TheElectoralSystem英国与美国选举制度

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Election campaigns and
expenses
• The election expenses of each candidate are strictly controlled. The purposes of election expenses are also strictly controlled and all expenses must be declared and published. All election literature must include the name and address of the publisher and of the printer. Each candidate is allowed, however, to send one electoral communication free to every elector in the constituency.
TheElectoralSystem英 国与美国选举制度
2020年5月29日星期五
Buckingham Palace
Electoral system: UK
• In England, elections have been used as a parliamentary process since the 13th century. The secret ballot was adopted in 1872 and full equal voting rights won for women in 1928. All registered members of the public aged 18 and over may vote in parliamentary elections. The British House of Commons is elected for a maximum of five years; the prime minister can call a general election at any time.
Corrupt practices
• In earlier times British elections were notoriously corrupt, but the introduction of the secret ballot in 1872 and the passing of the Corrupt and Illegal Practices Act 1883 have virtually eliminated corruption. A person found guilty of a corrupt or illegal practice is disqualified from voting for five years in a parliamentary election. In contrast to the rest of the UK, however, examples of personation and intimidation have been fairly common in Northern Ireland.
By-elections
• A writ for a by-election is issued by the clerk of the Crown on receipt of the Speaker‘s warrant . A by-election must be held not less than 11 or more than 21 days after the issue of the writ.
The calling of an election – the election writ
• The royal proclamation announcing the dissolution of Parliament and the summoning of a new Parliament is the authorization for the writs for a general election.
On average, since 1900 elections have been held between every three and four years. On two occasions in the 20th century two elections have been held in one year: in 1910 and 1974.
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Nomination of candidates
• The House of Commons consists of 659 members, each representing a singlemember constituency. Each candidate must be nominated by a proposer, a seconder, and eight other electors. In practice, the overwhelming majority of candidates are nominated by political parties. Furthermore, the majority of the party candidates are nominated by the Conservative, Labour, and Liberal Democrat parties .
THE LISTING
• The calling of an election – the election writ • By-elections • Nomination of candidates • Election campaigns and expenses • Corrupt practices • The parliamentary franchise • The poll • Disputed elections • Effects of the first-past-the-post system • Electoral behaviour in Britain
• The decision to dissolve Parliament is made by the sovereign on the advice of the prime minister. Under the Parliament Act 1911 the maximum duration of a Parliament is five years.