青少年与同伴自我表露的特点及其与人格特质、亲密友谊和孤独感的关系

1.Validity and reliability analyses showed that the psychometric qualities oftheQuestionnaireofAdolescent Self-Disclosure with Peers wereacceptable. The topics thatadolescentsself-disclosure with peers contained seven dimensions:tastes and interests,studies,experiences in school,attitudes and opinions,body growth, parent-adolescent relationship and intimate friendship.
5、人格的外向性维度对青少年与三类不同同伴的自我表露均有显著的正向预测作用。青少年与最要好的同性朋友在观点态度、兴趣爱好和亲子关系上的自我表露对青少年与最要好的朋友的亲密友谊有显著的正向预测作用。青少年与三类不同伴的自我表露对个体孤独感有显著的预测作用。青少年与最要好的同性朋友在兴趣爱好上、与最要好的异性朋友在学习情况和亲密友谊上、与普通同学在兴趣爱好、亲子关系上的自我表露对孤独感有显著的预测作用。
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Finally,the issues that need further studying and the implications for adolescent self-disclosure practices had been proposed.
Key words:adolescents, self-disclosure, personality, intimate friendship, loneliness
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3.There existed significant differences in adolescent self-disclosure with different kinds of peers.The scores that girls self-disclosuredwithbest same-sex friends were significantly higher than those that boys did.There were significant grade and gender differences in adolescent self-disclosure with best same-sex friends and best opposite-sex friends.However,there were only significant grade differences in adolescent self-disclosure with average classmates.
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9.Extraversion could predict all the scoresthat adolescents self-disclosured with three kinds of peers.Adolescent self-disclosure with best same-sex friends,self-disclosure in tastes and interests,attitudes and opinions,parent-adolescent relationshipcould positively predict friendship quality.Adolescent self-disclosure withthree kinds offriends couldsignificantlypredict loneliness.Adolescent self-disclosure with best same-sex friends intastes and interests,with best opposite-sex friends in studies and intimate friendship,with average classmate in tastes and interests, parent-adolescent relationshipcould significantly predict loneliness.
硕士学位论文
论文题目：青少年与同伴自我表露的特点及其与人格特质、亲密友谊和孤独感的关系
作 者：蒋索
导 师：邹 泓教授
系别、年级：心理学院学院2003级
学科、专业：发展与教育心理学
完成日期：2006年5月
北京师范大学研究生院
北京师范大学位论文原创性声明
本人郑重声明：所呈交的学位论文，是本人在导师的指导下，独立进行研究工作所取得的成果。除文中已经注明引用的内容外，本论文不含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写过的作品成果。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律结果由本人承担。
1、自编的青少年与同伴自我表露主题分问卷具有心理测量学所认可的信效度。青少年与同伴自我表露的主题包括兴趣爱好、学习情况、学校经历、观点态度、身体发育、亲子关系和亲密友谊7个维度。
2、青少年与不同同伴（最要好的同性朋友、最要好的异性朋友和普通同学）的自我表露存在显著差异。女生与最要好的同性朋友的自我表露显著高于男生与最要好的同性朋友的自我表露。青少年与最要好的同性朋友以及最要好的异性朋友在不同主题上的自我表露存在显著的年级和性别差异，青少年与普通同学在不同主题上的自我表露只存在显著的年级效应。
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7.The main causes that adolescents were willing to self-disclousure with peers were communication with each other,understanding promotion,trust with each other,problem solving,and promotion of relationship foundation and development.There existed grade and gender differences.The main causes that adolescents were unwilling to self-disclousure with peers were being afraid of hurting others,being misunderstood,influencing relationship,and so on.Thereweren’tanygrade and gender differences
青少年与同伴自我表露的特点及其与人格特质、亲密友谊和孤独感的关系
自我表露是个体对他人表达情感、想法与观点的窗口。自我表露是儿童和青少年期友谊的重要特征之一。自我表露有利于青少年自身的发展和社会适应。本研究以青少年群体为研究对象，借助于探索性与验证性因素分析，探讨了青少年与同伴自我表露的主题，编制了信效度较为理想的我国青少年与同伴自我表露的测量工具，同时也对青少年与同伴自我表露的发展特点及其与人格特质、亲密友谊和孤独感的关系进行了考察。
3、青少年与同伴自我表露的方式多样化，其中选择最多的是QQ或msn，面对面的交谈被认为是最有效的自我表露方式。在最喜爱的自我表露方式的选择上存在显著的性别差异。
4、青少年愿意与同伴自我表露的主要原因有相互沟通，增进了解、彼此信任、解决问题、促进关系的建立和发展。青少年愿意与同伴自我表露的原因存在性别和年级差异。青少年不愿意与同伴自我表露的主要原因主要是害怕出言不慎，伤及对方、害怕被对方误会、害怕影响关系（关系破坏或中断）等。青少年不愿意与同伴自我表露的原因不存在性别和年级差异。
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摘要
自我表露是个体在交往过程中，将个人信息（包括想法、感受、个性、经历等）和对非个人信息的自身感受（包括对对方或其他人、事的评价、感受、看法等）以口头或其它形式直接表露给对方的行为过程。青少年与同伴的自我表露有利于其自身发展和社会适应。本研究主要采用青少年与同伴自我表露问卷（自编）、青少年孤独感、友谊质量和人格问卷，以温州市四所初高中的655名学生为被试，探讨了青少年与同伴自我表露的特点及其与人格特质、亲密友谊和孤独感的关系，得出以下结论：
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5.Adolescents tended to use kinds of self-disclosure methods with peers.They used QQor MSN most,but theythoughtthe most effective one was face-to-face communication.There were gender differences in favorite method chosen.
最后，提出了本研究对青少年自我表露能力培养和干预的启示，及存在的不足和进一步研究的方向。
关键词：青少年自我表露人格亲密友谊孤独感
The concept of the self-disclosure was defined as a behavior process that the speaker revealedimformation about himself such as ideas,feelings,personality,experiences and his own feelings,comments ,ideas about other persons and things in the means of face-to-facecommunicationand other formsdirectly. Self-disclosure with peers benefited for both adolescent physical andpsychologicaldevelopment and theirsocialadaptation. By using the self-designed Questionnaireof Adolescent Self-Disclosure with Peers,UCLA Loneliness Scale, Friendship Quality Questionaire and Five-Factors Personality Questionnaire,the present study explored the characteristics of adolescent self-discosure with peers and its relationship with personality trait,intimate friendship and loneliness.The formal subjects were 655 average middle school students ofWenzhoucity.Theresults were as follows: