysis 定量分析quantitive analysis 试样前处理pre-treatment 均值mean value 标准差standard error 差variatio n回归分析regression analysis 相关分析correlation analysis 相关系数correlation coefficient 系统误差systematic error 随机误差random error 有效数字valid figure 农药残留分析pesticide residue an alysis 排污收费effluent charge 室空气污染in door air polluti on 水体自净self-purification of water body 水土保持soil and water conservation 水土流失soil erosion 土壤修复soil-remediation 生物修复bioremediation 光降解photodegradation 温室气体greenhouse gases 总量收费total quantity charge 超临界流体supercritical fluid 土壤采样soil pollution环境物理学光辐射（光）visible radiation 红外线infrared ray 紫外线ultraviolet ray 灭菌灯bactericidal lamp 光污染light pollution 噪声污染noise pollution 混响reverberation 听力损失hearing loss 绝对湿度absolute humidity 相对湿度relative humidity 饱和度saturation ratio冷凝condensation露点温度dew point temperature 热辐射thermal radiati on比热specific heat 空气调节air conditioning 通风ventilation环境工程学环境污染综合防治in tegrated preve nti on and con trol of pollutio n环境功能区戈U environmental function zoning稀释比dilution ratio迁移transfer紊流扩散turbulent diffusion氧亏（亏氧量）oxygen deficit 复氧reaeration 溶解氧下垂曲线dissolved-oxyge n sag curve饱和溶解氧saturated dissolved无污染燃料pollution-free fuel燃烧combustion空气—燃料比air-to-fuel ratio 烟气分析analysis of flue gas 煤的综合利用comprehe nsive utilizati onof coal脱硫desulfurization除尘效率particle collection efficiency 分割粒径cut diameter for particles 压力损失（压力降）pressure drop 机械除尘器mechanical collector 重力沉降室gravity settling chamber 惯性除尘器inertial dust separator 旋风除尘器cyclone collector 回流式旋风除尘器reverse-flow cycl one collector 直流旋风除尘器straight-through cyclone collector多管旋风除尘器multiple cyclone collector气布比air-to-cloth ratio机械振动清灰袋式除尘器bag house with shake clea ning逆气流清灰袋式除尘器bag house withreverse-flow clea ning脉冲喷吹清灰袋式除尘器bag house with pulse-jet clea ning静电除尘electrostatic precipitator (ESP) 电晕放电corona discharge高压脉冲静电除尘器pulse chargi ng electrostatic precipitator湿式静电除尘器wet electrostatic precipitator 双区静电除尘器(两段式电除尘器) 重力喷雾洗涤器gravitational spray scrubber旋风洗涤器centrifugal scrubber中心喷雾旋风洗涤器向clone spray scrubber泡沫洗涤塔foam tower scrubber 填料床洗涤器packed bed scrubber 文丘里洗涤器ven turi scrubber 双膜理论two-film theory 气膜控制gas film control 液膜控制liquid film control 穿透曲线break through curve 催化剂catalyst催化剂中毒poisoning of catalyst 烟气脱硫flue gas desulfurization (FGD) 湿法脱硫wet process of FGD 灰一灰法脱硫desulfurization by lime and limesto ne氨吸收法脱硫ammonia process of FGD 干法脱硫dry process FGD吸收法控制氮氧化物absorptio ncon trol of NO x by 水吸收法脱氮control of NO x byabsorptio n process with water酸吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorpti on process with acid过滤除尘器filter袋式除尘器bag house滤料filtration media驱进速度drift velocity集尘极collecting electrode板间距distanee between collecting electrodes电极清灰removal of collected particle fromelectrodes宽间距静电除尘器wide space electrostatic precipitatortwo-stage electrostatic precipitator 湿式除尘器wet collector of particulates碱吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorpti on process with alkali吸附法控制氮氧化物con trol of NOx by adsorpti on分子筛吸附法脱氮control of NOx by adsorpti on process with molecular sieve硅胶吸附法脱氮control of NOx by adsorpti on process with silicagel 气体生物净化biotreatme nt of gaseous polluta nt生物过滤器biofilter汽车尾气污染pollution of automobile exhaust gal生物脱臭biotreatment of oder集气罩capture hood烟囱有效排放高度effective height of emmissio n清洁生产clea ner product ion矿山废水mining drain age电镀废水electroplating wastewater给水处理厂water treatment plant污水处理厂wastewater treatment给水(污水)处理构筑物water (sewage ) treatme nt structure污水集水井swage joining well 废水调节池wastewater flow equalizati on bas in 格栅grill 筛网grid screen 立式圆形沉砂池vertical circular grit settl ing tank圆形边运动沉砂池circular perimeter flowgrit settling tank重力排砂grit discharge by gravity 水力提升排砂grit discharge with hydraulic elevator水力旋流器hydraulic cyclone 沉淀池settling tank重力沉淀池gravity settling tank 浓缩式沉淀池thicke ning settli ng tank 竖流折板絮凝池vertical table flap flocculat ing tank 机械搅拌絮凝池mechanical mixing flocculat ing tank 加压溶气气浮法pressure dissolved-air floatati on 过滤池filter重力过滤法gravity filtration process 压力过滤法pressure filtration process 真空过滤法vacuum filtration process 快滤池rapid filtration 慢滤池slow filtration 接触滤池contact filter 双向滤池bidirectional filter 双层滤料滤池double layer filter 无阀滤池non-valve filter 虹吸滤池siphon filter 压力滤池pressure filter V 型滤池aquazur V-filter 砂滤sand filtration 微滤机microstrainer 滤池冲洗强度backwash ing inten sity of filter滤层filter material layer 滤料承托层holdinglayer for filtermaterial斜板隔油沉淀池oil trap with slope pla nk 冷去卩塔cooling tower湿式氧化法wet oxidation process沉砂池grit settling tank 曝气沉砂池aeration grit settling tank 平流式沉砂池horiz on tal grit settl ing tank斜板(斜管)沉淀池sloping pla nk(pipe)settli ng tank辐流式沉淀池radial settli ng tank 平流式沉淀池horiz ontal settli ng tank 竖流式沉淀池vertical settling tank 悬浮污泥澄清池suspendedsludge clarifier 脉冲澄清池pulse clarifier 水力循环澄清池hydraulic circulating clarifier颗粒自由沉降particle free sedime nt 絮凝沉降flocculation sedimentation 拥挤沉降hindered sedimentation 气浮池floatation basin 微电解法micro electroanalysis反应池reaction basin 叶轮搅拌器turbine mixer 膜分离法membrane separation method半渗透膜semi-permeable membrane 电渗析electrodialysis 反渗透reverse osmosis 离子交换膜ion exchange membrane 萃取extraction 汽提stripping 吹脱法blow-off method 臭氧氧化法ozonation 臭氧发生器ozonator磁分离法magnetic isolation method 光催化氧化optical catalysis oxidation 软化水处理softening water treatment 灰—纯碱软化法lime-sodiumcarb on atesofte ning method废水好氧/厌氧处理biological aerobic/a naerobictreatme nt of wastewater微生物源代microorganism intrinsic metabolism微生物合成代microorga nism syn thetic metabolism 基质分解代substrate degradation 剩余污泥surplus sludge 初次沉淀池primary sedimentation basin 完全混合曝气池completely mixed aeratio n bas in二次沉淀池secondary sedimentation basin污泥沉降比sludge settling ratio 污泥容积指数sludge velum in dex 污泥负荷volume loading 纯氧曝气法oxygen aeration method 扩散曝气设备diffusi on aerator 机械曝气装置mecha nical aerator 曝气时间aeration time 污泥龄sludge age 活性污泥培养activated sludge culture 活性污泥驯化domestication of activated sludge粉末炭活性炭法powdered carb on activated sludge process 污泥膨胀sludge bulking 生物滤池biological filter 高负荷生物滤池high-loadi ng biological filter水力负荷hydraulic loading 有机负荷organic loading 塔式生物滤池tower biological filer 生物转盘biological rotating disc 生物流化床biological fluidized bed 活性生物滤池activated biofilter 化粪池septic tank 污水硝化脱氮处理n itroge n removal from wastewater by n itrificati on 污水反硝化脱氮处理nitroge n removal from wastewater by den itrificati on 污水硝化一反硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by n itride nitrificati on土地处理系统land treatme nt system 氧化塘oxidation pond 好氧塘aerobic pond 兼性塘facultative pondmetabolism活性污泥法activated sludge process 回流污泥return sludge 曝气池aeration推流式曝气池plug-flow aeration basin 普通活性污泥法conven tio nal activated