(完整word版)托福阅读词汇题单词汇总情况TPO1-49
托福TPO1-34阅读词汇题完整汇总(电子版)
智课网TOEFL备考资料托福TPO1-34阅读词汇题完整汇总(电子版)摘要：托福TPO1-34阅读词汇题完整汇总(电子版)!新托福TPO阅读中，TPO阅读词汇题是重要托福阅读题型。
托福阅读词汇题做题需要考生掌握一定的词汇量和做题技巧，这样也可以帮助同学检验托福词汇的背诵效果，同学们快来巩固一下吧!托福 TPO1-34阅读词汇题完整汇总(电子版)! 新托福 TPO阅读中，TPO阅读词汇题是重要托福阅读题型。
托福阅读词汇题做题需要考生掌握一定的词汇量和做题技巧，这样也可以帮助同学检验托福词汇的背诵效果，同学们快来巩固一下吧!Paragraph 1: In the fourteenth century, a number of political developments cut Europe's overland trade routes to southern and eastern Asia, with which Europe had had important and highly profitable commercial ties since thetwelfth century. This development, coming as it did when the bottom had fallen out of the European economy, provided an impetus to a long-held desire to secure direct relations with the East by establishing a sea trade. Widely reported, if somewhat distrusted, accounts by figures like the famous traveler from Venice, Marco Polo, of the willingness of people in China to trade with Europeans and of the immensity of the wealth to be gained by such contact made the idea irresistible. Possibilities for trade seemed promising, but no hope existed for maintaining the traditional routes over land A new way had to be found. 【TPO17- Europe's Early Sea Trade with Asia】1. The word impetus in the passage is closest in meaning to○Return○Opportunity○Stimulus○ObstacleParagraph 3: At times, it is actually possible to watch the effects of natural selection in host-parasite relationships.For example, Australia during the 1940 s was overrun by hundreds of millions of European rabbits. The rabbits destroyed huge expanses of Australia and threatened the sheep and cattle industries. In 1950, myxoma virus, a parasite that affects rabbits, was deliberately introduced into Australia to control the rabbit population. Spread rapidly by mosquitoes, the virus devastated the rabbit population. The virus was less deadly to the offspring of surviving rabbits, however, and it caused less and less harm over the years. Apparently, genotypes (the genetic make-up of an organism)in the rabbit population were selected that were better able to resist the parasite. Meanwhile, the deadliest strains of the virus perished with their hosts as natural selection favored strains that could infect hosts but not kill them. Thus, natural selection stabilized this host-parasite relationship. 【TPO17- Symbiotic Relationships】4. The word devastated in the passage is closest in meaning to○ Influenced○ Infected○ strengthened○ destroyedParagraph 4: In contrast to parasitism, in commensalism, one partner benefits without significantly affecting the other. Few cases of absolute commensalism probably exist, because it is unlikely that one of the partners will be completely unaffected. Commensal associations sometimes involve one species' obtaining food that is inadvertently exposed by another. For instance, several kinds of birds feed on insects flushed out of the grass by grazing cattle. It is difficult to imagine how this could affect the cattle, but the relationship may help or hinder them in some way not yet recognized. 【TPO17- Symbiotic Relationships】7. The word inadvertently in the passage is closest in meaning to○Indefensibly○Substan tially○Unintentionally○Partially相关推荐:北美大学校园生活及学习常用词汇短语归纳托福写作常用短语WORD版汇总托福词汇常考词根大收录相关字搜索：托福TPO1-34阅读词汇题汇总。
tpo阅读单词
Canal 运河Surveyor 探勘员Outcorp露出地面的岩石Roam漫步Proceed 接下来做某事Meticulously 仔细的Quartz 石英Fauna 动物群Textile 纺织品Mill磨坊Exploit 开发利用Piston 活塞Pump 抽水机Cylinder 气缸Vacuum 真空Bellow 大声吼叫Eliminate 排除Subject 主题表现对象Caliber 素质Disdain鄙视Indeed 实际上Foster 培育，激励Marching legion 步兵Stark 单调的鲜明的赤裸裸的极端的Fixation 迷恋相当于obsession Extermination 灭绝Score 大量Gypsum 石膏Peculiarity 特点Crystalline 晶体的Cruise 巡游Invertebrate 无脊椎的Dome 穹顶Strait 海峡Precipitate 沉淀凝结引发Soluble 可溶的Cement 水泥Bond 纽带n粘合vPeculiar 奇怪的Monolithic巨大的Territorial 领土的Imperative 紧迫的；紧迫的事n Gravitas 庄严Be predisposed to 自然而然地不由自主地Subtlety 精巧nMight 魅力Speculative推断的Thrive 茁壮成长Genius 天才ingenious 精灵的心灵手巧的Furnace 熔炉Desiccation脱水Compromise 妥协；危及（及物动词）Legal tender 法币Pinpoint 精确的找到v 精确的adj. Necessitate 使成为必要Magnet 磁铁Shrine 圣殿Demise 死亡Cripple 严重压坏Metallic 金属的Consolidate 合并巩固加固Prospect 成功机会n 勘探vForage 搜寻vConfined 限制的cramped 局促的狭隘的Cramp 限制n钳制Bulky 笨重的Fringe 装饰……的边缘v 边界n非主流的a Alluvia 冲积层的Fecund 多产的Loam壤土Prairie草原Tempt 引诱Sterile 无菌的Depletion 耗尽nProliferation n激增Supersede 取代vDivert v 转移改道Presage 预示vPollen 花粉Flotation 发行股票花粉nVicinity 临近地区Disperse 散去传播Acre 英亩Knit 编织nTelltale n 告密者a 泄露秘密的Abrasion 擦伤处Tether= bind 拴捆Flourish 兴旺繁荣v Terrestrial 地球上的地面上的Clam 蛤蜊Dissolution n 解除Marrow 骨髓Canal 运河；道Pore 毛孔Marvelous 极好的令人惊讶的Volatile以发挥的不稳定的Constituent成分Lethal 致命的Fluctuation波动n Catastrophic灾难性的Delta 三角洲Excrete v 排泄分泌Exceeding非常Substrate底层Estuary 河口nTrap n陷阱湾Elevation 海拔高度Brackish 微咸的Nursery 温床托儿所Inhospitable 不友好的Reclamation开垦Smother 抑制vMow 割Herbicide除草剂Feasibility可行性Eradication根除扫除Pinhole 针孔Len滤镜Patent 获得专利Etch蚀刻Engrave雕刻vAuthenticity真实性Genuine 真的真实的Obsolete淘汰的退化的过期的Miniature微小的小型的微小模型Prolific多产的Destine指定vCoat覆盖Candid率直的Radical彻底的激进的基本的Impose 强加利用viPlummet堕落Crust 面包皮硬层Assortment各种各样n Constituent组成成分Droplet小滴Enigmatic神秘的费解的Perplex使困惑Condense凝结浓缩Pristine崭新的为触碰过的Distill 提炼Reside居住属于Configuration形状Husbandary农牧业Aboriginal土著的Antiquity古代古迹Indigenous当地的本土的土著的Figurative比喻义的Motif z主题装饰图案EngraveCoin 铸造创造vObscure使费解掩盖遮挡Counterexample 反例Fodder 饲料Horticulture园艺Reclaim 开垦拿回Graze 吃草grazing 吃草的～livestock Lease租用vnRadiant辐射的Dome 穹顶Upward 向上的Inhale 吸入Congestion拥挤充血nAllergy 过敏Respiratory 呼吸的Reflexive反身的Irritant刺激物Traumatic 受伤的外伤的不顺心的Expose to= subject to 受什么影响受什么限制处于什么的影响之下Desolate荒芜的荒凉的Bulge鼓起v nCrust 硬层Intermittently间隔地断断续续的Prominent 著名的显眼的Obliterate清除vSplash 飞溅Eject 喷射Liquefy 液化Propel 推Oar 桨Maritime海运的Elicit 引出Procure 设法获得Desert 逃离Supposition推测Starch 淀粉Secular 世俗的Mount 镶嵌vPatron赞助Sovereign君主至高无上的有主权的Clamour喧闹声呼喊Incise切开雕刻Syllable音节Wedge楔子Sledge 雪橇Aridity干旱Shed 脱落Burrow 挖掘挖洞Flap 震动～wingsConvection空气对流nDrain 为……排出流出。
托福tpo阅读高频词汇tpo extra 1
adj.生活机能学的
likewise
adv.同样地,也
majestically
adv.雄伟地,威严地,庄重地
disposal
n.处理,支配,排列
cluster
n.串,群,丛; v.丛生;成群;使聚集
magnitude
n.大小,光度,重要
nitrogen
n.氮
culminating
n.猛然落下;急躁;猛冲;鲁莽
embryo
n.胚胎;胚芽;胎儿
outpost
n.前哨,边区村落
panel
n.嵌板,座谈小组,仪表板v嵌镶板propellant
n.使推进之物,推进燃料,发射火药
adj.推进的
latitude
n.纬度;回旋余地,自由;纬度地区;曝光宽容
consensus
n.一致;舆论;合意;共识
incorporate
v.合并,具体表现,使组成公司;合并;组成公司;混合
adj.合并的,一体化的,公司组织的
deteriorate
v.使恶化;使退化;使下降;使堕落;恶化;退化;质量下降;堕落
absorb
v.吸收;使全神贯注;汲取,理解
托福36套词表汇总TPO extra 1
TPO-extra 1
hierarchical
adj.等级制度的;有统治权的;僧侣统治的;等级体系的
disruptive
adj.分裂性的,破裂的
feudal
adj.封建制度的,领地的,封地的
biotic
adj.关于生命的;生物的
coniferous
adj.结球果的
n.顶点;高潮的到达
urbanization
【TPO小站】托福阅读学科分类词汇
托福阅读分类词汇托福阅读：建筑学词汇architect 建筑师architecture 建筑学arch 拱形baroque style 巴洛克rococo style 洛可可pillar post 柱bar tendon 钢筋construction 建造icon 肖像，画像statue 雕像dam 坝tunnel 隧道pyramid 金字塔canyon、gorge 峡谷monument 纪念碑church 教堂abbey 教堂landmark 路标里程碑suspension bridge 悬浮桥beam 梁dome vault 穹顶granite 花岗岩collapse 坍塌magnificent 壮丽的reinforce 加强stable 稳定的absorber 减震器masterpiece 杰作名著skyscraper 摩天大楼sideways 侧面的erect 盖，树立peg 钉，栓sway 摇晃upright 垂直的vertical 垂直的wedge 三角木 storey 层 eave 屋檐watchtower 瞭望塔 staircase 楼梯 overhang 悬垂 roof 屋顶 trunk 树干 craftsman 工匠 column 圆柱 flex 弯曲 concept 概念 concrete 混凝土toughened glass 钢化玻璃 aerial view/bird eye view 鸟瞰图 symbol 象征statue\sculpture 雕塑 blueprint 蓝图1sketch 草图building orientation 建筑朝向 building structure 建筑结构 civil 土木water supply and drainage 给排水 plot plan 总图H.V.A.C (heating 、ventilation and a irconditioning) 采暖通风 electric power supply 电力供应 electric lighting 电气照明 telecommunication 电讯 instrument 仪表heat power supply 热力供应 civil architecture 民用建筑 piping 管道fire-prevention 防火aseismatic, quake-proof 防震 anti-corrosion 防腐 dump-proof 防潮 water-proof 防水dust-proof 防尘 rust-proof 防锈pedestrian volume 人流量 perspective drawing 透视图 wind load 风荷载 scheme, draft 方案 bearing wall 承重墙 balcony 阳台 marble 大理石 granite 花岗岩reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土 托福阅读：医学词汇1.microbe/bacteria/germ 细菌2.health and well-being 健康3.improper or unhealthy diet 不健康 的饮食4.artificial chemicals 人工化学品（添加 剂）5.poisonous 有毒的6.taste enhancer 味觉提高剂7.artificial sweetener 人工增甜剂8.protein 蛋白质9.fat 脂肪 10.mineral 矿物质 11.vitamin 维他命 12.ingredient 成分 13.vegetarian 素食主义者 14.overweight 超重 15.obesity 肥胖16.poor dietary habit 不良饮食习惯17.be on a diet 节食减肥 18.cut lifespan 减少寿命 19.proper nutrition 适当营养 20.maintain physical fitness 保持身体 健康21.calorie 卡路里222.high-calorie intake 高卡路里的摄入an 器官 24.heart 心 25.liver 肝 26.lung 肺 27.kidney 肾 28.cell 细胞，蜂窝 29.nerve 神经30.chronic illness 慢性病31.cut the risk of suffering…(heart attack) 降低患..风险 32.cancer 癌症33.hypertension —high blood pressure 高血压 34.heart attack 心脏病 35.diabetes 糖尿病 36.stroke 中风 37.asthma 哮喘38.pneumonia 肺炎 39.hepatitis 肝炎 40.influenza/flu 流感 41.immune system 免疫系统 42.lower the immune response 降低 免疫力43.sleeplessness/insomnia 失眠 44.foods low in fat and high in fibre低脂肪高纤维食物 45.cholesterol 胆固醇 46.metabolic 新陈代谢47.renew one’s energy 恢复精力 48.physical activity 体育活动 49.blood circulation 血液循环 50.prevalence of disease 疾病的流行托福阅读：动物学词汇 1. species 种类 n.2. degenerate 退化3. breed 物种，繁殖 n.v.4. food chain 食物链5. mammal 哺乳动物n.6. wild animal 野生动物7. living creature 生物8. mature 成熟a. v.9. immature 不成熟的 10. habitat 栖息地n. 11. inhabit 栖息于，居住在 12. evolve 进化v. 13. evolution 进化 14. instinct 本能n. 15. feature 特点16. ability —capacity 能力 17. reproduction 繁殖n. 18. appetite 食欲n. 19. digestion 消化n.20. offspring/ descendent 后代n. 21. grub 幼兽n.22. cub 幼兽323. predator 掠夺者n. 24. prey 被掠夺者n.25. migrate--migration 迁徙 26. aggression 侵略n. 27. hatch 孵化v. 28. hibernation 冬眠n. 29. chew 咀嚼v.30. biological diversity 生物多样性 31. visual and acoustic faculty 视觉和 听觉能力 32. sense 感官 33. hormone 荷尔蒙 34. intelligence 智慧 35. emotion 情感 36. joint 关节 37. limb 四肢38. cognition —recognition 认知，再认 知39. muscle 肌肉 40. nerve 神经 41. organ 器官42. vulnerable 易受伤害的 43. mate 交配 伙伴 44. gene 基因 45. insect 昆虫 46. aquaria 水族馆 47. marine 海洋的 48. life span 寿命 49. life expectancy 寿命 50. fur 皮毛 51. imitate v.模仿 52. mimicry n. 模仿 53. mimic adj. 模仿的 54. exist —existence 生存 55. extinct —extinction 灭绝 56. die out 灭绝57. endangered rare species 稀有濒危 物种58. identify rings 身份标志圈 59. pest 害虫 60. pesticide 杀虫剂 61. conservation 保护 62. mammal 哺乳动物 63. reindeer 驯鹿 64. rhinoceros 犀牛65. reptile 爬行动物；卑鄙的人 66. batrachia 无尾两栖类，蛙类 67. lizard 蜥蜴 68. chameleon 变色龙 69. crocodile 鳄鱼 70. turtle 海龟 71. dinosaur 恐龙 72. family 科 73. class 纲 74. order 目75. suborder 亚目 76. genus 种，类 77. spine 脊骨 478. toe 脚趾 79. bill 鸟嘴 80. beak 鸟嘴，喙 81. scale 鳞片；障眼物 82. grease 动物脂；脂肪 83. dolphin 海豚 84. plankton 浮游生物 85. mule 骡 86. donkey 驴 87. ox 牛 88. zebra 斑马 89.reindeer 驯鹿 90.giraffe 长颈鹿 91.camel 骆驼 92.puma 美洲豹 93.leopard 豹94.tiger 虎 95.squirrel 松鼠 96.eagle 鹰 97.snake 蛇 98.turtle 龟 99.cow 母牛 100.goose 鹅 101.swan 天鹅 102. oviparity 卵生 103. viviparity 胎生 托福阅读：考古学词汇 1.archeology 考古学 2.archeologist 考古学家 3.artifact 人造物品4.relic 遗物，遗迹；废墟，纪念物5.excavate 挖掘6.carve 刻，雕刻7.temple 庙8.kingdom/realm 王国 9.empire 王国10. emperor 国王 11. pharaoh 法老 12. the Niles 尼罗河 13. pyramid 金字塔 14. statue 雕像 15. chart 绘图 16. skull 头脑；头骨 17. antique 古物，古董18. antiquity 古代，古老，古代的文物19. offspring/descendent 后代 20. warship 祭拜 21. site 地址、遗址 22. exhume 掘出 23. unearth 发掘，发现 24. scoop 汲取；挖掘 25. indigenous 当地人 26. dwelling 住所 27. dweller 居民 28. savages 野蛮人29. disclosure 揭露 530. remains 残余；遗迹 31. remnant 残余；遗迹 32. remainder 残余，剩余物 33. residue 残余34. primitive 原始的，最初的 35. prehistoric 史前的，陈旧的 36. archaic 古老的，陈旧的 37. medieval 中世纪的，仿中世纪 的；老式的38. originate 起源，发生39. excavation 挖掘，发掘；挖掘成 的洞；出土文物 40. vestige 遗迹，痕迹 41. trace 痕迹，踪迹 42. primordial 原始的 43. primeval 原始的44. chronological 按年代顺序排列的45. Paleolithic 旧石器时代的 46. Mesolithic 中石器时代 47. Neolithic 新石器时代48. invaluable 无价的，价值无法衡量的49. precious 宝贵的，贵重的 托福阅读：人类文明词汇 1.civilization 文明 2.ancient 古老的 3.artifact 人工制品 4.indigenous 当地的 5.customs 风俗 6.dweller 居民，土著人 7.antique 古老的，古董 8.tribe 部落9.folklore/folktale 民间传说 10. folkway 社会风俗 11. sociology 社会学 12. urban 城市的 13. urbanization 都市化14. rural 乡下的，田园的 15 migration 迁徙 16. immigration 移民 17. community 社会 18. ethics 伦理学19. metropolitan 大都市的 20. convention 传统21. patriarchic 家长的，族长的 22. institutionalize 使制度化 23. polygamous 一夫多妻的，一妻多 夫的24. clan 宗族 25. matrimony 婚礼 托福阅读：地理学词汇 1.location---locate 地点 2.North Pole 北极 3.South Pole 南极 4.Antarctic 南极的 65.Arctic 北极的6.globe 地球，地球仪7.global 全球的8.the Pacific Ocean 太平洋 9.the Atlantic Ocean 大西洋 10.the Arctic Ocean 北冰洋 11.Oceanica 大洋洲 12.continent 大陆 13.height 高度 14.hemisphere 半球15.the Northern Hemisphere 北半球16.equator 赤道 17.horizon 地平线 18.tropical 热带的 19.subtropical 亚热带的 20.altitude 海拔 titude 纬度 22.longitude 经度 23.day length 白昼长度24.environmental conservation 环境 保护25.ecological balance 生态平衡 26.global warming 全球变暖 27.existence —exist 存在 28.extinction —extinct 灭绝 29.environmental issues 环境问题 30.global warming 全球变暖 31.greenhouse effect 温室效应 32.soil erosion--erode 水土流失、侵蚀33.acid rain 酸雨34.climate change 气候变化 35.deforestation 滥砍滥伐 36.air contamination 空气污染 37.air pollution 空气污染 38.water supply 水供给 39.hurricane 飓风 40.typhoon 台风41.El Nino 厄尔尼诺 42.earthquake 地震 43.volcano 火山 44.storm 暴风雨 45.thunder 打雷 46.lightening 闪电47.indigenous 当地的，本土的 48.human activity 人类活动 49.dweller 居民，村民 50.ecosystem 生态系统 51.humid 潮湿的 52.humidity 湿度 53.moisture 潮湿 54.rainfall 降雨量 55.fog 雾 56.frost 霜 57.hurricane 飓风 58.typhoon 台风 59.shower 雷阵雨 60.air pressure 气压61.axis 地轴 762.magnetic field 磁场63.deterioration of environment 环境 恶化64.avalanche 雪崩 65.mirage 海市蜃楼 66.innate 先天的，天生的 67.scenic 风景优美的 68.spectacle 奇观，景象 69.jungle 丛林 70.shrub 灌木丛 71.plateau 高地，高原 72.scenery 景色ndscape 风景，山水画；地形；前景74.plain 平原，草原75.iceberg 冰山；冷冰冰的人 76.mountain 山，山脉77.glacier 冰河78.deglaciation 冰川的消失 79.valley （山）谷，流域 80.peak 山顶 81.range 山脉 82.coast 海岸；滑坡 83.altitude 高度，海拔 84.watercourse 水道，河道 85.ethography 人种学 86.cosmography 宇宙志 87.geology 地质学，地质概况 88.oceanography 海洋学 89.vegetation 植被 90.continent 大陆，陆地 91.archipelago 群岛 92.peninsula 半岛 93.meadow 草地，牧场 94.valley （山）谷，流域 95.swamp 沼泽，湿地 goon 泻湖，礁湖97.moorland 沼泽地 98.desert 沙漠 99.dune 沙丘100.oasis （沙漠中的）绿洲 101.savanna 热带大草原 102.tundra 苔原，冻土地带 pass 罗盘104.meridian 子午线；正午 105.parallel 纬线106.longitude 经度，经线 titude 纬度 108.equator 赤道109.zenith 顶点，顶峰，天顶 110.inlet 小岛 111.gulf 海湾 112.cliff 悬崖，绝壁 113.sandbank 沙洲，沙丘 114.tempest 暴风雨 115.seaquake 海震，海啸 116.estuary 入海口117.torrent 急流，洪流 118.tributary 支流；支流的 119.confluent 汇合的 120.canal 运河 121.range 山脉 122.massif 群山，高地 123.crevice 裂缝 124.plateau 高原125.marine 海的；海上的；近海的 126.moist 湿润的，多雨的 127.ebb 退潮；衰落； 潮退，衰退 128.terrestrial 陆地 129.endemic 地方性的 130.subterranean 地下的 131.cavern 大山洞，大洞穴 132.Antarctic 南极的，南极地带的 133.Antarctica 南极洲 134.coastland 沿海岸地区 135.hemisphere 半球136.contour 轮廓，外形；海岸线137.lowland 低地，苏格兰低地； 138.navigation 航海 139.salinity 盐分，盐度140.elevation 高地；正面图；海拔 141.formation 形成，构成 142.geothermic 地热的143.tropic （天球的）回归线；热带 144.temperate 温和的 145.volcanic 火山的，像火山的 146.eruption 爆发147.outburst （火山，感情等）爆发， 喷出148.squirt 喷出149.magma （有机物或矿物的）稀 糊，岩浆150.fault 产生断层；断裂 151.crust 地壳 yer 层；阶层 153.lithosphere 岩石圈 154.lithogenous 岩成的155.mantle 地幔 156.stratum 地层 157.caraclysm 地震158.calamity 灾难，不幸事件 159.debacle 泛滥的洪水 160.deluge 洪水，大雨；使泛 滥，压倒161.magnitude 震级 162.seismology 地震学 163.seismic 地震的 164.earthquake 地震 165.tremor 震动，颤动 166.iceberg 冰山 167.glacier 冰河，冰川 168.diamond 钻石 169.crater 火山口；弹坑 170.core 果核；中心，核心 171.aluminum 铝172.geology 地质学，地质概况9173.petrify 石化；吓呆 174.fossil 化石 175.sediment 沉淀物 176.ore 矿石177.mineral 矿物，矿石 178.bonanza 富矿带 179.ruby 红宝石 va 熔岩，火山岩 181.limestone 石灰石 182.granite 花岗岩 183.emerald 绿宝石 184.fieldstone 散石，大卵石 185.gem 宝石，珍宝，精华；被 喜爱的人186.marble 大理石 187.pit 煤矿 188.borehole 钻孔 189.vein 矿脉。
