初中英语语法全解——主从复合句

初中英语语法全解——主从复合句一、宾语从句在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。

宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。

I wonder what she’ll say when she finds out.Think about how often it’s used in our daily lives.1.由that引导的宾语从句①当从句部分表示陈述语气时，有连接词that引导宾语从句，that只充当引导词，没有词义，在从句中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式文体中that可以省略。

that引导的宾语从句可以作动词或形容词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。

You might think those products were made in those countries.I am glad that you have come.②下列情况that不能省略：（1）当出现两歌或两个以上的that引导宾语从句时，第一个that可以省略，其他的不能省略。

She told me（that）the film was very good and that she wanted to see it again.（2）当宾语从句的主语是this/that时，引导词that不能省略。

She said that that was a secret.（3）当that引导的宾语从句中又有从句时，that不能省略。

Studies show that if you are interested in something.2.由whether/if引导的宾语从句①当从句表示一种疑问语气时，由whether/if引导的宾语从句、whether/if在宾语从句中不作任何成分，但含有“是否”的含义，在句中不能省略。

I’ll see whether she’s at home.②whether和if通常可以通用，但下列情况只能用whether，不能用if。

（1）介词后面的宾语从句只用whether引导Our success depends on whether we work hard.（2）与or not连用时，只用whether引导宾语从句。

She didn’t say whether or not she would come.（3）宾语从句置于句首时，只用whether引导。

Whether he will come, I can’t say.3.由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句当从句部分表示特殊疑问时，就用连接代词或连变为接副词引导宾语从句。

①由连接代词引导连接代词what,who, whom, whose, which引导宾语从句时，连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。

不能省略。

No one knows exactly what happened.she wondered who had sent the flower.重点拓展what引导的宾语从句，有时不表示疑问，而表示陈述。

I don’t believe what he says.②由连接副词引导连接副词when,here,how,why等引导宾语从句时，连接副词在从句中作状语，不能省略。

Can you tell me when the band starts playing this evening?Excuse me ,do you know where 1 can buy some medicine?重点拓展由how构成的词组how old, how many, how much, how often, how far, how long等也可以引导宾语从句。

Find out how many in your group agree with you.And we know how much he loves running.③可以接连接代词或连接副词引导的实语从句的动词或短语动词有ask, decide, choose, tell, see, find out, show, remember, know等。

4.有关宾语从句的注意事项①宾语从句的语序把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时，宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。

(1)如果是陈述句变为宾语从句时，语序不变。

He has been to Beijing.He said (that) he had been to Beijing.(2)如果是一般疑问句变为宾语从句时，语序要变为陈述句语序。

Did they finish the work→Can you tell me if they finished the work?(3)如果是特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时，语序要变为陈述句语序。

When will they go to Shanghai?→We didn't know when they would go to Shanghai.Where is he from?→Do you know where he is from?疑难辨析如果特殊疑问词作主语或主语的定语,这种特殊疑问句本身是陈述句语序，变为宾语从句时，语序不变。

Who took my pen by mistake?→I wonder who took my pen by mistake.Whose bag is red?→Do you know whose bag is red?2.宾语从句的时态宾语从句的时态常常要受到主句的影响，因而在使用时应注意从句与主句的时态要一致。

（1）当主句是现在的某种时态时，从句可以根据实际情况使用任何时态。

Bill thinks the races were not that interesting to watch.Most people hope that this animal or person will simply go away...（2）当主句是过去某种时态时，从句要用相应的过去的某种时态。

She never knew what she was supposed to do at the dinner table.She said she had worked in that factory since 1999.高频考点如果宾语从句表示的是客观事实或真理，即使主句是过去时，从句也要用一般现在时。

Later I found out French people are supposed to kiss when they see each other.The teacher told us that the earth is round and it moves around the sun.3.宾语从句的否定转移当主句的谓语动词是think, believe, imagine, sup-pose，expect, guess等，主句的主语是第一人称且时态为一般现在时时，从句的否定一般要转移到主句上来，其反意疑问句一~般与宾语从句一致。

I don't believe that man is from the USA,is he?4.宾语从句的简化(1) 当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同，且主句的谓语动词是hope, wish ,decide ,agree ,choose等时，从句可以简化为不定式结构。

I hope that I can see you again.= I hope to see you again.(2)当宾语从句的主语和主句的主语相同,主句的谓语动词是know, remember, forget, learn等,且宾语从句由what, who, which, when, where, why等引导时，可以把从句简化为“疑问词+不定式”。

She doesn't know what she can do.= She doesn't know what to do.(3)当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell, show，teach等，且宾语从句的主语和主句的宾语4一致时，宾语从句可以简化为“疑问词+不定式”。

Can you tell me how I can get to the park?=Can you tell me how to get to the park?二、状语从句在句中作状语的从句称为状语从句。

状语从句用于修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词或整个主句。

状语从句由从属连词引导，它可以表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较和方式。

1.时间状语从句在句中相当于时间状语的从句叫时间状语从句，常由when, while, as, before, after, since, until, till,as soon as, once等词引导。

由when引导，意为“当...时”由while引导，意为.当....时.由as引导，意为“当...时”由after引导，意为“在...以后”由before引导，意为“在---以前”由since引导，意为“自从....以来”由until, til引导，意为“直到....为止”由as soon as引导，意为“一....就.....”由once引导，意为“一旦”①由when引导的时间状语从句(1) when引导的时间状语从句，意为“当...时候”，表示和主句的动作同时发生或先后发生。

I don't watch dramas or documentaries when I'm sad or tired.(2)when也可以表示“正在那时”We were watching TV when he light went out.When引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词可以用延续性动词，也可以用终止性动词。

②由while引导的时间状语从句while引导的时间状语从句,意为“当.....的时候”,表示和主句动作同时发生，从句的谓语动词需用延续性动词。

While you were sleeping, I called Jenny and she helped me.疑难辨析as可以说明两种正在发展或变化的情况，有“随着”的意思。

As you grow older,you will grow wiser.As the sun rose the fog dispersed.④由after引导的时间状语从句after引导的时间状语从句，意为“在....之后”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之后。

What will you do after you graduate?Zimmerman changed his name after he left Germany.⑤由before引导的时间状语从句before引导的时间状语从句，意为“在....之前”，表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前。