Mark Twain-mirror of America第一部分课文讲解
高英-Mark-Twain—Mirror-of-America原文+翻译+修辞
Mark Twain-the Mirror of America1 Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure. In-deed, this nation's best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. I found another Twain as well – one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.在大多数美国人的心目中，马克?吐温是位伟大作家，他描写了哈克?费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆?索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。
的确，这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。
但我发现还有另一个不同的马克?吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克?吐温，一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。
2 Tramp printer, river pilot , Confederate guerrilla, prospector, starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic: The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. He adopted his pen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days, signaling two fathoms (12 feet) of water -- a navigable depth. His popularity is attested by the fact that more than a score of his books remain in print, and translations are still read around the world.印刷工、领航员、邦联游击队员、淘金者、耽于幻想的乐天派、语言尖刻的讽刺家：马克?吐温原名塞缪尔?朗赫恩?克莱门斯，他一生之中有超过三分之一的时间浪迹美国各地，体验着美国的新生活，尔后便以作家和演说家的身分将他所感受到的这一切介绍给全世界。
Mark Twain-the mirror of America第一部分课文讲解
Guerrilla 游击队员 Prospector 淘金者 Reporter 记者
--The Civil War -- Gold Rush -- Westward Expansion
Correspondent 通信员 -- Europe, the Holy Land
Writer 作家
--Tom Sawyer’s innocence
❖ “patriotic”
shows his strong passion or love for his country, countrymen and natural scenery. ❖ “romantic”
个人物会永远活在读者心中,突出了马克吐温笔下的两个文学形象的永恒魅力.
❖ Idyllic cruise 诗情画意的旅程 Idyllic: a simple happy period of life, often in the country, or a scene from such a time. cruise: a sea voyage for pleasure, especially one on a large ship and lasting for s everal days or weeks.
❖ Here, it is a metaphor.
❖ It means a faithful representation or description of something (the USA).
❖Why does the author say that Mark Twain is the mirror of America?
❖ In-deed, this nation's best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined.
高级英语MarkTwain―MirrorofAmerica精品PPT课件
Book 1
Mark Twain — Mirror of America (Excerpts) By Noel Grove
外语教学与研究出版社 FOREIGN LANGUAGE TEACHING AND RESEARCH PRESS
Contents
➢Part One: Warm-up ➢Part Two: Background Information ➢Part Three: Text Appreciation ➢Part Four: Language Study ➢Part Five: Extension
All these supplied him with copious material which he used later for his best and most successful writings.
Ⅰ. About Mark Twain
Ⅱ. The American Civil War
4. Do you like the naughty but clever boy Tom in Tom Sawyer? What attracts you most while reading the
novel? 5. What is Mark Twain’s writing style?
Ⅳ. Learning Objectives
➢VII. The Mysterious Stranger ➢VIII. The Celebrated Jumping Frog
Ⅰ. About Mark Twain
Mark Twain Mark Twain was the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens (1835–1910), America’s most famous humorist and the author of popular and outstanding autobiographical works, travel books and novels.
