专四语法辅导--定语从句
(完整版)定语从句语法详解
定语从句语法专题（Attributive Clauses）教案一. 定语从句的概述:1.定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
在句中做定语，被修饰的名词或代词，叫做先行词。
从句通常放在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引导。
其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
eg She is the girl（who got the first prize.）girl先行词who充当从句主语, 从句做定语修饰girlThis is the boy who broke the window.这就是打破窗子的孩子。
the boy是先行词, who broke the window是限制性定语从句, 明确指出theboy是打破窗子的那个孩子,who 在从句中充当主语That is the house where he lived ten years ago.He is the man who/that lives next door.He is the man who I want to see.先行词关系词定语从句复合句: 是由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子, 复合句中的主句和从句都具有完整的的主语和谓语, 主句是复合句的主体, 可以独立存在, 从句需要有一个连词引导, 是修饰说明主句的, 不能独立存在, 根据在句中的不同作用, 从句可以分为三类: 定语从句, 名词性从句, 状语从句。
二. 引导定语从句的关系词有两大类:1.关系词：引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词: that, who, whom, whose, which, as（主, 宾, 定）关系副词: when, where, why.（状语）2.关系词的作用:（1）引导定语从句, 在先行词和定语从句之间起连接作用；（2）代替先行词在句中充当成分。
专四语法：PART4 定语从句
PART4 定语从句Introduction：定语从句在四级英语测试中占有一定的比重，大约在词汇语法题的7.4%，平均每次都有一题，实际测试中有时多达三道题。
在我们讲四级英语测试对定语从句的考查之前，先让我们看以下几题⏹1) Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ____ obtaining water is not theleast.A.for whichB.to whichC.of whichD.in which⏹ C ①关系词的使用一看先行词，二看关系词在从句中的作用，在此基础上熟记几个常用的固定句式，如：the same … as ; such … as当看到先行词前有the same 或such修饰时，可直接从选项中找as，选择就变得比较简单。
在这种情况下，考生用不着考虑先行词是人还是物。
如Our company won't employ such graduates as you recommend.I'm determined to buy such a flat as you are now living in.⏹2) A survey was carried out on the death rate of new-born babies in that region, ____weresurprising.⏹ A.as results B.which resultsC.the results of itD.the results of which⏹Answer: D⏹②上面有两道题涉及到关系词在句中做定语。
同学们应该熟悉关系词做定语时的各种变体。
做定语的关系词可有以下变体，试比较：the office whose windows are brokenthe office the windows of which are brokenthe office of which the windows are broken上面的2）题就属于the windows of which这种形式。
专四__定语从句复习
3.先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用that 。 He talked happily about the men and books that interested him greatly.
4.先行词被the very, the only等修饰且指物时,引导定语从句 用that。
The only thing that we can do is to give you some advice. 5.当先行词前面有who/which等疑问代词时，只用that。 Who is the man that is standing there?
常见的这类结构有：as has been said before, as has been mentioned above, as can be imagined, as is known to all, as has been announced等。
4.一些特殊词之后的where
where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点 的名词，但也有特殊情况。
综合考查二：定语从句与同位语从句 that/which 1. We all have heard the news_____ our team won. 2. We don’t believe in the news _________ he told us yesterday.
1.They overcame all the difficulties and completed the project two months ahead of A is something we had not expected. time; ____ (2003) A. which B. it C. that D. what
大学英语四级考试语法：—定语从句
大学英语四级考试语法：—定语从句很多同学在大学英语四级考试中会存在一些误区，认为语法不那么重要，其实英语语法是学习英语的指南，对我们帮助很大。
以下是小编给大家整理的大学英语四级考试语法：—定语从句，希望可以帮到大家1、mary is a beautiful girl.名词的扩展靠限定，最基本的就是在名词的前面增加一个形容词这样的定语，上面的句子就是表语girl的前面加了一个形容词。
显然，如果只是mary is a girl这样的句子会让人觉得非常枯燥，没有什么意义，所传递的信息量极其有限。
所以，名词前面加定语，可以使被限定的名词更加生动，更加形象而富有生命。
如果要对名词给出更多限定，挖掘更多内部信息，我们可以在名词前面加多个定语来限定，如mary is a beautiful chinese girl.放在名词前面起到限定作用的定语有很多种形式，形容词，名词，动词现在分词，动词过去分词等。
虽然形式多样，但是这类定语还是比较好理解，只要顺着句子的顺序，就基本可以明白是怎么回事。
2、the computer that i bought yesterday works well.有时候，我们需要对名词给出很多的说明，用大量的信息来限定名词。
这时，如果还是把长长的限定成分放在名词前面，就会头重脚轻，所以英语中会用跟在名词后面的定语从句来限定前面的名词。
根据定语的功能还可以分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
两者的区别在于前者与被限定名词之间没有逗号，而后者则有逗号隔开;前者起到限定作用，不可或缺，后者起到补充作用，舍去后对剩余部分影响不大。
本句子通过“that i bought yesterday”这个that引导的定语从句，使得主语the computer得到限定而明确，是我昨天买的计算机而不是别的。
如果明白了这个名词可以通过后面加定语从句来扩展，我们的句子马上可以变得复杂起来，请看下例：another popular spectator sport, which is known as the sport of kings, is horse-racing, which is controlled by the jockey club.译文：另一种以特大型运动著称的流行观赏运动是赛马，这种比赛由赛马总会控制。
专四语法精讲-定语从句(内部资料)
关系代词的省略
做直接宾语时可以省略。 例如：Is there anything (that) I can do for you? 在“there be”结构的从句中作主语的关系 在“there be”结构的从句中作主语的关系 代词可以省略。 例如：This is the only bus (that) there is to that park.
