上海2019届各区一模24题分题型汇编
上海市各区2019届中考物理一模试卷按考点分类汇编_电路计算
电路计算宝山:22.在图10所示的电路中,电源电压保持不变,电阻两电流表的示数分别为0.9安和0.6安。
⑴求电源电压U。
⑵求通过电阻R2的电流I 2O⑶ 现用电阻Ro替换电阻R、R中的一个,替换前后,一变化了0.1安,另一个电流表示数不变。
求电阻Ro的阻值。
答案:22. (8#>CD 由图】0可知土曲与R#井联’电流崔九与R:卑联•测通过电阻凤串电淡电fit表A七來联在总路上,测的是就电流仏・人U=0*9^J l-0,6^t二P■乜"XR严0&安XKJ欧*伏. (2分》(2) /2 = Ife'L=0.9$-0.6^=0i3^<「◎分)<3> 丫用唱阻&普换电阻&、昆中的一个*替换前石,-个电流畫示数发生聲代”而另一个电流表示数不变.人尺只能替换电阻隔・:r -若电滝我沖’示戟b变大0U安*!W 7;=6 4安.二碍寺工詁搔刃5毗:怡分〉若电流我Az示數f.变小0.1安,剋人” =0想妥,奉贤:22.在如图12所示的电路中,电源电压为6伏且不变,滑动变阻器R2上标有“ 50 Q 0.5A”字样。
闭合电键,移动滑片P到某位置时,电压表、电流表的示数分别为 4.5伏和0.2安。
此时求:⑴滑动变阻器R2接入电路的阻值;⑵10秒内通过电阻R的电荷量Q|p⑶现有规格为“ 50 Q 1A”,“ 10 Q 0.5A ”“20 Q 1A”三种规格的 1 ■1滑动变阻器,从中选择一个来替换R2,要求:当滑片P在移动过程中,两电表%指针分别达到某量程的满刻度且电路能安全工作。
—>①应选择_______ 规格的滑动变阻器;②满足上述要求时,滑动变阻器连入电路的阻值范围答案:R的阻值为10欧。
闭合电键S,公式1分,代人、结果1分. 2分⑵ 4km 安xio 秒=2库公式】分,代人、堵果1分 2分<3) 1 安 2分R] =1?!/^ = 1.5^70.2 = 7,5 KR 血=LT//^ = 6 ffc/0. 6 3c = t0 ft尺z 盒盘钮—Ri —7+5耿J0t1分 伏 1分 Rg ・ ~Ri = 7* 51<\' 1分22.灼分) <1)爲=去5 秋血 2 安= 2. 5 »t<R a <7.5 欧 虹口: 21.在图9所示的电路中,电源电压保持不变,电阻 R 闭合电键S,两电流表的示数分别为 0.8安和0.6安。
精品2019届上海中考数学各区一模汇编-03提升题(18、23、24、25题)
2019届一模提升题汇编目录2019届一模提升题汇编目录 (1)Ⅰ第18题(填空小压轴) (3)【2019届一模徐汇】 (3)【2019届一模浦东】 (3)【2019届一模杨浦】 (3)【2019届一模普陀】 (4)【2019届一模奉贤】 (4)【2019届一模松江】 (4)【2019届一模嘉定】 (5)【2019届一模青浦】 (5)【2019届一模青浦】 (5)【2019届一模静安】 (6)【2019届一模宝山】 (6)【2019届一模长宁】 (6)【2019届一模金山】 (7)【2019届一模闵行】 (7)【2019届一模虹口】 (7)Ⅱ第23题(几何证明题) (9)【2019届一模徐汇】 (9)【2019届一模浦东】 (9)【2019届一模杨浦】 (10)【2019届一模普陀】 (10)【2019届一模奉贤】 (11)【2019届一模松江】 (11)【2019届一模嘉定】 (12)【2019届一模青浦】 (12)【2019届一模静安】 (13)【2019届一模宝山】 (13)【2019届一模长宁】 (14)【2019届一模金山】 (14)【2019届一模闵行】 (15)【2019届一模虹口】 (15)Ⅲ第24题(二次函数综合) (16)【2019届一模徐汇】 (16)【2019届一模浦东】 (17)【2019届一模普陀】 (19)【2019届一模奉贤】 (20)【2019届一模松江】 (21)【2019届一模嘉定】 (22)【2019届一模青浦】 (23)【2019届一模静安】 (24)【2019届一模宝山】 (25)【2019届一模长宁】 (26)【2019届一模金山】 (27)【2019届一模闵行】 (28)【2019届一模虹口】 (29)Ⅳ第25题(压轴题) (30)【2019届一模徐汇】 (30)【2019届一模浦东】 (31)【2019届一模杨浦】 (32)【2019届一模普陀】 (33)【2019届一模奉贤】 (34)【2019届一模松江】 (35)【2019届一模嘉定】 (36)【2019届一模青浦】 (37)【2019届一模静安】 (38)【2019届一模宝山】 (39)【2019届一模长宁】 (40)【2019届一模金山】 (41)【2019届一模闵行】 (42)【2019届一模虹口】 (43)Ⅰ第18题(填空小压轴)【2019届一模徐汇】18.在梯形ABCD 中,AB ∥DC ,∠B =90°,BC=6,CD =2,3tan 4A =.点E 为BC 上一点,过点E 作EF ∥AD 交边AB 于点F .将△BEF 沿直线EF 翻折得到△GEF ,当EG 过点D 时,BE 的长为 ▲ . 