高英第九课MirrorofAmerica课件
该作品的作者生平对于理解Mirror of America的创作背景非常重要，
需要了解作者的生平、创作理念以及与作品相关的个人经历。
03
Mirror of America内容解析
主题思想
主题思想
该文通过描述美国社会现象，揭示了美国文化的多元性 和开放性，同时也探讨了全球化对美国文化的影响。
主题思想分析
Mirror of America的创作背景
01
20世纪初的美国社会背景
Mirror of America创作于20世纪初，当时美国正经历着社会和文化的
巨变。
02
现代主义思潮的影响
Mirror of America体现了现代主义思潮的影响，强调个体经验、非理
性、自由联想和反传统等观念。
03
作者的生平与创作理念
高英第九课Mirror of America课件
目录
• 引言 • Mirror of America背景介绍 • Mirror of America内容解析 • 教学方法与技巧 • 课程实践与应用 • 总结与展望
01
引言
课程简介
01 课程名称
Mirror of America
02 适用对象
高中生及大学生
教师可以让学生扮演课文中的角色， 通过模拟对话或情境表演来加深对 课文的理解。
课堂展示
教师可以让学生准备PPT或其他形 式的展示，向全班同学介绍与课文 相关的内容，提高他们的自主学习 能力。
学习评估与反馈
课堂表现评估
教师需要观察学生在课堂上的表 现，包括他们的参与度、回答问 题的准确性和语言表达等，以便
写作素材
课件提供了丰富的写作素材，包括历史事件、文化背景和社会现象 等，帮助学生拓展写作思路和内容。
高级英语Lesson 6 Mark Twain课文翻译
Lesson 6 Mark Twain ---Mirror of America马克.吐温--美国的一面镜子(节选) 诺埃尔.格罗夫Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure. In-deed,this nation's best-loved author was every bit as ad-venturous,patriotic,romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined.I found another Twain as well–one who grew cynical,bitter,saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him,a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race,who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.在大多数美国人的心目中，马克•吐温是位伟大作家，他描写了哈克•费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆•索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。
的确，这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。
但我发现还有另一个不同的马克•吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克•吐温，一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。
Tramp printer,river pilot,Confederate guerrilla,prospector,starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic:The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life,digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer.He adopted his pen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days,signaling two fathoms (12feet)of water--a navigable depth.His popularity is attested by the fact that more than a score of his books remain in print,and translations are still read around the world.印刷工、领航员、邦联游击队员、淘金者、耽于幻想的乐天派、语言尖刻的讽刺家：马克•吐温原名塞缪尔•朗赫恩•克莱门斯，他一生之中有超过三分之一的时间浪迹美国各地，体验着美国的新生活，尔后便以作家和演说家的身分将他所感受到的这一切介绍给全世界。
(完整版)高英-Mark-Twain—Mirror-of-America原文+翻译+修辞
Mark Twain-the Mirror of America1 Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure. In-deed, this nation's best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. I found another Twain as well – one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.在大多数美国人的心目中，马克?吐温是位伟大作家，他描写了哈克?费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆?索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。
的确，这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。
但我发现还有另一个不同的马克?吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克?吐温，一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。
2 Tramp printer, river pilot , Confederate guerrilla, prospector, starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic: The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. He adopted his pen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days, signaling two fathoms (12 feet) of water -- a navigable depth. His popularity is attested by the fact that more than a score of his books remain in print, and translations are still read around the world.印刷工、领航员、邦联游击队员、淘金者、耽于幻想的乐天派、语言尖刻的讽刺家：马克?吐温原名塞缪尔?朗赫恩?克莱门斯，他一生之中有超过三分之一的时间浪迹美国各地，体验着美国的新生活，尔后便以作家和演说家的身分将他所感受到的这一切介绍给全世界。
高英一第九课 Mirror of America
• notation
• • • • • n.[U][C]记号,标记法 system of signs, symbols eg.Music has a special system of notation. 音乐有一套特殊的标记法。 He made a notation on the margin of the paper. 他在纸边上作了一个记录。
• entry
• [C]登记; 条目,词条 the act or result of writing sth down a list, as in an account of money or in a dictionary • (C)进入;[U]入场权;[C]入口处;[C]参赛的人(物)[S]参加比赛的名 单〔总(人)数〕 • eg. You mustn't drive into a street with a “No Entry” sign. • 你切勿把车驶进有“不得进入”标示的街道。 • I will wait for you at the entry. 我在入口处等你. • The entry of all expenditure is necessary. • 把一切开支入账是必要的。
• celebrated
• adj.著名的；声誉卓著的 • The celebrated violinist was mobbed by the audience. • 观众团团围住了这位著名的小提琴演奏家。
• 近义词
• famous著名的 renowned有名的 notable显著的 distinguished卓越的 great很好的 famed著名的 • noted著名的 well-known出名的 big-name大名鼎鼎的 venerable值得尊敬的
Mark-Twain---Mirror-of-America教学文案
setting/ background knowledge – Section 2. (Young Mark...that invented retreating.) early
4. Broke and discouraged, he accepted a job as reporter with the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise.
With no money and a frustrated feeling, he accepted a job as reporter with Territorial Enterprise in Virginia City, ...
4. Broke and discouraged, he accepted a job as reporter with the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise.