托福TPO1-50词汇题合集
目录TPO1 (3)TPO2 (4)TPO3 (6)TPO4 (7)TPO5 (9)TPO6 (10)TPO7 (12)TPO8 (14)TPO9 (15)TPO10 (17)TPO11 (19)TPO12 (20)TPO13 (22)TPO14 (23)TPO15 (25)TPO16 (27)TPO17 (28)TPO18 (30)TPO19 (31)TPO20 (33)TPO21 (35)TPO22 (36)TPO23 (38)TPO24 (40)TPO25-30 (41)TPO31 (50)TPO32 (52)TPO33 (54)TPO34 (55)TPO35 (57)TPO36 (59)TPO37 (61)TPO38 (63)TPO39 (65)TPO40 (66)TPO41 (68)TPO42 (69)TPO43 (70)TPO44 (72)TPO45 (74)TPO46 (75)TPO47 (77)TPO48 (78)TPO49 (80)TPO50 (81)TPO51-53 (83)TPO11.The word“incredible”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○confusing○comforting○unbelievable○interesting2.The phrase“out of sight”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○far away○hidden○partly visible○discovered3.The word“overlie”in the passage is closest in meaning to○cover○change○separate○surround4.The phrase“so much for”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○that is enough about○now let us turn to○of greater concern are○this is related to5.The word“plugged”in the passage is closet in meaning to○washed○dragged○filled up○soaked through6.The word“championed”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○changed○debated○created○supported7.The word“attributes”in the passage is closest in meaning to○ascribes○leaves○limits○contrasts8.The word“autonomous”in the passage is closest in meaning to○artistic○important○independent○established9.The word“penchant”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○compromise○inclination○tradition○respect10.The word“dramatic”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○gradual○complex○visible○striking11.The word“attain”in the passage is closest in meaning to○require○resist○achieve○endure12.The word“prone”in the passage is closest in meaning to○adapted○likely○difficult○resistantTPO213.The word“precious”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○exact○scarce○valuable○initial14.The word“exposed”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○explained○visible○identified○located15.The word“propulsion”in the passage is closest in meaning to○staying afloat○changing direction○decreasing weight○moving forward16.The word“threatened”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○restricted○endangered○prevented○rejected17.The word“delicate”in the passage is closest in meaning to○fragile○predictable○complex○valuable18.The word“progressively”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○openly○impressively○objectively○increasingly19.The phrase“devoid”of in the passage is closest in meaning to ○consisting of○hidden by○except for○lacking in20.The word“readily”in the passage is closest in meaning to○frequently○easily○intelligently○obviously21.The word“assistance”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○criticism○leadership○help○approval22.The word“expanded”in the passage is closest in meaning to○was enlarged○was improved○was varied○was rejectedTPO323.The word“feasible”in the passage is closet in meaning to○in existence○without question○achievable○most likely24.The word“devised”in the passage is closest in meaning to○combined○created○introduced○suggested25.The word“integral”is closet in meaning to○essential○variable○practical○independent26.The word“arduous”in the passage is closest in meaning to○difficult○necessary○skilled○shared27.The word“ensuing”in the passage is closest in meaning to○continuing○surprising○initial○subsequent28.The word“unprecedented”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○difficult to control○without any restriction○unlike anything in the past○rapidly expanding29.The word“virtually”in the passage is closest in meaning to○clearly○perhaps○frequently○almost30.The word“inevitable”in the passage is closest in meaning to○unfortunate○predictable○unavoidable○final31.The word“particular”in the passage is closest in meaning to○natural○final○specific○complex32.The word“guarantee”in the passage is closest in meaning to○increase○ensure○favor○complicate33.The word“pales”in the passage is closest in meaning to○increases proportionally○differs○loses significance○is common34.The word“adjacent”in the passage is closest in meaning to○foreign○stable○fluid○neighboringTPO435.The word"inhibits"in the passage is closest in meaning to○consists of○combines○restricts○establishes36.The phrase"in the same breath"in the passage is closest in meaning to ○impatiently○humorously○continuously○immediately37.The phrase“indefinite period”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○whose end has not been determined○that does not begin when expected○that lasts only briefly○whose importance remains unknown38.The word“rebound”in the passage is closest in meaning to○decline○recovery○exchange○movement39.The word“marked”in the passage is closest in meaning to○considerable○surprising○limited○adequate40.The word“principal”in the passage is closest in meaning to○major○likely○well protected○distinct41.The word“trappings”in the passage is closest in meaning to○conditions○problems○influences○decorations42.The word“accumulate”in the passage is closest in meaning to○grow up○build up○spread out○break apart43.The word“adjacent”in the passage is closest in meaning to○nearby○existing○special○deep44.The word“sloping”in the passage is closest in meaning to○shifting○inclining○forming○rolling45.The word“foul”in the passage is closest in meaning to○reach○flood○pollute○alterTPO546.The word“exhibit”in the passage is closest in meaning to○fight off○show○cause○spread47.The word“facilitates”in the passage is closest in meaning to○slows down○affects○makes easier○focuses on48.The word“suspended”in the passage is closest in meaning to○grown○protected○spread out○hung49.The word“afford”in the passage is closest in meaning to○offer○prevent○increase○remove50.The word“overwhelming”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○powerful○favorable○current○reasonable51.The word“implements”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○skills○tools○opportunities○practices52.The word“undisputed”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○mysterious○unexpected○acknowledged○significant53.The word“significant”in the passage is closest in meaning to○numerous○important○unexplained○sudden54.The word“relatively”in the passage is closest in meaning to○surprisingly○collectively○comparatively○characteristically55.The word“diversification”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○emergence of many varieties○steady decline in number○gradual increase in body size○sudden disappearance56.The word“promote”in the passage is closest in meaning to○complicate○prevent○encourage○affectTPO657.The word“exploited”in the passage is closest in meaning to○utilized○recognized○examined○fully understood58.The word“vastly”in the passage is closet in meaning to○greatly○initially59.The phrase“grew accustomed to”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○began to prefer○wanted to have○became used to○insisted on60.The word“retained”in the passage is closest in meaning to○gained○established○profited from○maintained61.The word“rudimentary”in the passage is closest in meaning to○thorough○strict○basic○occasional62.The word“meticulously”in the passage is closest in meaning to○carefully○quickly○frequently○obviously63.The word“endured”in the passage is closest in meaning to○vanished○developed○varied○survived64.The word“virtually”in the passage is closest in meaning to○possibly○absolutely○surprisingly○nearly65.The word“plausible”in the passage is closest in meaning to○flexible○believable66.The word“phenomenon”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○exception○repetition○occurrence○idea67.The word“critically”in the passage is closest in meaning to○fundamentally○partially○consistently○subsequently68.The word“perspective”in the passage is closest in meaning to○system○theory○source○viewpointTPO769.The word“objective”in the passage is closest in meaning to○achievement○requirement○purpose○feature70.The word“scores”in the passage is closest in meaning to○members○large numbers○populations○different types71.The word“turbulent”in the passage is closest in meaning to○fresh○deep○violent○temperate72.The phrase“obsession with”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○thinking about○fixation on○interest in○attitude toward73.The word“fostered”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○accepted○combined○introduced○encouraged74.The word“spheres”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○abilities○areas○combinations○models75.The word“diffused”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○emerged○was understood○spread○developed76.The word“profound”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○fascinating○far-reaching○necessary○temporary77.The word“ritual”in the passage is closest in meaning to○military○physical○ceremonial○permanent78.The word“fleeing”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○afraid of○displaced by○running away from○responding toTPO879.The word“massive”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○ancient○carefully○very large○carefully protected80.The word“pinpoint”in the passage is closest in meaning to○identify precisely○make an argument for○describe○understand81.The word“ingenuity”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○ambition○sincerity○faith○cleverness82.The word“predominant”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○most aggressive○most productive○principal○earliest83.The word“cope”in the passage is closest in meaning to○adapt○move○continue○compete84.The word“fluctuations”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○extremes○retreats○periods○variations85.The word“bombard”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○approach○strike○pass○circle86.The word“disruption”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○exhaustion○disturbance○modification○disappearance87.The word“merge”in the passage is closest in meaning to○expand○separate○straighten out○combine88.The word“relics”in the passage is closest in meaning to○remains○sites○requirements○sources89.The word“miniature”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○temporary○small○multiple○familiar90.The word“hints”in the passage is closest in meaning to○clues○features○arguments○effects91.The word“persuasively”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○aggressively○inflexibly○convincingly○carefullyTPO992.The phrase“prior to”is closest in meaning to○before○immediately after○during○in spite of93.The word“vast”in the passage is closest in meaning to○frozen○various○isolated○huge94.The word“inhospitable”in the passage is closest in meaning to○not familiar○not suitable○not dangerous○not reachable95.The word“impetus”in the passage is closest in meaning to○chance○protection○possibility○incentive96.The word“justified”in the passage is closest in meaning to○supported○shaped○stimulated○suggested97.The word“flourish”in the passage is closest in meaning to○continue○occur○succeed○apply98.The word“objective”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○unbiased○positive○systematic○thorough99.The word“compelling”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○commonly held○persuasive○original○practical100.The phrase“at random”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○finally○over a long period of time○successfully○without a definite pattern101.The word“abundantly”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○occasionally○fortunately102.The word“propagate”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○multiply○emerge○live○evolve103.The word“dormant”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○hidden○inactive○underground○preservedTPO10104.The word“status”in the passage is closest in meaning to○origin○importance○quality○design105.The word“evolve”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○divided○extended○developed○vanished106.The word“instigate”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○improved○investigated○narrowed○caused107.The word“whereas”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○while○previously○surprisingly○because108.The word“striking”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○noticeable○unlikely109.The word“erratic”in the passage is closest in meaning