【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】【2019届一模浦东】18. 将矩形纸片ABCD 沿直线AP 折叠,使点D 落在原矩形ABCD 的边BC 上的点E 处,如果∠AED 的余弦值为35,那么ABBC =__________.【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】 【2019届一模杨浦】18.Rt △ABC 中,∠C =90°,AC =3,BC =2,将此三角形绕点A 旋转,当点B 落在直线BC 上的点D 处时,点C 落在点E 处,此时点E 到直线BC 的距离为 ▲ .【 答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】GEABC DF (第18题图)ACB(第18题图)18.如图5,△ABC 中,8AB AC ==,3cos 4B =,点D 在边BC 上,将△ABD 沿直线AD 翻折得到△AED ,点B 的对应点为点E ,AE 与边BC 相交于点F ,如果2BD =,那么EF = ▲ .【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】【2019届一模奉贤】18.如图5,在△ABC 中,AB =AC =5,3sin =5C ,将△ABC 绕点A 逆时针旋转得到△ADE ,点B 、C 分别与点D 、E 对应,AD 与边BC 交于点F .如果AE //BC ,那么BF 的长是 ▲ . 【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】【2019届一模松江】18.如图,在直角坐标平面xoy 中,点A 坐标为(3,2),∠AOB =90°,∠OAB =30°,AB 与x 轴交于点C ,那么AC :BC 的值为______.【 答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】图5ABCD图5 ABC(第18题图)xyC BOA18.在△ABC 中,︒=∠90ACB ,点D 、E 分别在边BC 、AC 上,AE AC 3=,︒=∠45CDE (如图3),△DCE 沿直线DE 翻折,翻折后的点C 落在△ABC 内部的点F ,直线AF 与边BC 相交于点G ,如果AE BG =,那么=B tan ▲ .【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】【2019届一模青浦】17.如图,在Rt △ABC 中,∠ACB=90°,AC=1,tan ∠CAB=2,将△ABC 绕点A 旋转后,点B 落在AC 的延长线上的点D ,点C 落在点E ,DE 与直线BC 相交于点F ,那么CF= ▲ . 【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】【2019届一模青浦】18.对于封闭的平面图形,如果图形上或图形内的点S 到图形上的任意一点P 之间的线段都在图形内或图形上,那么这样的 点S 称为“亮点”. 如图,对于封闭图形ABCDE ,S 1是 “亮点”,S 2不是“亮点”,如果AB ∥DE ,AE ∥DC , AB=2,AE=1,∠B=∠C= 60°,那么该图形中所有“亮点” 组成的图形的面积为 ▲ . 【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】 EDCBAS 2S 1(第18题图)18.如图6,将矩形ABCD 沿对角线BD 所在直线翻折后,点A 与点E 重合,且ED 交BC 于点F ,联结AE .如果2tan 3DFC ∠=,那么BD AE的值是 ▲ . 【 答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】【2019届一模宝山】18.如图4,Rt △ABC 中,∠ACB =90°,AC =4,BC =5,点P 为AC 上一点,将△BCP 沿直线BP 翻折,点C落在C ’处,连接AC ’,若AC ’∥BC ,则CP 的长为 ▲ . 【 答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】【2019届一模长宁】18.如图,点P 在平行四边形ABCD 的边BC 上,将ABP ∆沿直线AP 翻折,点B 恰好落在边AD 的垂直平分线上,如果5=AB ,8=AD ,34tan =B ,那么BP 的长为 ▲ .【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】AC(图4)B图6F BA CD EBACD第18题图18.如图,在ABC Rt ∆中,o90=∠C ,8=AC ,6=BC .在边AB 上取一点O ,使BC BO =,以点O为旋转中心,把ABC ∆逆时针旋转90,得到C B A '''∆(点A 、B 、C 的对应点分别是点A '、B '、C '),那么ABC ∆与C B A '''∆的重叠部分的面积是 ▲ .