完形填空专题微技能

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完形填空专题微技能

1. 跳读首尾句进行预测(文章体裁)

一般来讲,高考完形填空的首、尾句通常是不挖空的。先跳读这两句,便可判断体裁,猜想它要讲什么。若首句交代了when, where, who, what,即四个W,那么就是记叙文,很可能就是一个故事,为了测试语篇的理解能力,出题者特别注意选材的趣味性,其结尾往往出人意料,耐人寻味;若首句是提出或解释说明某事物,一般来说是说明文;若首句提出一个论点,那么就是议论文,有时也有夹叙夹议文。首句往往开宗明义,是文章的主题。细读首句可启示全文。而尾句又往往是对文章主题的总结。因此,要充分利用段首句提供的信息,去挖掘文章的思路,寻找文章的脉络与线索。

e.g. Evelyn Glennie was the first lady of solo percussion in Scotland. In an interview, she recalled how she became a percussion soloist (打击乐器独奏演员) in spite of her disability.

本文主要讲述的是苏格兰第一位女打击乐器独奏演员Evelyn Glennie在耳聋的情况下成功学习打击乐器的经历。根据首句给出的信息,下面我们可以猜想Evelyn Glennie学习打击乐器过程必然充满困难,而能够在耳聋的情况下学习打击乐器,Evelyn Glennie对音乐肯定也是充满热情的。

2. 利用语法分析解题

完形填空虽然以语境填空为主,但也有部分考查语法项目的题目。对于这类题,考生可以利用平时所学的词汇知识,分析单词(组)的使用范围、动词的及物和不及物,并利用句子结构、句式特点等知识全面衡量所有选项排除干扰。如:

___51___do you suppose he asked for them?

51. A. What B. How C. Who D. Which

【解析】本题中,do you suppose为插入成分。he asked for them是一个相对独立和完整的句子,因此空格处应该用副词How来修饰谓语动词asked,而不能用代词What, Who或Which。

___8___ I had been born in the 16th century, I would have had no job.

8. A. Because B. While C. If D. Since

【解析】根据后面的I had been born in the 16th century可知这只是个假设,是一个虚拟语气的条件句。故前面要用if引导。

3. 利用固定搭配解题

完形填空题中对词汇知识的考查,主要体现在习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析两方面。习惯用法是英语中某种固定的结构形态,即所谓的“习语”,不能随意改动。所以,考生平时应掌握好习惯用法。对词义辨析题的考查有加大力度的趋势。要做好这类题,需要有较大的词汇量和词语搭配能力、词语辨析能力,特别是在特定的语境中能灵活运用的能力。如:

They couldn’t read or write. They didn’t like to work and they never ___12___ baths.

12. A. took B. washed C. ran D. covered

【解析】本题考查的是固定搭配take a bath,意为“洗澡”。

I did very badly at school. My headmaster thought I was useless and when I was 14 he said, “You’re never going to be ___2___ but a failure.”

2. A. anything B. something C. everything D. nothing

【解析】本题考查习语anything but,意为“决不”“根本不”,即校长认为我肯定是一个失败的人。

4. 利用固定句型解题

完形填空虽然注重考查语境理解,但同时也会考到一些固定句型,考生掌握好这些句型,对确定题目的答案很有帮助。如:

I haven’t had a phone in the house for three weeks now, and it’s several days ___19___ I used a phone box.

19. A. as B. when C. if D. since

【解析】本题考查的是it’s…since…句型,意为“自从……已(多长时间了)”。这句话的意思是“自从我上次打投币电话已经有好几天了”。

It wasn’t long ___18___the po lice caught the thief.

18. A. after B. when C. before D. until

【解析】It wasn’t long before…是常用句型,意为“不久就……”。这里说的是不久警察就把小偷捉到了。“Why ___14___ you take a big man with you? You have to fight the sailor who is drunk.”

5. 利用复现信息解题

语篇复现的信息包括原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。语篇中有词汇和结构同现的现象,如与语篇话题相关、意义相关的词汇同时出现,结构同现,同义同现,修饰同现,因果同现等。因此,利用上下文寻找解题信息,确定正确答案。如:

First of all, I respected his ___3___ to teaching. Because his lectures were always well-prepared and clearly delivered, students crowded into his classroom.

3. A. attention B. introduction C. relation D. devotion

【解析】空格后面的句子说到教授的讲座准备充分、讲解清楚(well-prepared and clearly delivered),由此可知教授为教育做出了很大的贡献,devotion to sth意为“对……贡献……”,与下文相通。

I put my head in, expecting the worst. But to my surprise, the roo m wasn’t empty at all. It had furniture, curtains, a TV, and even paintings on the wall. And then on the well-made bed sat Amy, my new ___44___, dressed neatly. A. roommate B. classmate C. neighbor D. companion

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