循环系统病例分析
合集下载
相关主题
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
• P波、QRS波完整+PR间期>0.20秒=一度房室传 导阻滞 • PR间期逐渐延长+直至第1个QRS波脱漏+改善后 周而复始=二度Ⅰ型房室传导阻滞 • PR间期恒定+部分P波后无QRS波=二度Ⅱ型房室 传导阻滞 • P波与QRS波毫无关系+QRS波宽大畸形=三度房 室传导阻滞
(三)心脏骤停
• 意识突然丧失+呼吸断续至停止+皮肤发绀+瞳孔散 大+二便失禁=心脏骤停 • 意识突然丧失+急性发作后1小时内死亡=怀疑心脏 性猝死
(五)冠心病 • 中老年患者+吸烟史+胸痛3~5分钟+服用硝酸甘油缓解 +ST段水平下移=心绞痛 • 中老年患者+吸烟史+胸痛>30分钟+服用硝酸甘油不缓 解+ST段弓背抬高=心肌梗死
V1~V6广泛前壁心梗 V3~V5局限前壁心梗 Ⅰ、aVL 高侧壁心梗 V1~V3前间壁心梗 Ⅱ、Ⅲ、aVF下壁心梗 V5~V6、Ⅰ、aVL 前侧壁心梗
第三站
23
15
试题2
4
2 100 65
【病例分析模板】
(一) 诊断及诊断依据 1.初步诊断: 2.诊断依据:按症状、体征、各项支持诊断的辅助 检查顺序列出。 (二) 鉴别诊断(同系统或同症状)。 (三) 进一步检查。 (四) 治疗原则 可以归纳为一般治疗,内科治疗和外科治疗。
二、循环系统疾病
循环系统疾病
Physical examination • T 36.7ºC,P 68bpm,R 17bpm,BP 150/90mmHg.The patient is in Full development, good nutritional ,he is consciousness and clear speech , and cooperation to examination. Normal breath sound. No abnormal rales are heard. The heart rhythm is regular, heart rate is 72 bpm, no murmurs, The cordis sound is abated (减弱). His abdomen is soft , he has no tenderness and rebound tenderness, liver and spleen are not palpable.
disease
disease
循环系统疾病诊断公式
(一)心衰 • 颈静脉充盈+肝大和肝颈静脉反流征阳性+双下肢 水肿=右心衰 • 突发严重呼吸困难+咳粉红色泡沫痰+皮肤苍白+双 肺底干、湿罗音、喘鸣音=急性左心衰
(二)心律失常
•P波提前出现+QRS波形态正常+不完全代偿间 歇=房性期前收缩(房早)
• Laboratory tests: • ECG:ST-T abnormal.
Questions
• • • • 1.What is your primary diagnosis? 2.And your diagnosis basis? 3. What is your differential diagnosis? 4.If your diagnosis are right,what's your further examination? • 5.Give some treatment principle.
(六)心脏瓣膜病 主要瓣膜杂音 病名 出现时期 二狭 舒张期 主闭 舒张期 二闭 收缩期 主狭 收缩期
杂音性质 隆隆样 叹气样 吹风样 喷射样
心脏瓣膜听诊顺序及听诊部位
心脏瓣膜听诊区 听诊部位 ①二尖瓣区(M) 心尖区(心尖搏动最强点) ②肺动脉瓣区(P) 胸骨左缘第2肋间 ③主动脉瓣区(A) 胸骨右缘第2肋间 ④主动脉瓣第二听诊区(A) 胸骨左缘第3肋间 ⑤三尖瓣区(T) 胸骨左缘第4、5肋间
高血压患者心血管危险分层标准
危险因素和病史
Ⅰ:无其他危害因素 Ⅱ:1-2个危险因素 Ⅲ:≥3个危险因素 或靶器官损害或糖尿病 Ⅳ:并存临床情况
1级
低危 中危 高危 极高危
2级
中危 中危 高危 极高危
wk.baidu.com
3级
高危 极高危 极高危 极高危
SBP140-159或DBP90-99 SBP160-179或DBP100-109 SBP≥180或DBP≥110
• Past medical history: The patient has hypertensions for 3 years,the highest bp is 180/100mmHg,never had any medicine。 Heart disease for 20 years, no allelgic history of drug and food, no history of operation and injury, no history of tuberculosis contact. • Personal history: He had no hobby of alcohol or cigarette. • Family history: The patient denied the history of familial diseases.
