英语笔译:文学文本的翻译
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翻译实践中,再现人物形象表现在两大方面:
①再现人物描写中生动逼真的细节,使“译文中的生活映像 的细节和原作中的生活映像的细节,是同一的东西。”
②再现不同社会文化语境下人物不同的时代“烙印”,使译 文保持着原文所具有的历史具体性。
e.g.
I didn’t give a damn how I looked. Nobody was around anyway. Everybody was in the sack… If I am on a train at night I can usually even read one of those dumb stories in a magazine without puking. You know. One of those stories with a lot of phony, lean-jawed guys named Linda or Marcia that are always lighting all the goddam David’s pipes for them.(The Catcher in the Rye)
3. 充分的环境描写
小说中的环境是指人物活动的历史背景、社会背景、自然环 境和具体生活场所。小说中的环境描写具有多方面的功能: 可以烘托人物性格,塑造人物形象。 可以交代人物身份,暗示人物性格,洞察人物心理。 有助于展示故事情节。 可以随时变换场景,为故事情节的展开提供自由灵活的时
空范围。 可以奠定作品的情感基调,具有象征等功能。
(六)抒情性
When You Are Old 一诗中,诗人采用了多种艺术表现手法。 文章通过深入剖析诗作中诗人所使用的艺术表现手法,诸如 假设想象、对比反衬、意象强调、象征升华,再现了诗人对 女友忠贞不渝的爱恋之情,揭示了现实中的爱情和理想中的 爱情之间不可弥合的距离。
小说的翻译
小说的基本特征
“Well, well, ” he said, with the same rugged smile. “What a nice surprise, ah … Jeanne.”
She smiled in return. “Don West, you haven’t changed a bit.”
And, besides, her name wasn’t Jeanne.
(四)修辞性
She glanced up now and his eyes were saying tender things.
(五)韵律感 When You Are Old
当你老了 头发白了 睡意昏沉
当你老了 走不动了 炉火旁打盹 回忆青春
1. 细致的人物刻画
描写人物是小说的显著特点,也是小说的灵魂。诗歌、散文 可以写人物也可以不写人物,但小说必须写人物。着重刻画 人物形象是小说走向成熟的标志。
2.完整的情节叙述
情节“是一种把事件设计成一个真正的故事的方法” 情节是按照因果关系组织起来的一系列事件。情节是小说生 动性的集中体现,与人物性格刻画密切相关,是人物性格发 展的历史。
TT should
translation method
informative
informative (representing objects and facts)
logical
expressive
operative
expressive
appellative
(expressing
(making an
关于文学一词的概念,古今中外都存在广义和狭义之分。广义的文 学泛指一切口头或书面作品。狭义的文学专指今日所谓文学,即所谓情 感的、虚构的或想象的作品,如诗歌、小说、戏剧、散文等。
但是现实中还存在一些难以归类而又被习惯性地看作文学的作品, 如传记、杂文、纪实文学、儿童文学等。有人将这种文学作品称为“惯 例的文学“。
transmit aesthetic form
‘identifying’ method, adopt perspective of ST author
appellative focused elicit desired response
‘adaptive’, equivalent effect
什么是文学翻译?
文学文本的语言特点
(三)讽刺性
She smiled in return. “Don West, you haven’t changed a bit.”
He settled back and studied her. “You do look different. You really have changed, Jeanne. But you’re lovelier, so much lovelier.”
It was true, a few pounds heavier, a little older, but the same Don West she had fallen in love with long ago --and never quite got over.
(二)含蓄性
“Jeanne,” he said. “Jeanne. You look good enough to eat.” He sighed and then frowned handsomely. “You don’t know how swell it is to see you. I’ve wondered so many times whatever became of you.”
