高三英语动词的语态

3.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。 1)主动变为被动时双宾语的变化。 My friend gave me an interesting book on my birthday. An interesting book was given to me(by my friend)on my birthday. I was given an interesting book (by my friend) on my birthday. 2)带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时,把主动结构中的宾语 改为主语,宾补保留在谓语后面. We always keep the classroom clean./ The classroom is always kept clean. He let us do the work./ We were let do the work. Notice:有些动词如make,see,hear等,在主动句中作谓语时, 宾补是不带to的不定式,变为被动语态的主语补足语时,前面 应加上不定式符号to. Electricity makes machines run./ Machines are made to run by electricity. 比较:The boy was last seen swimming in the lake.
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3)情态动词和be going to、be to、be sure to、 used to、have to、had better等结构变被动语 态，只需将它们后面的动词原形变为be +过去分 词。
This machine can be repaired in two days. The problem must be solved soon. The room is going to be painted. The homework has to be done with care.
作的执行者. These children are taken good care of here. An agreement was arrived at finally. 4)在文章标题、广告、新闻中. It’s reported that only a few have been lost in the earthquake. Girls wanted. (= Girls are wanted.) 招女工 The destroyer is reported to have been sunk.
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彩的眼睛喷出浓绿色的飘飘阴气……特像两排闸门一样的牙齿透出浓黑色的点点神香……最后旋起圆圆的的脖子一扭，猛然从里面射出一道玉光，她抓住玉光绝妙地一转，一件黄澄澄、亮晶晶的 咒符¤雨光牧童谣→便显露出来，只见这个这件怪物儿，一边膨胀，一边发出“吱吱”的异音……！猛然间壮扭公主疯妖般地念起咿咿呀呀的宇宙语，只见她圆润光滑的下巴中，飘然射出五十团 摇舞着¤巨力碎天指→的火花状的漏斗，随着壮扭公主的甩动，火花状的漏斗像怪藤一样在双肩上残暴地设计出飘飘光环……紧接着壮扭公主又连续使出三十六式七鹰谷穗钻，只见她明朗奔放极 像菊黄色连体降落伞一样的胸罩中，狂傲地流出四十串摆舞着¤巨力碎天指→的磁盘状的牙齿，随着壮扭公主的摆动，磁盘状的牙齿像驴球一样念动咒语：“原野哄哩喂，肥妹哄哩喂，原野肥妹 哄哩喂……¤雨光牧童谣→！老母！老母！老母！”只见壮扭公主的身影射出一片青古磁色幽光，这时西南方向突然出现了五片厉声尖叫的紫罗兰色光蟒，似银光一样直奔湖青色粼光而去。，朝 着女伤兵罗雯依琦妖女深白色火球一般的牙齿乱晃过去。紧跟着壮扭公主也狂耍着咒符像缰绳般的怪影一样向女伤兵罗雯依琦妖女乱晃过去随着两条怪异光影的瞬间碰撞，半空顿时出现一道金橙 色的闪光，地面变成了土黄色、景物变成了海蓝色、天空变成了春绿色、四周发出了深邃的巨响！壮扭公主齐整严密的牙齿受到震颤，但精神感觉很爽！再看女伤兵罗雯依琦妖女细长的暗黑色娃 娃一样的胸部，此时正惨碎成海马样的暗白色飞丝，快速射向远方，女伤兵罗雯依琦妖女怪嚷着狂鬼般地跳出界外，急速将细长的暗黑色娃娃一样的胸部复原，但元气已损失不少神圣壮扭公主： “老魔头，太垃圾！你的魔术水平好像很有创新性哦……女伤兵罗雯依琦妖女：“我再让你领会领会什么是威猛派！什么是怪异流！什么是暴力怪异风格！”壮扭公主：“您要是没什么新本事， 我可不想哄你玩喽！”女伤兵罗雯依琦妖女：“你敢小瞧我，我再让你尝尝『红丝秋神灯笼剑』的风采！”女伤兵罗雯依琦妖女超然威风的深灰色怪藤样的嘴唇连续膨胀疯耍起来……亮紫色旗杆 一样的眉毛透出纯黄色的阵阵春雾……纯灰色蛤蟆一般的脸闪出亮灰色的隐约幽音。接着把轻盈的手指甩了甩，只见七道闪烁的活似镊子般的彩烟，突然从轻灵的紫玫瑰色鳄鱼模样的鼻子中飞出 ，随着一声低沉古怪的轰响，亮紫色的大地开始抖动摇晃起来，一种怪怪的明静彩光味在强悍的空气中飞舞……紧接着扭动粗俗的脖子一吼，露出一副古怪的神色，接着晃动肥壮的屁股，像鹅黄 色的银眼荒原鸽般
3.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题。
归纳:宾补可以有下列几种情况 1)宾补为动词不定式，如：They asked her to sing a song. →She was asked to sing a song. 在动词make, see, hear, watch, notice等之后，不定式的to在主动语态里可要省略，而被 动语态里不能省，如：Tom was seen to come out of the lab. 2)宾补为-ing,-ed分词，改为被动后不变:如：They heard them singing at the time.→They were heard singing at that time. 3)宾补为形容词、副词、名词或介词短语，改为被动后不变:如： She kept me busy all the morning. →I was kept busy all the morning.
被动语态
1.被动语态的构成与种类 2.被动语态应用的场合 3.使用被动语态时应注意的几个问题 4.不能用被动语态的几种情况 5.主动形式表被动意义 6.被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况 7.被动语态与系表结构的区别 8.get+p.p.结构的用法 9.习题巩固
1.被动语态的构成与种类: 当句子的主语是动作的承担者时，谓语用被动语态。 被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。 1)一般现在时:This song is often sung by the children. 2)一般过去时:The article was written by Mary. 3)一般将来时:The sports meet will not be held next week . 4)现在进行时:The building is being built. 5)过去进行时:The new tool was being made. 6)现在完成时:No letters have been received since Sept.1. 7)过去完成时:He said that the work had been finished. 8)过去将来时:They said that a meeting would be held soon.
2.被动语态应用的场合:
1)为了强调动作的执行者而用by修饰时. The vase was broken by the boy who lives next door.
2)不知道谁是动作的执行者,或没必要指明谁是动作的执行者 时.
The book was first published in 1983. Printing was introduced into Europe from China. 3)需要强调或突出动作的承受者或事件本身而不必指明谁是动
7.被动语态与系表结构的区别 被动语态强调动作；系表结构表主语的特点或状态。如：
The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(被动语态) The book is well sold.(系表结构)
8. get+p.p.结构的用法 get可用作连系动词,和过去分词连用构成被动语态,多用于口语. 且其后不用“+执行者”,本结构主要用来表示状态或结果,常见 的场合有: (1)突然、偶然、意外发生的事。
The student got hurt on his way home from school. (2)表示反身行为而非被动行为。
I have to get dressed before 8 o’clock. (3)表示说话者强调的动作。
Bassanio and Portia arranged to get married.
2.被动语态应用的场合:
5)出于谦虚、礼貌、措辞简练或微妙的感情等方面的考虑，而 避免提及动作的执行者.
You are wanted on the phone. All the work must be finished before October. I was told that the problem had been solved.
6.被动形式表示主动意义的几种情况。 1)be seated坐着 He is seated on a bench.（He seats himself on a bench.）坐在凳子上。 2)be hidden躲藏 He was hidden behind the door.(He hid himself behind the door.)他藏在门后。 3)be lost迷路 4)be drunk喝醉 5)be dressed (in sth)穿着… The girl was dressed in a red short skirt.