to○dramatic○important○unpredictable○common110.The word“deliberation”in the passage is closest in meaning to○records○discussions○results○variations111.The word“invoked”in the passage is closest in meaning to○demonstrated○called upon○supported○expected112.The word“key”in the passage is closest in meaning to○historical○many○important○hidden113.The word“meager”in the passage is closest in meaning to○very necessary○very low○traditional○primary114.The phrase“an English innovation”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○a new development introduced by the English○an arrangement found only in England○a type of agreement negotiated in English○a type of partnership based on English lawTPO11115.The word“vital”in the passage is closest in meaning to○attractive○essential○usual○practical116.The word“context”in the passage is closest in meaning to○connection○influence○environment○requirement117.The word“core”in the passage is closest in meaning to○material○layer○center○frame118.The word“depicts”in the passage is closest in meaning to○imagines○classifies○elevates○portrays119.The word“perplexed”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○defeated○interested○puzzled○occupied120.The word“preposterous”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○unbelievable○inadequate○limited○creative121.The word“accumulating”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○new○increasing○convincing○extensive122.The phrase“impose on”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○increase for○remove from○place on○distribute to123.The word“artificial”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○attractive○not real○short-term○well designed124.The word“prediction”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○surprise○discovery○explanation○expectation125.The word“pinpoint”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○observe○locate exactly○copy accurately○recognize126.The word“derive”in the passage is closest in meaning to○require○gain○use○produceTPO12127.The phrase“assisted in”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○initiated○dominated○helped with○set up128.The word“depicted”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○identified○revealed○pictured○imagined129.The word“criteria”in the passage is closest in meaning to○standards○findings○ideas○techniques130.The word“regarded”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○analyzed○considered○altered○criticized131.The word“paradoxes”in the passage is closest in meaning to○difficulties○accomplishments○parallels○contradictions132.The word“overshadowed”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○distracted from○explained○conducted○coordinated with133.The word“neglected”in the passage is closest in meaning to○failed○needed○started○expected134.The word“drastically”in the passage is closest in meaning to○obviously○unfortunately○rapidly○severely135.The word“dwellers”in the passage is closest in meaning to○settlements○farmers○tribes○inhabitants136.The word“fractures”in the passage is closest in meaning to○streams○cracks○storms○earthquakes137.The word“immobile”in the passage is closest in meaning to○enclosed○permanent○motionless○intactTPO13138.The word“complex”in the passage is closest in meaning to○delicate○elaborate○private○common139.The word“endowing”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○leaving○exposing○providing○understanding140.The phrase“size up”in the passage is closest in meaning to○enlarge○evaluate○impress○accept141.The word“deviate”in the passage is closest in meaning to○detract○advance○select○depart142.The word“consequently”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○therefore○additionally○nevertheless○moreover143.The word“persistent”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○adjusted○strong○enduring○predicted144.The word“duration”in the passage is closest in meaning to○length○feature○process○repetition145.The word“sustained”in the passage is closest in meaning to○intense○uninterrupted146.The word“uniformly”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○clearly○quickly○consistently○occasionally147.The word“potent”in the passage is closest in meaning to○artificial○powerful○common○similar148.The word“quantifiable”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○visual○permanent○meaningful○measurableTPO14149.The word“verify”in the passage is closest in meaning to○establish the truth of○approve of○understand○criticize150.The word“adept”in the passage is closest in meaning to○responsible○skillful○patient○curious151.The word"attributes"in the passage is closest in meaning to ○evaluations○attitudes○actions○characteristics152.The word"credible”in the passage is closest in meaning to○helpful○believable153.The word“paradoxically”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○usually○surprisingly○understandably○predictably154.The word"prolonged"in the passage is closest in meaning to ○unusual○unexpected○extended○disastrous155.The word"exhausted"in the passage is closest in meaning to○used up○reduced○wasted○relied upon156.The word“prestige”in the passage is closest in meaning to○interest○status○demand○profit157.The word“profound”in the passage is closest in meaning to○strange○positive○direct○far-reaching158.The word"striking”in the passage is closest in meaning to○reliable○noticeable○convincing○violent159.The word"exploit”in the passage is closest in meaning to○use to advantage○depart from○pay attention to○travel acrossTPO15160.The phrase“unique among”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○natural to○different from all other○quite common among○familiar to161.The word“feat”in the passage is closest in meaning to○remarkable achievement○common transformation○daily activity○complex solution162.The word“bulk”in the passage is closest in meaning to○strength○effort○activity○mass163.The phrase“courses through”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○rises through○heats up in○runs through○collects in164.The word“extended”in the passage is closest in meaning to○specific○unlimited○reasonable○long165.The phrase“account for”in the passage is closest in meaning to○describe○challenge○explain○test166.The word“intense”in the passage is closest in meaning to○sudden○unusual○immediate○extreme167.The word“interlocked”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○intermediate○linked○frozen○fully developed168.The word“match”in the passage is closest in meaning to○measure○enlarge○approximate○equal169.The word“transform”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○break○push○change○extend170.The word“deceiving”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○approximate○exaggerated○unusual○misleading171.The word“static”in the passage is closest in meaning to○unchanging○usable○thick○harmlessTPO16172.The word“repudiate”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○respect○reject○review173.The word“consensus”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○authority○responsibility○custom○agreement174.The word“ethic”in the passage is closest in meaning to○set of moral principles○division of labor○economic system○test of character175.The word“intrinsically”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○fundamentally○surprisingly○consequently○particularly176.The word“interplay”in the passage is closest in meaning to○sequence○interpretation○requirement○interaction177.The word“abundance”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○weight○requirement○plenty○sequence178.The phrase“analogous to”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○predicted by○expected of○similar to○superior to179.The word“postulated”in the passage is closest in meaning to○hypothesized○discovered○reported○generated180.The word“markedly”in the passage is closest in meaning to○essentially○typically○consistently○noticeably181.The word“meager”in the passage is closest in meaning to○rich○complex182.The word“eventually”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○over time○long ago○simply○certainlyTPO17183.The word“impetus”in the passage is closest in meaning to○return○opportunity○stimulus○obstacle184.The word“dramatically”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○artificially○greatly○immediately○regularly185.The word“refined”in the passage is closest in meaning to○completed○improved○drawn○checked186.The word“norms”in the passage is closest in meaning to○purposes○skills○activities○rules187.The word“conspicuous”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○common○noticeable○different○colorful188.The word“signal”in the passage is closest in meaning to○change○hide189.The word“inflating”in the passage is closest in meaning to○coloring○enlarging○loosening○heating190.The word“impediment”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○obstruction○effort○delay○resistance191.The word“exploits”in the passage is closest in meaning to○repeats○makes use of○increases the intensity of○recognizes192.The word“derives”in the passage is closest in meaning to○digests○obtains○controls○discovers193.The word“devastated”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○influenced○infected○strengthened○destroyed194.The word“inadvertently”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○indefensibly○substantially○unintentionally○partially195.The word“highlights”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○defines○emphasizesTPO18196.The word“progressive”in the passage is closest in meaning to○rapid○partial○increasing○individual197.The word”flaw”in the passage is closest in meaning to○fault○aspect○confusion○mystery198.The word“triggered”in the passage is closest in meaning to○removed○followed○increased○caused199.The word“periodically”in the passage is closest in the meaning to ○continuously○quickly○regularly○carefully200.The word“empirical”in the passage is closest in meaning to○reliable○based on common sense○relevant○based on observation201.The word“tremendous”in the passage is closest in meaning to○distinct○growing○huge○immediate202.The word“acquire”in the passage is closest in meaning to○reject○obtain○need○produce203.The word“illuminates”in the passage is closet in meaning to ○opens○completes○lights○electrifies204.The word“initiated”is closet in meaning to○started○intensified○finished○expectedTPO19205.The word“suppress”in the passage is closest in meaning to○respond to○warn against○avoid the impact of○stop by force206.The word“friction”in the passage is closest in meaning to○rebellion○conflict○neglect○crime207.The phrase“entitled to”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○given the right to○able to afford to○encouraged to○required to208.The word“substantiated”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○confirmed○noticed○defined○publicized209.The word“trend”in the passage is closest in meaning to○probability○picture○lawlike regularity○tendency210.The word“likewise”in the passage is closest in meaning to○sometimes○similarly○apparently○consequently211.The word“legitimately”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○commonly○broadly○properly○officially212.The word“initiated”in the passage is closest in meaning to○approved○identified○started○foreseen213.The word“accumulations”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○signs○pieces○types○deposits214.The word“heterogeneous”in the passage is closest in meaning to ○remaining○varied○familiar○layered215.The word“enjoy”in the passage is closest in meaning to○experience○resemble○expect○dominate216.The word“reveal”in the passage is closest in meaning to○result from○vary with○showTPO20217.The word"fringes"in the passage is closest in meaning to○borders○groups○types○directions218.The word"proliferation"in the passage is closest in meaning to ○growth○cooperation○importance○success219.The word"superseded"in the passage is closest in meaning to ○replaced○reformed○equaled○increased220.The word"diverted"in the passage is closest in meaning to○collected○shifted○transported○sold221.The word"momentous"in the passage is closest in meaning to ○numerous○regular○very important○very positive222.The word"exploited"in the passage is closest in meaning to ○explored○utilized○inhabited○improved223.The word"cramped"in the passage is closest in meaning to○primitive○secure○extended224.The word"shifts"in the passage is closest in meaning to○effects○similarities○changes○exceptions225.The word"abruptly"in the passage is closest in meaning to ○informally○briefly○suddenly○surprisingly226.The word"agencies"in the passage is closest in meaning to ○combinations○problems○forces○changes227.The word"terrestrial"in the passage is closest in meaning to ○land○protected○alternative○similar228.The word"enhance"in the passage is closest in meaning to ○control○limit○combine○increase229.The word"precise"in the passage is closest in meaning to ○complex○quick○exact○reliable230.The word"prospect"in the passage is closest in meaning to ○completion○variety○possibility○speed。
托福阅读词汇题单词汇总情况TPO1-49.doc
TPO1:Dramatic 剧烈的，戏剧化的–- striking 显著的、突出的、惊人的Prevalent 普遍的，常见的–- predictable 可预见的Championed 拥护、支持–- SupportedAttributes 把。
归于-- ascribesAutonomous 自主的、自治的、自发的–independentPenchant 倾向、嗜好、趣味-- inclination 倾向Incredible 令人难以置信的-- UnbelievableOut of sight 看不见、在视野之外-- hiddenOverlie 躺在. 。
上面，覆盖在。
