翻译定义标准(精)

• red meat
• red—cap
• （红色的肉？）牛、 羊肉 • （红帽子？）火车站 搬运工
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Adam’s apple oil skin blue coat bull’s eye baby-kisser
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喉结 油布 警察 靶心 竞选时到处笼络人 心的政客
Exercise
酸葡萄 影子内阁 君子协定 金元外交 穿梭外交 支柱产业 象牙塔 to lose face one country, two systems
• What you have said runs the risk of oversimplification. • 你所说的一切冒着简单化的风险。(?) • 江湖上的人 • men by river and lake (?)
• I’m sure that it would change the situation if you are kind enough to lend support to me. • It is now thought that the more work we give our brains, the more work they are able to do. • A gift is the key to open the door closed against you. • Every life has its roses and thorns. • He was a dead shot. However, he met his Waterloo this time.
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ 吃
• • • • • • • • • • 吃药 to take medicine; to be tricked/ fooled 吃醋 to be jealous (of) 吃豆腐 to flirt with (a woman) 吃惊 to be surprised / shocked/ startled/ amazed 吃苦 to suffer / endure hardships
• • • • • • • • •
sour grapes shadow cabinet gentlemen’s agreement dollar diplomacy shuttle diplomacy pillar industry ivory tower 丢脸 一国两制
• • • • • • • • •
• • • • • •
吃亏 to suffer losses 吃香 to be very popular 吃软不吃硬 to be open to friendly persuasion but not to compulsion • 吃老本 • to live off one’s past gains / to rest on past achievement
• 文化共核： • pour oil on fire; strike the iron while it’s hot; lead by the nose; walk on thin ice; walls have ears; plain sailing; great minds think alike; life begins at forty; look before you leap; It’s never too late to mend; like a bolt from the blue.
绪论
• 翻译的定义和内涵 (Definition & Connotation of Translation) source language target language 翻译是运用一种语言把另一种语言所 表达的内容和意义准确而完整地重新表 达出来的语言活动。
school
• I hate school! • 我讨厌上学！ • Soon the whole school knew about her deeds. • 全校学生很快都知道了她的事迹。 • How do you know about the Dutch school of painting? • 你对荷兰画派了解多少？ • His son was well-schooled in foreign language. • 他儿子受过良好的外语训练。
Alexander F. Tytler: a) The translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. b) The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original. c) The translation should have all the ease of the original composition.
• It’s more a poem than a picture. • 与其说那是一幅画，不如说那是一首 诗。 • He pretends to be as modest as anything. • 他装得极为谦虚。
• The room was easily traced by the noise that was coming from it. • 循声而去，便轻而易举地找到了那间 屋子。
• 翻译方法：直译和意译 直译 (literal translation)---既忠于原文内容， 又忠于原文形式 意译--- (free translation)忠于原文内容而不 拘泥于原文结构形式与修辞手法 • 归化与异化 归化 (domestication)---用译语的文化替代原 语的文化 异化--- (alienation)近乎完全保留原语的文 化及信息
• 翻译的四字标准: 忠实、通顺
• Scientific discoveries and inventions do not always influence the language in proportion to their importance. • 科学发现和发明并不按其重要性的比 例影响语言。(?) • 科学发现和发明并不一定因其愈加重 要而对语言的影响就愈大。
• 我原本打算七月一日去香港旅游，后 来不得不取消，这令我很扫兴。 • It was keen disappointment that I had to cancel the visit to Hong Kong on July 1st.
• 翻译的原则标准 (Principles or Criteria of Translation) 严复：信达雅 (faithfulness, expressiveness, elegance) 傅雷： 神似 (spiritual conformity) 钱钟书：化境 (sublimed adaptation)
• Jobs and work do much more than most of us realize to provide happiness and contentment. • 职业和工作带来很大的幸福和满足，而 我们大多数人并不意识到这一点。(?) • 职业和工作对于获得幸福和满足起了很 大的作用，我们大多数人对此却认识不 足。