5. Mark Twain began digging his way to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist.
Mark-Twain---Mirror-ofAmerica
Structural Analysis
• Part 1: (the first para.) Introduction • Part 2: (Tramp printer...renew our edges.) His early life, his
高级英语Mark Twain- Mirror of Americappt课件
• spinal injuries 脊椎损伤
• meningitis [mɛnɪn`dʒaɪtɪs] n. 脑膜炎
• Meningitis is a serious infectious illness which affects your brain and spinal cord.
eg: She looked so haunted, I almost didn't recognize her. 她愁容满面，我差点儿没认 出她来。
.
8
pneumonia [nʊˈmonjə,njʊ-] n. [医]肺炎；急性肺炎
eg :She nearly died of pneumonia. 她差点儿死于肺炎。
• Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh . The moralizing of his earlier writing had been well padded with humor . Now the gloves came off with biting satire . 译文：这个曾经给全世界带 来欢笑的人自己却饱尝了人世间的不幸与 辛酸。他早期作品中的说教包着幽默的外 衣，可现在幽默却变成了辛辣的讽刺。
.
14
• to feed on/upon---to take as food
Rhetorical device: the personification of bitterness---to emphasize the suffering in his own life
Pad with humor---cover, stuff, fill with humor
mark twain mirror of america高级英语讲义 马克 美国的镜子
Who is Mark Twain?
• Mark Twain (pseudonym of Samuel Langhorne Clemens, 1835-1910), was an American writer, journalist and humorist, who won a worldwide audience for his stories of the youthful adventures of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn.
Mark Twain and the Barber
Objectives of Teaching:
1. To comprehend the whole text 2. To learn and master the vocabulary and expressions 3. To learn to paraphrase the difficult sentences 4. To understand the structure of the text 5. To appreciate the style and rhetoric of the passage.
II. Questions for Text Understanding
• 1. What is a biography? • 2. If you were asked to write a biography of sb., how are you going to arrange all the material available. What is the general way of writing a biography? • 3. What kind of language do you expect to encounter and why? • 4. What is the author's appraisal of Mark Twain?
Lesson 6 Mark Twain-Mirror of America ppt课件
1863.1.1 林肯颁布的《解放黑人奴隶宣言》(the Emancipation Proclamation)生效
1863.7.1 北方取得葛底斯堡大捷(Battle of Gettysburg)
位于北美洲中南部，干流发源于苏必利尔 湖（Lake Superior)的西侧，河口为墨西 哥湾，注入大西洋，南北纵贯美国，流域 面积占美国本土41%
Father of Waters 众何之父 Old Man’s River 老人河
ppt课件
5
The Sacramento Valley (萨克拉门托山谷)
位于萨克拉门托河流之上， 美国加利福尼亚州中部
1839年，从瑞士来的John Sutton 在此建立殖民地
1848年，当地发现黄金， 城市迅速发展； 1854年定 为州府；1863年设市；今 天也是y Land
The countries in the Middle East where the storied in the Bibles are based, and where Christians believe that Jesus Christ lived
美国西进运动，是指在北美殖民地时期开始的向西移民的活动和对西部 的开发，同时也是美国文化本土化的发展历程，始于18世纪末，终于 19世纪末20世纪初。运动虽然促进了美国经济的发展，但是，随着西 进运动的进行，大批印第安人遭到屠杀，幸存者被强行赶到更为荒凉的 “保留地”，消灭了众多的印第安文化。
ppt课件
ppt课件
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高级英语 Mark_Twain讲解
• idyllic平和美丽的，完美无瑕的: [i / ai] a simple happy period of life, often in the country
• an idyllic setting, holiday, marriage
III. Detailed study of the text:
• The fist paragraph is highlyrror of America
Part I (Para.1): It serves as an introduction of the whole text.
Part II(Para2-18): It provides his early life, his success and comments on his works.
• Mirror of A mirror reflects or reveals the truth of something America:
• or somebody.
• cruise乘船航行: A cruise is a holiday during which you travel on a ship and visit lots of places. When it is used as a verb, it means to move at a constant speed that is comfortable and unhurried.
Detailed study of the text: • cynic愤世嫉俗的人: n. a person who
believes that people do not do things for good, sincere or noble reasons, but only for their own advantage
Mark-Twain---Mirror-of-America教学文案
3. All would resurface in his books, together with the colorful language that he soaked up with a memory that seemed phonographic.
years of life on the Mississippi and as a Confederate guerrilla – Section 3. (He went west...best-seller.) On his way to success – Section 4. (At the age...renew our edges.) Comments on his best works.