下面三个句子意思相同： The river whose banks are covered with trees flows to the sea. The river of which the banks are covered with trees flows to the sea. The river the banks of which are covered with trees flows to the sea. NOTE: 但是… of which所修饰的词若是数词、不定代词 另 但是… which所修饰的词若是数词、不定代词 有其他限定词（the除外），不可改为whose结构。 有其他限定词（the除外），不可改为whose结构。 例如：There are six possibilities, every one of which involves difficulty. They offered a strong opposition, of the like of which he had never dreamed.
此结构在定语从句中可以作状语或定语，并可修饰别 的名词一同作状语。 Which在定语从句中可以单独作定语，而whom却不 Which在定语从句中可以单独作定语，而whom却不 可。 例如：A path, on both side of which flowers grew, led to the exhibition hall. 两边长满花的小径，通往展示厅。 This is the ring on which she spent 1,000 dollars. Sound is a tool by means of which people communicate with each other. (状语) Ten years of hard work changed her greatly, for which reason he could hardly recognize her at first sight. (定语)
专四之定语从句
巩固练习：用适当的关系词填空
when 1) October 1, 1949 was the day______ on ______) which China was founded. (__ where 2) Beijing is the place ______ in which (____ ______) I live. why (___ for which 3) Is this the reason ____ _____) he didn’t want to see me?
3. 先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时 4.先行词被数词,序数词修饰时 5.先行词是形容词最高级或被形容词最高级 修饰时 6. 先行词既有人又有物时 7. 先行词在从句中做表语时 8. 主句以there be开头
Exercise:
1. This is all ____ I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether 2. Is there anything else _____ you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what 先行词为everything，little, much ， all ， anything ， 3. The last place _____ we visited was the Great nothing, none, few 等词时， Wall. A. which B. that
B. as, is
D. that, is
3. She is very good at dance, ____ everybody knows. A. that B. where C. who D. as
英语专四语法之定语从句
英语专四语法之定语从句
定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分，它用于描述或限定句子中的某个名词或代词。
定语从句通常由关系代词(如who, whom, whose, which, that)引导，这些代词在从句中分别作主语、宾语、所有格、指示词等。
定语从句的位置可以在名词前面或后面，它通常用于修饰一些特定的人、事、物或概念。
例如，我们可以说“the book that I borrowed from the library is very interesting”，这句话中“that I borrowed from the library”就是一个定语从句，用于修饰名词“book”。
在使用定语从句时，我们需要注意以下几点：
1. 关系代词的选择：不同的关系代词用于不同的情况，需要根
据先行词的性质和定语从句的意义来选择。
2. 从句的位置：定语从句可以放在名词前或名词后，但从句的
位置会影响句子的语调和语气。
3. 从句的语态：定语从句的语态需要与主句的语态保持一致，
如主句是被动语态，从句也需要使用被动语态。
定语从句是英语学习中的重点和难点之一，需要我们进行反复练习和巩固。
只有通过不断的实践和总结，我们才能掌握定语从句的用法和技巧，从而提高我们的英语语言能力。
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英语专四语法之定语从句
英语专四语法之定语从句
定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要部分，在英语专四考试中也占有重要地位。
定语从句可以用来修饰一个名词或代词，并且能够起到更精确、更具体的描述作用。
定语从句的引导词主要有关系代词和关系副词两种类型。
其中，关系代词包括that、who、whom、whose和which等，而关系副词则包括when、where和why等。
在定语从句的使用中，需要注意以下几点：
1.关系代词的选择应根据先行词的性质来确定。
2.定语从句中的谓语动词应与先行词在数和人称上保持一致。
3.定语从句的位置应与先行词的位置紧密相连。
4.关系代词who和whom的使用需要根据先行词在句子中的地位来选择。
除此之外，还需要注意避免使用重复的定语从句，以及注意定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别等问题。
总之，掌握好定语从句的使用方法，能够帮助我们更准确地表达意思，提高英语表达能力。
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英语专四语法之定语从句
英语专四语法之定语从句定语从句是英语语法中的一种重要结构，常常用于修饰句子中的名词或代词，使其更加具体和明确。
下面将介绍英语专四考试中常见的定语从句类型和用法。
1. 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词包括who, whom, whose, that和which。
它们在定语从句中的作用是代替先行词，并引导一个修饰先行词的从句。
例如： - The man who is standing over there is my father.- The book which I borrowed from the library is due tomorrow.- The car that he drives is very expensive.- The woman whose daughter is in my class is a doctor.2. 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词包括when, where和why。
