独立主格状语从句关系

• 1.Tired after the trip, he soon fell asleep. • ＝Because he was tired after the trip, he soon fell asleep. • 2. Given more time, I would have worked out the problem. • =If I had been given more time, I would have worked out the problem.
（二）无动词独立主格结构
1. ________ no bus, we had to walk home. A. There was B. There being C. Because there being D. There were 2. _______, we all went swimming in high spirits. A. It being fine weather B. It fine weather C. It was fine weather D. It being a fine weather 3. ______, the hunter went into the forest. A. A gun on shoulder B. A gun was on his shoulder C. Gun on shoulder D. A gun being on shoulder 4. ; we had to put the meeting off. A. Because the manager was ill B. The manager being ill C. The manager was ill D. Being ill
• Being Sunday, you needn't go to school.
• 官员们都到齐了，宣布开会。 • 分词表示 • All the officials having arrived, the meeting was declared open. • 分词逻辑上的主语 • 时间状语从句： • After (when) all the officials had arrived, the meeting was declared open.
1.Tired after the trip, he soon fell asleep. 2.Given more time, I would have worked out the problem. 原因状语 条件状语 3.Lost in thought, he almost ran into a car. 4.The teacher came in, followed by 伴随状语 some students. 5.Seen from the hill, the city looks like 时间状语 a garden.
• After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下课后，学生很快离开了课室。
源自文库
• 2. 在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的 being（或having been）不能省略： • (1) 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如:It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是 星期天，我们去了做礼拜。
• 3. 用作原因状语 • An important lecture to be given tomorrow (=As an important lecture will be given tomorrow), the professor has to stay up late into the night. 因为明天要发表一个重 要的演讲，教授不得不熬夜到很晚。
3.Lost in thought, he almost ran into a car. =Because he was lost in thought, he almost ran into a car. 4.The teacher came in, followed by some students. =The teacher came in and he was
三、作条件状语
1、With time permitting, we’ll visit the Summer Palace. = Time permitting, we’ll visit the Summer Palace. 2、With the car going wrong, we’ll have to stop at the foot of the mountain. = The car going wrong, we’ll have to stop at the foot of the mountain.
Key points
1.With 复合结构
1.adj.
2.prep. phrase 3. adv.
with+ noun+
4.doing 5. done
Translation
1.工作做完了,他们很高兴.
6. to do
They felt happy with the work done.
2.甚至在冬天他喜欢睡觉开着窗子.
7. Is this the watch you wish _____?
A.to have repaired B. to repair it C. to have it repaired D. will be repaired 8. _____ many times, but he still couldn't understand it. A.Having been told B. Though he had been told
• 4. 独立主格结构没有所有格形式。如： • The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了，我们开始开会。 • 比较动名词复合结构： • The chief-editor’s arriving made us very surprised.
• 【2012全国】28. The party will be held in the garden, weather . • A. permitting B. to permit • C. permitted D. permit • 【答案】A
• 【2012北京】27. _______ with care, one tin will last for six weeks. • A. Use B. Using C. Used D. To use • 【答案】C
• All the work done, you can have a rest. • 分词逻辑上的主语 • =All the work is done and you can have a rest. • 所有的工作都完成了，你们可以休息了。
• 1.Being ill, he stayed at home. • As he was ill, he stayed at home. • 2.AS her mother was ill, she stayed at home. • Her mother being ill, She stayed at home
with复合结构的模式是：
with+名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
独立主格结构的模式是：
主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
无论with复合结构还是独立主格结构，都不可有 动词的谓语形式充当其中的逻辑谓语。如下例中 的was就必须去掉： He sat at the desk reading with a pen was in his right hand.
C. He was told
D. Having told
10.___with the size of the whole earth , the biggest ocean does not seem big at all. （04湖北）
A．Compare B．When comparing
C．Comparing D．When compared
• 2. All things _________, I think we ought to give the job to George. • A. considered B. considering C. to consider D. being considered
4.过去分词作状语
原因状语
He sleeps with the windows open even in winter.
3. 一个小男孩站在那儿,一丝不挂.
A little boy is standing there with nothing on.
with复合结构 与 独立主格结构 它们都可以在句中作原因状语、伴随状况状语、 条件状语、时间状语或结果状语用，一般也可以 相互转换。虽然它们的语法功能和意义相同，但 其结构形式和名称却不相同。
独立主格结构主要表示谓语动词发 生的时间、原因、条件或伴随情况 等，相当于一个状语从句或并列句。
• 1. 用作时间状语 • The work done (=After the work had been done), we went home. 工作完成后，我们 就回家了。
• 2. 用作条件状语 • Weather permitting (=If weather permits), they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow. 如果天气允许的话，他们将在明 天组织一次海滨小游。
• 4. 用作伴随状语 • He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head (=and his hands were crossed under his head).他躺在草地 上，两手交叉枕在脑后。
• 5. 表示补充说明 • A hunter came in, his face red with cold (=and his face was red with cold). 一个猎 人走了进来，他的脸冻得通红。 • We redoubled our efforts, each man working like two. 我们加倍努力，一个人干 两个人的活。
• 天气允许的话，我们去颐和园。 • 分词表示： • Weather permitting ,We'll go to the Summer Palace. • 分词逻辑上的主语 • 条件状语从句： • If weather permits , we'll go to the Summer Palace.
followed by some students.
5.Seen from the hill, the city looks like a garden. = When the city is seen from the hill, it looks like a garden.
He will not come unless invited. (作条件状语) Though told to stop, he kept on walking. (作让步状语) (作方式状语) I’m doing my homework as 过去分词作状语时，前面常有 requested. unless,when, if, while, though, as if 等 连词，这样就能使过去分词短语所表 示 的意思更加明确。
• 原因从句： • Because it is Sunday, you needn't go to shool. • 主语 主语 • It being Sunday, you needn't go to school. ( O) • 分词 逻辑上的主语 • （It being Sunday 构成独立格结构在句子 中作原因状语）