sludge process分段曝气法step aeration method延时曝气法extended aeration method 加速曝气法accelerant aeration method深井曝气法deep well aeration method 鼓风曝气装置blast aerator射流曝气设备efflux aerator表面曝气装置surface aerator厌氧塘an aerobic pond曝气氧化塘aerated oxidation pondICEAS in termitte nt cyclic exte nded aeration system 间歇循环延时曝气活性污泥法DAT-IAT 工艺dema nd aeration tankin termitte nt aerati on tank system(需氧池—间歇池)A1/O 工艺anoxic/ oxicA 2/O 工艺an aerobic oxicPhostrip 工艺phostriop process Bardenpho 工艺Bardenpho processPhoredox 工艺Phoredox processUCT 工艺university of cape townVIP 工艺Virginia initiative plant 厌氧生物滤池(AF)anaerobic filter 厌氧接触法an aerobic contact process 厌氧生物转盘an aerobicbiological rotati ng disc两相厌氧消化two-phase an aerobic digest序批式间歇反应器series batch reactor 氧化沟oxidation ditch上流式厌氧污泥床upflow an aerobic sludge bla nketMSBR modified seque ncing batch reactor消毒disinfection 灭菌sterilization加氯机chlorinator氯化消毒chlorizati on dis in fecti on 漂白粉消毒dis infection by bleach ing powder 紫外线消毒disinfection with ultravioletrays力口氯消毒dis infection by chlori ne 液氯liquified chlorine gas 需氯量chlori ne dema nd 余氯chlorine residual 游离性余氯free chlorine residual 化合性余氯combined chlorine residual 折点加氯chlorination breakpoint 过氧化氢消毒dis in fecti on by hydroge n peroxide 除味taste removal 除臭odor removal 脱色decoloration 生污泥undigested sludge 熟污泥digested sludge 污泥处置disposal of sludge 污泥综合利用comprehe nsive utilizati onof sludge 真空过滤法vacuum flotation process 污泥浓缩sludge thickening 污泥消化sludge digestion 污泥脱水sludge dewatering 污泥干化sludge drying 污泥焚烧sludge incineration 真空过滤机脱水dewatering by vacuum filter板框压滤机脱水dewatering by plateframe press filter辊轧式脱水机脱水dewatering by roll press带式压滤机脱水dewatering by belt press filter离心式脱水机脱水dewatering by cen trifuge中温消化处理middle temperature digestive treatme nt 高温消化处理hightemperature digestive treatme nt 污泥堆肥发酵处理sludgecompost ing and ferme ntatio n污泥浓缩池sludge thickener 污泥消化池sludge digestion tank 污泥产气率gas production rate ofsludge污泥干化场sludge drying bed 固体废物solid wastes城市生活垃圾municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾堆放处置法dumping of muni cipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾卫生填埋法sa nitaryIan dfilli ng of mun icipal solid wastes 城市生活垃圾焚烧法incin eration of muni cipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾分类sorting of municipalsolid wastes城市生活垃圾收集collection of muni cipal solid wastes 垃圾收费refuse taxing 废电池used battery有毒有害工业固体废物toxic in dustrial wastes医疗废物health care wastes堆月巴composting 填埋场Iandfill 渗滤液leachate treatment 焚烧炉incin eratio n furn aces 助燃空气系统air injectio n system 余热利用heat utilization 焚烧灰渣ash水泥固化技术ceme nt solidificati on灰固化lime solidification沥青固化技术asphalt solidificati on 固体废物预处理prelimi nary treatme nt of solid wastes破碎crushing of solid wastes 筛分screening of solid wastes 风力分选wind separation 放射性固体废物radioactive solid waste 声级计sound level meter 消声室an echoic room; an echoic chamber; dead room 混响室reverberation room 隔声sound insulation环境医学环境卫生学environmental hygiene 环境毒理学environmental toxicology 口蹄疫foot-and-mouth disease 流行病学epidemiology 地病endemic disease 氟斑牙dental fluorosis 职业病occupational disease 慢性毒性chronic toxicity 急性毒性acute toxicity 致癌物carcinogen 变异variatio n 病原体pathogen 抗体antibody 抗原antigen 突变mutation 病毒virus 蓄积器官storage organ 致突变作用mutage nesis 致畸作用teratogenesis致癌作用carcinogensis 摄入量in take dose 吸收量absorbed dose 卫生标准health standard 最高容浓度maximum permissible concen trati on 致死量lethal dose 半致死浓度media n lethal concen trati on(LD 50)剂量—反应关系dose-response relati on ship恶臭offensive odor 协同作用synergism 拮抗作用antagonism 因果关系cause-effect relationship 相关关系correlation 阈限值threshold limit value(TLV) 高危人群population at high risk 易感人群susceptible populatio环境管理学环境管理学environmen tal man ageme nt scie nee环境伦理学environmental ethics 环境质量管理management of environmen tal quality环境适宜度environmental suitability环境区戈U environmental zoning环境预测environmental forecasting环境质量评价environmental quality evaluati on环境影响评价environmental impact assessme nt环境规戈U environmental planning环境决策分析environmental decision an alysis总量控制total discharge control of polluta nt 浓度控制concentration control排污收费effluent charge排污申报登记declaration and registrati on of polluta nt discharge排污可证permit for pollutant discharge生物安全biosafety环境监察environmental supervision and man ageme nt环境宣传教育environmen tal propaga nda and educatio n环境意识environmental consciousness 环境质量报告书report on environmen tal quality 环境影响评价报告书report on environmen tal impact assessme nt 公众意见听证会public heari ng循环经济cyclic economy预防为主、防治结合、综合治理原则principleof giving priority to pollutionpreve nti on, comb ining preve ntio n andcon trol, and in tegrated con trol 全面现划、合理布局原则principle of overall pla nning and rati on al layout谁污染谁治理polluter-treats综合利用、化害为利原则principle of comprehe nsive utilizati on and turning harm into good谁开发谁保护explorer-protects协调发展原则principle of coordinated developme nt环境保护模城市n ati onal environmen tal protect ion model city全国生态示区national ecological dem on strati on area环境信息environmental information 环境管理信息系统in formatio n system for environmen tal man ageme nt 环境专家系统environmental expert system环境监测environment monitoring 环境标志environmental label 清洁生产clea ner product吸声mufflerlife cycle of product环境法学环境法学scienee of environmental law 环境保护法environmental protection law公害法public nuisanee law环境行政法规adm ini strative regulati ons of en vir onment环境部门规章departmental rules of environment污染物排放标准pollutant discharge sta ndard"三同时” 制度three simultaneity system 排污审报登记制度declaration and registrati on system of polluti on discharge排污可证制度permit system of polluta nt discharge排污收费制度system of efflue nt限期治理制度system of elim in at ing and con troll ing environmen tal polluti onwith in a prescribed time现场检查制度system of on-site in spect ion环境污染事故报告制度system of environmen tal polluti on accide ntreport ing《中华人民国环境保护法》Environmental Protect ion Law of the People 's Republic of China《中华人民国水污染防治法》law of the People ' s Republic of Chi na on preve nti on and con trol of water pollutio n《中华人民国大气污染防治法》law of the People ' s Republic of China on preve nti on and con trol of atmospheric pollutio n《中华人民国环境噪声污染防治法》law of the People ' s Republic of China on preve nti on and con trol of polluti on from en vir onmen tal no ise《中华人民国固体废物污染环境法》law of the People ' s Republic of China on preve nti on and con trol of environmental pollution by solid waste《中华人民国海洋环境保护法》mari ne environment protect ion law of the People ' s Republic of China《全国生态环境建设规划》national eco-e nvironmen tal con struct ion pla n《全国生态环境保护纲要》national compe ndium on eco-e nvironmen tal protectio n地表水环境质量标准environmental quality sta ndard for surface water地下水质量标准quality