它们在定语从句中的作用是引导一个修饰先行词的从句。
例如：- The day when we met was sunny.- The place where we had dinner was very crowded.- The reason why he left the company is still unknown.3. 用于表示数量或序数的定语从句在表示数量或序数的句子中，常常使用定语从句来进一步说明先行词。
例如：- The first person who finishes the race will receive aprize.- The only thing that she wants for her birthday is a new guitar.- The number of students who attended the lecture was more than expected.以上是英语专四语法中关于定语从句的介绍，考生在备考过程中需要多加练习，尤其是在理解和使用不同类型的引导词上。
专四语法专项训练 定语从句
定语从句关系代词：which（指sth 作主语或宾语），that（指sb或sth 作主语或宾语），who （指sb作主语或宾语），whom（指sb作宾语），whose（指sb或sth，作定语）,as （指sb,sth 作主语或宾语）;注意: 做宾语的时候，关系代词可以省略。
关系副词：when（指时间on which），where（指地点at which），why（指原因for which）考点1. 先行词为人时引导词who和that(1) 只能用who不用that：1)当先行词为one(s), anyone, those时；2)当先行词为人称代词时。
(2) 只能用that不用who：1)当主句已经出现who时。
2)关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。
1. He is quite worn out from years of hard work. He is not the man _that______ he was twenty years ago. 2003A. whichB. thatC. whoD. whom考点2. 先行词为物时引导词that和which(1) 只能用that不用which：1)先行词为much, little, few, nothing, none, anything, no, all等不定代词。
2）先行词既有人又有物。
3）先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰。
4）先行词被the very, the only, the last, just, all, any, every, no等修饰。
5）关系代词在从句中作表语。
6) 在疑问词who、which、what开头的句子中。
7) 主句是there be句型。
1. I was very interested in _all that____ she told me.2009A. all thatB. all whichC. all whatD. That2. Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff that__is needed for quality control can be substantial ly reduced. 2000A. whoseB. asC. whatD. that3. The team can handle whatever _that needs handling____. (1997)A. that needs handlingB. which needs handlingC. it needs handlingD. needs to be handled4. There is no one in the world _that never makes mistakes_____.1991A. that ever made mistakesB. that has ever made mistakesC. that never makes mistakesD. that sometimes makes mistakes(2) 只能用which不用that: 1)定语从句中的介词前置时关系代词只能用which; 2)引导非限制性定语从句时只能用which,其先行词可是一个词, 也可是整个主句或主句的某一部分。
专四的定语从句
当先行词指的是世界 上独一无二的事物时。
只用非限定性定语从句的情况：
3. Yesterday he left America, where he had stayed for two years.
当先行词指的人名， 地名，建筑物等专 有名词时。
关系词的选择问题
1. 先行项所指意义是人还是物。 2. 关系词在分句中的句法功能，是主语、 还是宾语或补语。 3. 关系词引导的分句种类：限定或非限定。 4. 作用于何种语域或语体：正式或非正式，书面或 口语。
The girl is Mary. We saw her yesterday.
专四语法精讲-定语从句(内部资料)
名词（代词或数词）+ 名词（代词或数词）+ of + whom 和名词（代词或数词）+ 和名词（代词或数词）+ of + which: 若用定语从句表示“所属关系”，先行词指人 时，用第一种结构，先行词指物时，用第二种，of 时，用第一种结构，先行词指物时，用第二种，of 前表示 部分，of后表示整体。Whose指物时，可用…of which代替。 部分，of后表示整体。Whose指物时，可用…of which代替。 例如：The committee consists of 20 members, 5 of which are women. There are two left, one of which is almost finished and the other of which is not quite. After having had 12 months’ practice, in the last month of which no attempt had been made at publication, I decided to make one more effort. They had a sentence whose meaning was completely beyond them. (=the meaning of which was….) (注意先行词是anyone, anybody, everyone, everybody, someone, somebody, 应用who或whom， 应用who或whom， 不用which. 不用which. 例如：Is there anyone here who can speak French? He saw the manager talking with somebody whom he didn’t know. 如果有两个或两个以上先行词，兼指人或物， 应用that。 应用that。 例如：The famous writer and his works that the radio broadcast have aroused great interest among the students.