上面-- CoverSo much for –That is enough aboutPlugged 插入、填满–filled upTPO2:Threatened –endangeredDelicate 易碎的、纤弱的–fragile 易碎的Progressively 渐进的、日益增多的–increasinglyDevoid of 没有、缺乏–lacking inPrecious 宝贵的、珍贵的–valuableExposed 暴露的–visiblePropulsion 推进–moving forwardReadily 轻而易举的–easilyAssistance 帮助–helpExpanded 扩充的、展开的–was enlargedTPO3:Feasible 可行的–achievableEnhance 增加、提高–improveDevised 设计、发明–createdIntegral 完整的、必须的–essential 基本的、必要的Arduous 艰巨的、困难的–difficultEnsuring 跟随，接下来–subsequentUnprecedented 史无前例的–unlike anything in the pastVirtually 几乎、实际上、事实上–almostInevitable 不可避免的、必然的–unavoidableParticular 特别的、特定的–specificGuarantee 保证、确保–ensurePale 苍白、使失色–loses significanceAdjacent 相邻–neighbouringTPO4Inhibits 阻止，阻拦–restrictsIn the same breath –immediatelyIndefinite period 没有限制的时间段–whose end has not been determined Rebound 反弹–recovery 恢复Marked 标记的、明显的、显著的–considerablePrincipal 主要的–majorTrappings 装饰–decorationAccumulate 沉积、聚集、累积–build up 增进、积累Adjacent –nearbySloping 倾斜的、斜坡的–incliningFoul 弄脏、污染–polluteTPO5:Exhibit 显示、显出–showFacilitate 促进、帮助、使容易–make easierSuspended 悬垂、悬挂–hungAfford 给予、提供–offerOverwhelming 压倒性的、势不可挡的–powerfulImplements 实施、执行、工具–toolsUndisputed 无可辩驳的、毫无疑问的–acknowledge 广为承认的Significant 显著的、重要的–importantRelatively 相对地–comparativelyDiversification 多样化–emergence of many varieties 出现很多种类Promote 促进、提升–encourageTPO6:Exploited 开采、开发、利用、剥削–utilizedVastly 极大地–greatlyGrew accustomed习惯于–became used toRetained 保留、保持–maintainedRudimentary 基本的、初步的–basicMeticulously 仔细地–carefullyEndure 忍耐、耐久–survived 存活，从。
TPO 词汇题总结
basic(
critically(
meticulously( ad.DŽǥ( carefully(
perspective(
TPO7(
objective(
n.ƘŎ a.³ǹƕ( purpose(
spheres(
scores(of( (
Ȅ¢£ɀ( large(number( diffused(
turbulent(
exploited(
v.[Ǝ(
utilized(
endured(
vastly(
ad.ŋ£( greatly(
virtually(
grew(accustomed(to( ý(
became(used(to( plausible(
retain(
v.8ď(
maintain(
phenomenon(
rudimentary( a.łƕ(
v.Ő²ōȇ( establish( truth(of(
the( exhausted(
v.ǗÀ(
used(up(
adept(
a.ƀǂƕ(
skillful(
prestige(
n.«Ŀ(
status(
attributes(
n.Åó v.à( characteristics( profound(
a.ÿ ůȫƕ( far%reaching(
n.Ɗ/( v.ĥË( a.ÿ ůȫƕ( a.!Úƕ( v.ȱƨ(
areas( spread( far%reaching( ceremonial( running(away(from(
v.ȢŸąW( strike(
n.ơ(
disturbance(
v.Ð(
史上最全托福阅读真题词汇
A考題答案中文abandoned left a. 被遺棄的aberrant abnormal a. 脫離常軌的 , abort quit v. 夭折 ;中止abruptly suddenly ad. 突然地 ; 意外地absorb take in v. 吸收 ;被⋯吸引absorb appeal v. 吸收 ;被⋯吸引absorb learn (學習 )v. 吸收abstract not concrete a. 抽象的 ;非實際的absurd ridiculous a. 荒謬的 ;可笑的abundance large amount n. 大量abundance great number n. 大量abundant affluent a. 豐富的 ;大量的abundant ample a. 豐富的 ;大量的abundant numerous a. 豐富的 ;大量的abundant plentiful a. 豐富的 ;大量的abundant substantial a. 豐富的 ;大量的abundantly plentifully ad. 豐富地 ; 大量地access reach v. 接近accessible easy to reach a. 易接近的accessible reachable a. 可接近的accidental unexpected a. 意外的 ;偶然的accommodate provide for v. 提供accomplished skilled a. 熟練的accomplished achieved a. 實現完成的account description n. 說明account for explain v. 說明accumulate collect v. 累積 ;聚集accumulate pile up v. 累積 ;聚集accurate correct a. 正確的accurately correctly ad. 正確地be accustomed to get used to phrv. 習慣get accustomed to become used to phrv. 習慣acknowledge recognize v. 承認actually in fact ad. 事實上added extra a. 附加的 ;額外的adept skilled a. 熟練的adherent supporter n. 擁護者adjacent nearby a. 毗連的adjacent neighboring a. 毗連的adjust modify v. 調整 ;改變⋯以適應admit let in v. 准許進入adopt enact v. 採用advance improvement n. 發展 ;增長advent arrival n. 出現 ;到來advent beginning n. 出現 ;到來affair matter n. 事件 ;事情afford provide v. 提供 ;給予aggravate increase v. 加重 ;增劇aggravate annoy v. 使惱火aggregate overall a. 聚集的 ;合計的aggregate combined a. 聚集的 ;合計的agile astute a. 靈活的 ;敏捷的agile clever a. 靈活的 ;敏捷的agile quick and active a. 靈活的 ;敏捷的agile move and act quickly a. 靈活的 ;敏捷的air feeling n. 氣氛alarm warning n. 警告alarm sound v. 警報albeit even though conj. 儘管；雖然albeit although conj. 儘管；雖然allow enable v. 允許allude suggest v. 暗示allude to refer to phrv. 提到ally with link to v. 結盟 ;聯合alter change to v. 改變amazing remarkable a. 令人驚訝的、非凡的ambiguous vague a. 模棱兩可的 ; 不明確的ambivalent mixed a. 矛盾的ample spacious a. 寬敞的ample plentiful a. 充足的 ;豐富的anchor hold in place v. 使固定ancient old a. 古老的ancient antique a. 古老的annihilate destroy v. 消滅annihilate completely remove v. 消滅annually yearly ad. 每年anomaly irregularity n. 異常的人或物antagonist competitor n. 對手 ;敵手anticipate expect v. 預期antiseptic clean a. 抗菌的antithesis opposite n. 對立面antler horn n. 鹿角anxiety worry n. 憂慮 ;擔心apart from except for phr. 除了⋯之外apart from exception phr. 除了⋯之外apparatus equipment n. 儀器 ;設備apparent obvious a. 顯然的apparently clearly ad. 顯然地appeal attraction n. 吸引力broad appeal wide popularity a. 廣泛的吸引力appealing attractive a. 有吸引力的appear seem v. 似乎appearance rise n. 出現appearance showing up n. 出現appearance arrival n. 出現application use n. 應用appreciable noticeable a. 相當可觀的approach method n. 方法approach move toward v. 接近approximately roughly ad. 大約地architecture structure n. 構造archive record v. 存檔archive stock v. 存檔archive store v. 存檔arduous difficult a. 艱鉅的arid dry a. 乾旱的arise emerge v. 出現arrangement configuration n. 安排 ;佈置array range n. 一系列article item n. 物品article object n. 物品as a rule in general phr. 通常assert declare v. 斷言 ;宣稱assertion strong statement n. 斷言 ;主張asset advantage n. 資產 ;有利條件assimilate combine v. 同化assistance help n. 幫助；協助assorted various a. 各式各樣的assume believe v. 假定 ;設想assume suppose v. 假定 ;設想assume take on v. 承擔assumption premise n. 假設astonishing amazing a. 驚人的astute clever a. 敏銳的attachment to preference for n. 依戀attain achieve v. 達到 ;獲得attainment achievement n. 達到 ;獲得attendant accompanying a. 伴隨的attest to confirm v. 證實attribute accredit v. 歸於 ;認為attribute to credit with v. 歸於 ;認為attribute characteristic n. 特徵attribution character n. 屬性augment increase v. 增加 ;提高available obtainable a. 可獲得的avenue method n. 途徑 ;手段avenue means n. 途徑 ;手段avid enthusiastic a. 熱中的be aware of familiar with phrv. 瞭解B考題答案中文barely just ad. 僅僅barge boat n. 駁船barrier obstacle n. 障礙barrier impediment n. 障礙visual barrier obstacle to view phr. 視覺阻礙battle struggle n. 搏鬥 ;奮鬥beckon invite v. 招喚 ;引誘be beforehand foreordain v. 預先being creature n. 生命beneficial advantageous a. 有益的blossom flourish v. 興旺blossom thrive v. 興旺boast puff v. 自吹自擂說 ; 吹噓boast exaggerate v. 自吹自擂說 ; 吹噓bombard assail v. 炮擊 ;轟擊bombard assault v. 炮擊 ;轟擊bombard strike v. 炮擊 ;轟擊boom expansion n. 激增 ;爆漲boon great benefit n. 利益boost raise v. 增加 ;提高boundary periphery n. 邊界branch division n. 分支breed reproduce v. 繁殖 ;飼養brilliant bright a. 光輝的 ; 明亮的brittle breakable a. 脆弱的brittle fragile a. 脆弱的broadly generally ad. 大體上broadly extensively ad. 大體上bulk great quantity n. 大部份bulk majority n. 大部份bulk large portion n. 大部份bulk large part n. 大部份bulk major part n. 主體burgeon expand v. 急速成長bustling lively a. 活躍的C考題答案中文camouflage blend with circumstances v. 偽裝camouflage decorate ( 裝飾 )v. 偽裝camouflage disguise v. 偽裝camouflage hide v. 偽裝cardinal fundamental a. 基本的cargo shipment n. 船貨 ; 貨物celebrated famous a. 著名的central essential a. 主要的certain specified a. 指定的chancy risky a. 冒險的channel direct v. 引導channel guide v. 引導channel provide v. 提供幫助chaotic disorganized a. 混亂的cherish value v. 珍愛chief major a. 主要的chisel carve v. 刻 ; 鑿choose opt v. 選擇chronic persistent a. 長期的 ;不斷的chronic confirmed a. 長期的 ;不斷的chronic habitual a. 長期的 ;不斷的chronic inveterate a. 長期的 ;不斷的chronically constantly ad. 長期地circuitous indirect a. 迂迴的circumstance condition n. 環境 ; 情況cite quote v. 引用cite refer to v. 引用classic typical a. 典型的clear apparent a. 顯然的clear visible a. 容易看見的cling to attach to v. 附著close careful a. 嚴密的 ;周密的clue hint n. 線索coating cover n. 覆蓋層coincide with be at the same time as v. 同時發生collaborate cooperate v. 合作collaboration joint effect n. 合作成果collect gather v. 收集collide with run into v. 碰撞collide hit each other v. 碰撞commemorate celebrate v. 慶祝 ; 紀念compact compressed (結實的 ) a. 緊密的 ;簡明的compact concise a. 緊密的 ;簡明的comparable equivalent a. 可比較的compel push v. 強迫compelling convincing a. 令人信服的compensate reimburse v. 賠償 ; 補償compensate for balance phrv. 賠償 ;補償complaint protest v. 抗議complement supplement n. 補充物complement add to v. 補充completely totally ad. 完全地complex elaborate a. 複雜的complex system n. 複合物 ;綜合體complicated made things more difficult a. 複雜的complicated complex a. 複雜的component constituent a. 組成的composition mixture n. 合成物comprehensive understandable a. 能理解的comprehensive complete a. 全部的comprise form v. 組成comprise make up v. 組成concern interest v. 感興趣conclusive final a. 最後的conclusive ultimate a. 最後的conducive contributive a. 有助於 ...的configuration form n. 佈局 ;結構configuration arrangement n. 佈局 ;結構confine limit v. 限制confront face v. 面臨congeal solidify v. 使凝結consecutive successive a. 連續的consequence result n. 結果 ;重要性consequence importance n. 結果 ;重要性consequent later a. 隨後的consequent resultant a. 作為結果的consequent resulting a. 作為結果的consequential significant a. 重要的consequently therefore ad. 因此consequently thus ad. 因此conserve save v. 保存consider think about v. 考慮 ;認為consider think as v. 考慮 ;認為consider view as v. 考慮 ;認為considerable substantial a. 相當大的consist of compose of v. 由⋯組成consistent regular a. 一致的be consistent with be compatible with phr. 一致的consistently regularly ad. 一致地conspicuous notable a. 明顯的constant stable a. 固定的 ;不變的constantly always ad. 經常 ; 不斷地constellation collection n. 一系列 ;一群constellation combination n. 一系列 ;一群constitution component n. 構造constrain restrict v. 限制constraint limit n. 限制constraint restriction n. 限制consume eat up v. 消耗 ; 吃 ; 喝consumed used up v. 消耗contemplate consider v. 沉思contentious disputed a. 好爭吵的continual constant a. 不間斷的 ; 連續的continuous uninterrupted a. 連續的 ;持續的on the contrary on the other hand phr. 恰恰相反on the contrary whereas (然而 ; 反之 )phr. 恰恰相反contrive create v. 發明contrive invent v. 發明conventional customary a. 習慣的 ;慣例的conventional traditional a. 習慣的 ;慣例的converging concentrating a. 收縮的 ;會聚的convert transform v. 使轉變convert into change to v. 轉變成convict condemn v. 宣判convict sentence v. 宣判convict doom ( 判決 )v. 宣判conviction belief n. 相信 ;信念conviction strong belief n. 堅定的信念cope with deal with phrv. 應付 ;處理cope with handle phrv. 應付 ;處理core center n. 核心 ;要點correspondence harmony n. 一致corroborate confirm v. 證實 ;確證costly expensive a. 貴重的 ;昂貴的counsel advise v. 忠告counter oppose v. 反對counter of in the opposite of a. 相反的counterpart equivalent ( 同等物 )n. 複本 ;副本counterpart similitude ( 類似物 )n. 複本 ;副本counterpart version (版本 )n. 複本 ;副本countervail compensate v. 抵銷 ;對抗countervail oppose v. 抵銷 ;對抗copious plentiful a. 豐富的 ;大量的couple associate v. 與⋯聯繫起來covered included a. 隱蔽的 ;有蓋的crawl move v. 爬行 ;移動create invent v. 創作 ;產生creative inventive a. 創造的crest peak n. 頂峰critical crucial a. 關鍵的critical essential a. 關鍵的criticize debate ( 爭論 ; 辯論 )v. 批評 ;責備crucial important a. 重要的crucially decisively ad. 關鍵地crushed ground a. 碾碎了的cumbersome awkward a. 笨重的 ;麻煩的cumbersome clumsy a. 笨重的 ;麻煩的cumbersome unwieldy a. 笨重的 ;麻煩的curb control v. 控制 ; 遏止current present a. 現在的D考題答案中文dam block v. 築壩 ;控制dangle hang v. 懸擺 ;吊daring bold a. 大膽的debate argue v. 辯論 ;爭論decimate destroy v. 大量毀滅decimation destruction n. 大量毀滅degree extent n. 程度degree measure n. 程度delicate dainty a. 易碎的 ;精美的delight please v. 使高興delight pleasure n. 高興 ;愉快deluxe lavish a. 奢華的demand need n. 需要 ;需求in great demand in popularity phr. 普遍demise extinction n. 死亡demography population n. 人口統計dense crowded a. 稠密的 ;密集的dense thick a. 稠密的 ;密集的depend rely on v. 依賴 ;依靠dependable reliable a. 可信賴的depict describe v. 描述depict portray v. 描寫 ;描繪depletion drain n. 消耗 ;用盡deposit lay down v. 放下 ;放置deposit accumulate v. 沈積derive arise v. 源於 ;導出design create v. 設計designate identify v. 命名 ;指定detractor critic ( 批評者 )n. 誹謗者 ;惡意批評者detrimental harmful a. 有害的 ;不利的deviate digress v. 偏離deviation departure n. 背離devise create v. 設計 ;發明devoid of without (prep.) a. 缺乏的devoid of lack of a. 缺乏的devoid of scant of a. 缺乏的devoted dedicated a. 虔誠的 ;專心致志的devoted to concentrated on a. 虔誠的 ;專心致志的dictate order v. 命令dictate determine v. 口授 ;命令differential uneven a. 差別的 ;獨特的diffuse spread (out)v. 擴散 ;散佈diffuse travel v. 擴散 ;散佈diligent careful a. 勤奮的diligently carefully ad. 勤奮地dilute reduce v. 稀釋 ;使薄弱dim decrease v. 變暗淡disassemble break apart v. 拆開disassemble break up v. 拆開disband dismiss v. 解散 ;遣散discard throw up v. 摒棄 ;丟棄discard throw away v. 摒棄 ;丟棄discernible noticeable a. 可辨別的discernible discriminating a. 可辨別的discharge release v. 釋放disentangle disband v. 解開disgust distaste v. 厭惡disintegrate break apart v. 分解 ;碎裂disintegrate fall apart v. 分解 ;碎裂disintegrate tear apart v. 分解 ;碎裂dismantle demolish v. 拆開 ;拆除disorder anarchy n. 混亂dispensable not necessary a. 非必要的dispersal distribution n. 散佈 ;驅散displace move out of position v. 迫使 (人 )離開disposition temperament n. 性格 ;性情dispute contention n. 爭論 ;爭執dispute argument n. 爭論 ;爭執dissipate disperse v. 驅散dissipated dispersed a. 分散的dissuade discourage v. 勸阻distinct clear and recognizable a. 清楚的 ;明確的distinction difference n. 差別distinction excellence n. 優秀 ;卓越distinction honor n. 榮譽distinctive characteristic a. 有特色的distinguish notice from the difference v. 區別 ;識別distribute spread v. 分配 ;散佈distribution geographic range n. 分佈區域distribution dispersion n. 散佈disturb upset v. 打亂 ;擾亂diverse distinct a. 不同的diversification emergence of many varieties n. 多樣化diversity variety n. 多樣性divest get rid of v. 剝奪divest deprive v. 剝奪domestic home a. 家庭的 ;國內的dormant hibernated a. 休眠的 ;不活動的dormant inactive a. 休眠的 ;不活動的dramatically greatly ad. 戲劇性地drastic extreme a. 激烈的 ;極端的drastically obviously ad. 大大地 ;徹底地drastically severely (嚴重地 )ad. 大大地 ;徹底地dual double a. 雙的 ;雙重的duplicate copy v. 複製duplicate repeat n. 複本durable lasting a. 經久的 ;持久的duration length n. 為期E考題答案中文earn acquire v. 賺得 ; 贏得ease facilitate ( 使容易 )v. 使減輕 ; 使緩和eccentric erratic a. 古怪的 ; 反常的eccentric strange a. 古怪的 ; 反常的efface eliminate v. 消去elaborate detailed a. 精巧的 ; 詳盡的elaborate dainty a. 精巧的 ; 詳盡的elapsed passed a. 過去的 ; 經過的element weather condition n. （惡劣的）天氣eliminate remove v. 排除 ;消除elusive difficult to catch a. 難懂的 ; 難捉摸的emanate emerge v. 散發 ;產生embark on start v. 從事 (著手 )embed insert v. 插入 ;植入embed implant v. 插入 ;植入embed enclose v. 插入 ;植入emergence appearance n. 出現emergency crisis n. 緊急情況emergent developing a. 新興的employ use v. 利用enable allow v. 使能夠enactment establishment n. 制定encapsulate state briefly v. 概述encourage stimulate v. 激勵 ;刺激endangered not abundant a. 瀕臨絕種的endeavor enterprise n. 努力endow bestow v. 捐贈engulf swallow v. 吞沒enhance improve v. 提高 ;增強enhance intensify v. 提高 ;增強enjoy experience v. 經歷enlist obtain v. 謀取（支持、贊助等）enormous great a. 