环境交叉科学

CHAPTER ONE Environmental Interrelationships环境交叉关系

Environmental issue and it’s solutions

环境问题，它的解决方案

Environmental science is an interdisciplinary field. 环境科学是一个跨学科领域。Because environmental disharmonies occur as a result of the interaction between humans and the natural world, we must include both when seeking solutions to environmental problems. 由于环境的不和谐发生所造成的人与人之间的互动和自然世界，我们必须既包括在寻求解决环境问题。It is important to have a historical perspective, appreciate economic and political realities, recognize the role of different social experiences and ethical backgrounds ,and integrate these with the science that describes the natural world and how we affect it. 重要的是有一个历史的角度来看，升值的经济和政治现实，承认的作用不同的社会经验和道德的背景，并把这些与科学，描述自然世界，以及我们如何影响到它。

Purpose of this Course

Environmental science is intended as a text for a one-semester, introductory course for students with a wide variety of career goals. 环境科学的目的是为文字，以一学期，介绍性课程，为学生在各种各样的职业目标。They will find it interesting and informative. 他们会发现很有趣，内容翔实。The central theme is interrelatedness .中部的主题是相互关联。No text of this nature can cover all issues in depth. 无文字的这种性质可以涵盖所有问题的深度。What we have done is to identify major issues and give appropriate examples that illustrate the complex interaction that are characteristic of all environmental problems. 我们所做的是找出主要问题，并给予适当的例子，说明复杂的相互作用的特点，所有的环境问题。

After reading this chapter, you should be able to:在阅读本章，你应该能够：

Understand why environmental problems are complex and interrelated.理解，为什么环境问题是复杂和相互关联的。Realize that environmental problems involve social, political, and economic issues, not just scientific issues.认识到，环境问题涉及社会，政治和经济问题，而不仅仅是科学的问题。

Understand that acceptable solutions to environmental problems are not often easy to achieve.理解，接受的解决环境问题是不是经常容易实现的。

Understand that all organisms have an impact on their surroundings.了解所有生物体产生影响及其周围地区。Understand what is meant by an ecosystem approach to environmental problem solving.了解什么是生态系统方法对环境问题的解决。

Recognize that different geographic regions have somewhat different environmental problems, but the process for resolving them is the same and involves compromise.认识到不同的地理区域有所不同的环境问题，但这一进程为解决这些问题是相同的，涉及的妥协。

The Field of Environmental Science该领域的环境科学

The Interrelated Nature of Environmental Problems 在相互关联的环境问题

An Ecosystem Approach生态系统方法

Regional Environmental Concerns区域环境问题

The Field of Environmental Science

Environment: the surrounding conditions that affect people and other organism. In a broader definition, environment is everything that affects an organism during its lifetime.

环境：周围的条件，影响人民和其他有机物。在更广泛的定义，环境就是一切，影响到一个有机体在其生命周期。

环境：与某一中心事物有关的周围事物，就是这个中心事物的环境。

Environmental Science: is an interdisciplinary area of study that includes both applied and theoretical aspects of human impact on the world. 环境科学：是一个跨学科的研究领域，其中包括两个应用和理论方面的人力上对世界的影响。