standard for gro und water农业灌溉水质标准standard for irrigation water quality污水综合排放标准integrated wastewater discharge sta ndard大气污染物综合排放标准in tegrated emissi on sta ndard of air polluta nts环境经济学循环经济模式circular economy type 牧童经济the shepherd economy 3R 原则the rules of3R(reducing, reusing, recycli ng) 生态经济学eco-economics 共有资源com mon resources 夕卜部经济性external economics 夕卜部不经济性exter nal disec onomics 外部成本external cost 边际效用marginal utility 边际收益marginal ben efit 粗放经营extensive management 集约经营intensive management 自然资本natural capital 公平equity 代际补偿compensation between gen erati ons绿色国民帐户gree n n ati onal acco unt 可持续发展susta in able developme nt 公共物品public goods 环境保护贸易政策trade policy for environmen tal protect ion 绿色壁垒green tariff barrier 国民生产总值gross national productio n(GNP) 国民生产净值net n atio nal productio n(NNP) 国民收入n ati onal in come 环境污染弹性系数environmental pollutio n elasticity 回收率reuse rate 物质平衡material balanee 物料衡算material balanee counting 影子价格shadow price 现行价格present price 贴现discount 机会成本opport unity cost 运行费用operation cost 城市气化率urba npopulati on ratio ofused gas 城市绿化覆盖率urba n gree n cover ratio环境效益environmen tal ben efit 成本效益分析cost and ben efit an alysis 环境费用environmental cost 排污权交易marketable pollution permits 生态足迹the ecological footprint 环境税environmental tax 资源资产assets of resource 资源产权property right of resource 最低安全标准minimumstandard of security代际公平equality betwee n gen eratio n末端控制terminal control公地的悲剧tragedy of the public pasture中间产品in termediate product 最终产品final product直接污染物产生/排放系数direct pollutant gen erati on /discharge coefficie nt累积污染物产生/排放系数cumulate polluta ntgen erati on/discharge coefficie nt排污收费charge from discharge polluta nt污染者负担原则polluter pay prin ciple资源税resource tax人口出生率population birth rate 人口死亡率population mortality rate 人口自然增长率population nature growth rate人口计划生育率population planning fertility rate平均寿命average life人口年龄金字塔population age pyramid人口老化population aging人口过剩over-population人口爆炸population explosion计划生育family planning人口统计population statistics 人口普查population census环境教育环境教育目标objectives of en vir onmen tai educati on 多学科环境教育课程模式multi-discipli nary model of environmen tai educati on跨学科环境教育模式in ter-discipii nary model of environmen tai educatio n 中学环境教育大纟冈environmen tal educati on sta ndard for sec ondary school 环境教育活动的设计desig n of environmen tal educati on activity野外环境教育基地environmen tal educati on field base公众参与public participation 环境意识environmental awareness中国中小学绿色教育行动environmen tal educators in itiative of china。
环境科学与工程专业英语
环境科学与工程专业英语U3 What is waste reduction/waste minimization?1.句子英译中(1)Raw materials that lose their usefulness because they sit on shelf too long become wasted.因搁置太久而失去使用价值的原料变成废品。
(2）Poor cleaning of parts or inadequate dragout time will reduce the usefulness of the process chemicals, increase the cost of waste disposal, and the cost of chemical replacement.不洁部分或废酸洗液的时间不足会导致反应物利用率不高，增加废物处理费用和替代物质费用。
（3）Lockheed successfully switched from an alkaline cyanide cadmium bath to an acidic noncyanide cadminum bath.洛克希德成功地把碱性氰化物镉水浴转变成为了酸性非氰化物镉水浴。
（4）Don’t try to reinvent the wheel. Develop networking partners to share ideas.不要走老路。
结识合作伙伴，分享理念。
2.词组英译中Waste reduction/waste minimization 垃圾减量化/垃圾最小化；in-process 在…过程中；housekeeping家务管理；equipment modification设备改进；landfills废物填埋场；biodegradable solvents能进行生物降解的溶剂；volatile chemicals稳定的化学物质；management commitment管理委员会。
(完整版)环境科学与工程-专业英语词汇
环境科学与工程专业词汇包括环境学总论、环境地学、环境生物学、环境化学、环境物理学、环境工程学、环境医学、环境经济学、环境管理学、环境法学、环境教育等11大类。
环境学总论原生环境primary environment次生环境secondary environment生态示范区ecological demonstrate area环境地质学environmental geology环境地球化学environmental geo-chemistry 环境土壤学environmental soil science环境微生物学environmental microbiology环境危机environmental crisis环境保护environmental protection环境预测environmental forecasting环境自净environmental self-purification环境效应environmental effect环境容量environmental capacity环境演化evolution of environment环境舒适度environmental comfort环境背景值（本底值）environmental background value环境保护产业（环保产业）environmental production industry环境壁垒（绿色壁垒）environmental barrier 绿色革命green revolution可持续发展sustainable development第三类环境问题（社会环境问题）the third environmental problem悬浮物suspended solids一次污染物primary pollutant二次污染物secondary pollutant全球性污染global pollution排污收费pollution charge 可再生资源renewable resources不可再生资源non-renewable resources自然保护区natural reserve area防护林protection forest公害public nuisance矿山公害mining nuisance工业废水industrial wastewater矿山废水mining drainage生活饮用水domestic potable water草原退化grassland degeneration沙漠化desertification人口压力population pressure人口净增率rate of population全球环境监测系统global environment monitoring system GEMS中国环境保护工作方针Chinese policy for environment protection“三同时”原则principle of “the three at the same time”二噁英公害dioxin nuisance马斯河谷烟雾事件disaster in Meuse Valley 多诺拉烟雾事件disaster in Donora伦敦烟雾事件disaster in London水俣病事件minamata disease incident骨痛病事件itai-itai disaster incident洛杉矶光化学烟雾事件Los Angeles photochemical smog episode四日市哮喘事件Yokkaichi asthma episode米糠油事件Yusho disease incident环境地学水圈hydrosphere水循环water circulation地表水surface water水位water level下渗（入渗）sinking蒸发evaporation最高水位highest water level 最低水位lowest water level 平均水位average water level 警戒水位warning water level 流速flow velocity流量discharge洪水期flood season枯水期low-water season冲刷washout 含水层aquifer 隔水层（不透水层）aquiclude 透水层permeable stratum层间水interlayer water承压水（有压层间水）confined water 或自流水artesian water孔隙水void water岩溶水（喀斯特水）karst water径流runoff flow地表径流land runoff地下水groundwater流域保护water basin protection淡水fresh water咸水saltwater降水precipitation沉淀降水量amount of precipitation降水强度intensity of precipitation水环境容量carrying capacity of water environment水土流失（土壤侵蚀）soil and water loss点源污染point source pollution面源污染non-point source pollution扩散diffusion涡流eddy current涡流扩散eddy diffusion富营养化废水eutrophic waste-water污水sewage漫灌flood irritation水底沉积物（底质或底泥）benthal deposit 总固体total solids悬浮固体suspended solids总溶解固体total dissolved solids河流复氧常数constant of river reoxygenation 湖泊酸化lake acidification富营养化eutrophication富营养湖eutrophic lake中营养湖mesotrophic lake贫营养湖oligotrophic lake水库reservoir海洋处置sea disposal海底采样sea floor sample赤潮（红潮）red tide海水淡化desalination of seawater海底沉积物sea bottom sediment海洋倾倒ocean dumping水质water quality水资源综合利用water resource integrated utilization水土保持soil and water conservation 河道整治channel improvement水污染毒性生物评价biological assessment of water pollution toxicity水利工程hydro-engineering水体自净self-purification of water body水环境保护功能区（水质功能区）functional district of water environment土地处理系统land treatment system土地沙漠化land desertification土壤肥力soil fertility土壤酸碱度soil acidity and alkalinity土壤污染防治prevention and treatment of soil