巨大的enrich enhance v. 使富足ensue result v. 因⋯產生ensuing subsequent a. 接著發生的ensure guarantee v. 保證 ;擔保entail involve v. 牽涉enthusiastic eager a. 熱情的be entitled to have the right phrv. 有⋯權利environment setting n. 環境ephemeral short-lived a. 短暫的ephemeral transient a. 短暫的episode event n. 事件equilibrium balance n. 平衡era period n. 時代 ;年代eradicate remove completely v. 根除 ;消滅erect build v. 建立erratic unpredictable a. 不穩定的 ; 古怪的erratic irregular a. 不穩定的 ; 古怪的escalate extend v. 逐步擴大essential crucial a. 極重要的established qualified a. 已制定的establishment formation ( 構成 )n. 建立 ;創立estimate projection n. 估計estimation evaluation n. 估計euphoric extremely happy a. 心情愉快的evaluate judge v. 評價eventual later a. 最後的eventually later ad. 最後eventually ultimately ad. 最後evidence proof n. 證據evident apparent a. 明顯的evident obvious a. 明顯的evoke arouse v. 喚起 ;引起evoke create in the mind v. 喚起 ;引起evoke draw v. 喚起 ;引起evoke produce v. 喚起 ;引起evoke promote v. 喚起 ;引起evoke stimulate v. 喚起 ;引起exaggerate overstate v. 誇張 ;誇大excavate dig out v. 挖掘excavation dug-out n. 挖掘exceed beyond above v. 超越 ;勝過exceed surpass v. 超越 ;勝過exceedingly extremely ad. 極其 ; 非常excess go beyond n. 超越 ;勝過exclusively only ad. 專門地 ; 獨佔地excrete expel v. 排泄 ;分泌exercise use v. 運用exhausted tired a. 精疲力竭的exhausted used up a. 耗盡的 ; 用完的exhibit demonstrate v. 展示 ;陳列exhibit display v. 展示 ;陳列expand stretch v. 展開 ;增長expand increase v. 展開 ;增長expanse area n. 一大片區域expansive large a. 廣闊的expediency advantage ( 優勢 ;利益 )n. 方便 ;利己expediency convenience n. 方便 ;利己expedient fitting a. 權宜的 ; 方便的expend use v. 耗盡explicit obvious a. 明確的 ; 清楚的explicitly clear ad. 明確地exploit take advantage of v. 利用exploit make use of v. 利用exploit utilize v. 利用explore investigate v. 探測 ;探索expose to subject to ( 遭受 )v. 使經歷express communicate v. 表達extant existing a. 現存的 ; 尚存的extant not extinct a. 現存的 ; 尚存的extant remaining a. 現存的 ; 尚存的extend stretch v. 延伸extend reach v. 延伸become extinct die out phrv. 滅絕extol praise v. 讚美extraneous inessential a. 無關的 ; 外來的extraneous from outside a. 無關的 ; 外來的extraordinary exceptional a. 異常的exude give off v. 滲出 ;發散exude release v. 滲出 ;發散F考題答案中文fabricate produce v. 製造in fact actually phr. 事實上far-reaching extensive a. 深遠的 ;廣泛的far-reaching broad a. 深遠的 ;廣泛的fascinating extremely attractive a. 迷人的fashion way n. 樣子 ; 方式fashion make v. 形成 ; 造fashionable popular a. 流行的 ;時尚的feasible achievable a. 可實行的feasible practical a. 可實行的feast eating n. 盛宴ferry transport n. 渡輪fertile reproductive a. 肥沃的 ;多產的fertile productive a. 肥沃的 ;多產的figure out map (詳細規劃 )phr. 計算出 ; 解決finding discovery n. 發現first and foremost above all phr. 首先 ; 首要地flake fragment n. 小薄片flattery praise n. 恭維flee run away from v. 逃走flexible adaptable a. 易適應的float stay on the top v. 漂浮float upward rise phrv. 浮起flourish prosper v. 繁榮 ;興旺flourish thrive v. 繁榮 ;興旺flourishing prosperous a. 繁榮的flow movement n. 流動fluctuate change v. 變動fluctuation variation n. 變動 ;起伏focal point centre area n. 焦點follow track v. 跟隨for instance for example phr. 例如 ; 譬如forage search for food v. 覓食forage feed n. 飼料formidable excessive a. 巨大的foster urge v. 培養 ;促進foster promote the development of v. 培養 ;促進foster encourage v. 鼓勵foul pollute v. 弄髒 ;污染fragment break up v. 使成碎片fragmentation break n. 破裂fragmentize break up v. 使成碎片frankly sincerely ad. 真誠地frankly openly ad. 坦白地friction conflict n. 爭執 ;不合function operation n. 效用 ;作用function utility n. 效用 ;作用fundamental basic a. 基礎的funds money n. 資金furthermore in addition ad. 此外G-H考題答案中文gap opening n. 缺口 ;裂口gear adjust v. 使適合generate produce v. 產生genuinely actually ad. 真誠地given particular a. 規定的 ; 特定的govern regulate v. 統治 ;管理govern control v. 統治 ;管理grasp understand v. 領會 ;理解groom make up v. 裝扮 ;使整潔groom clean v. 裝扮 ;使整潔groundless unfounded a. 無根據的grounds reasons n. 根據 ;理由groundwork base n. 基礎groundwork basis n. 基礎groundwork foundation n. 基礎grudging unenthusiastic a. 勉強的guarantee ensure v. 保證 ;擔保H考題答案中文hallmark characteristic n. 戳記 ;標誌hamper district v. 防礙 ;束縛hamper restrict v. 防礙 ;束縛hamper make difficulty v. 防礙 ;束縛handy convenient a. 便利的 ; 靈活的haphazard random a. 隨意的harness use v. 利用harness utilize v. 利用harsh drastic a. 嚴厲的 ; 嚴酷的hasty hurried a. 匆匆的 ; 急忙的haul pull v. 拖; 拉havoc destruction n. 浩劫hazard danger n. 危險heed notice v. 留心 ;注意heighten increase v. 增加 ;提高heir inheritor n. 繼承人 ; 後繼者hence therefore ad. 因此heritage legacy n. 遺產 ;傳統heritage tradition n. 遺產 ;傳統heterogeneous varied a. 由不同種類組成的hide conceal v. 隱藏hinder interfere with v. 妨礙hint clue n. 暗示 ;跡象hint implication n. 暗示 ;跡象hint indication n. 暗示 ;跡象hint lead n. 暗示 ;跡象hire employ v. 雇用hobby pastime n. 嗜好hold support v. 支撐 ;保持hold keep up v. 支撐 ;保持hollow an empty space n. 中空homogeneous uniform a. 同種的host of great number n. 大量however yet conj. 然而hub center n. 中心huge large a. 巨大的hurdle fence v. 用籬笆圍hypothetical supposed a. 假設的 ; 假定的I考題答案中文ice sheet glacier ( 冰河 )n. 冰原identical the same a. 同樣的idiosyncrasies peculiarity n. 特性ignite set on fire v. 點燃illusion Impression (印象 )n. 錯覺 ;幻像immediately closest ad. 接近 ; 緊接著immense great a. 巨大的immense huge a. 巨大的immense vast a. 巨大的immensely extremely ad. 非常immigration movement n. 移居immobile fixed a. 固定的 ; 靜止的immobility absence of motion n. 固定 ;靜止immoral indecent a. 不道德的immoral improper a. 不道德的impermeable impenetrable a. 不能滲透的impermeable impervious a. 不能滲透的impetus incentive n. 刺激 ;促進impetus stimulus v. 刺激 ;促進implausible unbelievable a. 難以置信的implement tool n. 工具imply indicate v. 意味imposing impressive a. 給人深刻印象的imprecise inexact a. 不精確的improbable unlikely a. 不像會發生的inaccessible unreachable a. 難接近的inadvertently unintentionally ad. 非故意地inadvertently without knowing ad. 非故意地inauspicious unfavorable a. 不吉利的incidentally by the way ad. 順便一提inclement unfavorable a. (氣候 ) 嚴酷的be inclined tend v. 傾向inconceivable unimaginable a. 難以置信的inconclusive without result ( 毫無結果 ) a. 不確定的incorporate include v. 包含incorporate merge v. 吸收 ; 併入incursion invasion n. 入侵indicate demonstrate v. 指示 ; 指出indigenous native a. 本土的 ;土生土長的indispensable significant (重要的 ) a. 必不可少的indispensable essential a. 不可缺少的indispensable necessary a. 不可缺少的indispensable needed a. 不可缺少的indispensable required a. 不可缺少的indispensable vital a. 不可缺少的induce bring v. 引起induce cause v. 引起ineffectively without any result ad. 無效地inert motionless a. 遲緩的 ;惰性的inert motiveless a. 遲緩的 ;惰性的inevitable unavoidable a. 不可避免的inference conclusion n. 推斷的結果infirm weak a. 不堅定的 ;衰弱的inflate expand v. 膨脹 ; 擴大infrastructure foundation n. 基礎建設ingenious very clever a. 心靈手巧的ingenuity cleverness n. 心靈手巧 ;獨創性ingenuity creativeness n. 心靈手巧 ;獨創性ingenuity inventiveness n. 心靈手巧 ;獨創性ingenuity resourcefulness n. 心靈手巧 ;獨創性inherent essential a. 內在的 ;固有的inherent internal a. 內在的 ;固有的inherent instinctive a. 與生俱來的inherent in characteristic of a. 與生俱來的inherently essentially ad. 固有地inhibit hinder v. 約束 ;抑制inhospitable unfavorable a. 冷淡的 ;不適宜的inhospitable adverse a. 冷淡的 ;不適宜的initial first a. 最初的initially originally ad. 最初 ; 開頭initiate begin v. 開始 ;創始initiate start v. 開始 ;創始innovation new n. 革新 ;創新innovative new a. 創新的inordinate excessive a. 過度的Instant moment n. 片刻 ;瞬間instantaneous immediate a. 即刻的instigate incite v. 唆使 ;煽動instructive informative v. 富有教育意義的insufficient inadequate a. 不足的intact untouched a. 完好的intangible nonmaterial a. 無形的intangible immaterial a. 無形的integral essential a. 構成整體所需要的intense strong a. 強烈的intentionally deliberately ad. 有意地 ; 故意地intermediate in-between a. 中間的 ; n. 媒介intimate close a. 親密的intricate carefully shaped a. 複雜的intricate complex a. 複雜的intrigue interest v. 引發⋯興趣intriguing fascinating a. 迷人的intrinsic essential a. 本質的 ;內在的intrinsic inherent a. 本質的 ;內在的intrusive invasive a. 侵入的invade move into v. 入侵 ;侵犯invaluable highly useful a. 極寶貴的Invariably always ad. 始終如一地 ; 一貫地invent devise v. 發明inviolable without exception a. 不可違背的inviolable allowing no attack a. 不可違背的invoke appeal v. 懇求 ,祈求irrecoverable permanent a. 不能挽回的irreparable isolated permanentseparateda. 不能挽回的a. 孤立的 ; 分離的J-LJ~K考題答案中文jettison release v. 拋棄jolt shock v. 震動 ;震驚judge estimate v. 評判junction connection n. 連接 ;接合juncture connection n. 連接 ;接合justified right a. 正當的justify prove v. 證明 ...是正當的key significant a. 重要的 ; 關鍵的L考題答案中文lading cargo n. 貨物lading shipment n. 貨物landscape scenery n. 風景 ;景色large extensive a. 大的 ;大量的largely mostly ad. 大部分 ; 主要地launch initial v. 發起 ; 發動launch initiate v. 發起 ; 發動launch start v. 發起 ; 發動legitimacy authority n. 合法性of legitimacy lawful a. 合法的legitimately properly ad. 正當地 ; 合法地leisure free time n. 閒暇leisurely slowly a. 悠閒的 ; 從容不迫地lethal fateful a. 致命的lethal deadly a. 致命的liberal extensive a. 寬大的of likelihood probable a. 可能的liken to compare v. 比較likewise similarly ad. 同樣地linger wander v. 徘徊 ; 漫步linger stroll v. 徘徊 ; 漫步link put together v. 連接 ; 結合link consist of v. 連接 ; 結合link connect v. 連接listening advertent a. 留神聽的livelihood means of support n. 生活 ;生計locale place n. 現場 ;場所locate find v. 找出lucrative profitable a. 有利益的luxuriant thriving a. 茂盛的Mmagnify enlarge v. 放大magnitude extent n. 巨大 ;廣大magnitude amount n. 量 ; 大小maintain continue v. 維持 ;使繼續majestic magnificent a. 壯觀的make their way travel phrv. 前進malleable pliable a. 有延展性的 ;可塑的mandatory required a. 強制的 ;義務的mandatory obligatory a. 強制的 ;義務的manifest reveal v. 表明 ;顯現manipulate control v. 操縱marked considerable a. 顯著的markedly distinctly ad. 顯著地mask cover v. 遮避 ;掩護 ;偽裝mask disguise v. 遮避 ;掩護 ;偽裝massive enormous a. 巨大的massive huge a. 巨大的mastery control n. 控制matter issue n. 問題 ;事件maximum greatest size n. 最大量mean average n. 平均值merely no more than ad. 僅僅merely only ad. 僅僅merely simply ad. 僅僅merge blend v. 合併 ;融合merge combine v. 合併 ;融合meticulously carefully ad. 小心地microbe germ n. 微生物 ; 細菌milestone significant event n. 里程碑 ; 劃時代的事件milky way galaxy n. 銀河mimic imitate v. 模仿mimic copy v. 模仿miniature small a. 微型的minuscule tiny a. 微型的minute very small a. 微小的minute tiny a. 微小的minutely in detail ad. 詳細地 ; 精密地minutely finely ad. 詳細地 ; 精密地mirror reflect v. 反映 ;反射misconception wrong idea n. 誤解misleading erroneous a. 使人誤解的misleading inaccurate a. 使人誤解的misunderstanding wrong idea n. 誤解misunderstanding false idea n. 誤解mock pretend v. 模仿modest limited ( 有限的 ) a. 適度的modest not too large ( 不大的 ) a. 適度的modification alteration n. 修改 ;改變momentous significant a. 重要的monitor observe v. 監控 ;監視monopolize dominate ( 支配 )v. 獨佔 ;壟斷monotone tedious a. 單調的 ; 乏味的monotonous boring a. 單調的 ; 無聊的moreover additionally ad. 此外moreover in addition ad. 此外motif pattern n. 圖案set in motion start phrv. 開動mount climb v. 登上mount grow v. 增長mount increase v. 增長mundane material a. 世俗的 ; 平凡的mundane ordinary a. 世俗的 ; 平凡的myriad countless a. 大量的 ; 無數的myriad innumerable a. 大量的 ; 無數的myriad numerous a. 大量的 ; 無數的N-ON考題答案中文narrow limit v. 使變窄nature character n. 天性 ; 本質nearly almost ad. 幾乎 ; 差不多necessary required a. 必要的needless to say obvious phr. 不用說nevertheless however ad. 然而 ; 儘管nevertheless in spite of ad. 然而 ; 儘管nocturnal nighttime a. 夜間的notable important a. 顯著的 ;重要的notable outstanding a. 顯著的 ;重要的note record v. 記錄have nothing to do with in no relation to phrv. 不相干noticeable obvious a. 顯而易見的notwithstanding despite prep. 雖然 ; 儘管O考題答案中文objective purpose n. 目標oblige force v. 強迫obscure conceal v. 使變暗 ; 遮掩obscure hide v. 使模糊obscure unclear a. 模糊的obscure not clear a. 模糊的obsession with fixation on n. 癡迷 ;迷戀obtain acquire v. 取得 ;獲得obvious evident a. 明顯的occasion event n. 重大活動offset make up v. 補償 ;抵銷offset compensate v. 補償 ;抵銷offset balance v. 補償 ;抵銷old male aged male n. 老人omit exclude v. 遺漏 ;刪去omit neglect v. 遺漏 ;刪去ongoing current a. 進行的onset beginning n. 開始onset start n. 開始opaque impenetrable a. 難理解的optimal most advantageous a. 最佳的option choice n. 選項 ;選擇orchestrate stage-manage v. 精心安排orientation perspective n. 觀點orientation introduction n. 介紹originally at the first ad. 起初 ; 原來ornament decorate v. 裝飾ornamental decorative a. 裝飾的ornamentation decoration n. 裝飾outbreak sudden increase v. 爆發 ;突然發生outcome result n. 結果outermost farthermost away a. 最遠的overview summary n. 概要overwhelming powerful a. 壓倒性的P-QP~Q考題答案中文pacify assuage v. 使平靜paradox contrary n. 相反 ; 矛盾paradoxically seemingly contradictory ad. 似非而是地parcel out distribute phrv. 把 ...分成幾份 ; 分配pare away remove v. 修掉 ; 削減patch spot n. 斑點patch area n. 小塊土地partly in some degree ad. 部份地peak highest point n. 高峰（期）peak maximum n. 高峰（期）peak time of the greatest period n. 高峰（期）peculiar strange a. 奇怪的 ; 獨特的penetrate enter v. 穿入 ; 穿透perceptible appreciable a. 可感知的perceptible noticeable a. 可感知的peril danger n. 危險perilous dangerous a. 危險的perilous risky a. 危險的perilous hazardous a. 危險的perilous toxic a. 危險的periodically from time to time ad. 週期性地periodically regularly ad. 週期性地perishable easy to spoil a. 易腐壞的permanent lasting a. 永恆的permeate penetrate v. 滲透 ; 瀰漫permit allow v. 允許perpetual constant a. 永久的 ;連續的persist continue v. 堅持 ; 持續persist last v. 堅持 ; 持續persistent long lasting a. 耐久的personality character n. 個性 ;性格pertinent relevant a. 相關的pervasive widespread a. 普遍的phenomenal extraordinary a. 異常的phenomena [pl.]events n. 現象phenomenon observable fact n. 現象phenomenon occurrence n. 現象piecing joining n. 接合pigment color n. 色素pigmentation coloring n. （生物的）天然顏色pigmentation dye n. 染色pinnacle high point n. 頂點 ;頂峰pinpoint describe precisely v. 準確地解釋或說明pinpoint clearly identify v. 準確地解釋或說明pinpoint precise a. 精確的plausible paradoxical a. 似是而非的plausible believable a. 貌似有理的pledge promise n. 保證 ;誓言plumage feather n. 羽毛within the ordinary citizen'sa. 負擔得起的affordablepocketbookpopular widespread a. 流行的 ;廣泛的popular broad appeal a. 流行的 ;廣泛的pore hole n. 毛孔 ;細孔pore space (空間 )n. 毛孔 ;細孔portion part n. 一部分portion constituent n. 一部分pose place v. 擺姿勢 ;展現pose present v. 擺姿勢 ;展現posit propose v. 斷定 ; 假定posit suggest v. 斷定 ; 假定posit assume v. 斷定 ; 假定postulate presume v. 假定postulate hypotheses v. 假定potent powerful a. 有力的potential possible a. 潛在的 ;可能的practically nearly ad. 幾乎 ; 差不多precarious insecure a. 不穩定的 ; 危險的precede be beyond v. 高於 ; 超出precede come before v. 在⋯之前precious valuable a. 寶貴的precipitate bring about v. 使⋯突然發生precision accuracy n. 精確 ; 正確preclude rule out v. 排除 ; 阻止predicament difficult situation n. 尷尬的處境 ; 困境predicament serious situation n. 尷尬的處境 ; 困境prediction prophecy n. 預言predominant most aggressive a. 佔優勢的predominant very noticeable a. 佔優勢的predominant principal a. 佔優勢的predominantly primitively ad. 佔優勢地predominately mainly ad. 主要地preeminent foremost a. 卓越的 ;顯著的premise assumption n. 假定 ; 前提premise assume v. 假定 ; 前提preoccupation with concentration on phr. 專注於preordain appoint v. 預定 ; 註定preordain foreordain v. 預定 ; 註定preordain ordain v. 預定 ; 註定prerequisite requirement n. 必要條件prerequisite something needed to happen n. 必要條件prerequisite something required n. 必要條件preserve protect v. 保存 ; 保護preserve retain v. 保存 ; 保護preserve save v. 保存 ; 保護presumable probably a. 可推測的 ; 可能有的prevailing dominant a. 佔優勢的prevailing popular a. 流行的prevalent common a. 普遍的 ;流行的prevalent prevailing a. 普遍的 ;流行的previous past a. 先前的 ;以往的。