【 答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】【2019届一模闵行】18.如图,在Rt △ABC 中,∠ACB = 90°,BC = 3,AC = 4,点D 为边AB 上一点.将△BCD 沿直线CD 翻折,点B 落在点E 处,联结AE .如果AE // CD ,那么BE = ▲ . 【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】【2019届一模虹口】18.如图,正方形ABCD 的边长为4,点O 为对角线AC 、BD 的交点,点E 为边AB 的中点,△BED 绕着点B 旋转至△BD 1E 1,如果点D 、E 、D 1在同一直线上,那么EE 1的长为 ▲ .ABC第18题OABC (第18题图)C第18题图A BDE O【】答案请加QQ群712018203见Word教师版Ⅱ第23题(几何证明题)【2019届一模徐汇】23.(本题满分12分,第(1)小题满分6分,第(2)小题满分6分)如图,已知菱形ABCD ,点E 是AB 的中点,AF BC ⊥于点F ,联结EF 、ED 、DF ,DE 交AF 于点G ,且2AE EG ED =⋅.(1) 求证:DE EF ⊥; (2) 求证:22BC DF BF =⋅.【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】【2019届一模浦东】23. (本题满分12分,其中每小题各6分)已知:如图8,在平行四边形ABCD 中,M 是边BC 的中点,E 是边BA 延长线上的一点,联结EM ,分别交线段AD 于点F 、AC 于点G .(1)求证:GF EFGM EM=; (2)当22BC BA BE =⋅时,求证:∠EMB =∠ACD .【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】GD EF BCA (第23题图)(图8)DCM BAF GE【2019届一模杨浦】23.(本题满分12分,每小题各6分)已知:如图,在△ABC 中,点D 在边AB 上,点E 在线段CD 上,且∠ACD =∠B =∠BAE. (1)求证:AD DEBC AC=; (2)当点E 为CD 中点时,求证:22AE ABCE AD=.【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】【2019届一模普陀】23.(本题满分12分)已知:如图9,△ADE 的顶点E 在△ABC 的边BC 上,DE 与AB 相交于点F ,AE AF AB =⋅2,DAF EAC ∠=∠.(1)求证:△ADE ∽△ACB ;(2)求证:DF CEDE CB=.【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】(第23题图)EABCDF图9ABCDE23.(本题满分12分,第(1)小题满分5分,第(2)小题满分7分)已知:如图9,在△ABC 中,点D 在边AC 上,BD 的垂直平分线交CA 的延长线于点E , 交BD 于点F ,联结BE ,EC EA ED •=2. (1)求证:∠EBA =∠C ;(2)如果BD =CD ,求证:AC AD AB •=2.【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】【2019届一模松江】23.(本题满分12分,第(1)小题5分,第(2)小题7分)已知:如图,在梯形ABCD 中,AD ∥BC ,AB=DC ,E 是对角线AC 上一点,且AC ·CE=AD ·BC . (1)求证:∠DCA=∠EBC ;(2)延长BE 交AD 于F ,求证:AB 2=AF ·AD .【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】AB CDEF图9 (第23题图)EDCBAF(第23题图)EDCBA23.(本题满分12分,每小题6分)如图6,已知点D 在△ABC 的外部,AD //BC ,点E 在边AB 上,AE BC AD AB ⋅=⋅. (1)求证:AED BAC ∠=∠;(2)在边AC 取一点F ,如果D AFE ∠=∠, 求证:ACAFBC AD =.【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】【2019届一模青浦】23.(本题满分12分,第(1)小题7分,第(2)小题5分)已知:如图,在△ABC 中,点D 、E 分别在边BC 、AC 上,点F 在DE 的延长线上,AD=AF ,AE CE DE EF ⋅=⋅.(1)求证:△ADE ∽△ACD ;(2)如果AE BD EF AF ⋅=⋅,求证:AB=AC .【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】图6BCDAE FABCDEF(第23题图)23.