pollution土壤盐渍化（土壤盐碱化）soil salination土壤酸化soil acidification母质（土壤母质或成土母质）parent material 土壤剖面soil profile腐殖质化humification淋溶作用leaching土壤改良soil improvement土壤粒级soil separate土壤质地soil texture缓冲作用buffering/buffer action缓冲剂buffering agent/buffer缓冲容量buffer capacity盐基饱和度base saturation percentage灌溉irrigation富里酸fuvic acid胡敏素humin土壤团聚体soil aggregate土壤退化（土壤贫瘠化）soil degeneration 土壤地带性soil zonality污水灌溉wastewater irrigation臭氧层ozone layer降水precipitation降水量rainfall降水强度p recipitation intensity大气环境容量atmospheric environmental capacity事后评价afterwards assessment烟尘消除elimination of smoke and dust温室效应greenhouse effect大气扩散atmospheric diffusion烟羽（烟流或羽流）plume逆温inversion环境生物学生境habitat耐受极限limits of tolerance最小因子定律law of minimum生物检测bioassay环境胁迫environmental stress生物多样性bio-diversity生态位niche生命周期life cycle生态型ecotype自养生物autotrophy异养生物heterotroph指数增长exponential growth互利共生mutualism偏利共生commensalisms寄生parasitism衍生物derivative杀虫剂insecticide杀菌剂fungicide除草剂herbicide杀鼠剂rodenticide防腐剂preservative无残留农药non-persistent pesticide植物性农药phytopesticide污水灌溉sewage irrigation世界自然历史遗产保护地world natural and historical heritage site储量stock过度捕获over-hunting; over-fishing猎（渔）期open season农业残渣agricultural dregs赤潮red tide藻花algae bloom/水花water bloom原生污染物primary pollutant次生污染物secondary pollutant急性毒性实验acute toxicity test 慢性毒性实验chronic toxicity test预备实验screening test; range-finding test; preliminary test稀释dilution归宿fate生物积累bioaccumulation生物浓缩bioconcentration生物放大biomagnification生物降解biological degradation; biodegradation生物营养物质biotic nutrient多污生物带polysaprobic zone中污生物带mesosaprobic zone寡污生物带oligosaprobic zone敏感种sensitive species; intolerant organism 耐污种tolerant species生物滤池biological filter净化塘/氧化塘/生物塘purification pond生物膜biomembrane; biological film轮作crop rotation间作intercropping套种interplanting基塘模式farm land and fish pond model防护林带shelter belt沼气marsh gas农家肥farm manure堆肥piled manure城市热岛效应urban heat island effect城市生态规划urban ecological planning环境激素endocrine disrupting chemicals; endocrine disruptors边缘效应edge effect生态恢复ecological restoration恢复生态学restoration ecological环境化学甲基汞methyl mercury镉米cadmium rice农药残留pesticide residue有机氯农药organochlorine pesticide有机磷农药organophosphorous pesticide 氨基甲酸酯杀虫剂carbamate insecticide 拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂pyrethroid insecticide 植物生长调节剂growth regulator化学致癌物chemical carcinogen表面活性剂surfactant多氯联苯类polychlorinated biphenyls;PCBs 多环芳烃类polyaromtic hydrocarbon; PAH 催化（催化作用）catalysis臭氧化ozonization光化学氧化剂photochemical oxidant过氧乙酰硝酸酯peroxyacetyl nitrate；PAN 干沉降dry deposition湿沉降wet deposition光化学烟雾photochemical smog大气光化学atmospheric photochemistry降水化学precipitation chemistry气溶胶化学aerosol chemistry悬浮颗粒物suspended particulate总悬浮颗粒物total suspended particulates(TSP)飘尘（可吸入颗粒物或可吸入尘）airborne particle降尘（落尘）dustfall；falling dust气溶胶aerosol水质water quality盐度salinity氧化还原电位oxidation-reduction potential；redox potential溶解氧dissolved oxygen化学需氧量chemical oxygen demand生化需氧量biochemical oxygen demand总有机碳total organic carbon溶解度solubility聚集aggregation絮凝flocculation凝聚coagulation离子交换ion exchange萃取extraction缓冲溶液buffer solution氧平衡模式（氧垂曲线）oxygen balance model吸收剂(吸附剂)absorbent活性炭active carbon氧化剂oxidant还原剂reductant胶团micelle胶体溶液colloidal solution脱硫剂desulfurization agent电渗析electrodialysis萃取剂extracting agent过滤filter絮凝剂flocculant；flocculating agent无机絮凝剂inorganic flocculant有机高分子絮凝剂organic polymer flocculant 中和法neutralization 反渗透膜reverse osmosis membrane硅胶silica gel蒸汽蒸馏steam distillation超滤膜ultrafilter membrane灵敏度sensitivity准确度accuracy精密度precision可靠性reliability检测限detection limit相对误差relative error绝对误差absolute error偶然误差accidental error平均偏差mean deviation采样误差sampling error标准溶液standard solution标准物质standard substance允许误差allowable error允许浓度allowable concentration微量分析microanalysis痕量分析trace analysis现场分析in-situ analysis仪器分析instrumental analysis水质分析water quality analysis比色分析colorimetric analysis沉降分析sedimentation analysis自动分析automatic analysis原子吸收分光光度法atomic absorption spectrophotometry原子吸收分光光度计atomic absorption spectrophotometer原子荧光光谱法atomic fluorescence spectrometry原子荧光光谱仪atomic fluorescence spectrometer电化学分析法electrochemical method高效液相色谱法high performance liquid chromatography高效液相色谱仪high performance liquid chromatograph气相色谱分析gas chromatography气相色谱仪gas chromatograph采样器sampler大气采样器air sampler底泥采样器sediment samplerpH计pH meter湿度计hygrometer固定大气污染源stationary sources of air pollution移动大气污染源mobile sources of air pollution固定式水污染源stationary sources of water pollution移动式水污染源mobile sources of water pollution污染负荷pollution load污染源调查survey of pollution sources无污染工艺pollution-free technology无污染装置pollution-free installation污染物总量控制total amount control of pollution水质参数water quality parameter水温water temperature色度color index透明度transparency混浊度turbidity硬度hardness感官污染指标sensuous pollution index毒理学污染指标physical pollution index化学污染指标chemical pollution index细菌学污染指标bacteriological pollution index毒理学污染指标toxicological pollution index 城市污水municipal sewage生活污水domestic sewage工业废水industrial wastewater常规分析指标index of routine analysis环境监测environmental monitoring过程监测course monitoring污染物排放标准pollution discharge standard 总量排放标准total amount of pollution discharge standard优先监测priority monitoring环境优先污染物environmental priority pollutant总固体total solids可吸入微粒(可吸入尘和飘尘)inhale particles 浊度计turbidimeter实验室质量控制laboratory quality control空白实验值blank value平行样duplicate samples再现性(重现性)reproducibility重复性repeatability回收率recovery rate检出限detection limit冷原子吸收法cold-vapor atomic absorption method紫外吸收光谱法ultraviolet absorption spectrophotometry重量分析gravimetric analysis内标法internal marker method定性分析qualitative analysis定量分析quantitive analysis试样前处理pre-treatment均值mean value标准差standard error方差variation回归分析regression analysis相关分析correlation analysis相关系数correlation coefficient系统误差systematic error随机误差random error有效数字valid figure农药残留分析pesticide residue analysis排污收费effluent charge室内空气污染indoor air pollution水体自净self-purification of water body水土保持soil and water conservation水土流失soil erosion土壤修复soil-remediation生物修复bioremediation光降解photodegradation温室气体greenhouse gases总量收费total quantity charge超临界流体supercritical fluid土壤采样soil pollution环境物理学光辐射(光)visible radiation 红外线infrared ray紫外线ultraviolet ray灭菌灯bactericidal lamp 光污染light pollution噪声污染noise pollution 混响reverberation听力损失hearing loss绝对湿度absolute humidity相对湿度relative humidity饱和度saturation ratio冷凝condensation露点温度dew point temperature热辐射thermal radiation比热specific heat空气调节air conditioning通风ventilation环境工程学环境污染综合防治integrated prevention and control of pollution环境功能区划environmental function zoning 稀释比dilution ratio迁移transfer紊流扩散turbulent diffusion氧亏(亏氧量)oxygen deficit复氧reaeration溶解氧下垂曲线dissolved-oxygen