TPO 阅读重点词汇
far-reaching深远的
fascinating迷人的
necessary必要的
temporary临时的
ritual仪式
ceremonial仪式的
military军事的
physical身体的；物理的
permanent永恒的
fleeing消失
running away from从。。逃跑
hung悬挂
grown长大的；成年的
protected保护；防卫
spread out展开；铺张
afford提供；买得起
offer提供
prevent预防，防止
increase增加
remove移动，迁移
overwhelming压倒性的；
powerful强大的
favorable有利的；赞成的
current现在的
exchange交换；兑换
movement乐章；运转
marked有记号的；显著的
considerable重要的，值得考虑的
surprising意外的
limited有限的
adequate适当的
principal最重要的；校长
major重要的
likely可能的；合适的
well protected受保护的
initial最初的
unprecedented空前的
unlike anything in the past不像过去的
任何事
difficult to control难以控制
without any restriction没有任何限制
rapidly expanding迅速扩张
virtually实际上；几乎
托福TPO49阅读原文+题目
小编发布托福TPO49阅读本文+答案，希望帮助考生对照文本更好的研究真题，充分备考，争取理想成绩，实现留学梦想。
1Mating Songs of FrogsThe calling or singing of frogs plays an important role in theirreproduction—specifically, in helping individuals find and select mates. Soundhas many advantages as a communication signal.When sounds are broadcast, theauditory receptors do not need to be in a particular orientation relative to thesound source in order to receive stimulation. Loud songs, particularly thosemade by choruses of frogs calling together, can travel long distances and thusattract distant frogs.Sounds travel around large obstacles. These advantages arenot found in the visual modality,where the receiver must be attentive and haveits visual receptor orientated in the correct direction.Further, most frogs andtoads breed at night, when light levels are low but sounds can be easilylocalized. We can conclude that auditory signals are used by frogs and toadsbecause they can be effective over long distances at night.Male frogs do most of the courtship calling. Other male frogs can respondby adding their voices to form a calling chorus. Male frogs can also vocalize toeach other as part of aggressive displays.Aggressive calls can be distinct fromthe advertisement calls used to attract females. Females can respond to malesongs by moving toward the sound source or by selecting certain males asreproductive partners. In some species females also respond to males by calling:receptive pairs can even perform duets. Predators may also cue in on callingfrogs as potential prey.Frog songs contain several potentially important piecesof information about the calling male.First, sound amplitude can indicate thesize of the individual that is Galling. Since many frogs exhibit indeterminate growth (i.e., they keep getting bigger as they get older), size is a good predictor of relative age. In many species, call amplitude is increased by specialized vocal sacs that can enlarge as the animal grows; thus, older frogs produce louder calls. The male’s age matters to the female because older frogs have successfully survived the environmental hazards that the offspring they sire will soon be facing. Amplitude can also convey information on how far away the calling frog is or, for choruses, how many frogs are calling together. An intensely vocalizing chorus may indicate a particularly favorable breeding site. Sound amplitude(subjectively: loudness) can be an ambiguous cue for a female, however. A very intense sound can indicate an old male at some distance or a younger male that is close. A close, small chorus could be confused with a louder chorus that is farther away.Sound frequencies-or pitch-can also convey information about the callingmale because the vocal apparatus grows larger as the frog grows older. In some frogs, the pitch of individual sounds varies with so that older and larger males give lower-pitched calls. Sound pitch is affected by temperature; small males can mimic the lower pitch of larger, older males by calling from colder locations. Finally, the length of time that an individual can afford to spend calling is a good indicator of his health. Many frogs invest considerable energy in calling, both because they do not feed and because it is a physically demanding behavior that relies on rapid muscular contractions of the vocalization apparatus. This effort can be debilitating in a male frog that is not in top physical condition. Calling in tree frogs is said to be the most。
史上最全托福词汇题590题(新托150题 老托440题)
史上最全托福词汇题590题——（新托150题+老托440题）资料说明：这里是最全的托福词汇题，包括新托福TPO词汇题150题，和老托历史所有词汇题（俗称440题，托福阅读词汇1976-2004.10）。
一份超级牛的词汇资料，基本可以覆盖90%的阅读词汇题目。
当然，如果想考到105分以上，那这份词汇资料还是不充分的，但是如果你的目标只是100分，那么这份资料已经完全足够帮你搞定托福阅读词汇题了。
新托福TPO阅读词汇题150题前言我们的大脑会在遇到特定的情况时，非常自然的去遵循某种模式，比如说，打喷嚏的时候，人们会自然的说：“有人想你了。
”当打碎玻璃杯子的时候，人们会安慰：“碎碎平安。
”这些不断重复的事件积累起来，被人们牢记于心，而且在又一次出现的时候，被人们再次遵从这些现象。
对于记忆词汇的人们来说也存在同样的过程。
我们抱着一本单词书和一本鸡血书（或是视频、男/女神照片……），萦绕着信誓旦旦奋斗的情绪，恨不得早些搞定托福来弥补曾今脑子进过的水和回馈自己流过的汗水，因为重复积累记忆是最有效的背诵方式，不断的重复背诵各种词汇书就成为了鸡血生活的一部分。
在鸡血了一段时间后，发现自己能够将词汇书中的词汇记下来的数量少之又少，久而久之，干脆养成了看那些已经明白了的单词，而忽略那些怎么也记不下来的单词，这样的学习效果实在是惨不忍睹。
有同学说，背单词就是重复嘛，我重复了许多遍就记下来了；有同学说，背单词就是重复嘛，但我重复了许多遍还是记不下来。
重复的确是能够塑造记忆的方式，而对于记不下来的同学来说，要清楚你所重复的内容是否为有意义的信息。
就像你只重复记忆那些已经背好的单词，没有背过的单词自然就不会和你产生缘分。
每天试着多看一些你不认识的单词吧，就像读了《葵花宝典》，不去挥刀自宫还是练不成。
背单词有两个方向：一个是不断去重复记忆新的单词，另一个是不断实践使用已经记下来的单词。
对于后者来说，《托福TPO阅读词汇题》这个文档存在的意义就是利用托福真题中的词汇题来让你实践。
托福阅读tpo49R-1原文+译文+题目+答案+背景知识
tpo49阅读-1Ancient Coastlines原文 (1)译文 (2)题目 (3)答案 (8)背景知识 (8)原文Ancient Coastlines①Information on past climates is of primary relevance to archaeology because of what it tells us about the effects on the land and on the resources that people needed to survive. The most crucial effect of climate was on the sheer quantity of land available in each period, measurable by studying ancient coastlines. These have changed constantly through time, even in relatively recent periods, as can be seen from the Neolithic stone circle of Er Lannic, in Brittany, France (once inland but now half submerged on an island) or medieval villages in east Yorkshire, England, that have tumbled into the sea in the last few centuries as the North Sea gnaws its way westward and erodes the cliffs. Conversely, silts deposited by rivers sometimes push the sea farther back, creating new land, as at Ephesus in western Turkey, a port on the coast in Roman times but today some five kilometers inland.②Nevertheless, for archeologists concerned with the long periods of time of the Paleolithic period, there are variations in coastlines of much greater magnitude to consider. The expansion and contraction of the continental glaciers caused huge and uneven rises and falls in sea levels worldwide. When the ice sheets grew, the sea level would drop as water became locked up in the glaciers; when the ice melted, the sea level would rise again. Falls in sea level often exposed a number of important land bridges, such as those linking Alaska to northeast Asia and Britain to northwest Europe, a phenomenon with far-reaching effects not only on human colonization of the globe but also on the environment as a whole - the flora and fauna of isolated or insular areas were radically and often irreversibly affected. Between Alaska and Asia today lies the Bering Strait, which is so shallow that a fall in sea level of only four meters would turn it into a land bridge. When the ice sheets were at their greatest extent some 18,000 years ago (the glacier maximum), it is thought that the fall was about 120 meters, which therefore created not merely a bridge but a vast plain,1,000 kilometers from the north to the south, which has been called Beringia. The existence of Beringia (and the extent to which it could have supported human life) is one of the crucial pieces of evidence in the continuing debate about the likely route and date of human colonization of the New World.③The assessment of past rises and falls in sea level requires study of submerged land surfaces off the coast and of raised or elevated beaches on land. Raised beaches are remnants of former coastlines at higher levels relative to the present shoreline and visible, for instance, along the Californian coast north of San Francisco. The height of a raised beach above the present shoreline, however, does not generally give a straightforward indication of the height of a former sea level. In the majority of cases, the beaches lie at a higher level because the land has been raised up through isostatic uplift or tectonic movement. Isostatic uplift of the land occurs when the weight of ice is removed as temperatures rise, as at the end of an ice age; it has affected coastlines, for example, in Scandinavia, Scotland, Alaska, and Newfoundland during the postglacial period. Tectonic movements involve displacements in the plates that make up Earth’s crust. Middle and Late Pleistocene raised beaches in the Mediterranean are one instance of such movements.④Raised beaches often consist of areas of sand, pebbles, or dunes, sometimes containing seashells or piles of debris comprising shells and bones of marine animals used by humans. In Tokyo Bay, for example, shell mounds of the Jomon period (about 10,000 to 300 B.C.E.)mark the position of the shoreline at a time of maximum inundation by the sea (6,500-5,500 years ago),when, through tectonic movement, the sea was three to five meters higher in relation to the contemporary landmass of Japan than at present. Analysis of the shells themselves has confirmed the changes in marine topography, for it is only during the maximum phase that subtropical species of mollusc are present, indicating a higher water temperature.译文古海岸线①关于过去气候的资料主要与考古学有关，因为考古学能告诉我们过去气候对陆地以及人们生存所需的各种资源的影响。
托福tpo 1 listening 词汇
1, access ['ækses,]vt. 使用2, database ['deitəbeis]n. 数据库，资料库3, type [taip]vi. 打字4, review [ri'vju:]n. 评论5, interpretation [in,tə:pri'teiʃən]n. 解释6, reserve [ri'zə:v]n. 储备7, reference ['refərəns]n. 参考8, come up 发生9, take a while 需要一段时间10, definitely ['definitli]adv. 肯定地11, durable ['djuərəbl]adj. 持久的12, skim [skim]vt. 撇去…的浮物13, option ['ɔpʃən]n. 选择权14, abstract ['æbstrækt]n. 摘要15, down [daun]adv. 向下16, contemporary [kən'tempərəri]adj. 当代的17, scene [si:n]n. 情景；景象18, landscape ['lændskeip]n. 风景19, brushstroke n. 一笔；绘画技巧20, canvas ['kænvəs]n. 帆布面21, impressionist n. 印象派画家22, thickly ['θikli]adv. 厚地；浓地23, painter ['peintə]n. 画家24, sum up 总结25, depict [di'pikt]vt. 描述26, separately ['sepəritli]adv. 分离地27, since [sins]conj. 因为28, exhibit [iɡ'zibit]n. 展览品29, gallery ['ɡæləri]n. 画廊30, complete [kəm'pli:t]vt. 完成31, relatively ['relətivli]adv. 相当地32, impressionism [im'preʃənizəm]n. 印象主义33, discouraged [dis'kʌridʒd]adj. 气馁的34, work [wə:k]n. 音乐或艺术作品35, fair [fεə]n. 市集37, portrait ['pɔ:trit]n. 肖像38, agency ['eidʒənsi]n. 代理39, fine [fain]adj. 好的40, accessible [ək'sesəbl]adj. 可理解的41, instructor [in'strʌktə]n. 指导者42, illustration [,ilə'streiʃən]n. 说明43, broad [brɔ:d]n. adj. 宽的44, thick [θik]adj. 厚的；浓的45, zigzagging n. 之字形运动；锯齿形运动46, vibrant ['vaibrənt]adj. 充满生气的47, chaotic [kei'ɔtik]adj. 混沌的48, appreciate [ə'pri:ʃieit]vt. 欣赏49, hint [hint]n. 暗示50, peek [pi:k]n. 一瞥51, wrap [ræp]vt.隐藏52, mess up 搞糟53, suff [sʌf] 材料54, pumpkin ['pʌmpkin, 'pʌŋ-]n. 南瓜55, depiction [di'pikʃən]n. 描写56, subject ['sʌbdʒikt]n. 主题57, idealized adj. 理想化的58, blanket ['blæŋkit]n. 毛毯59, hall [hɔ:l]n. 门厅60, observe [əb'zə:v]vi. 观察61, posture ['pɔstʃə]n. 姿势62, element ['elimənt]n. 元素63, cattle ['kætl]n.牛64, remind [ri'maind]vt. 提醒65, bleak [bli:k]adj. 冷酷的；单调的66, fence ['fens]n. 栅栏67, foreground ['fɔ:ɡraud]n. 前景；最显著的位置68, overall ['əuvərɔ:l, ,əuvə'rɔ:l]adv. 全部地；总的说来69, impression [im'preʃən]n. 印象70, pinkish ['piŋkiʃ]adj. 略带桃色的；较为激进的71, blurry ['blə:ri]adj. 模糊的72, aspect ['æspekt]n.方面73, stress [stres]n. 压力1, approach [ə'prəutʃ] n. 方法；途径2, elementary [,eli'mentəri]adj. 基本的3, goal [ɡəul]n. 目标4, in particular 尤其，特别5, astronomy [ə'strɔnəmi]n. 天文学6, unit ['ju:nit]n. 单位，单元7, master ['mɑ:stə, 'mæstə] n.主人 vt. 控制8, interdisciplinary [,intə'disiplinəri]adj. 各学科间的9, mythology [mi'θɔlɔdʒi]n. 神话10, solar ['səulə]adj. 太阳的11, system ['sistəm]n. 制度12, god n. 神13, chose [tʃəuz]n. 选择（choose 的过去式）14, oral ['ɔ:rəl, 'ɔ-]n. 口试15, grade [ɡreid]n. 年级16, plus [plʌs]prep. 加17, then [ðen] conj. 然后n. 那时18, apply [ə'plai]vt. 申请；应用19, rough [rʌf]adj. 粗糙的20, right [rait]adv. 正确地；恰当地21, kind of 有点儿；有几分22, no matter what 无论什么23, determine [di'tə:min]vt. 决定24, technique [tek'ni:k]n. 技巧25, formation [fɔ:'meiʃən]n. 形成；构造26, analysis [ə'næləsis]n. 分析27, fundamental [,fʌndə'mentəl]n. 基本原理28, canyon ['kænjən]n. 峡谷29, sandstone ['sændstəun]n. 砂岩；沙岩30, solidified [sə'lidəfaid]adj. 凝固的31, sample ['sɑ:mpl, 'sæ-]n. 例子32, grain [ɡrein]n. 粮食；纹理33, molten ['məultən]adj. 熔化的（molt的过去分词）34, magma ['mæɡmə]n. 岩浆35, entirely [in'taiəli] adv. 完全地，彻底地36, volcano [vɔl'keinəu]n. 火山37, larva ['lɑ:və]n. 幼虫38, contain [kən'tein]vt. 包含39, radioactive [,reidiəu'æktiv]adj. 放射性的；有辐射的40, zircon ['zə:kɔn]n. [矿物] 锆石41, flow [fləu]n. 流动42, end up 结束；死亡43, obvious ['ɔbviəs]adj. 明显的44, already [ɔ:l'redi]adv. 已经45, refinement [ri'fainmənt]n. 提纯46, uranium [ju'reiniəm]n. [化学] 铀47, lead [[li:d], [led]]n. 铅48, flatten out 变平49, fairly ['fεəli]adv. 相当地50, vast [vɑ:st, væst]adj.巨大的51, wisdom ['wizdəm]n. 智慧52, conventional [kən'venʃənəl]adj. 传统的53, regular ['reɡjulə]adj. 定期的；有规律的54, recent ['ri:sənt]adj. 最近的；近代的55, part [pɑ:t] n. 