chapter7动词

Helping Verbs (P160-163)
1. be, have, do (tense, voice, question) 2. shall, will, should, would 3 can, could, may, might, must 4 need, dare, ought to, have to,
c) transitive & intransitive verbs
• Some verbs can be both transitive and intransitive.
e.g.
• Michael Jackson sings. (vi.) • Michael Jackson sings a song. (vt.) • (More examples on page143) • 有些动词形式相近，但分属及物动词和不及物 动词，要特别注意他们之间的区别，例如：
set phrases
Four main types of set phrases: vt.+ adv.
• They are going to knock down those houses. • He is trying to bring about an agreement.
vt./vi.+ adv.+ prep. • I’m looking forward to the English Festival. • Very few experts come up with completely new ideas
examples
linking verbs
• It is cold. • The book is on chemistry. • As he waited, he became ( grew) impatient. • The soup smells sweet. • The music sounds beautiful.
a) transitive verbs （及物动词）
• A transitive verb must be followed by an object (object---n. gerund) . e.g. • Tom catches Jerry. • Tom gave Mary a book. • Did you read that novel? • Mr. Wu teaches us English grammar.
linking verbs 1. be + n./adj./prep. /pron./ participle (-ed, -ing)/clause /phrase 2. others + n. /adj. e.g.: He has turned traitor. • (Page 152-160)
linking verbs
irregular verbs
• • • • • • • 4. 三种形式都不相同 break—broke—broken eat—ate—eaten choose—chose—chosen grow— grew — grown ring— rang — rung wake— woke — woken
Put the following into passive voice.
• • • • • • • • 1.They are building a bridge over the river. A bridge is being built over the river. 2.They have broken into his house. His house has been broken into. 3.They made him work 12 hours a day. He was made to work 12 hours a day. 4. She didn’t like them to treat her as a child. She didn’t like to be treated as a child.
b) intransitive verbs (不及物动词)
• An intransitive verb cannot be followed by any object.
e.g.
• Tom smiles. • He runs very fast. • What happened? The baby screamed at me. • Don’t hesitate to come and visit me.
非谓语动词Non-finite Verbs
• • • • • • • • • 1. the infinitive 不定式 To see is to believe. I hope to see you soon. （宾语） Let me help you. （归纳不带to的动词） （let, make, see, hear, watch, notice, feel, listen to, look at, have等） 比较下面形式： You are free to go now. I am sorry to have given you so much trouble. She happened to be travelling in that area.
Helping verbs The child didn’t break the glass. They can offer me a good job. Notional verbs 实义动词 The child broke the glass. They offer me a good job.
modal verbs（情态动词）
• 有一定的意义，但意义不完整，不 能独立用作谓语 • shall, should, will, would, can, could, may, might, must, dare, need, ought to
EXAMPLES
model verbs
• 1. If you want to visit somebody, you should call him first. • 2. He can speak three languages. • 3. The child dare not go out at night. • Cf. The child doesn’t dare to go… • 4. We need remind them of the deadline of their papers.
动词的各种形式(P163)
• • • • 动词的四种主要形式？ 现在式/过去式/过去分词/现在分词 过去式和过去分词的构成 （规则动词）P164
g) irregular verbs (不规则动词)
• • • • • 1. 三种形式同形 cost--cost--cost hurt--hurt--hurt spread--spread--spread 其中，少数几个动词的过去式与过 去分词兼有两种形式 • knit--knit/knitted--knit/knitted • bet--bet/betted--bet/betted • 但：lie, hang等
e) linking verbs 系动词
• A linking verb must be followed by a predicative.
Frequently seen linking verbs: P152 (20个) 1. be 2. appear, become, get, sound, seem, remain 3. feel, taste, smell, look
• 有些与形容词连用的动词也起联 系动词的作用，如： • • • • blow open break loose prove correct stand quiet blush red grow red fall ill turn yellow
f) helping verbs— modal verbs, auxiliary verbs
Exercises
• 1. Dare you go to the Yinhe Tombs alone at B night? • A. Yes, I do. B. No, I dare not. • C. No, I don’t. D. Yes, I dare to • 2. Need we come tomorrow? B • A. No, you don’t need to B. Yes, you must C. Yes, you need D. No, you mustn’t
vi.+ adv.
• The war broke out in 1939. • At last the wild wind calmed down.
vi.+ prep.
• I ran across her in the library yesterday. • He tried on several jackets and finally picked out a blue one.
• lay（放） • raise（举，喂养）• set（放） • lie（躺） • rise（升） • sit（坐）
d) set phrases/phrasal verbs
Look. Look at me. Look after me.
set phrases
Four main types of set phrases:
• 1. They are cleaning the meeting room. • 2. The paper has been revised. • 3. She didn’t know the way to the railway station. • 4. What do you think of their suggestion? • 6. We’ll discuss this again sometime next week.