(本题满分12分,其中第(1)小题6分,第(2)小题6分)已知:如图9,在ABC ∆中,点D 、E 分别在边BC 和AB 上,且AD AC =,EB ED =,分别延长ED 、AC 交于点F .(1)求证:ABD ∆∽FDC ∆; (2)求证:2AE BE EF =⋅.【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】【2019届一模宝山】23.(本题满分12分)地铁10号线某站点出口横截面平面图如图8所示,电梯AB 的两端分别距顶部9.9米和2.4米,在距电梯起点A 端6米的P 处,用1.5米的测角仪测得电梯终端B 处的仰角为14°,求电梯AB 的坡度与长度. 参考数据:24.014sin ≈︒,25.014tan ≈︒,97.014cos ≈︒.【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】Q 9.9米B出口顶部1.5米(图8)AP6米2.4米︒14图9 AC BDEF23.(本题满分12分,第(1)小题5分,第(2)小题7分)如图,点D 、E 分别在ABC ∆的边AC 、AB 上,延长DE 、CB 交 于点F ,且AC AD AB AE ⋅=⋅. (1)求证:C FEB ∠=∠;(2)联结AF ,若FD CD AB FB =,求证:FB AC AB EF ⋅=⋅.【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】【2019届一模金山】23.如图,M 是平行四边形ABCD 的对角线上的一点,射线AM 与BC 交于点F ,与DC 的延长线交于点H .(1)求证:MH MF AM ⋅=2.(2)若DM BD BC ⋅=2,求证:ADC AMB ∠=∠.【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】第23题图CEDABF A BCD HF M第23题23.(本题共2小题,每小题6分,满分12分)如图,在△ABC 中,点D 为边BC 上一点,且AD = AB ,AE ⊥BC ,垂足为点E .过点D 作DF // AB ,交边AC 于点F ,联结EF ,212EF BD EC =⋅.(1)求证:△EDF ∽△EFC ;(2)如果14EDF ADC S S =V V ,求证:AB = BD .【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】【2019届一模虹口】23.(本题满分12分,第(1)小题满分6分,第(2)小题满分6分)如图,在△ABC 中,AB=AC ,D 是边BC 的中点,DE ⊥AC ,垂足为点E . (1)求证:DE CD AD CE ⋅=⋅;(2)设F 为DE 的中点,联结AF 、BE ,求证:=AF BC AD BE ⋅⋅.【 答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】AB CDEF(第23题图)D 第23题图AECBⅢ第24题(二次函数综合)【2019届一模徐汇】24.(本题满分12分,第(1)小题4分,第(2)小题4分,第(3)小题4分)如图,在平面直角坐标系xoy 中,顶点为M 的抛物线C 1:2(0)y ax bx a =+<经过点A 和x 轴上的点B ,AO =OB =2,120AOB ∠=o . (1)求该抛物线的表达式; (2)联结AM ,求AOM S V ;(3)将抛物线C 1向上平移得到抛物线C 2,抛物线C 2与x 轴分别交于点E 、F (点E 在点F 的左侧),如果△MBF 与△AOM 相似,求所有符合条件的抛物线C 2的表达式.【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】(第24题图)【2019届一模浦东】24.(本题满分12分,其中每小题各4分)已知:如图9,在平面直角坐标系xOy中,直线12y x b=-+与x轴相交于点A,与y轴相交于点B. 抛物线244y ax ax=-+经过点A和点B,并与x轴相交于另一点C,对称轴与x轴相交于点D.(1)求抛物线的表达式;(2)求证: △BOD∽△AOB;(3)如果点P在线段AB上,且∠BCP=∠DBO,求点P的坐标.【答案请加QQ群712018203见Word教师版】(图9)x BOAy【2019届一模杨浦】24.(本题满分12分,每小题各4分)在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,抛物线2(0)y ax bx c a =++?与y 轴交于点C (0,2), 它的顶点为D (1,m ),且1tan 3COD ?. (1)求m 的值及抛物线的表达式;(2)将此抛物线向上平移后与x 轴正半轴交于点A ,与y 轴交于点B ,且OA =OB .若点A 是由原抛物线上的点E 平移所得,求点E 的坐标;(3)在(2)的条件下,点P 是抛物线对称轴上的一点(位于x 轴上方),且∠APB =45°.