Paraphrase:
1. A man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race. a man who became constantly preoccupied by the moral weaknesses of mankind
• California was made famous for organizing surprising businesses and developing them with great bravery and courage, without caring cost or result. And California keeps this fame until now. When she makes plans for a new surprise, the dull, solemn, dignified people in other parts of the States smile as usual and say: “Well, that's typical of California, that's just California style.”
The mirror of America解析
•马克· 吐温收到一封信。这是一位青年人写来的，他想向马克· 吐温请教成为大作家的 诀窍。信中说：“听说鱼含大量的磷质，而磷是有利于脑子的。看来要成为一个大作 家，一定要吃很多鱼吧？但不知道你究竟吃的什么？又吃了多少呢？”马克· 吐温回信 说“看来，你得吃一条鲸才行。
•
•
about "mark twain-mirror of America"
Mark Twain -Mirror of America
——王漫 宋盼 谭默然 黄洋 陶丹宇 郝萌星 熊均霞
1.About mark twain （黄洋）
马克吐温趣事
•一次马克吐温参加宴会，席间他对一位贵妇说：“夫人，你太美丽了！”不 料那妇人却说：“先生，可是遗憾得很，我不能用同样的话回答你。头脑灵 敏，言辞犀利的马克· 吐温笑着回答：“那没关系，你也可以像我一样说假话。 "
A. the exploration of Twain's personal life was put into the context of major events in the America historical period of his time, such as civil war, western Expansion, and gold Rush.
• 金矿被发现后，美国沸腾，世界震撼。近在咫尺的圣弗朗西斯 科首先感受到了淘金热的冲击，几乎所有的企业停止了营业， 海员把船只抛弃在了圣弗朗西斯科湾，士兵离开了营房，仆人 离开了主人，涌向金矿发源地，农民典押田宅，拓荒者卡垦荒 地，工人扔下工具，公务员离开写字台，甚至连传教士也离开 了布道所。这股热潮一直席卷到圣弗朗西斯科北部的俄勒冈及 南部的墨西哥。成千上万的淘金者使加利福尼亚人口猛增。并 且许多新近出现的城镇很快成为国际性的城市。 • 淘金热期间，由于人口的急剧增长，使得衣食住行变得陡然紧 张，特别是服务业的发展无法满足社会的需要。且1848-1851年 间，美国批发商品的价格指数847提高到1025，这些情况都反映 这次淘金热对美国西部及市场产生了深远的影响。 • 自1854年起，加利福尼亚的淘金热成下降趋势，黄金产值下降， 但整个采金业取向深度和广度发展。第二次采金热是50年代在 科罗拉多发现金矿至70年代在内华达发现金矿。这时采集矿种 增多，并因此使美国作为最大的产金国的地位一直保持到1898 年。同时，由于技术的发展使得商人、工业、企业家纷纷形成 采矿公司，并逐步控制了采矿区。
课文-6 Mark Twain--Mirror of America
Lesson Six Mark Twain --- Mirror of AmericaNoel Grove1 Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn’s idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer’s endless summer of freedom and adventure. In-deed, this nation’s best-loved author was every bit as ad-venturous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. I found another Twain as well –one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.2 Tramp printer, river pilot , Confederate guerrilla, prospector, starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic: The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. He adopted his pen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days, signaling two fathoms (12 feet) of water -- a navigable depth. His popularity is attested by thefact that more than a score of his books remain in print, and translations are still read around the world.3 The geographic core, in Twain’s early years, was the great valley of the Mississippi River, main artery of transportation in the young nation’s heart. Keelboats ，flatboats , and large rafts carried the first major commerce. Lumber, corn, tobacco, wheat, and furs moved downstream to the delta country; sugar, molasses, cotton, and whiskey t raveled north. In the 1850’s, before the climax of westward expansion, the vast basin drained three-quarters of the settled United States.4 Young Mark Twain entered that world in 1857 as a cub pilot on a steamboat. The cast of characters set before him in his new profession was rich and varied a cosmos. He participated abundantly in this life, listening to pilothouse talk of feuds, piracies, lynchings, medicine shows, and savage waterside slums. All would resurface in his books, together with the colorful language that he soaked up with a memory that seemed phonographic5 Steamboat decks teemed not only with the main current of pioneering humanity,but its flotsam of hustlers, gamblers, and thugs as well. From them all Mark Twain gained a keen perception of the human race, of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are. His four and a half years in the steamboat trade marked the real beginning of his education, and the most lasting part of it. In later life Twain acknowledged that the river had acquainted him with every possible type of human nature. Those acquaintanceships strengthened all his writing, but he never wrote better than when he wrote of the people a-long the great stream.6 When railroads began drying up the demand for steam-boat pilots and the Civil War halted commerce, Mark Twain left the river country. He tried soldiering for two weeks with a motley and of Confederate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy. Twain quit after deciding, “... I knew more about retreating than the man that invented retreating. “7 He went west by stagecoach and succumbed to the epidemic of gold