部分vt.分开56, kilometer ['kiləumi:tə]n. [计量] 公里57, within [wi'ðin, wi'θin]prep. 在…之内58, particle ['pɑ:tikl]n. 颗粒59, measure ['meʒə]n. 测量；措施60, amount [ə'maunt]n. 数量61, match [mætʃ]n. 比赛，匹配62, establish [i'stæbliʃ]vt. 建立63, granite ['ɡrænit]n. 花岗岩64, assumption [ə'sʌmpʃən]n. 假定65, efficient [i'fiʃənt]adj. 有效率的66, accurate ['ækjurət]adj. 精确的67, predict [pri'dikt]vi. 作出预言68, method ['meθəd]n. 方法69, split [split]vt. 分离70, conclusively [kən'klu:sivli]adv. 最后地；决定性地71, evidence ['evidəns]n. 证据72, continent ['kɔntinənt]n. 大陆73, possibility [,pɔsə'biləti]n. 可能性74, archeology [,ɑ:ki'ɔlədʒi]n. 考古学75, agriculture ['æɡrikʌltʃə]n. 农业76, concentrate ['kɔnsəntreit]vi. 集中77, physical ['fizikəl] 身体的78, remain [ri'mein]vi. 留下79, layout ['leiaut]n. 布局；设计80, excavation [,ekskə'veiʃən]n. 挖掘，发掘81, bury ['beri]vt. 埋葬；隐藏82, ancestor ['ænsestə]n. 始祖83, violent ['vaiələnt]adj. 暴力的84, attack [ə'tæk]n. 攻击85, grave [ɡreiv]n. 墓穴86, indicate ['indikeit]vt. 指出87, burial ['beriəl]n. 埋葬88, site [sait]n. 地点89, soot [su:t, sut]n. 烟灰90, plaster ['plɑ:stə, 'plæs-]vt. 涂以灰泥91, decorate ['dekəreit]vt. 装饰92, ash [æʃ]n. 灰；灰烬93, chimney ['tʃimni]n. 烟囱94, hatchway ['hætʃwei]n. 天窗95, storage ['stɔridʒ]n. 存储96, ladder ['lædə]n. 阶梯97, diagonal [dai'æɡənəl]n. 对角线98, hearth [hɑ:θ]n. 灶台99, rectangular ['rek'tæŋɡjulə]adj. 矩形的100, flake [fleik]vi. 剥落101, impressive [im'presiv]adj. 给人以深刻印象的102, obsidian [ɔb'sidiən, əb-]n. 黑曜石103, settlement ['setlmənt]n. 解决104, inhabitant [in'hæbitənt]n. 居民；居住者105, access ['ækses]n. 通路106, artifact ['ɑ:tifækt]n. 人工制品107, clue [klu:]n. 线索108, speculate ['spekjuleit]vi. 推测109, scene [si:n]n. 景象110, cereal ['siəriəl]n. 谷类111, religious [ri'lidʒəs]adj. 宗教的112, adapt [ə'dæpt]vi. 适应114, marmot ['mɑ:mət]n. [脊椎] 旱獭，[脊椎] 土拨鼠115, squirrel ['skwə:rəl]n. 松鼠116, average ['ævəridʒ]n. 平均117, environment [in'vaiərənmənt]n. 环境118, roughly ['rʌfli]adv. 粗糙地119, weather ['weðə]n. 天气120, field ['fi:ld]n. 领域121, edible ['edibl]n. 食品122, mature [mə'tjuə]adj. 成熟的123, as if 犹如，好似124, offspring ['ɔfspriŋ, 'ɔ:-]n. 后代125, separate ['sepəreit, 'sepərit]n. 分开126, mate [meit]vi. 交配127, hibernation [,haibə'neiʃən]n. 冬眠128, territorial [,teri'tɔ:riəl]adj. 领土的129, ritual ['ritjuəl, -tʃu-]n. 仪式130, emerge [i'mə:dʒ]vi. 暴露131, impersonal [im'pə:sənəl]adj. 客观的132, availability [ə,veilə'biləti] n. 可用性133, refer to 参考134, loner ['ləunə]n. 孤独的人135, herb [hə:b, ə:b]n. 香草，药草136, frost [frɔst]n. 霜137, vegetative ['vedʒitətiv] adj. 植物的138, temperate ['tempərit]adj. 温和的139, reside [ri'zaid]vt. 住140, region ['ri:dʒən]n. 地区141, last [lɑ:st, læst] vi. 持续142, behavioral [bi'heivjərəl]adj. 行为的143, rodent ['rəudənt]n. 啮齿动物144, habitat ['hæbitæt]n. 栖息地145, portion ['pɔ:ʃən, 'pəu-]n. 部分146, subject ['sʌbdʒikt, -dʒe-, səb'dʒekt]n. 主题147, physically ['fizikli]adv. 身体上，身体上地148, survival [sə'vaivəl]n. 幸存149, harsh [hɑ:ʃ]adj 粗糙的150, nurture ['nə:tʃə] vt. 养育151, increase [in'kri:s, 'inkri:s]n. 提高152, cooperation [kəu,ɔpə'reiʃən]n. 合作153, inhabit [in'hæbit]vt. 栖息154, aggressive [ə'ɡresiv]adj. 侵略性的155, greeting ['ɡri:tiŋ]n. 问候156, bizarre [bi'zɑ:]adj. 奇异的157, ceremony ['seriməuni]n. 典礼158, meadow ['medəu]n. 草地；牧场159, rely on 依靠，依赖。
TPO阅读生词
TPO11saturate v.浸透;使湿透;渗透;使充满meteoric adj.流星的;大气的;疾速的precipitation n.降水，降水量emerge v.浮现,脱出,形成grain n.谷物;谷粒;谷类unconsolidated adj.未合并的，未统一的：gravel n.砂砾;砂砾层coarse adj.粗糙的,粗俗的,下等的deposit n.存款,堆积物,定金v.存放;堆积;沉淀scale n.刻度;刻度尺;尺度;比率#天平,秤;天平盘,秤盘#鳞,鱼鳞;鳞状物;介壳;障物spread n.传播,伸展,散布v.使伸展,使延伸;展开;张开;摊开;伸展,延伸;传开;延长;蔓延fanwise adv.adj.扇形的thick adj.厚的,浓的,粗壮的adv.厚厚地;浓浓地;密集地;强烈地n.最浓处,最密集处,最厚处sandbar n.沙洲gap n.缝隙,间断,缺口plug n.塞子,栓;插头,插塞;堵塞物;火花塞,点火栓v.堵,插上,塞;苦干,苦读;连接;接通电源;枪击cement n.水泥;接合剂v.接合;巩固;用水泥涂;粘牢percolate v.过滤;使浸透;使渗出;过滤;浸透;渗出form n.形状,形式,表格;构架,模具;留有空行有待填写的档案;合适,健康;情绪;种类;分级;风俗,社会标准;次序,规则;格式;包括接收使用者输入选择的超文件档案区域(计算机,因特网用语)v.形成;塑造;构成;构;成形;排,列;被形成;开始形成proportion n.比例,部份,均衡v.使成比例,分摊,使均衡consist v.组成,构成;一致,符合;在于,存在于basalt n.玄武岩permeability n.渗透;可透性;渗透性;导磁性crevice n.裂缝drain n.排水沟;排水;消耗v.排出沟外;耗尽;喝干;排水;流干cling v.粘紧;紧贴;附着tension n.紧张,拉紧,不安instant n.立即,瞬间adj.立即的,即时的porosity n.多孔性,有孔性2speculation n.思索;推测;沉思;投机concrete n.水泥,混凝土v.使凝固;用混凝土修筑;使结合;浇混凝土于;凝结,固结adj.具体的,水泥的,实在的anthropologist n.人类学者;人类学家envision v.想象;预想briefly adv.暂时地;简要地attribute n.属性;标志,象征;特质,特性;定语v.归于,属于desirable adj.值得向往的;令人满意的;值得拥有的;富有魅力的occurrence n.发生,发现,事件favor(Amer.)n.赞成,赞同;偏袒;偏爱;善意的行为apparent adj.显然的;外观上的certain adj.确定的,必然的,某refine v.提炼,精炼;提去;精制;使升华,使...的道德完善;被提炼,被提纯;变得优雅精美;变纯净;琢磨,推敲modify v.更改,修改;修饰;缓和,减轻rite n.仪式,习俗,典礼feat n.壮举,技艺表演,功绩elaborate v.精心制作;详细阐述;详细说明;变得复杂;详尽计划adj.精细的,精心的,详尽的pantomime n.手势,舞剧,哑剧v.用手势传达;演哑剧;用手势示意virtuosity n.精湛技艺;艺术爱好者;对艺术品的爱好;古董收藏家instinct n.本能,直觉detach v.分开;分遣;分离sufficient adj.充份的,足够的norm n.基准,标准,模范aesthetic adj.美学的;艺术的;美的;审美的3subtropics n.亚热带,副热带deciduous adj.每年落叶的,非永久性的broadleaf adj.阔叶的birch n.桦树,桦条,桦木v.用桦条鞭打deform v.使残缺,使变形;变畸形;变形duration n.持续时间;为期prone adj.有...倾向的,易于...的;倾斜的;俯卧的,面向下的;陡的cessation n.停止browse n.嫩叶,嫩芽,嫩枝;浏览;吃草v.吃叶;浏览,随便翻阅;吃;吃;随便翻阅;吃...上的草;随意观看ibex n.野生山羊bud n.芽;花蕾;叶芽;萌芽,未成熟的事物#小孩,少女v.发芽,抽芽;啄食嫩芽;开始生长;使发芽;接;发芽生出moss n.苔藓,泥沼crucial adj.决定性的,严厉的,重要的equatorial adj.赤道的;酷热的;赤道附近的TPO21cetacean n.鲸类动物;鲸porpoise n.海豚,小鲸fluke n.锚爪#侥幸#比目鱼disguise n.假面目,假装v.假装,隐瞒affinity n.倾向,喜好,本性;密切关系;姻亲关系;类同dwelling n.住处,寓所,住宅breed n.品种;种类,类型v.产,孵;养育;使繁殖,饲养;培育;生产;繁殖,育种;孕育;滋生,产生vestigial adj.留有痕迹的;退化的;残余的rear n.后部,后面;后方;背后,背面;后尾v.抚养,培养;栽种,培植;饲养;竖起,举起;高耸;用后腿站起;暴跳adj.后面的,背后的,后部的;殿后的;后方的propulsion n.推进,推进力2border n.边缘,边沿;边界,国界,边境;饰边,滚边;应用视窗四面的框架(计算机用语)v.与...接壤;接近;毗邻,接界;近似potential n.潜在性,可能性adj.有潜力的,潜在的,可能的margin n.页边的空白;极限;边缘severe adj.严厉的,剧烈的,严格的excessive adj.过度的,极端的,格外的pulverization n.研碎;彻底摧毁;粉碎;毁灭conditioner n.调节器;调节剂;调节员;教练drainage n.排水rigorously adv.严厉地;残酷地3consumption n.消费;消耗device n.装置;图案;设计;可以发送或接受数据的硬件成分(计算机用语)parlor n.客厅;休息室,接待室;起居室;店permit n.通行证,执照,许可证v.允许,容许purchase n.购买,价值,购买品v.买,购买;用起重装置举起;赢得,努力取得,获得admission n.加入许可;入场券;承认,坦白vaudeville n歌舞杂耍表演（提供多种短小节目的舞台娱乐演出）makeshift n.临时代用品;权宜之计adj.临时代用的;权宜的fairground n.举行赛会的场所;露天市场minstrel n.吟游诗人manipulation n.处理;操纵;操作TPO31aspiration n.渴望;热望feasible1adj.切实可行的mediocre adj.平常的，普通的integral1adj.组成的,整的,不可分割的brick n.砖;砖块状物;砖块;积木v.用砖砌organ n.风琴,机关,器官plumbing n[U]（建筑物的）管道装置igloo n(pl~s)（爱斯基摩人用坚硬雪块砌成的临时栖身用的）拱形圆顶小屋. permanence n[U]永久;永恒;恒久arduous adj.费力的,艰难的pile n.堆;大量;一堆;大数目#柱,桩#绒毛;软毛,茸毛v.堆积,叠;把...堆在;累积;装;堆积;拥,挤;累积;把桩打入;用桩支撑beam n.1.大梁;2.(光线的)束,柱semicircular adj.半圆形的.span v.跨越n.跨度,一段时间divert v.转移,(使)转向2rancher n.大农(牧)场主或工人formation n.1.形成,构成2.固定形状；编队estimate1vt.估计indicate1vt.指示,指出;象征,表明onward1adj.[attrib作定语](espfml较文)向前的;前进的spray n.喷雾,飞沫v.向...喷射,喷sorghum n[U]高粱.wheat n[U]小麦finite adj（时间、空间）有限的；非永久性的negligible adj不重要的;很小的;不值得考虑的drastically adv.大大地;激烈地;彻底地withdrawal v.提取，收回pump n.泵v.(用泵)抽(水),抽吸project n.计划,方案v.投射,射出;设计,计划conserve v.保存,保藏crisis n(plcrises)[C,U]危机;（疾病、生命、历史等的）决定性时刻grandiose adj(usuderog通常作贬义)庞大的;浮夸的pipeline n.管道,输送管道capillary n.毛细血管3climax n.高峰,顶点cumulative adj（数量、力量等）渐增的,累积的pond n.池塘definition n（轮廓等）清晰（指轮廓非常分明的状态）；定义，释义（对意思确切的阐述）resilience n[U]1弹性;弹力;迅速恢复的能力;适应性2（指人）乐观的性情:pale adj.(颜色或指不健康的)苍白的,暗淡的TPO41restrict1v.限制,约束meadow n[C,U]草地;（尤指）牧场;（河边的）低洼地cedar n(a)[C]雪松hemlock n1[C,U]毒芹（有毒,开小白花）.2[U]由毒芹提取的毒药alder n桤木（桦木科,通常生长于沼泽地带）.arboreal adj.树栖的;树的,乔木的fodder n[U]（马及其他牲畜的）饲料,草料,秣fluctuate1v.波动,起伏bemoan v(sb/sth)为（某人[某事物]）而悲伤,抱怨:succulent adj.多汁的,多水分的starve v.挨饿elk n.麋鹿picturesquely adv.如画地,别致地;生动地plight n.(恶劣的)情势,困境cougar n美洲狮lynx n猞猁2trace1n.痕迹;v.跟踪；追溯backdrop n.舞台背景;背景reveal v.展现;揭露horn n1（牛、鹿、羊等动物的）角.2[C]（乐器中的）号:3[C]示警装置:4[C]像动物的角之物（如蜗牛的触角）.5[C]（新月的）钩尖.bovine adj1牛的;关于牛的.2(derog贬)迟钝的;笨拙的portrayal n1[U]画像;描述;描写;扮演.2[C]描摹;表现spear n.矛figurine n小塑像;（尤指）人的雕像fertility n[U]肥沃;多产;丰富3derrick n1转臂起重机;（尤指轮船上的）桅杆起重机.2井架;钻塔spout1n[C]1供液体流出的凸起管状物（如落水管或茶壶嘴）:2（喷出的）液体流,液体柱.3没指望;毁坏;完蛋v1（指液体）喷出,涌出:(b)喷出,涌出（液体）:(c)（指鲸）喷水.2口,通常作贬义没完没了地大声吟诵（诗歌等）或说话gusher n喷油井（自动流出的油井）.kerosene n.煤油slick2n海面浮油（尤指从撞毁的油轮中流出的）ashore adv上岸;上陆;在岸上;在陆上TPO51nitrate n硝酸盐ion n化或物,离子notorious adj臭名昭著的;声名狼藉的tolerate v1容忍（不喜欢或不赞成的某事物）2忍受（某人[某事]）3能服用（药等）;能经受（治疗）depletion n削减;消耗stunt2v[尤用于被动语态]阻碍（某事物[某人]）的正常生长或发展deficient adj(a)[通常作表语]缺乏;缺少:(b)不完全的;不完美的;不适当的;不充足的slender adj(-er,-est)1细长的;纤细的(b)（指人）瘦长的,苗条的2微薄的;不足的;微少的anthocyanin n.花青素discoloration n(a)[U]变色;退色(b)[C]变色点;退色点;污点petiole n.叶柄;柄部phosphorus n[U](chemistry化)(a)磷.(b)红磷omit v(-tt-)1未做某事物;忘记做某事物;不做某事物;忽略;疏忽:2未包括,不包括（某事物）;省略;删除;遗漏;排除chloride n氯化物mercury n汞;水银pathogen n病菌；病原体scenario n(pl~s)1（电影、戏剧等的）脚本、剧情概要等.2想象中的未来事情的顺序harvest1n1(a)收割;收获.(b)收获季节;收获期:(c)收成;收获量:2结果TPO61harnessing v.给（马等）装上挽具(harness的现在分词)；治理，利用reciprocating adj.往复的；交互的；摆动的n.往复v.往复运动（reciprocate的ing形式）；互给；报答rotary adj.旋转的，转动的；轮流的n.旋转式机器；[动力]转缸式发动机rivaled n.对手；竞争者vt.与…竞争；比得上某人vi.竞争adj.竞争的n.(Rival)人名；(英、法、西)里瓦尔lamp n.灯；照射器vt.照亮vi.发亮n.(Lamp)人名；(英、德、匈、瑞典)兰普flickering adj.闪烁的，忽隐忽现的；摇曳的v.闪烁（flicker的ing形式）gaslit adj.以煤气灯照明的blast n.爆炸；冲击波；一阵vi.猛攻vt.爆炸；损害；使枯萎n.(Blast)人名；(德)布拉斯特furnaces n.炉子，[炉窑]熔炉（furnace复数形式）canal n.运河；[地理]水道；[建]管道；灌溉水渠vt.在…开凿运河n.(Canal)人名；(英、法、西、意、葡)卡纳尔；(土)贾纳尔terrain n.[地理]地形，地势；领域；地带ingredient n.原料；要素；组成部分adj.构成组成部分的wagon n.货车，四轮马车vt.用运货马车运输货物n.(Wagon)人名；(法、德)瓦贡2surveyor n.测量员；检验员parish n.教区地方行政区strata n.层；[地质]地层；阶层n.(Strata)人名；(意、塞)斯特拉塔meticulously adv.细致地；一丝不苟地；拘泥地stratum n.（组织的）层；[地质]地层；社会阶层temporal adj.暂时的；当时的；现世的n.世间万物；暂存的事物n.(Temporal)人名；(法)唐波拉尔valid adj.有效的；有根据的；合法的；正当的3toddler n.学步的小孩；幼童装TPO71tearinto猛攻：抢夺食物；3hoe n锄头（用于割草、耕作及园艺）TPO81edifices n.大厦；大建筑物obsidian n.黑曜石prosperous adj.繁荣的；兴旺的2basin n.水池；流域；盆地；盆n.(Basin)人名；(俄)巴辛；(法)巴赞crippled adj.残废的，跛腿的v.使成跛子；使受伤致残（cripple的过去分词形式）cope vi.处理；对付；竞争n.长袍n.(Cope)人名；(英)科普；(西)科佩bombard vt.轰炸；炮击n.射石炮n.(Bombard)人名；(法)邦巴尔eradicated adj.画着根的v.摆脱；擦掉；连根拔起（eradicate的过去分词）3relics n.遗迹；遗骸；纪念物（relic的复数）TPO91impetus n.动力；促进；冲力2collaborative adj.合作的，协作的3drenching n.湿透bowels n.内脏（尤指人的肠）；同情心；勇气（bowel的复数）v.取出…的肠子（bowel的第三人称单数）fern n.[植]蕨；[植]蕨类植物mosses n.[植]苔藓，藓类；[植]苔藓植物（moss的复数）n.(Mosses)人名；(法)莫斯propagate vt.传播；传送；繁殖；宣传vi.繁殖；增殖angiosperm n.[植]被子植物gossamer n.蛛丝；薄纱；小蜘蛛网adj.轻飘飘的；薄弱的vicissitudes n.变迁；兴衰；枯荣；（人生的）盛衰（vicissitude的复数）encapsulated adj.密封的；包在荚膜内的v.压缩（encapsulate的过去分词）；封进内部；装入胶囊TPO101porcelain n.瓷；瓷器adj.瓷制的；精美的ceramics n.制陶术，制陶业（ceramic的复数）prosperous adj.繁荣的；兴旺的instigated vt.唆使；煽动；教唆；怂恿cobalt n.[化学]钴；钴类颜料；由钴制的深蓝色2interval n.间隔；间距；幕间休息proxy n.代理人；委托书；代用品intriguing adj.有趣的；迷人的v.引起…的兴趣；策划阴谋；私通（intrigue的ing形式）3textile n.纺织品，织物adj.纺织的cottage n.小屋；村舍；（农舍式的）小别墅ravages n.毁坏后的残迹；劫掠后的残迹；破坏的结果（ravage的复数）v.破坏（ravage的第三人称单数形式）；毁坏spun adj.纺成的v.纺（spin的过去分词）；旋转wove adj.布纹的n.布纹纸v.织布（weave的过去式）n.(Wove)人名；(英)沃夫scant adj.不足的；缺乏的；勉强够的vt.减少；节省；限制remuneration n.报酬；酬劳，赔偿rye n.黑麦；吉卜赛绅士adj.用黑麦制成的n.(Rye)人名；(英)赖伊promissory adj.约定的；允诺的；约定支付的equivalent adj.等价的，相等的；同意义的n.等价物，相等物currency n.货币；通货TPO111distinctive adj.有特色的，与众不同的forms n.表格（form的复数形式）；表单；窗体v.形成（form的第三人称单数）；培养；制作frontality n.（绘画及雕塑中对人物、风景等的）正面描绘decorative adj.装饰性的；装潢用的cults n.邪教；教派；崇拜的对象；狂热崇拜（cult的复数）n.(Cults)人名；(英)卡尔茨recipients n.收件人（recipient的复数）divine adj.神圣的；非凡的；天赐的；极好的vt.占卜；预言；用占卜勘探vi.占卜；预言；使用占卜勘探矿n.牧师；神学家n.(Divine)人名；(英)迪万shrines 圣地神殿神龛圣祠（shrine的复数）pylons n.[交]桥塔（pylon的复数）；架线塔pillars n.柱子；柱状物；台柱（pillar的复数）v.用柱支持（pillar的第三人称单数）compactness n.简洁；紧密；密实度；紧密度breakage n.破坏；破损；裂口；破损量wrapping n.包装纸，包装材料adj.包装用的v.裹住（wrap的ing形式）deities n.神明，神灵（deity的复数）depicts vt.描述；描画generic adj.类的；一般的；属的；非商标的bending n.弯曲度v.弯曲（bend的ing形式）squatting n.[水运]航行尾倾v.蹲；坐落于（squat的ing形式）2compass n.指南针，罗盘；圆规vt.包围overcast adj.阴天的；阴暗的；愁闷的vt.使沮丧；包缝；遮蔽operating adj.操作的；[外科]外科手术的v.操作（operate的ing形式）；动手术magnetism n.磁性，磁力；磁学；吸引力sensory adj.感觉的；知觉的；传递感觉的TPO121trace vi.追溯；沿路走vt.追踪，查探；描绘；回溯n.痕迹，踪迹；微量；[仪]迹线；缰绳stencils n.模板；钢板；[印刷]模版印刷（stencil的复数形式）implies v.意味着（imply的第三人称单数）；蕴含；暗指sprayed adj.喷雾的v.喷射；散布（spray的过去式和过去分词）palm n.手掌；棕榈树；掌状物vt.将…藏于掌中n.(Palm)人名；(英)帕姆；(瑞典)帕尔姆；(法、德、俄、捷、芬、挪)帕尔姆depicted vt.描述；描画wounded adj.受伤的n.受伤者，伤员v.使受伤（wound的过去分词）healed 恢复spiraling adj.盘旋的；成螺旋形的v.盘旋着上升或下降；成螺旋状旋转（spiral的ing形式）feature n.特色，特征；容貌；特写或专题节目vi.起重要作用vt.特写；以…为特色；由…主演rotated adj.旋转的v.旋转；使…转动；循环（rotate的过去分词）clockwise adv.顺时针方向地adj.顺时针方向的flakes n.鳞片；白点；发裂sequence n.[数][计]序列；顺序；续发事件vt.按顺序排好crescent n.新月；新月状物；伊斯兰教的标记；土耳其的新月形国徽adj.新月形的；逐渐增加的vt.以新月形物装饰；使成新月形n.(Crescent)人名；(法)克雷桑cortex n.[解剖]皮质；树皮；果皮cerebral adj.大脑的，脑的asymmetrical adj.[数]非对称的（等于asymmetric）；不均匀的；不匀称的2theatrical adj.戏剧性的；剧场的，戏剧的；夸张的；做作的phrased n.短语,习语,措辞,乐句vt.措词,将(乐曲)分成乐句conceals vt.隐藏；隐瞒triumph n.胜利，凯旋；欢欣vi.获得胜利，成功aesthetic adj.美的；美学的；审美的，具有审美趣味的suppressed adj.抑制的，发育不全的v.镇压，禁止（suppress的过去时和过去分词）perspective n.观点；远景；透视图adj.透视的strain n.张力；拉紧；负担；扭伤；血缘vi.拉紧；尽力vt.拉紧；滥用；滤去；竭力n.(Strain)人名；(英)斯特兰predicted adj.预测的v.预计（predict的过去分词）；预示inadequacies 不足synchronization n.[物]同步；同时性amplification n.[电子]放大（率）；扩大；详述fragile adj.脆的；易碎的invariably adv.总是；不变地；一定地neglected adj.被忽视的；未被好好照管的v.忽视；疏忽（neglect的过去分词）wireless adj.无线的；无线电的n.无线电vt.用无线电报与…联系；用无线电报发送vi.打无线电报；打无线电话collaboration n.合作；勾结；通敌assets n.资产；宝贵的人材；有益的品质；[经]财产；有利条件（一项）财物；资产（asset的名词店、破产者等的）财产；遗产；有价值的人或物conversion n.转换；变换；[金融]兑换；改变信仰virtually adv.事实上，几乎；实质上prohibitive adj.禁止的，禁止性的；抑制的；（费用，价格等）过高的；类同禁止的3depressions n.[经]萧条（depression的复数形式）；按下；抑制；[内科]抑郁症sustaining adj.持续的；支持的v.维持（sustain的现在分词）；支持；承受silts n.砂浆；泥浆（silt的复数）v.淤积；使…淤塞（silt的第三人称单数）fertile adj.富饶的，肥沃的；能生育的intervention n.介入；调停；妨碍massifs 【地质学】山丘；地块；断层块；大楼，大厦survey n.调查；测量；审视；纵览vt.调查；勘测；俯瞰vi.测量土地appropriate adj.适当的；恰当的；合适的vt.占用，拨出extraction n.取出；抽出；拔出；抽出物；出身cavities n.腔（cavity的复数形式）；[医]空洞；蛀牙；插线孔deposits n.[金融]存款；[地质]沉积物（deposit的复数）；订金v.[地质]沉积（deposit的单三形式）；存储；付保证金saline adj.盐的；含盐分的n.盐湖；碱盐泻药TPO131gripe n牢骚;怨言;不平;不满2chronobiology n.时间生物学eukaryote n.真核生物3overgeneralize v.过度概括stimuli n.刺激,刺激品,激励(stimulus复数)TPO141accused n.被告adj.被控告的v.指责；控告（accuse的过去式）intentionally adv.故意地，有意地cereal n.谷类，谷物；谷类食品；谷类植物adj.谷类的；谷类制成的format n.格式；版式；开本vt.使格式化；规定…的格式vi.设计版式perceived v.感知；认为（perceive的过去分词）；领会adj.感知到的；感观的animated adj.活生生的；活泼的；愉快的vt.使…有生气（animate的过去式）conflated vt.合并；异文合并blending n.混合；调配；混和物adj.混合的v.混合；协调（blend的ing形式）validated adj.经过验证的v.确认（validate的过去式及过去分词形式）；使生效endorses vt.背书；认可；签署；赞同；在背面签名perceptions n.认知；观念（perception的复数）；理解2equator n.赤道presumably adv.大概；推测起来；可假定hurricanes n.[气象]飓风（hurricane的复数）paradoxically adv.