(四)高血压 血压水平的定义和分类
类别 收缩压(mmHg) 正常血压 <120 正常高值 120~139 1级高血压(轻度) 140~159 2级高血压(中度) 160~179 3级高血压(重度) ≥180 单纯收缩期高血压 ≥140 舒张压(mmHg) <80 80~89 90~99 100~109 ≥110 <90
1.高血压病 2.心力衰竭 Hypertension Heart Failure
3.心律失常
4.冠心病
Arrhythmias
Coronary heart disease
5.瓣膜病
6.心肌病 7.肺心病 8.心包病
Valvular heart
Cardiomyopathy Cor Pulmonale Pericardial
•S1强弱不等、心律绝对不齐+脉搏短绌+ECG 示P波消失、代之以f波=房颤 •宽大畸形QRS波提前出现+无相关P波+完全代 偿间歇=室性期前收缩(室早)
•QRS-T波消失+大小不等的低小波(心率250~ 500次/分)=室颤 •青中年患者+阵发性心慌+突发突止+ECG(QRS 波室上型+未见明显P波)=阵发性室上速 •窦性心搏的PR间期短于0.12秒+某些导联PR间期 超过0.12秒、QRS波起始部粗钝+ST-T与QRS波 主波方向相反=预激综合征
• 3.What is your differential diagnosis?
• 1)Acute myocadial infarction
• 2) Intercostal neuralgia(肋间神经痛) • 3) cholecystalgia(胆绞痛)
• 4. If your diagnosis are right,what's your further examination?? • Answer: • 1) Electrocardiogram • 2)Coronary angiography or CTA • 3)Myocardial enzyme • 4) echocardiogram • 5)Abdominal ultrasound
T>38℃+ 心率>90次/分+呼吸>20次/分、PaCO2<
35mmHg+WBC>12×109/L=全身炎症反应综合征
全身炎症反应综合征+休克体征=感染性休克
三、循环系统病例分析
• Case1 • Name: LiuHui Age: 60 years old Sex: Female • Chief complaint: Paroxysmal pain ex-area in cardiac loop for five years, aggravated for half a month.
循环系统病例分析
临床学院
主要内容
一、病例分析与执业医师考试 二、循环系统疾病小结 三、循环系统疾病病例分析 四、练习题
一、病例分析与执业医师考试
执业医师实践技能考试(临床类别)一览表 考站 第一站 第二站 考试科目 病史采集 病例分析 体格检查 基本操作技能 心肺听诊 影像(X线) 试题1 试题2 试题1 试题2 试题3 心电图 医德医风 合计 试题1 分值(分) 15 22 20 20 4 4 2 2 2 3 37 40 11 15 13 11 考试时间 26 24
• 1.What is your primary diagnosis? • Answer:1)coronary heart disease angina(心绞痛)
2)Hypertension level 3 (
extremely high risk)
• 2.And your diagnosis basis? • Answer:1)Old female, paroxysmal pain in cardiac loop for five years.The pain last for 2-3 minutes, aggravated for half month, can be abated by rest. • 2) The patient has hypertensions for 3 years, the highest bp is 180/100mmHg,never had any medicine. • 3) Physical examination: BP 150/90mmHg • 4) ECG:ST-T abnormal
• Present history: 2 years ago ,the patient had retrosternal
pain after fast walking , stuffy pain ,located at the middle segment of the sternum, rest after about 3 ~ 5 minutes the pain gradually relieved. 20 days ago retrosternal stuffy pain appeared again after walking accompanied by sweat, pain significantly worse than before, the symptom remission after rest about 20 minutes. The attacks was frequently than before. 10 days ago, the patient was awareness suddenly on the way home, fall to the ground, urinary incontinence, the duration was unknown, without nausea vomiting, no physical activity dysfunction. After he wake up retrosternal pain was sustained accompanied by sweat, For further diagnosis and treatment he was sent to our hospital.
(七)炎症 • 青年+上感染症状+急性左心衰+心大+ST段水平压 低+血清肌钙蛋白、CK-MB↑+病毒抗体滴度↑=心 肌炎 • 心前区疼痛+心包摩擦音=纤维蛋白性心包炎(“ 干性心包炎”)
(八)休克
P↑、Bp↓+脉搏细速、四肢发凉=休克体征
出血+ P↑、Bp↓+四肢湿冷、脉压变小=失血性休克
左心衰+休克体征=心源性休克
• • • •
5.Give some treatment principle. 1)Rest,oxygen,salt limiting(限盐) 2)Control hypertention 3) Expanding drugs (扩血管药物)such as nitrate(硝酸酯类)
Case2
• Male, 80 years old. • Chief complaint: paroxysmal chest pain for 2 years , aggrevate for 20 days and syncope(昏 厥) 1 time.
• Present history: The patient has had paroxysmal pain ex-area in cardiac loop for five years . The pain last for 2-3 minutes , then disappeared . Half a month ago, the symptom aggravated . The pain is a stuffy pain(闷痛),locating behind the sternum , and spreading to the mandible(下颌),lasting for 5-10 minutes , it can be abated by rest . The pain attack after he walked for 50 meters . During the course , there is no cough, no sputum , no pant(喘 息). He came to our hospital for further therapy.