专四辅导-定语从句
判断关系代词与关系副词
• 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓 语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须要求用关系副词或 者是介词加关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系 代词。 例如：
• This is the mountain village • This is the mountain village • This is the mountain village • I'll never forget the days • I will never forget the days • I'll never forget the days during I stayed last year. I visited last year. I stayed in last year. I worked together with you. I spent in the countryside. I worked together with you.
举例
• There seems to be nothing that seems impossible for him in the world. • There is little that I can do for you. • Is this the book that you borrowed in the library?这是你 在图书馆借的那本书吗？ • All that is needed is a supply of oil.所需的只是供油问题。 • Finally, the their handed everything that he had stolen to the police. 那贼最终把偷的全部东西交给了警察。 注意：当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who • Any man that/who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
专四语法第10、11节-定语从句和状语从句-知识点
第十节定语从句I.定语从句考点和知识要点：1. 定语从句五大概念概念一、什么是定语从句？在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
在定语从句中，被修饰的这一名词或代词叫做先行词。
在定语从句中的引导词叫做关系词。
关系词又分关系代词和关系副词。
概念二、关系词有哪些？1、关系代词：which（指sth 作主语或宾语），that（指sb或sth 作主语或宾语），who（指sb作主语或宾语），whom（指sb作宾语），whose（指sb或sth，作定语）,as（指sb,sth 作主语或宾语）; 注意: 做宾语的时候，关系代词可以省略。
2、关系副词：when（指时间on which），where（指地点at which），why（指原因for which）概念三、关系词通常有下列三个作用？1.引导定语从句2.代替先行词；3.在定语从句中担当一个成分。
Eg. The man who is shaking hands with my father is a policeman.概念四、关系代词和关系副词有何区别及方法？主要是它们在从句中所起的作用不同。
关系代词在从句中一般作主语或宾语。
而关系副词在定语从句中作状语。
Focus in：方法一：句子成份法：关系代词在句中充当主语、宾语；关系副词在从句中作状语。
方法二：句子完整法：关系代词引导的定语从句不完整；关系副词引导的定语从句是完整的。
I will never forget the days when we spent our holidays together.I will never forget the days that / which we spent together.概念五、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别A. 限制性定语从句形式上不用逗号―，‖与主句隔开。
意义上是先行词不可缺少的定语，如删除，主句则失去意义或意思表达不完整。
B.非限制性定语从句只是对先行词的补充说明，如删除，主句仍能表达完整的意思。
专四之定语从句46页PPT
谢谢！
21、要知道对好事的称颂过于夸大，也会招来人们的反感轻蔑和嫉妒。——培根 22、业精于勤，荒于嬉；行成于思，毁于随。——韩愈
23、一切节省，归根到底都归结为时间的节省。——马克思 24、意志命运往往背道而驰，决心到最后会全部推倒。——莎士比亚
专四之定语从句
16、人民应该为法律而战斗，就像为 了城墙 而战斗 一样。 ——赫 拉克利 特 17、人类对于不公正的行为加以指责 ，并非 因为他 们愿意 做出这 种行为 ，而是 惟恐自 己会成 为这种 行为的 牺牲者 。—— 柏拉图 18、制定法律法令，就是为了不让强 者做什 么事都 横行霸 道。— —奥维 德 19、法律是社会的习惯和思想的结晶 。— 托·伍·威尔逊 20、人们嘴上挂着的法律，其真实含 义是财 富。— —爱献 生
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e.g. They talked about the teachers and the things that they remembered in
the school. 5. 当被修饰的成份在主句中是系动词be后的表语或关系词本 身在定语从句中做表语，用that。 （be的分类: a. am, is, are. b. 表变化的get. c. 感观动词look, smell. d. 表保持的stay.) e.g. China isn’t the country that she used to be fifty years ago.
3. I have never been to London, but that is the city ___.
A. where I like to visit most B. I’d like to visit C. which I like to visit mostly
exam.
2. 引导非限制性定语从句，代替整个主句，意思 “正如”，位置比较灵活，既可以指代前面提到的 内容，也可指后面要提到的内容。
e.g. As is mentioned above, this method aims at improving the students’ ability in a more effective way.