sag curve 饱和溶解氧saturated dissolved无污染燃料pollution-free fuel燃烧combustion空气－燃料比air-to-fuel ratio烟气分析analysis of flue gas煤的综合利用comprehensive utilization of coal 脱硫desulfurization除尘效率particle collection efficiency分割粒径cut diameter for particles压力损失（压力降）pressure drop机械除尘器mechanical collector重力沉降室gravity settling chamber惯性除尘器inertial dust separator旋风除尘器cyclone collector回流式旋风除尘器reverse-flow cyclone collector直流旋风除尘器straight-through cyclone collector多管旋风除尘器multiple cyclone collector过滤除尘器filter袋式除尘器bag house滤料filtration media气布比air-to-cloth ratio机械振动清灰袋式除尘器bag house with shake cleaning逆气流清灰袋式除尘器bag house with reverse-flow cleaning脉冲喷吹清灰袋式除尘器bag house with pulse-jet cleaning静电除尘electrostatic precipitator (ESP) 电晕放电corona discharge驱进速度drift velocity集尘极collecting electrode板间距distance between collecting electrodes 电极清灰removal of collected particle from electrodes宽间距静电除尘器wide space electrostatic precipitator高压脉冲静电除尘器pulse charging electrostatic precipitator湿式静电除尘器wet electrostatic precipitator 双区静电除尘器（两段式电除尘器）two-stage electrostatic precipitator湿式除尘器wet collector of particulates重力喷雾洗涤器gravitational spray scrubber 旋风洗涤器centrifugal scrubber中心喷雾旋风洗涤器]cyclone spray scrubber 泡沫洗涤塔foam tower scrubber填料床洗涤器packed bed scrubber文丘里洗涤器venturi scrubber双膜理论two-film theory气膜控制gas film control液膜控制liquid film control穿透曲线break through curve催化剂catalyst催化剂中毒poisoning of catalyst 烟气脱硫flue gas desulfurization (FGD)湿法脱硫wet process of FGD石灰－石灰石法脱硫desulfurization by lime and limestone氨吸收法脱硫ammonia process of FGD干法脱硫dry process FGD吸收法控制氮氧化物control of NO x by absorption水吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorption process with water酸吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorption process with acid碱吸收法脱氮control of NO x by absorption process with alkali吸附法控制氮氧化物control of NO x by adsorption分子筛吸附法脱氮control of NO x by adsorption process with molecular sieve硅胶吸附法脱氮control of NO x by adsorption process with silica gel气体生物净化biotreatment of gaseous pollutant生物过滤器biofilter汽车尾气污染pollution of automobile exhaust gal生物脱臭biotreatment of odor集气罩capture hood烟囱有效排放高度effective height of emission清洁生产cleaner production矿山废水mining drainage电镀废水electroplating wastewater给水处理厂water treatment plant污水处理厂wastewater treatment给水（污水）处理构筑物water （sewage）treatment structure污水集水井swage joining well废水调节池wastewater flow equalization basin格栅grill筛网grid screen沉砂池grit settling tank曝气沉砂池aeration grit settling tank平流式沉砂池horizontal grit settling tank立式圆形沉砂池vertical circular grit settling tank圆形周边运动沉砂池circular perimeter flow grit settling tank重力排砂grit discharge by gravity水力提升排砂grit discharge with hydraulic elevator水力旋流器hydraulic cyclone沉淀池settling tank重力沉淀池gravity settling tank 浓缩式沉淀池thickening settling tank斜板（斜管）沉淀池sloping plank(pipe)settling tank辐流式沉淀池radial settling tank平流式沉淀池horizontal settling tank竖流式沉淀池vertical settling tank悬浮污泥澄清池suspended sludge clarifier脉冲澄清池pulse clarifier水力循环澄清池hydraulic circulating clarifier竖流折板絮凝池vertical table flap flocculating tank机械搅拌絮凝池mechanical mixing flocculating tank 颗粒自由沉降particle free sediment 絮凝沉降flocculation sedimentation 拥挤沉降hindered sedimentation气浮池floatation basin加压溶气气浮法pressure dissolved-airfloatation微电解法micro electroanalysis过滤池filter重力过滤法gravity filtration process 压力过滤法pressure filtration process 真空过滤法vacuum filtration process 快滤池rapid filtration慢滤池slow filtration接触滤池contact filter双向滤池bidirectional filter双层滤料滤池double layer filter无阀滤池non-valve filter虹吸滤池siphon filter压力滤池pressure filterV型滤池aquazur V-filter砂滤sand filtration 微滤机microstrainer滤池冲洗强度backwashing intensity of filter 滤层filter material layer滤料承托层holding layer for filter material 斜板隔油沉淀池oil trap with slope plank冷却塔cooling tower湿式氧化法wet oxidation process反应池reaction basin叶轮搅拌器turbine mixer膜分离法membrane separation method半渗透膜semi-permeable membrane电渗析electrodialysis反渗透reverse osmosis离子交换膜ion exchange membrane萃取extraction汽提stripping吹脱法blow-off method臭氧氧化法ozonation臭氧发生器ozonator磁分离法magnetic isolation method光催化氧化optical catalysis oxidation软化水处理softening water treatment石灰－纯碱软化法lime-sodium carbonate softening method 废水好氧/厌氧处理biological aerobic/anaerobic treatment of wastewater微生物内源代谢microorganism intrinsic metabolism微生物合成代谢microorganism synthetic metabolism基质分解代谢substrate degradation metabolism活性污泥法activated sludge process回流污泥return sludge剩余污泥surplus sludge初次沉淀池primary sedimentation basin 曝气池aeration推流式曝气池plug-flow aeration basin完全混合曝气池completely mixed aeration basin二次沉淀池secondary sedimentation basin污泥沉降比sludge settling ratio污泥容积指数sludge velum index污泥负荷volume loading 普通活性污泥法conventional activated sludge process分段曝气法step aeration method延时曝气法extended aeration method加速曝气法accelerant aeration method深井曝气法deep well aeration method纯氧曝气法oxygen aeration method 鼓风曝气装置blast aerator 扩散曝气设备diffusion aerator 射流曝气设备efflux aerator 机械曝气装置mechanical aerator 表面曝气装置surface aerator曝气时间aeration time污泥龄sludge age活性污泥培养activated sludge culture活性污泥驯化domestication of activated sludge粉末炭活性炭法powdered carbon activated sludge process污泥膨胀sludge bulking生物滤池biological filter高负荷生物滤池high-loading biological filter 水力负荷hydraulic loading有机负荷organic loading塔式生物滤池tower biological filer生物转盘biological rotating disc生物流化床biological fluidized bed活性生物滤池activated biofilter化粪池septic tank污水硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitrification污水反硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by denitrification污水硝化—反硝化脱氮处理nitrogen removal from wastewater by nitridenitrification土地处理系统land treatment system 氧化塘oxidation pond好氧塘aerobic pond兼性塘facultative pond厌氧塘anaerobic pond曝气氧化塘aerated oxidation pondICEAS intermittent cyclic extended aeration system间歇循环延时曝气活性污泥法DAT-IAT工艺demand aeration tank intermittent aeration tank system(需氧池－间歇池)A1/O工艺anoxic/ oxicA2/O工艺anaerobic oxicPhostrip工艺phostriop processBardenpho工艺Bardenpho process Phoredox工艺Phoredox processUCT工艺university of cape townVIP工艺Virginia initiative plant厌氧生物滤池(AF)anaerobic filter厌氧接触法anaerobic contact process厌氧生物转盘anaerobic biological rotating disc两相厌氧消化two-phase anaerobic digest序批式间歇反应器series batch reactor氧化沟oxidation ditch上流式厌氧污泥床upflow anaerobic sludgeblanketMSBR modified sequencing batch reactor消毒disinfection灭菌sterilization加氯机chlorinator氯化消毒chlorization disinfection漂白粉消毒disinfection by bleaching powder 紫外线消毒disinfection with ultraviolet rays 加氯消毒disinfection by chlorine液氯liquified chlorine gas需氯量chlorine demand余氯chlorine residual游离性余氯free chlorine residual化合性余氯combined chlorine residual折点加氯chlorination breakpoint过氧化氢消毒disinfection by hydrogen peroxide除味taste removal除臭odor