and silver fever in Nevada’s Washoe region. For eight months he flirted with the colossal wealth available to the lucky and the persistent, and was rebuffed. Broke and discouraged, heaccepted a job as reporter with the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise, to literature’s enduring gratitude.8 From the discouragement of his mining failures, Mark Twain began digging his way to regional fame as a newspaper reporter and humorist. The instant riches of a mining strike would not be his in the reporting trade, but for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax. In the spring of 1864, less than two years after joining the Territorial Enterprise, he boarded the stagecoach for San Francisco, then and now a hotbed of hopeful young writers.9 Mark Twain honed and experimented with his new writing muscles, but he had to leave the city for a while because of some scathing columns he wrote. Attacks on the city government, concerning such issues as mistreatment of Chinese, so angered officials that he fled to the goldfields in the Sacramento Valley. His descriptions of the rough-country settlers there ring familiarly in modern world accustomed to trend setting on the West Coast. “It was a splendid population –for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home... It was that population that gave to Californiaa name for getting up astounding enterprises and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring and a recklessness of cost or consequences, which she bears unto this day – and when she projects a new surprise, the grave world smiles as usual, and says ‘Well, that is California all over.’”10 In the dreary winter of 1864-65 in Angels Camp, he kept a notebook. Scattered among notations about the weather and the tedious mining-camp meals lies an entry noting a story he had heard that day –an entry that would determine his course forever: “Coleman with his jumping frog – bet stranger $50 – stranger had no frog, and C. got him one –in the meantime stranger filled C.’s frog full of shot and he couldn’t jump. The stranger’s frog won.”11 Retold with his descriptive genius, the story was printed in newspapers across the United States and became known as “The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County.” Mark Twain’s national reputation was now well established as “the wild humorist of the Pacific slope.”12 Two years later the opportunity came for him to take a distinctly Americanlook at the Old World. In New York City the steamship Quaker City prepared to sail on a pleasure cruise to Europe and the Holy Land. For the first time, a sizable group of United States citizens planned to journey as tourists -- a milestone, of sorts, in a country’s development. Twain was assigned to accompany them, as correspondent 工for a California newspaper. If readers expected the usual glowing travelogue, they were sorely surprised.13 Unimpressed by the Sultan of Turk ey, for example, he reported, “... one could set a trap anywhere and catch a dozen abler men in a night.” Casually he debunked revered artists and art treasures, and took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land. Back home, more newspapers began printing his articles. America laughed with him. Upon his return to the States the book version of his travels, The Innocents Abroad, became an instant best-seller.14 At the age of 36 Twain settled in Hartford, Connecticut. His best books were published while he lived there.15 As early as 1870 Twain had experimented with a story about the boyhoodadventures of a lad he named Billy Rogers. Two years later, he changed the name to Tom, and began shaping his adventures into a stage play. Not until 1874 did the story begin developing in ear nest. After publication in 1876, Tom Sawyer quickly became a classic tale of American boyhood. Tom’s mischievous daring, ingenuity , and the sweet innocence of his affection for Becky Thatcher are almost as sure to be studied in American schools to-day as is the Declaration of Independence.16 Mark Twain’s own declaration of independence came from another character. Six chapters into Tom Sawyer, he drags in “the juvenile pariah of the village, Huckleberry Finn, son of the town drunka rd.” Fleeing a respectable life with the puritanical Widow Douglas, Huck protests to his friend, Tom Sawyer: “I’ve tried it, and it don’t work; it don’t work, Tom. It ain’t for me ... The widder eats by a bell; she goes to bed by a bell; she gits up by a bell –everything’s so awful reg’lar a body can’t