二、当先行词是指人的名词时，通常用who, that, whom
引导，但在下列情况下定语从句只用who不用that。 1. 先行词为the one, ones, anyone等时 e.g. Anyone who breaks the law should be punished. 2. 先行词为those( 指人)或被those修饰时 e.g. Those who learn not only from books, but also through practice will succeed.
e.g. The test is cancelled as you have hoped. e.g. The cancelled. test, as you have hoped, is
关系代词as和which
在引导非限制性定语从句时 ,as和which所代表的都是整个句子 所表示的内容。不同之处： １、在形式上as引导的非限制定语从句可位于主句后面，也可 位于主句之前；而which• 引导的非限制定语从句只能位于主句 之后，不能位于主句的前面。 ２、as 在从句中常作宾语；作主语时，从句的谓语动词常为系 动词，即：系表结构或被动结构。若为行为动词，则从句中的 关系代词只能用which。 As you expected, he turned up on time. 正如你所愿，他按时到了。 As is said above, he has conquered the difficulty. 正如上面所说，他征服了困难。
3. 在由“There be + 主语(指人)”开头的句子中 e.g. There is a man outside who wants to see you. 4. 当先行词带有较长的后置定语时 e.g. The woman in blue with a boy on her back who is working in the fields. 5. 在非限制性定语从句中用who。
Which is the task, that overtook as yesterday? 7. 主句是由“There be + 主语（表物）”开头时，定语从句 用that。 e.g. There is a seat that is still free. There are two tickets that are for you. 8. 当先行词是基数词时常用that。 e.g. caught two fish yesterday, now, you can see the two that are still alive.
It’s a book that will help you a great deal.
6. 当主句是由who, which, what开头的特殊疑问句（不管指人 指物）用that。
e.g. Who is the man that is waiting at the bus stop?
What did you hear that made you so angry?
DD
四、where (=at, in which)表地点
e.g. That is the place where they met for the first time.
注 意 ： 在 下 列 “ case, policy, point, condition, situation, circumstance” 等表示“情况，方面，条件”等词引导定语从句时， 也用where，等于under which.
关系词在定语从句中有三个作用：
a.引导定语从句
b.在从句中代替先行词
c.在从句中担任某一句子成份
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一、先行词是指物的名词或代词时，关系代词用that, which。 （一） that 与 which 指物时一般情况可以互换，但在下 列情况下通常用that, 不用which。 1.当先行词（定语从句所修饰的名词或代词）是 everything, anything, nothing, all, much, few, little, none, the one, no one, some 等不定代词时。 e.g. All that can be done has been done. Is there anything that you want? 2. 当先行词被any, few, little, no, all, every, very, much, one of, the only, the very, the right, some 修饰时，常用that。 e.g. The only thing that he remembered was her name. There is no difficulty that we can’t overcome.
D
2. He is quite worn out form years of hard work. He is not the man ___he was twenty years ago.
A. which B. that C. who D. whom B
还有一条重要的原则:当先行词在主句中作表语, 或关系代词在从句中作表语时,就只能用 that 了. 句意:由于多年的劳作,他身体状况很差.他已不是 二十年前的他了.
D. where I’d like most to visit
4. I’ve never been to Lhasa, but that’s the city ___. A. I’d most like to visit B. where I like to visit C. which I like to visit mostly D. I’d like much to visit 5. there is no one in the world _____. A. that ever made mistakes B. that has ever made mistakes C. that never makes mistakes
3. 当先行词被序数词或形容词的最高级修饰时，用that。 e.g. This is the first letter that I’ve written in English. She is the most careful student that I’ve ever known. 4. 两个并列的先行词，既有指人的，也有指物的，用that。
e.g. Everyone may face the situation where you have to make a decision yourself.
1. This company has now introduced a policy ___ pay rises are related to performance at work. A. which B. where
1. Firms that use computers have found that the number of staff ____ is needed for quality control can be substantially reduced.
A. whose B. as C. what D. that 限定性定语从句， that即可代表事物也可代表人，which代表事物； 它们在从句中作主语或宾语，that在从句中作宾语时常可省略 关系词，which在从句中作宾语则不能省略。 而且，如果which在从句中作“不及物动词＋介词”的介词的宾 语，注意介词不要丢掉，而且介词总是放在关系代词which的 前边，但有的则放在它原来的位置
such
clothes
____
really
B. as they are D. as are
____ is often the case with a new idea, much preliminary activity and optimistic discussion produced no concrete proposals. A. That B. It C. This D. As
D. that sometimes makes mistakes