removal脱色decoloration生污泥undigested sludge熟污泥digested sludge污泥处置disposal of sludge污泥综合利用comprehensive utilization of sludge真空过滤法vacuum flotation process污泥浓缩sludge thickening污泥消化sludge digestion污泥脱水sludge dewatering污泥干化sludge drying污泥焚烧sludge incineration真空过滤机脱水dewatering by vacuum filter 板框压滤机脱水dewatering by plate frame press filter辊轧式脱水机脱水dewatering by roll press 带式压滤机脱水dewatering by belt press filter离心式脱水机脱水dewatering by centrifuge 中温消化处理middle temperature digestive treatment高温消化处理high temperature digestive treatment污泥堆肥发酵处理sludge composting and fermentation 污泥浓缩池sludge thickener污泥消化池sludge digestion tank污泥产气率gas production rate of sludge污泥干化场sludge drying bed固体废物solid wastes城市生活垃圾municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾堆放处置法dumping of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾卫生填埋法sanitary landfilling of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾焚烧法incineration of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾分类sorting of municipal solid wastes城市生活垃圾收集collection of municipal solid wastes垃圾收费refuse taxing废电池used battery有毒有害工业固体废物toxic industrial wastes医疗废物health care wastes堆肥composting填埋场landfill渗滤液leachate treatment焚烧炉incineration furnaces助燃空气系统air injection system余热利用heat utilization焚烧灰渣ash水泥固化技术cement solidification石灰固化lime solidification沥青固化技术asphalt solidification固体废物预处理preliminary treatment of solid wastes破碎crushing of solid wastes筛分screening of solid wastes风力分选wind separation放射性固体废物radioactive solid waste声级计sound level meter消声室anechoic room; anechoic chamber; dead room混响室reverberation room隔声sound insulation吸声muffler环境医学环境卫生学environmental hygiene 环境毒理学environmental toxicology 口蹄疫foot-and-mouth disease流行病学epidemiology地方病endemic disease氟斑牙dental fluorosis职业病occupational disease慢性毒性chronic toxicity急性毒性acute toxicity致癌物carcinogen变异variation病原体pathogen抗体antibody抗原antigen突变mutation病毒virus蓄积器官storage organ致突变作用mutagenesis致畸作用teratogenesis致癌作用carcinogensis摄入量intake dose吸收量absorbed dose卫生标准health standard最高容许浓度maximum permissibleconcentration致死量lethal dose半致死浓度median lethal concentration(LD50)剂量－反应关系dose-response relationship恶臭offensive odor协同作用synergism拮抗作用antagonism因果关系cause-effect relationship相关关系correlation阈限值threshold limit value(TLV)高危人群population at high risk易感人群susceptible population环境管理学环境管理学environmental management science环境伦理学environmental ethics环境质量管理management of environmental quality环境适宜度environmental suitability环境区划environmental zoning环境预测environmental forecasting环境质量评价environmental quality evaluation环境影响评价environmental impact assessment环境规划environmental planning环境决策分析environmental decision analysis 总量控制total discharge control of pollutant 浓度控制concentration control排污收费effluent charge排污申报登记declaration and registration of pollutant discharge排污许可证permit for pollutant discharge生物安全biosafety环境监察environmental supervision and management环境宣传教育environmental propaganda and education环境意识environmental consciousness 环境质量报告书report on environmental quality环境影响评价报告书report on environmental impact assessment公众意见听证会public hearing循环经济cyclic economy预防为主、防治结合、综合治理原则principle of giving priority to pollution prevention, combining prevention and control, and integrated control全面现划、合理布局原则principle of overall planning and rational layout谁污染谁治理polluter-treats综合利用、化害为利原则principle of comprehensive utilization and turning harm into good谁开发谁保护explorer-protects协调发展原则principle of coordinated development国家环境保护模范城市national environmental protection model city全国生态示范区national ecological demonstration area环境信息environmental information环境管理信息系统information system for environmental management环境专家系统environmental expert system 环境监测environment monitoring环境标志environmental label 清洁生产cleaner production环境审计environmental audit产品生命周期life cycle of product环境法学环境法学science of environmental law环境保护法environmental protection law公害法public nuisance law环境行政法规administrative regulations of environment环境部门规章departmental rules of environment污染物排放标准pollutant discharge standard “三同时”制度three simultaneity system排污审报登记制度declaration and registration system of pollution discharge排污许可证制度permit system of pollutant discharge排污收费制度system of effluent限期治理制度system of eliminating and controlling environmental pollution within a prescribed time现场检查制度system of on-site inspection环境污染事故报告制度system of environmental pollution accident reporting 《中华人民共和国环境保护法》Environmental Protection Law of the People’s Republic of China《中华人民共和国水污染防治法》law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of water pollution《中华人民共和国大气污染防治法》law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of atmospheric pollution《中华人民共和国环境噪声污染防治法》law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of pollution from environmental noise《中华人民共和国固体废物污染环境法》law of the People’s Republic of China on prevention and control of environmental pollution by solid waste《中华人民共和国海洋环境保护法》marine environment protection law of the People’s Republic of China《全国生态环境建设规划》national eco-environmental construction plan《全国生态环境保护纲要》national compendium on eco-environmental protection 地表水环境质量标准environmental quality standard for surface water地下水质量标准quality standard for ground water农业灌溉水质标准standard for irrigation water quality污水综合排放标准integrated wastewater discharge standard大气污染物综合排放标准integrated emission standard of air pollutants环境经济学循环经济模式circular economy type牧童经济the shepherd economy3R原则the rules of 3R(reducing, reusing, recycling)生态经济学eco-economics共有资源common resources外部经济性external economics外部不经济性external diseconomics外部成本external cost边际效用marginal utility边际收益marginal benefit粗放经营extensive management集约经营intensive management自然资本natural capital公平equity代际补偿compensation between generations绿色国民帐户green national account可持续发展sustainable development公共物品public goods环境保护贸易政策trade policy for environmental protection绿色壁垒green tariff barrier国民生产总值gross national production(GNP) 国民生产净值net national production(NNP)11国民收入national income环境污染弹性系数environmental pollution elasticity回收率reuse rate物质平衡material balance物料衡算material balance counting影子价格shadow price现行价格present price贴现discount机会成本opportunity cost运行费用operation cost城市气化率urban population ratio of used gas 城市绿化覆盖率urban green cover ratio环境效益environmental benefit成本效益分析cost and benefit analysis环境费用environmental cost排污权交易marketable pollution permits生态足迹the ecological footprint环境税environmental tax资源资产assets of resource资源产权property right of resource最低安全标准minimum standard of security 代际公平equality between generation末端控制terminal control 公地的悲剧tragedy of the public pasture中间产品intermediate product最终产品final product直接污染物产生/排放系数direct pollutant generation/discharge coefficient累积污染物产生/排放系数cumulate pollutant generation/discharge coefficient排污收费charge from discharge pollutant污染者负担原则polluter pay principle资源税resource tax人口出生率population birth rate人口死亡率population mortality rate人口自然增长率population nature growth rate人口计划生育率population planning fertility rate平均寿命average life人口年龄金字塔population age pyramid人口老化population aging人口过剩over-population人口爆炸population explosion计划生育family planning人口统计population statistics人口普查population census环境教育环境教育目标objectives of environmental education多学科环境教育课程模式multi-disciplinary model of environmental education 跨学科环境教育模式inter-disciplinary model of environmental education中学环境教育大纲environmental education standard for secondary school环境教育活动的设计design of environmental education activity野外环境教育基地environmental education field base公众参与public participation环境意识environmental awareness中国中小学绿色教育行动environmental educators initiative of china12。
