初中英语语法全解——主从复合句

初中英语语法全解——主从

复合句

一、宾语从句

在句子中起宾语作用的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句可以作及物动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。

I wonder what she’ll say when she finds out.

Think about how often it’s used in our daily lives.

1.由that引导的宾语从句

①当从句部分表示陈述语气时，有连接词that引导宾语从句，that只充当引导词，没有词义，在从句中不作任何成分，在口语或非正式文体中that可以省略。that引导的宾语从句可以作动词或形容词的宾语，一般不作介词的宾语。

You might think those products were made in those countries.

I am glad that you have come.

②下列情况that不能省略：

（1）当出现两歌或两个以上的that引导宾语从句时，第一个that可以省略，其他的不能省略。

She told me（that）the film was very good and that she wanted to see it again.

（2）当宾语从句的主语是this/that时，引导词that不能省略。

She said that that was a secret.

（3）当that引导的宾语从句中又有从句时，that不能省略。

Studies show that if you are interested in something.

2.由whether/if引导的宾语从句

①当从句表示一种疑问语气时，由whether/if引导的宾语从句、whether/if在宾语从句中不作任何成分，

但含有“是否”的含义，在句中不能省略。

I’ll see whether she’s at home.

②whether和if通常可以通用，但下列情况只能用whether，不能用if。

（1）介词后面的宾语从句只用whether引导

Our success depends on whether we work hard.

（2）与or not连用时，只用whether引导宾语从句。

She didn’t say whether or not she would come.

（3）宾语从句置于句首时，只用whether引导。

Whether he will come, I can’t say.

3.由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句

当从句部分表示特殊疑问时，就用连接代词或连变为接副词引导宾语从句。

①由连接代词引导

连接代词what,who, whom, whose, which引导宾语从句时，连接代词在从句中作主语、宾语、表语、定语等。不能省略。

No one knows exactly what happened.

she wondered who had sent the flower.

重点拓展

what引导的宾语从句，有时不表示疑问，而表示陈述。

I don’t believe what he says.

②由连接副词引导

连接副词when,here,how,why等引导宾语从句时，连接副词在从句中作状语，不能省略。

Can you tell me when the band starts playing this evening?

Excuse me ,do you know where 1 can buy some medicine?

重点拓展

由how构成的词组how old, how many, how much, how often, how far, how long等也可以引导宾语

从句。

Find out how many in your group agree with you.

And we know how much he loves running.

③可以接连接代词或连接副词引导的实语从句的动词或短语动词有ask, decide, choose, tell, see, find out, show, remember, know等。

4.有关宾语从句的注意事项

①宾语从句的语序

把两个独立的句子连成一个含有宾语从句的复合句时，宾语从句的语序要用陈述句语序。(1)如果是陈述句变为宾语从句时，语序不变。

He has been to Beijing.

He said (that) he had been to Beijing.

(2)如果是一般疑问句变为宾语从句时，语序要变为陈述句语序。

Did they finish the work

→Can you tell me if they finished the work?

(3)如果是特殊疑问句变为宾语从句时，语序要变为陈述句语序。

When will they go to Shanghai?

→We didn't know when they would go to Shanghai.

Where is he from?

→Do you know where he is from?

疑难辨析

如果特殊疑问词作主语或主语的定语,这种特殊疑问句本身是陈述句语序，变为宾语从句时，语序不变。

Who took my pen by mistake?

→I wonder who took my pen by mistake.

Whose bag is red?

→Do you know whose bag is red?