stand it.”17 Nine years after Tom Sawyer swept the nation, Huck was given a life of his own, in a book often considered the best ever written about Americans. His raft flightdown the Mississippi with a runaway slave presents a moving panorama for exploration of American society.18 On the river, and especially with Huck Finn, Twain found the ultimate expression of escape from the pace he lived by and often deplored, from life’s regularities and the energy-sapping clamor for success.19 Mark Twain suggested that an ingredient was missing in the American ambition when he said: “What a robust people, what a nation of thinkers we might be, if we would only lay ourselves on the shelf occasionally and renew our edges.”20 Personal tragedy haunted his entire life, in the deaths of loved ones: his father, dying of pneumonia when Sam was 12; his brother Henry, killed by a steamboat explosion; the death of his son, Langdon, at 19 months. His eldest daughter, Susy, died of spinal meningitis, Mrs. Clemens succumbed to a heart attack in Florence, and youngest daughter., Jean, an epileptic, drowned in an upstairs bathtub .21 Bitterness fed on the man who had made the world laugh. The moralizing of his earlier writing had been well padded with humor. Now the gloves came off withbiting satire. He pretended to praise the U. S. military for the massacre of 600 Philippine Moros in the bowl of a volcanic, crater. In The Mysterious Stranger, he insisted that man drop his religious illusions and depend upon himself, not Providence, to make a better world.22 The last of his own illusions seemed to have crumbled near the end. Dictating his autobiography late in life, he commented with a crushing sense of despair on men’s final release from earthly struggles: “... they vanish from a world where they were of no consequence; where they achieved nothing; where they were a mistake and a failure and a foolishness; where they have left no sign that they had existed –a world which will lament them a day and for-get them forever.”(from National Geographic, Sept., 1975)。
高英-Mark-Twain—Mirror-of-America原文+翻译+修辞
Mark Twain-the Mirror of America1 Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure. In-deed, this nation's best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined. I found another Twain as well – one who grew cynical, bitter, saddened by the profound personal tragedies life dealt him, a man who became obsessed with the frailties of the human race, who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.在大多数美国人的心目中，马克?吐温是位伟大作家，他描写了哈克?费恩永恒的童年时代中充满诗情画意的旅程和汤姆?索亚在漫长的夏日里自由自在历险探奇的故事。
的确，这位美国最受人喜爱的作家的探索精神、爱国热情、浪漫气质及幽默笔调都达到了登峰造极的程度。
但我发现还有另一个不同的马克?吐温——一个由于深受人生悲剧的打击而变得愤世嫉俗、尖酸刻薄的马克?吐温，一个为人类品质上的弱点而忧心忡忡、明显地看到前途是一片黑暗的人。
2 Tramp printer, river pilot , Confederate guerrilla, prospector, starry-eyed optimist, acid-tongued cynic: The man who became Mark Twain was born Samuel Langhorne Clemens and he ranged across the nation for more than a third of his life, digesting the new American experience before sharing it with the world as writer and lecturer. He adopted his pen name from the cry heard in his steamboat days, signaling two fathoms (12 feet) of water -- a navigable depth. His popularity is attested by the fact that more than a score of his books remain in print, and translations are still read around the world.印刷工、领航员、邦联游击队员、淘金者、耽于幻想的乐天派、语言尖刻的讽刺家：马克?吐温原名塞缪尔?朗赫恩?克莱门斯，他一生之中有超过三分之一的时间浪迹美国各地，体验着美国的新生活，尔后便以作家和演说家的身分将他所感受到的这一切介绍给全世界。
Mark Twain --- Mirror of America
The success as a writer gave Twain enough financial security to marry Olivia Langdon in 1870. They moved next year to Hartford. Twain continued to lecture in the United States and England. Between 1876 and 1884 he published several masterpieces, Tom Sawyer (1881) and The Prince And The Pauper (1881). Life On The Mississippi appeared in 1883 and Huckleberry Finn in 1884.
Objectives of Teaching:
1. 2.
3.
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To comprehend the whole text To lean and master the vocabulary and expressions To learn to paraphrase the difficult sentences To understand the structure of the text To appreciate the style and rhetoric of the passage.
III. Background Information:
A biography is, by definition, an account of someone's life that has been written by someone else. Or a written history of someone's life. Generally, a biography is about sb. who enjoys certain reputation, who has acquired certain fame by his / her success in certain area. The protagonist can be a positive or negative character.