环境科学与工程专业英语第四版,练习答案
环境科学与工程专业英语第四版,练习答案1、As soon as he _______, he _______ to his family. [单选题] *A. arrived, writesB. arrived, writtenC. arrived, wrote(正确答案)D. arrives, write2、Generally speaking, it is _______ to ask a woman’s age in western countries. [单选题] *A. possibleB. importantC. not polite(正确答案)D. polite3、I’m _______ I must be leaving now. [单选题] *A. afraid(正确答案)B. thinkC. thoughtD. free4、There are about eight ______ students in my school.（）[单选题] *A. hundred(正确答案)B. hundredsC. hundred ofD. hundreds of5、What’s the price and what sort of _______ do you offer? [单选题] *A. advantageB. accountC. displayD. discount(正确答案)6、I gave John a present but he gave me nothing_____. [单选题] *A.in advanceB.in vainC.in return(正确答案)D.in turn7、_______ songs is my favorite. [单选题] *A. To Singing EnglishB. Singing English(正确答案)C. Singings EnglishD. Sing English8、Across the river（）. [单选题] *A. lies a new built bridgeB.lies a newly built bridge(正确答案)C. a new built bridge liesD.a newly built bridge lies9、Mike and his friend are going to the _______ to see the new action movie tonight. [单选题] *A. book shopB. restaurantC. concertD. cinema(正确答案)10、82．—Is there a bookshop near here?—Yes. Walk ________ the road for five minutes and you'll see one near a big tree. [单选题] *A．toB．along(正确答案)C．ofD．about11、The car is _______. It needs washing. [单选题] *A. cleanB. dirty(正确答案)C. oldD. new12、I’m sorry there are ______ apples in the fridge. You must go and buy some right now.（）[单选题] *A. a littleB. littleC. a fewD. few(正确答案)13、Mary, together with her children ,_____ some video show when I went into the sitting room. [单选题] *A. were watchingB. was watching(正确答案)C. is watchingD. are watching14、( ) You had your birthday party the other day,_________ [单选题] *A. hadn't you?B. had you?C. did you?D. didn't you?(正确答案)15、He gathered his courage and went on writing music. [单选题] *A. 从事B. 靠······谋生C. 继续(正确答案)D. 致力于16、She works in a hospital. She is a(n) _______. [单选题] *A. managerB. engineerC. doctor(正确答案)D. patient17、37．It’s fun _________ a horse with your best friends on the grass. [单选题] * A．to ride (正确答案)B．ridingC．ridesD．ride18、Can you give her some ______ ? [单选题] *A. advice(正确答案)B. suggestionC. advicesD. suggest19、—Why is Mary asking Bob about the school trip? —Because she wants to know ______.（）[单选题] *A. how does he think of the tripB. what does he think of the tripC. what he likes the tripD. how he likes the trip(正确答案)20、Mr. Wang is coming to our school. I can’t wait to see _______. [单选题] *A. herB. him(正确答案)C. itD. them21、He always found it hard to satisfy himself. [单选题] *A. 控制B. 满足(正确答案)C. 了解D. 批评22、It ______ me half an hour to return to school.（）[单选题] *A. takes(正确答案)B. spendsC. costsD. brings23、My brother often does ______ homework first after school.（）[单选题] *A. heB. his(正确答案)C. sheD. her24、We had ____ wonderful lunch last Saturday. [单选题] *A. /B. theC. oneD. a(正确答案)25、41．—________ do you take?—Small, please. [单选题] *A．What size(正确答案)B．What colourC．How manyD．How much26、Tom’s mother will let him _______ traveling if he comes back?in five days. [单选题] *A. to goB. goesC. wentD. go(正确答案)27、80．Thousands of ________ from other countries visit the village every year. [单选题] * A．robotsB．postcardsC．tourists(正确答案)D．bridges28、( )He killed the enemy guard and made away _________the villagers. [单选题] *A. with the helpB. with helpC. with help ofD. with the help of(正确答案)29、21 In a few years' time, there ________ thousands of trees on the hill. [单选题] * A．will haveB．will be(正确答案)C．are haveD．have30、I was astonished when I heard that Louise was getting married. [单选题] *A. 惊讶(正确答案)B. 气愤C. 高兴D. 想念。
环境工程专业英语--Unit 1
Unit 1 What are Environmental Science and Engineering
Quantitative Environmental Science: 1.What does scientific method deal with? 2.What is the cornerstone of science?
➢ 即使它们是具有代表性的，它们也含有不能用现有知识来解释的某 些随机变化。
Care and impartiality in gathering and recording data, as well as independent verification(认证), are the cornerstones of science.
➢ 历来环境科学家研究的焦点，理所应当是自然环境。
By this, we mean the atmosphere, the land, the water and their inhabitants as differentiated from the built environment.
➢ 因此，我们指的是大气，土壤，水和居住环境，这些不同于建设的 环境。
在最广泛的意义上 ， 科学是系统化的知识，来源于并且实 践于对问题的认识和构想 ， 以及通过观察和实验的数据的 收集。
Unit 1 What are Environmental Science and Engineering
We differentiate between social science and natural science in that the former deals with the study of people and how they live together as families, tribes, communities, races, and nations, and the latter deals with the study of nature and the physical world. Natural science includes such diverse disciplines as biology, chemistry, geology, physics, and environmental science.
6 环境工程专业英语unit 6
2. Names of Anions（阴离子的命名）
元素名称的词干 + -ide + ion 例：F-：fluoride ion（F：fluorine）；
Cl-：chloride ion（Cl：chlorine）； Br-：bromide ion（Br：bromine）；
I-：iodide ion（I：iodine） OH-：hydroxide ion
group 7A “Halogens”
(F, Cl, Br, I，At)
❖ 9. Fluorine ['fluəri:n] (F), 氟 ❖ 17. Chlorine ['kləuri:n] (Cl),氯 ❖ 35. Bromine ['brəumi:n] (Br), 溴 ❖ 53. Iodine ['aiədain, -di:n] (I), 碘
low reactivities
❖ Boron family
Boron ['bɔ:rɔn]硼 B Aluminum [əlju:'minəm]铝 Al Aluminium [ælju:'minjəm]美语
❖ Nitrogen family
Nitrogen ['naitrədʒən]氮 N Phosphorus/Phosphorous ['fɔsfərəs] 磷 P
group 1A. “Alkali metals”
(Li, Na, K, Rb, Cs，Fr) ❖ 3. Lithium ['liθi:əm] 锂 ❖ 11. Sodium ['səudi:əm] 钠 Natrium ['neitriəm] ❖ 19. Potassium [pə'tæsiəm] 钾 kalium ['keiliəm] ❖ 37. Rubidium [ru:'bidiəm] 铷（Rb） ❖ 55. Caesium ['si:zjəm] 铯(Cs) ❖ 87. Francium ['frænsiəm] (放射性元素)钫(符Fr)
一级学科---环境科学与工程----英文名称-Environmental-Science
