词汇衔接的实例分析

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词汇衔接在大学英语四级范文中的实例分析

下面的例子是2010年6月大学英语四级真题范文,写作题目为Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling,作文框架为:1. 如今不少学生在英语学习中不重视拼写;2. 出现这种现象的原因是…;3. 为了改变这种状况,我认为…. 参考范文:

Due Attention Should Be Given To Spelling

Nowadays, students attach less importance to the spelling of words in the process of English study. This phenomenon greatly influences students’ writing and brings on worries among teachers.

There are possibly three reasons contributing to this phenomenon. First, exam-oriented education makes the students pay less attention to spelling. Second, some teachers should also be responsible for it because they don’t emphasize the importance of spelling during teaching. Last but not least, some students are too lazy to recite words.

Since spelling is one of the most important factors in English study, due attention should be given to it. As for me, I think, first, exams should be modified to add some factors into it, which would help students pay more attention to spelling. Then, schools should also set effective mechanisms to help teachers as well as the students to realize the importance. Finally, for students themselves, they can, through other ways, make them be interested in word spelling. Only by these can we surly realize the importance of spelling and make improvement.

该作文属小型的议论文范畴,也是四级最常考的体裁;从命题类型来看,该题目属于“问题解决型”,走的是传统题型的路线,考察的是大学生群体在学习英语过程当中最常见的拼写问题,要求学生分析原因并提出有效的建议措施。根据要求和总体构思,将作文写成三段式文体。

第一段总起说明现在在学生中间存在着忽视英语单词拼写的现象,这种现象给学生的写作带来了很大的问题和影响从而引起了老师们的担忧。段中用了(1)students -attach less importance to-spelling of words-English study, (2) This phenomenon-influences students’ writing-brings on -worries-teachers两条共现词汇链,其中students -students’为复现关系;一个前指照应This phenomenon ;和对立关系词项students -. Teachers,围绕此段主题展开说明,简单明了,词项衔接紧密, 连贯性强。

第二段首句与第一段最后一句通过复现this phenomenon形成衔接纽带,衔接紧密,自然连贯。整段话用了(1)reasons -contributing to-this phenomenon.(2)First-exam-oriented education-makes -students-pay less attention to -spelling (3) Second-some teachers -responsible -because -they-don’t emphasize -timportance of spelling-teaching (4) Last but not least-some students-lazy-recite四条共现词汇链,词汇链(1)总起说明产生这种现象的原因,词汇链(2)、(3)和(4)分别展开说明三个方面的具体原因,词汇链(3)和(2)中的衔接纽带spelling-it,词汇链(2)中的信息纽带some teachers-because -they以及表示列举语义关系的逻辑联系语 First…;Second…;Last but not least…的使用,使得文章条理清晰,句与句之间衔接紧凑,连贯性强,主题明确。

第三段根据第二段的原因有针对性地列出解决问题的几个方法,即从考试入手让学生注重拼写,还有就是学校应当建立体制让老师和学生都认识到拼写的重要性,最后是学生自己也要通过各种途径发现拼写单词的乐趣等等。该段使用了五条共现词汇链:(1)spelling-important factors-English study-due attention-be given (2)first-exams-modified -add -some factors-help-spelling(3)Then-schools-set -effective mechanisms -realize-importance(4)Finally-students -other ways-interested i-word spelling(5)realize -importance-make improvement。首句通过复现上文中的spelling使上下文内容衔接,又通过衔接纽带spelling-it使该句前后衔接。共现词汇链(1)中的关键词引出后面三种不同的解决方法,共现词汇链(3)中表示关系对立的teachers-students的使用,说明老师和学生都应认识到拼写的重要性;共现词汇链(5)中通过these的前照应,使前后内容紧密衔接。共现词汇链以及语法和连接手段的使用,使整个段落层次清楚,衔接连贯,也使这篇文章圆满地画上句号。

由以上分析可以看出,词汇衔接手段,尤其是共现词汇链的合理使用,能使句子间衔接紧密。就篇章来说,词汇链的使用让整篇作文段与段之间层次分明,段落中心明确,表达清楚,主题明晰,加强了篇章的衔接与连贯。而这正是大学英语四级写作教学的弱项。因此,加强对词汇衔接尤其是利用词汇共现关系促进作文的衔接和连贯的教学是非常必要的。

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