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同义词区别: 同义词区别 wander, range, saunter, stroll
Range to travel without any definite plan or destination, a fairly literary use. Wander implies the absence of a fixed course or more or less indifference to a course that has been fixed or otherwise indicated. The term may imply the movement of a walker whether human or animal, but it may be used of anything capable of direction.漫游,徘徊 direction. , Saunter stresses a leisurely pace and in idle and carefree mind. 漫步,闲逛 Stroll differs from saunter chiefly in the implications of an objective, (as sight-seeing or exercise) pursued without haste and sometimes with wandering from one place to another.散步,漫步
Cynical 愤世嫉俗的
a cynic—denying the sincerity of people’s motives and actions; seeing no goodness in human behavior. having little faith in human sincerity or goodness. E.G. a cynical man / a cynical attitude / a cynical smile
Here, it is a metaphor. It means a faithful representation or description of something (the USA).
Why does the author say that Mark Twain is the mirror of America?
Mark Twain’s exciting, adventuresome life stories themselvcan history, and the life of ordinary American people.
His works mirror the real society of his time.
Profound: to emphasize that sth. is very great and intense 深度的,深远的 深度的,
E.G. His love/feeling for his country was profound.
deal: to give , to give out, to strike, to distribute给 distribute给
The whole sentence structure: parallelism. remember…as … e.g.鲁迅创造了阿Q, 这是大多数的中国人所熟知的. Most Chinese people remember Luxun as the father of Ah Qu. Father: metaphor, here means the creator or the author. cruise through eternal boyhood：journey through lasting boyhood ： endless summer of freedom and adventure：long summer full of free and ： adventurous activities Eternal & Endless: hyperbole夸张,这两个词说明哈克贝利费恩和汤姆索亚两 个人物会永远活在读者心中,突出了马克吐温笔下的两个文学形象的永恒魅力. Idyllic cruise 诗情画意的旅程 Idyllic: a simple happy period of life, often in the country, or a scene from such a time. cruise: a sea voyage for pleasure, especially one on a large ship and lasting for s everal days or weeks.
Mark Twain: Samuel Langhorne Clemens
His Life ______ Historic Events of USA Tramp printer 印刷工 -- Prosperous River pilot 领航员 -- Mississippi River
Transcontinental Railroads Guerrilla 游击队员 Prospector 淘金者 Reporter 记者 Correspondent 通信员 Writer 作家 --The Civil War -- Gold Rush -- Westward Expansion -- Europe, the Holy Land --Tom Sawyer’s innocence Huck Finn’s experience
The assertion that Mark Twain is the mirror of America is made in two senses.
Second, his life experience furnished him with a wide knowledge of humanity, as well as with the perfect grasp of local customs and speech, which Mark Twain has manifested so well in his writing.
In-deed, this nation's best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imagined.
every bit as… as :just as…as, quite as…as 完全，同样的 e.g. He is every bit as clever as you are.
Most Americans remember Mark Twain as the father of Huck Finn's idyllic cruise through eternal boyhood and Tom Sawyer's endless summer of freedom and adventure.
Adventurous Patriotic Romantic Humorous
Do they have deep meanings apart from their literal meanings?
Further understanding of these adjectives
“Adventurous” Mark Twain liked to try something new, like a new life, a new place and new writing skills and so on. “patriotic” shows his strong passion or love for his country, countrymen and natural scenery. “romantic” idealistic ,emotional and artistic. “humorous” he made people laugh, brought them fun and joy, his writing is full of witty languages.
tramp:流浪汉 流浪汉 a person who has no home or permanent job and very little money guerrilla 游击队员 a member of an unofficial fight group which attacks the enemy in small groups unexpectedly. Starry-eyed optimist 耽于幻象的乐天派 a person disposed to take a favorable of view of things acid-tongued cynic 语言尖刻的讽刺家 a person who believes the worst about people or the outcome of events range across 浪迹 to travel without any definite plan or destination, a fairly literary use.
Mark Twain --- Mirror of America
Para 1~3 Text Analysis
Made by: Chanel Luo
Mirror of America
“Mirror ”
Is a piece of glass or other shinny/polished surface that reflects images.
deal sb. a blow… to cause sb. great difficulties He dealt me a hard blow on the chin.