中国海洋大学研究生培养方案（报表）一级学科名称环境科学与工程二级学科名称环境科学、环境工程、环境规划与管理二级学科代码 083001、083002、083020培养方案负责人高会旺联系电话 66782977电子邮件 hwgao@分管院长签字：院（系）盖章填表日期： 2007 年 7 月 30日一级学科：____环境科学与工程_____________英文名称： Environmental Science and Engineering代码：____08300________________一、学科简介环境科学与工程学院设有环境科学与工程博士和硕士学位授予权一级学科，涵盖环境科学、环境工程、环境规划与管理三个博士点，环境科学、环境工程、环境规划与管理三个硕士点。
设有环境工程工程硕士点和管理工程硕士点。
设有环境科学与工程博士后流动站。
环境科学和环境工程两个二级学科均为山东省重点学科。
环境科学是国家重点学科，山东省“十五”和“十一五”强化建设的重点学科。
持有国家环境评价甲级证书。
海洋环境与生态教育部重点实验室是学院科学研究和人才培养的重要支撑。
本学科点现有教学科研人员68人（包括外聘12人），其中博士生导师2 2人（包括校外博导10人），教授33人（包括外聘12人），副教授16人，另有中国科学院院士1人，中国工程院双聘院士2人，“长江学者讲座教授”2人。
教学科研人员中81％具有博士学位，高级职称人员中70%具有国外留学或访问经历，45岁以下学术带头人及学术骨干占教师总数的70%，形成了以“长江学者讲座教授”、新世纪优秀人才、“973”课题、国家基金重大和重点项目负责人为学术带头人的学缘结构和年龄合理的学术团队。
经过“211工程”和“985工程”建设，本学科点和教育部重点实验室现有大型仪器设备总价值达2000余万元，形成了功能完备的海洋环境现场观测、室内分析测试和数值计算等研究和人才培养平台。
实验室总面积约4000m2。
环境科学与工程专业英语部分课文翻译(3、8、10、15、16、19、23)
Unit 3 What is Waste Reduction/Waste Minimization?什么是废物减量化，废物最少化美国花费了大量的时间在讨论像资源减量化，废物最小化，循环和阻止污染这些术语上，EPA已经提供了以下的定义。
资源减量化：减少在于一个过程中的大量废物的任何行为。
它包括，例如，过程调整，原料调整，提高管理和回收在循环。
废物最少化：产生的废物最大程度减少，然后处理，存储，或者处置。
它包括了被导致了只要减量化与现在或将来威胁到人类健康和环境的最小化的目标一致的总容量或废物数量的减少或者废物毒性的减少，或者两方面兼备的发生器承担任何资源减量化或循环的活动。
回收：作为一个商业产品的代替品，或作为一个工业过程的原料的利用或再利用。
它包括了废物的有用的小部分或来自允许再用的去除了污染物的废物的在现场或离开现场的回收利用。
污染的防止：污染可能在生产过程之中产生，或者在当一个产品被用作商业用途或被消费者使用的时候产生。
这样可能在三个方式上被阻止：改变投入/减少依赖有毒物或有害的原材料；改变过程/增加效率/提高类似设备修改的维修保养，更好的管理，在过程中闭环循环；或者改变产出/减小对有毒或者有害产品的依赖。
随着1984年危险废物和固体废物修正案资源保护和恢复法的通过，美国国会建立一个国家政策来表明回收或消除危险废物的产生重要性。
美国国会宣称它是一项无论在美国哪里都可行的国家政策，要尽可能迅速地回收或消除危险废物的产生。
然而产生的废物还是应被处理、储存或处置，从而尽量减少现在和将来对人类健康和环境的威胁。
在1990年，美国国会通过污染防治法，建立了一个全国废物管理政策。
表明第一污染应该被预防或回收；;第二，废物应该用一种环保安全的方式进行循环利用；第三，废物应该被处理;最后，废物应该被除去或降解到环境。
在美国，随着这些和其他环境法规的通过，废物最少化成为一种重要的工作理念.废物回收/废物最少化技术同时，对于一些特定的工厂，废物最少化的当然是在具体的工厂或在实地，能用的技术能被分为以下主要几类：●product changes产品改变●process changes过程改变●equipment modifications设备改造●operating practices操作训练●recycling and reuse回收和再利用在实践中，尽量减少废物的机会是有限的，只有被工厂人员的聪明才智所利用. 这种技术已经被运用与大数量的工业和工业化生产过程，同时也被应用于有危险性和非危险性的废物。
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1环境工程与科学 Environmental Engineering and Science 2环境监测与评价 Environmental monitoring and assessment3温室气体 greenhouse gases 4地表水 the surface water 浅层水 the subsurface water 地下水 the ground water5环境影响评（EIA ）environmental impact assessment6臭氧层减少 ozone depletion 7沙漠化 desertification 8点源 point sources 非点源 nonpoint sources 9初级污染物 primary pollutant 次级污染物 secondary pollutant 10光化学烟雾 photochemical smog 11室内污染 indoor air pollution12固体及有害废弃物污染 solid and hazardous waste pollution13生物多样性减少biodiversity loss 14传统决策 traditional decision making 15原生环境 primary environment 次生环境 secondary environment 16不可再生资源 nonrenewable resources 17生态示范区 ecological demonstrate area 18保护林 protection forest 19环境危机 environmental crisis 20环境预测environmental forecasting 21环境效应environmental effect 22环境承载力environmental capacity 23环境演化evolution of environment 24草地退化 grassland degeneration 25水中悬浮物 suspended solids26孔隙水 void water 27岩溶水 karst water 28流域保护 water basin protection 29淡水 fresh water 海水 salt water 30降雨量 amount of precipitation 降雨强度 intensity of precipitation 31 海洋倾倒 ocean dumping 32水力工程 hydro-engineering33水环境功能区 function district of water environment34土壤肥力 soil fertility33土壤酸碱度 soil acidity and alkalinity 36土壤盐渍化 soil salination 37土壤酸化 soil acidification 38缓冲能力 buffer capacity39盐基饱和度 base saturation percentage 40污水灌溉 wastewater irrigation41事后评价 afterwards assessment 42大气扩散 atmospheric diffusion 43而授限度 limits of tolerance 44生命周期评价 life cycle assessment 45慢性毒性实验 chronic toxicity test 46生物富集 bioaccumulation 47生物浓缩 bioconcentration 48生物放大 biomagnification 49边缘效应 edge effect5总悬浮颗粒物 total suspended particulates(TSP) 51化学需氧量 chemical oxygen demand (COD) 52生物化学需氧量 biochemical oxygen demand (BOD)53总有机碳 total organic carbon （TOC ） 54活性碳 active carbon 55萃取剂 extracting agent56有机高分子絮凝剂 organic pdymer flocculant 57固定大气污染源 stationary sources of air pollution移动大气污染源 mobile sources of air pollution 5环境优先污染物environmental priority pollutant 59回归分析 regression analysis 相关分析 correlation analysis 60相关系数 correlation coefficient 61系数误差 systematic error 62随机误差 random error 63土壤修复 soil-remediation 64绝对湿度 absolute humidity 相对湿度 relative humidity 65热辐射 thermal radiation 湍流扩散 turbulent diffusion6煤的综合利用 comprehensive-utilization of coal 67清洁生产 cleaner production 68采矿排水 mining drainage69分子筛吸附NOx 化物过程 control of NOx by adsorption process with molecular sieve70公害 public nuisance 71涡流 eddy current 72富营养化废水 eutrophic wastewater 73富营养化 eutrophication 74中度营养湖泊 mesotrophic lake 75贫营养湖泊 oligotropic lake 76腐殖质化 humification 77土壤质地 soil texture78海水淡化 desalination of seawater 79检出限 detection limit80生态位 niche 81生态型 ecotype 82表面活性剂 surfactant 83光催化作用 photo catalysis84催化作用 catalysis 85格栅 grill86筛网 grid screen 87气浮池 floatation basin 88微电解法 micro-electroanalysis89微生物合成代谢 micro-organism synthetic metabolism90杀菌 sterilization 除味 taste removal 91紫外光消毒 disinfection with ultroviolet vays 93脱臭 odor removal 94脱色decoloration 95污泥浓缩sludge thickening 污泥硝化sludge digestion 污泥脱水sludge dewatering 污泥干燥sludge drying96陆地填埋landfill 97焚烧incineration 98渗滤液处理leachate treatment99最大允许浓度maximum permissible concentration100理境伦理学environmental ethics 101环境适宜度environmental suitability 102排放总量控制total discharge control of pollutant103谁污染谁治理pollutant-treats 104谁开发谁保护explorer-protects105国家级生态示范区national ecological demonstration area106环境管理信息系统information system for environmental management I07环境标记物environmental label 108外部经济性external economics 外部非经济性external diseconomics 109生态足迹the ecological footprint 110代际公平equality between generation 111公众参与public participantion 112回收水系统water reuse system 113绿化用水greenbelt sprinkling 114自然沉降plain sedimentation 115过程水process water116未预见用水量unforeseen water demand 117絮凝沉淀coagulation sedimentation 118垃圾处理sewage disposal 119居民生活垃圾domestic sewage 居民生活污水 domestic water 120市政垃圾municipal sewage121水体自净self-purification of waterbodies 122一级处理primary treatment 二级处理secondary treatment 生物处理biological treatment123活性污泥处理activated sludge process 124污泥焚烧sludge incinerationThe answer to this question requires detailed analyse of local conditions and needs,application of scientific knowledge and engineering judgement based on past experience，and consideration of federal，state，and local regulations. 要解答这个问题首先需要详细的分析当地的实际情况和需求，其次需要应用科学知识和基于经验的工程决断，最后考虑联邦，州和当地法规。
In advanced treatment，additional combinations of unit operations and processes are used to remove residual suspended solids and other constituents that are not reduced significantly by conventional secondary treatment. 在高级处理中，额外的单元操作和单元过程结合在一起被用来除剩余的悬浮固体和在二级处理中不能被有效去除的其他成分。