第四节英语写作之 平行结构

Excellent Parallel Structure in Classics
• I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough places will be made plain, and the crooked places will be made straight, and the glory of the Lord shall be revealed and all flesh shall see it together… • With this faith we will be able to work together, to pray together, to struggle together, to go to jail together, to stand up for freedom together, knowing that we will be free one day.
5. Clauses
• We are looking for engineers who can think logically, who can analyze carefully, and who can make decisions realistically. • The advantages of a table are that it can present numerical data more concisely than text can and that it can provide more detail than a graph can. • Although the car was highly rated and although the car was guaranteed, the engineer found many faults.
IV. Parallel Structure
1. Viruses carry either DNA or RNA, never both. 2. Either we go full speed ahead or we stop right here. 3. Clearly, neither serological tests nor virus isolation studies alone would have been adequate. 4. Some products appeal to more customers not by advertisements but by good qualities.
6. Sentences
• History became popular, and histories became alarmed. • Should scientists go into research, or should they teach, or should they work in industry?
2. Prepositions or Prepositional Phrases
• In matters of principle, stand like a rock; in matters of taste, swim with the current.(Thomas Jefferson) • Managers direct people at work, at home, and at play. • Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability. Their chief use for delight, is in privateness and retiring; for ornament, is in discourse; and for ability, is in the judgement, and disposition of business. (Francis Bacon)
Excellent Parallel Structure in Classics
• Let history say of us: These were golden years—when the American Revolution was reborn, when freedom gained new life, when America reached for her best. • —Ronald Reagan
实用英语写作
外语教研室 王松
IV. Parallel Structure
分析下列句子： 1. We are looking for engineers with realistic decision-making capabilities, who can think logically, and who have the ability to analyze situations carefully. R: It is important for engineers to think logically, to analyse carefully, and to make decisions realistically.
Excellent Parallel Structure in Classics
• Now is the time to make real the promises of democracy. Now is the time to rise from the dark and desolate valley of segregation to the sunlight path of racial justice. Now is the time to lift our nation from the q源自文库icksands of racial injustice to the solid rock of brotherhood. Now is the time to make justice a reality for all of God’s children… • I have a dream that one day every valley shall be exalted, and every hill and mountain shall be made low, the rough
Excellent Parallel Structure in Classics
• And so, my fellow Americans: ask not what your country can do for you; ask what you can do for your country. • My fellow citizens of the world: ask not what American will do for you, but what together we can do for the freedom of man. —John F. Kennedy
Excellent Parallel Structure in Classics
• It is for us, the living, rather to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to the cause for which they here gave the last full measure of devotion—that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain; that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom, and that the government of the people, by the people, and for the people, shall not perish from the earth. —Abraham Lincoln
3. Infinitives or Infinitive Phrases
• To walk in the rain and to swim in the lake are two of my greatest pleasures. • They decided to begin again: to begin hoping, to begin trying to change, to begin working toward a goal. • One ought, every day at least, to hear a little song, read a good poem, see a fine piture, and, if it were possible, to speak a few reasonable words. (Goethe)
IV. Parallel Structure
并列结构中的成分必须结构相同：名词与 名词相连，动词与动词相连，从句与从句 相连，动词相连时也必须以相同的形式连 接。 在平行句中常常使用成对的关联词 (correlatives)，例如：both…and, either…or…, not only…but also, neither…nor, not…but等。
IV. Parallel Structure
分析下列句子：
2. Popular exercises for men and women include aerobic dancing, weight lifters, and jogging. R：Popular exercises for men and women include aerobic dancing, weight lifting, and jogging.
IV. Parallel Structure
表达平行意义的语法结构有许多种，我们可 以使用词、短语或从句等来表达。 1. Words or Phrases 2. Prepositions or Prepositional Phrases 3. Infinitives or Infinitive Phrases 4. Gerunds or Gerundial Phrases 5. Clauses 6. Sentences
4. Gerunds or Gerundial Phrases • Writing is a skill like driving, typing, or cooking. • I spent the day cleaning the house, reading poetry, and putting my life in order. • Hiking and playing golf are my favorite hobbies.
1. Words or Phrases
• James is a man of creativity and consideration. • If you want to earn a satisfactory grade in the training program, you must be punctual, courteous, and conscientious. • English academic writing has good content, clear organization, and effective language.