译文一:“哦,亲爱的,你得知道,朗格太太说,租尼日斐 花园的是个阔少爷,他是英格兰内部的人;听说他星期一那 天,乘一辆驷马大轿车来看房子,看的非常中意,当场就和 莫里斯先生谈妥了;他要在米迦勒节以前搬进来,打算下个 周末先叫几个佣人来住。”(王科一 译)
译文二:“哼,告诉你吧,亲爱的,听朗格太太说,足下内 瑟菲尔德的是个年轻人,很有钱,原住在英格兰北边,星期 一他坐了辆驷马大轿车来看房子,中意得很,马上就与莫里 斯先生谈定了。他本人准备搬进来过米迦勒节,有几个仆人 下周末先住进来。”(张经浩 译)
文学文本的翻译
莱斯的文本类型(text type) 操作性文本(operative text) 信息性文本(informative text) 表达性文本(expressive text)
文本类型的特征及翻译方法
text type language function
language dimension text focus
二、人物塑造与翻译
人物形象塑造是小说创作的主要任务,其塑造过程往往呈现 出多角度同向审美感受的特点。具体来说,人物形象塑造不 仅体现在人物语言的言说个性中,也体现在叙述者对人物肖 像、行动、心理等的多维描写中,还体现在叙述者的讲述中, 不同角度的不同表现方式共同塑造出一个个形貌各异、多姿 多彩、生动鲜活的人物形象。
多少人曾爱你青春欢畅的时辰 爱慕你的美丽 假意或真心 只有一个人还爱你虔诚的灵魂 爱你苍老的脸上的皱纹
当你老了 眼眉低垂 灯火昏黄不定
风吹过来 你的Βιβλιοθήκη Baidu息 这就是我心里的歌
(五)韵律感 When you are old William Butler Yeats When you are old and grey and full of sleep, And nodding by the fire,take down this book, And slowly read, and dream of the soft look, Your eyes had once, and of their shadows deep;
How many loved your moments of glad grace, And loved your beauty with love false or true, But one man loved the pilgrim Soul in you And loved the sorrows of your changing face; And bending down beside the glowing bars, Murmur, a little sadly, how Love fled And paced upon the mountains overhead And hid his face amid a crowd of stars.
sender’s attitude) appeal to text
receiver)
aesthetic
dialogic
content-focused form-focused
transmit referential content
‘plain prose’ explication as required
e.g.
“Why, my dear, you must know, Mrs. Long says that Netherfiield is taken by a young man of large fortune from the north of England; that he came down on Monday in a chaise and four to see the place, and was so much delighted with it that he agreed Mr. Morris immediately; that he is to take possession before Michaelmas, and some of his servants are to be in the house by the end of next week.” (Jane Austin, Pride and Prejudice)
Only she wouldn’t be there at seven, mostly because she had never been to the ball at ’varsity. She had never even had a date with Don. He was the rugby hero admired from afar.
小说的翻译
一、人物语言个性的翻译
①人物语言要切合人物自己的社会地位、职业、修养、性别、 年龄等身份特征,符合其性格特点与思想观点。
②在特定环境下人物语言要表现人物特定的心理状态与个性 特点。即既要关注人物语言个性的“常态”,也要关注不同 于“常态”的“变异”表现。
③人物对话要彰显人物各自独特的表达方式和语气、语调, 避免“千人一腔”。
译文一:至于我变成一个什么样的怪相我一点也不管。好在 附近没有人,所有的人都睡到床上去了,如果我是在夜间坐 车,我通常能读完一篇这种杂志上面的低级故事而作呕的。 你知道的,这样的故事。有一篇其中出现不少名叫大卫的尖 下巴的骗子,还有一些名叫苓达和码琪的女骗子,他们老是 去替那些混帐东西的大卫们点他们的烟斗。(钱歌川 译)
She hesitated for a moment, about to say something, but then she changed her mind. He took her arm and steered her expertly towards the cocktail lounge. But then he always had done things expertly, particularly where women were concerned.
一般来说,就体裁而言,文学翻译是只对狭义文学作品和惯例文学 作品的翻译,即对主要文学体裁如诗歌、散文、小说、戏剧,以及文学 性较强的杂文、传记、儿童文学等的翻译。
文学文本的语言特点
(一)形象性
Don West had seen her wave and he came walking across the station toward her, a quizzical, surprised look on his tanned face.