自相矛盾地；似非而是地；反常地elevation n.高地；海拔；提高；崇高；正面图sinkholes n.污水坑；排水口；阴沟口cenotes n.天然井plugged adj.堵塞的；塞紧的v.堵塞；接通电源（plug的过去分词）karst n.喀斯特地形（石灰岩地区常见的地形）n.(Karst)人名；(德、英、捷)卡斯特plastered adj.醉醺醺的；涂得厚厚的v.使平；涂以灰泥；粘贴；掩饰（plaster的过去分词形式）catchment n.流域；集水dikes 堤坝（dike的复数）3Pastoralism n.牧歌体；田园主义distinctive adj.有特色的，与众不同的terrain n.[地理]地形，地势；领域；地带nomadism n.游牧；流浪inhibits 抑制阻止rank n.排；等级；军衔；队列adj.讨厌的；恶臭的；繁茂的vt.排列；把…分等vi.列为；列队n.(Rank)人名；(英、德、芬、捷)兰克conquest n.征服，战胜；战利品n.(Conquest)人名；(英)康奎斯特hereditary adj.遗传的；世袭的；世代相传的n.遗传类hierarchies n.阶层，层级；[数]分层，分类TPO151contradiction n.矛盾；否认；反驳metabolism n.[生理]新陈代谢basking 晒太阳姥鲨proportionately adv.相称地，成比例地sheer adj.绝对的；透明的；峻峭的；纯粹的adv.完全；陡峭地vi.偏航vt.使偏航；使急转向n.偏航；透明薄织物bulk n.体积，容量；大多数，大部分；大块vt.使扩大，使形成大量；使显得重要n.(Bulk)人名；(土)布尔克reptilian adj.爬虫类的；卑鄙的n.爬虫类动物aerodynamic adj.空气动力学的，[航]航空动力学的countercurrent n.逆流；逆电流adv.相反地coiled adj.盘绕的；卷成圈的v.卷（coil的过去式和过去分词）；盘绕floe n.浮冰；大浮冰n.(Floe)人名；(英)弗洛2fail vi.失败，不及格；破产；缺乏；衰退vt.不及格；使失望；忘记；舍弃n.不及格n.(Fail)人名；(葡、捷)法伊尔；(法)法伊destruction n.破坏，毁灭；摧毁recurred vi.复发；重现；采用；再来；循环；递归ammonoids [古生]菊石类drastic adj.激烈的；猛烈的n.烈性泻药recurrent adj.复发的；周期性的，经常发生的deflecting adj.偏转的；变向的v.使偏（deflect的ing形式）；打歪devastation n.毁坏，荒废collided v.碰撞，冲突（collide的过去分词）estimated adj.估计的；预计的；估算的spewed vt.喷出；呕吐vi.喷涌；呕吐debris n.碎片，残骸n.(Debris)人名；(法)德布里herbivores n.[动]食草动物，植食动物；食草者（herbivore的复数形式）carnivores n.[动]食肉动物；食虫植物（carnivore的复数）presence n.存在；出席；参加；风度；仪态deposits n.[金融]存款；[地质]沉积物（deposit的复数）；订金v.[地质]沉积（deposit的单三形式）；存储；付保证金sedimentary adj.沉淀的abundance n.充裕，丰富immense adj.巨大的，广大的；无边无际的；非常好的intense adj.强烈的；紧张的；非常的；热情的3hexagonal adj.六边的，六角形的granular adj.颗粒的；粒状的intermediate vi.起媒介作用adj.中间的，中级的n.[化学]中间物；媒介flakes n.鳞片；白点；发裂firn n.积雪；[水文]粒雪n.(Firn)人名；(法、德)菲恩chunks n.大块，矮胖的人或物（chunk的复数形式）calving n.产犊；裂冰作用v.产犊；崩解（calve的ing形式）deceiving v.欺骗（deceive的ing形式）static adj.静态的；静电的；静力的n.静电；静电干扰thereby adv.从而，因此；在那附近；在那方面reshaping v.矫形；使…再成形；[建]重新修整（reshape的ing形式）TPO161deposits n.[金融]存款；[地质]沉积物（deposit的复数）；订金v.[地质]沉积（deposit的单三形式）；存储；付保证金metallic adj.金属的，含金属的ore n.矿；矿石n.(Ore)人名；(意、瑞典)奥雷；(英)奥尔gems n.[宝]宝石（gem的复数形式）n.(Gems)人名；(德)格姆斯tutelage n.监护；指导rank n.排；等级；军衔；队列adj.讨厌的；恶臭的；繁茂的vt.排列；把…分等vi.列为；列队n.(Rank)人名；(英、德、芬、捷)兰克blurred adj.模糊不清的；被弄污的v.玷污；使…模糊不清；使感觉迟钝（blur的过去式和过去分词）sect n.宗派kinship n.[法]亲属关系，家属关系；亲密关系repudiate vt.拒绝；否定；批判；与…断绝关系；拒付v.概念化（conceptualize的过去分词）egalitarian adj.平等主义的n.平等主义；平等主义者shepherds n.牧羊人；牧人（shepherd的复数）；牧师v.带领（shepherd的三单形式）；放牧；照看flourished n.兴旺；茂盛；挥舞；炫耀；华饰vt.夸耀；挥舞vi.繁荣，兴旺；茂盛；活跃；处于旺盛时期mercantile adj.商业的；商人的；重商主义的n.商品peculiar adj.特殊的；独特的；奇怪的；罕见的n.特权；特有财产moral adj.道德的；精神上的；品性端正的n.道德；寓意n.(Moral)人名；(德、法、西、葡、土)莫拉尔stance n.立场；姿态；位置；准备击球姿势cement vt.巩固，加强；用水泥涂；接合vi.粘牢n.水泥；接合剂aristocratic adj.贵族的；贵族政治的；有贵族气派的pastoralists n.牧民；放牧者；田园诗的作者（pastoralist的复数形式）pastures 牧草fragile adj.脆的；易碎的monetary adj.货币的；财政的circumvented vt.包围；陷害；绕行prowl vi.徘徊，潜行vt.在…搜寻；潜行于n.徘徊，潜行；悄悄踱步2prediction n.预报；预言descriptive adj.描写的，叙述的；描写性的arrange vt.安排；排列；整理vi.安排；排列；协商properties n.性能；道具，内容（property的复数形式）columns 塔器indicated adj.表明的；指示的v.表明（indicate的过去分词）；指出；显示bolder adj.更粗的；更醒目的n.(Bolder)人名；(德)博尔德尔scheme n.计划；组合；体制；诡计vi.搞阴谋；拟订计划vt.计划；策划n.(Scheme)人名；(瑞典)谢默residual n.剩余；残渣adj.剩余的；残留的3hub n.中心；毂；木片n.(Hub)人名；(捷)胡布divided adj.分裂的；分开的；有分歧的v.分开（divide的过去分词）；分离infinitesimally adv.极小地primordial adj.原始的；根本的；原生的TPO171ties n.结v.绑；连结impetus n.动力；促进；冲力distrusted vt.不信任n.不信任怀疑irresistible adj.不可抵抗的；不能压制的；极为诱人的lesser adj.较少的；次要的；更小的adv.较少地；更小地；不及n.(Lesser)人名；(英、德)莱塞voyage n.航行；航程；旅行记vi.航行；航海vt.飞过；渡过masts [船]船桅[船]桅杆（mast的复数形式）sails n.[船]帆；航行（sail的复数）v.扬帆；乘船航行（sail的第三人称单数）lateen adj.大三角帆的；有大三帆的n.大三角帆船astrolabe n.[天]星盘；天体观测仪operated adj.操作的v.操作（operate的过去式和过去分词）precise adj.精确的；明确的；严格的originated v.起源，发起；发明（originate的过去式，过去分词）；准备呼叫acceptance n.接纳；赞同；容忍protocols n.协议；礼仪礼节；条款（protocol的复数）v.拟定议定书；拟定草案（protocol的三单形式）2appearances n.外观，外貌indistinct adj.模糊的，不清楚的；朦胧的；难以清楚辨认的conspicuous adj.显着的；显而易见的pattern n.模式；图案；样品vt.模仿；以图案装饰vi.形成图案camouflage n.伪装，掩饰vt.伪装，掩饰vi.伪装起来carnival n.狂欢节，嘉年华会；饮宴狂欢limelight n.石灰光，石灰光灯；众人注目的中心vt.使显露头角，使受到注目penetrated 鞭辟入里canopy n.天篷；华盖；遮篷；苍穹vt.用天蓬遮盖；遮盖scrublands n.灌木丛林地courtship n.求爱；求婚；求爱期inflating n.充气；加压v.膨胀；充气（inflate的ing形式）adj.膨胀的；充气的sacs n.[生物]囊，液囊；糖精（sac的复数）impediment n.口吃；妨碍；阻止ritualized adj.仪式化的；程序化的v.仪式化（ritualize的过去式）3derives 源于得自（derive的第三人称单数）immune adj.免疫的；免于……的，免除的n.免疫者；免除者strains n.[微]菌株（strain复数）；种族v.[力]拉紧；使过度劳累（strain的第三人称单数形式）inadvertently adj.非故意地，无心地flushed adj.激动的；心情愉快的v.使激动；排水（flush的过去式和过去分词）；脸发红hinder vi.成为阻碍vt.阻碍；打扰adj.后面的n.(Hinder)人名；(芬)欣德pollinators n.[植][农学]传粉者（pollinator的复数）association n.协会，联盟，社团；联合；联想catalysts [物化]催化剂distributed adj.分布式的，分布式的mutualism n.[生态]共栖，互利共生；互助论horn n.喇叭，号角；角vt.装角于n.(Horn)人名；(英、德、匈、捷、罗、波、芬、希、瑞典)霍恩；(法)奥尔恩洪acacia n.阿拉伯树胶；刺槐；金合欢属植物n.(Acacia)人名；(意)阿卡恰thorns n.[植]刺，刺尖（thorn的复数形式）；[植]荆棘leaflets 传单TPO181immediate adj.立即的；直接的；最接近的implications n.蕴涵式；暗指，暗示；含蓄，含意；卷入（implication的复数）kronor n.克朗（瑞典货币单位，krona的复数）abolished adj.废除的v.彻底废除；摧毁（abolish的过去分词）division n.[数]除法；部门；分割；师（军队）；赛区stakeout 监视；立桩标出；派警察监视prosperity n.繁荣，成功2reversing adj.回动的v.颠倒；倒转；完全改变（reverse的ing形式）predict vt.预报，预言；预知vi.作出预言；作预料，作预报conductance n.[电]电导；导率；电导系数fetuses 胎胎儿（fetus的复数）amniotic adj.[昆]羊膜的blockages n.堵塞，堵塞；封锁；妨碍distracting adj.分心的；分散注意力的v.使分心（distract的ing形式）；转移注意力incongruous adj.不协调的；不一致的；不和谐的3pellets n.芯块，小球（pellet的复数）；靶丸v.使形成小球（pellet的第三人称单数）collisions n.[物]碰撞；冲突；撞击（collision的复数形式）populate vt.居住于；构成人口；移民于；殖民于destructive adj.破坏的；毁灭性的；有害的，消极的surge n.汹涌；大浪，波涛；汹涌澎湃；巨涌v.汹涌；起大浪，蜂拥而来TPO191wake vi.醒来；唤醒；警觉vt.叫醒；激发n.尾迹；守夜；守丧n.(Wake)人名；(英)韦克fortifications n.[军]防御工事（fortification的复数）robbed vt.抢劫；使…丧失；非法剥夺vi.抢劫；掠夺stunted adj.发育不良的；成长受妨碍的；长得矮小的v.阻碍…发展（stunt的过去式及过去分词形式）rebellion n.叛乱；反抗；谋反；不服从fort n.堡垒；要塞；（美）边界贸易站vt.设要塞保卫vi.构筑要塞n.(Fort)人名；(法)福尔；(德、英、西、葡、匈)福特friction n.摩擦，[力]摩擦力entwined vt.缠住；盘绕；使缠绕vi.缠住；盘绕auxiliary n.助动词；辅助者，辅助物；附属机构adj.辅助的；副的；附加的hereditary adj.遗传的；世袭的；世代相传的n.遗传类regiments n.兵团（regiment的复数）v.组团（regiment的第三人称单数形式）reverse n.背面；相反；倒退；失败vt.颠倒；倒转adj.反面的；颠倒的；反身的vi.倒退；逆叫TPO211harness v控制及利用（自然界的力量）以产生电能等generator n发电机geothermal adj.地热的circulate v（使某物）循环extract v1(a)取出;拔出:(b)获取（钱、消息等）（通常指获自不愿给予者）;强索:2压出,榨出（汁液等）:3从书、讲话等中选取（段落,例子,词句等）;摘录;选录reservoir n1（天然的或人工的）水库,蓄水池.2储藏;汇集fracture v（使某物）折断,破碎sink v下沉;沉没withdrawn(withdraw)v.撤回,撤消,取回;撤退,离开2scarce adj1难获得而不足的:2稀有;罕见oscillate v1（使某物）摆动:2（感情、行为、想法等）波动,动摇,犹豫:3（指电流、无线电波等）振荡,振动.brusque adj（指人及人的举止等）粗暴和唐突,无礼的nomadic adj游牧的;流浪的cognitive adj认知的;有关认识的fluidity n流动性;流动状态.integration n结合;综合;融合intensive1adj1(a)集中的;密集的(b)在有限时间内紧张工作的2彻底的3加强语气的:domesticate v尤用于被动语态使（某人）习惯于或喜爱家务和家庭生活他婚后已非常恋家了illiterate n文盲;无知的人inquire v.询问;调查;讯问;调查;查问3recount v详细叙述某事;讲述某事intrigued adj.好奇的;被迷住了的blossom v健康地成长;长成或发展成（某事物）;兴盛(b)变得活跃correlation n相互的关系。
托福TPO1-49阅读分类题材介绍
托福TPO1-49阅读分类题材介绍托福TPO1-49阅读分类题材介绍!托福阅读考试文章的题材也是偏好的，大家在复习的时候，掌握好这些题材的分类，对于我们的考试也是有一定的帮助的下面小编为大家整理了详细的内容，供大家参考!托福TPO1-49阅读分类题材介绍TPO 1-10(2篇)TPO 7: Ancient Rome and GreeceTPO 8: The Rise of TeotihuacanTPO 11-20(3篇)TPO 16: Trade and the Ancient Middle EastTPO 17: Europe’s Early Sea Trade with AsiaTPO 20: Early Settlements in the Southwest AsiaTPO 21-30(2篇)TPO 24: Moving into PueblosTPO 26: Sumer and the First Cities of the Ancient Near East TPO 31-40(4篇)TPO 32: Siam, 1851-1910TPO 33: The First CivilizationTPO 35: Europe in the twelfth centuryTPO 40: Ancient AthensTPO 41-50(3篇)TPO 41: Trade and Early State FormationTPO 46: The Commercial Revolution in Medieval EuropeTPO 47: Roman Cultural Influence on Britain由此总结，托福TPO阅读中历史地理城市类题材，此类文章在历史上共计出现过14篇，那么按照总数150篇范围来估算比例(14/150 = 9%)，我们可以得出该类型的文章在历史上的重现比例为9%，接近每10篇就会出现一篇的概率，绝对是高产概率。
【托福阅读备考】TPO1托福阅读词汇真题练习——championed&attributes
【托福阅读备考】TPO1托福阅读词汇真题练习——championed&attributes在托福阅读备考过程中，词汇题是阅读题中必考的一个部分，而想要成功答对所有词汇题，并非仅从词汇量一个方面入手就可以。
那么，在以下方面，我们就为大家带来一些TPO 中的经典词汇题，大家不妨来练习一下吧。
Paragraph 1: In seeking to describe the origins of theater, one must rely primarily on speculation, since there is little concrete evidence on which to draw. The most widely accepted theory, championed by anthropologists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, envisions theater as emerging out of myth and ritual. The process perceived by these anthropologists may besummarized briefly. During the early stages of its development, a society becomes aware of forces that appear to influence or control its food supply and well-being. Having little understanding of natural causes, it attributes both desirable and undesirable occurrences to supernatural or magical forces, and it searches for means to win the favor of these forces. Perceiving an apparent connection between certain actions performed by the group and the result it desires, the group repeats, refines and formalizes those actions into fixed ceremonies, or rituals. 【TPO1- The Origins of Theater】1. The word “championed” in the passage is closest in meaning to○changed○debated○created○supported2. The word “attributes” in the passage is closest in meaning to○ascribes ○leaves○limits○contrasts 答案：(4)(1)。
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TPO1:Dramatic 剧烈的，戏剧化的–- striking 显著的、突出的、惊人的Prevalent 普遍的，常见的–- predictable 可预见的Championed 拥护、支持–- SupportedAttributes 把。
归于 -- ascribesAutonomous 自主的、自治的、自发的– independentPenchant 倾向、嗜好、趣味 -- inclination 倾向Incredible 令人难以置信的 -- UnbelievableOut of sight 看不见、在视野之外 -- hiddenOverlie 躺在.。
上面，覆盖在。
上面 -- CoverSo much for – That is enough aboutPlugged 插入、填满– filled upTPO2:Threatened – endangeredDelicate 易碎的、纤弱的– fragile 易碎的Progressively 渐进的、日益增多的– increasinglyDevoid of 没有、缺乏– lacking inPrecious 宝贵的、珍贵的– valuableExposed 暴露的– visiblePropulsion 推进– moving forwardReadily 轻而易举的– easilyAssistance 帮助– helpExpanded 扩充的、展开的– was enlargedTPO3:Feasible 可行的– achievableEnhance 增加、提高– improveDevised 设计、发明– createdIntegral 完整的、必须的– essential 基本的、必要的Arduous 艰巨的、困难的– difficultEnsuring 跟随，接下来– subsequentUnprecedented 史无前例的–unlike anything in the past Virtually 几乎、实际上、事实上– almostInevitable 不可避免的、必然的– unavoidableParticular 特别的、特定的– specificGuarantee 保证、确保– ensurePale 苍白、使失色– loses significanceAdjacent 相邻– neighbouringTPO4Inhibits 阻止，阻拦– restrictsIn the same breath – immediatelyIndefinite period 没有限制的时间段– whose end has not been determined Rebound反弹– recovery 恢复Marked 标记的、明显的、显著的– considerablePrincipal 主要的– majorTrappings 装饰– decorationAccumulate沉积、聚集、累积– build up 增进、积累Adjacent – nearbySloping 倾斜的、斜坡的– incliningFoul 弄脏、污染– polluteTPO5:Exhibit 显示、显出– showFacilitate 促进、帮助、使容易– make easierSuspended 悬垂、悬挂– hungAfford 给予、提供–offerOverwhelming 压倒性的、势不可挡的– powerfulImplements 实施、执行、工具– toolsUndisputed 无可辩驳的、毫无疑问的– acknowledge 广为承认的Significant 显著的、重要的– importantRelatively 相对地– comparativelyDiversification 多样化– emergence of many varieties 出现很多种类Promote 促进、提升– encourageTPO6:Exploited 开采、开发、利用、剥削–utilizedVastly 极大地– greatlyGrew accustomed 习惯于– became used toRetained 保留、保持– maintainedRudimentary 基本的、初步的– basicMeticulously 仔细地– carefullyEndure 忍耐、耐久– survived 存活，从。
中坚持过来Virtually 事实上、几乎–nearlyPlausible 貌似可信的– believablePhenomenon 现象、事情– occurrence 出现，事件Critically 关键的、重要的– fundamentallyPerspective 观点、视角、前景– viewpointTPO7:Objective 目标、目的– purposeScores of 大量的– large numbersTurbulent 动荡的、狂暴的、骚动的– violent 暴力的，狂暴的Obsession with 着迷于…– fixation onFostered 培养、促进–encourageSpheres 球体– areaDiffused 扩散– spreadProfound 深刻的、意义深远的– far-reaching 深远的、广泛的Ritual 仪式的、常规的–ceremonial 仪式的Fleeing 逃跑– running away fromTPO8：Massive 大量的– very largePinpoint 找到、精确地瞄准– identify precisely 精准地识别Ingenuity 心灵手巧、精巧、足智多谋– cleverness Predominant 主要的、占显著优势的– principal 主要的Cope 应付– adapt 适应Fluctuations 波动、震荡、变化– variationsBombard 轰击、炮轰、撞击 -- strike 击打Disruption 打断、干扰– disturbance 干扰、骚乱Merge 合并– combineRelics 遗迹、残余– remains 剩余、残余Miniature 小型的、缩略图、小模型– smallHints 暗示、示意– clues 线索TPO9:Persuasively 有说服力的，令人信服的– convincingly 令人信服的Vast 巨大的– hugePrior – beforeInhospitable 不适于居住的，不好客的– not suitableImpetus 推动力、刺激– incentiveJustify 以。
为证明– supportFlourish 繁盛、繁荣– succeedObjective 客观的、目标– unbiased 公正的Compelling 引人注目的、令人信服的– persuasively 有说服力的At random 随机– without a definite patternAbundantly 丰富地、大量地–plentifullyPropagate 繁殖、传播– multiply 繁殖、增加Dormant 休眠的、静止的，潜伏的– inactiveTPO10:Status 状态、地位、重要身份– importanceEvolved 进化、演化– developedInstigated 教唆、鼓动、激起– causedWhereas 然而– whileStriking 显著的、吸引人的–noticeableErratic 古怪的、不稳定的、飘忽不定的– unpredictable 不可预测的Deliberations 深思熟虑、审议– discussionsInvoked 引起、求助– called uponKey – importantMeagre 贫乏的、不足的、瘦弱的– very lowTPO11:Vital 至关重要的– essential 必要的Context 背景、环境– environmentCore – centerDepicts 描述– portrays 画、描绘Perplexed 困惑– puzzled 迷惑Preposterous 荒唐的、可笑的– unbelievableAccumulating – increasingImpose on 施加影响于、强迫– place on 在。
上施加Artificial 人造的、人工的、虚假的– not real 不真实的Prediction 预测、预期、预报– expectationPinpoint 精确找到、瞄准– locate exactlyDerive 获取、获得– gainTPO12:Assisted – help withDepict 描述、描绘– pictureCriteria – standardsRegarded – consideredParadoxes 矛盾、自相矛盾的话– contradictions 矛盾Overshadowed 遮荫、使失去色彩– distracted from 困扰，使分心Neglected 忽视– failedDrastically 彻底地、激烈地– severely 剧烈地Dwellers 居民– inhabitantsFracture 断裂、裂隙、裂缝– cracks 裂缝Immobile 不动的、不变的–motionlessTPO13:Complex – elaborate 复杂的\精心制作的 (delicate 精美的\微妙的) Endowing 赋予\捐助– providing提供Size up 估量、估计– evaluate （enlarge 不对）Deviate 偏离、出轨– depart 离开Consequently 因此、所以– thereforePersistent 持续的– enduringDuration 时长– length 长度Sustained 持续的、长久的、维持的、连续的– uninterrupted (不间断的)Uniformly 统一地、一致地、持续地– consistentlyPotent 有效的、强有力的– powerfulQuantifiable 可计数的、可测量的– measurableTPO14:Verify 核实、证明– establish the truth ofAdept 熟练的、老练的– skilfulAttribute 特色、特征– characteristicsCredible 可信的– believableParadoxically 矛盾地、反常地– surprisingly 惊人的、出乎意外地Prolonged 延长的、长期的– extended 延长的Exhausted 消耗、用光– used up 用完、耗尽Prestige 威望、声望–status 地位Profoundly – far-reachingStriking – noticeableExploit – use to advantageTPO15:Interlocked 连锁、连接– linkedMatch 匹配– equalTransform 改变、使变形– changeDeceiving 欺骗性的– misleading 有误导性的（approximate 大约，exaggerated 夸大）Static 静止的– unchangedUnique among 独特的 -- different from all othersFeat 功绩、成就– remarkable achievementBulk 体积、容量、大块– mass 大量、块Courses through 轨迹、通过– run throughExtended 延伸、延长– longCount for 对。