求P 点的坐标.【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】O xy 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 45-1-2 -3 -1 -2 -3 (第24题图)24.(本题满分12分)如图10,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,抛物线23y ax bx =+-(0)a ≠与x 轴交于点A ()1,0-和点B ,且3OB OA =,与y 轴交于点C ,此抛物线顶点为点D .(1)求抛物线的表达式及点D 的坐标;(2)如果点E 是y 轴上的一点(点E 与点C 不重合),当BE DE ⊥时,求点E 的坐标; (3)如果点F 是抛物线上的一点,且135FBD ∠=,求点F 的坐标.【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】图10C BAOyx24.(本题满分12分,每小题满分6分)如图10,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,直线AB 与抛物线2y ax bx =+交于点A (6,0)和点B (1,-5). (1)求这条抛物线的表达式和直线AB 的表达式; (2)如果点C 在直线AB 上,且∠BOC 的正切值是32, 求点C 的坐标.【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】图10ABxyo24.(本题满分12分,第(1)小题3分,第(2)小题4分,第(3)小题5分)如图,抛物线c bx x y ++-=221经过点A (﹣2,0),点B (0,4). (1)求这条抛物线的表达式;(2)P 是抛物线对称轴上的点,联结AB 、PB ,如果∠PBO=∠BAO ,求点P 的坐标;(3)将抛物线沿y 轴向下平移m 个单位,所得新抛物线与y 轴交于点D ,过点D 作DE ∥x 轴交新抛物线于点E ,射线EO 交新抛物线于点F ,如果EO =2OF ,求m 的值.【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】(第24题图)y xOBA24.(本题满分12分,每小题4分)在平面直角坐标系xOy (如图7)中,抛物线22++=bx ax y 经过点)0,4(A 、)2,2(B , 与y 轴的交点为C .(1)试求这个抛物线的表达式;(2)如果这个抛物线的顶点为M ,求△AMC 的面积; (3)如果这个抛物线的对称轴与直线BC 交于点D ,点E 在线段AB 上,且︒=∠45DOE ,求点E 的坐标.【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】图7 O 11 xy--24.(本题满分12分, 其中第(1)小题3分,第(2)小题5分,第(3)小题4分)在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,将抛物线2y x =-平移后经过点A (-1,0)、B (4,0),且平移后的抛物线与y 轴交于点C (如图).(1)求平移后的抛物线的表达式;(2)如果点D 在线段CB 上,且CD =2,求∠CAD 的正弦值;(3)点E 在y 轴上且位于点C 的上方,点P 在直线BC 上,点Q 在平移后的抛物线上,如果四边形ECPQ 是菱形,求点Q 的坐标.【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】CB A xyOCB A xyO(第24题图)(备用图)24.(本题满分12分,其中第(1)小题4分,第(2)小题3分,第(3)小题5分)在平面直角坐标系xOy 中(如图10),已知抛物线2(0)y ax bx c a =++≠的图像经过点(40)B ,、(53)D ,,设它与x 轴的另一个交点为A (点A 在点B 的左侧),且ABD ∆的面积是3. (1)求该抛物线的表达式; (2)求ADB ∠的正切值;(3)若抛物线与y 轴交于点C ,直线CD 交x 轴于点E ,点P 在射线AD 上,当APE ∆与ABD ∆相似时,求点P 的坐标.【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】BD O图10xy﹒﹒24.(本题满分12分,第(1)小题满分6分,第(2)小题满分6分)如图9,已知:二次函数2y x bx =+的图像交x 轴正半轴于点A ,顶点为P ,一次函数132y x =-的图像交x 轴于点B ,交y 轴于点C , ∠OCA 的正切值为23. (1)求二次函数的解析式与顶点P 坐标;(2)将二次函数图像向下平移m 个单位,设平移后抛物线顶点为P ’,若,求m 的值.【 答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】A B C O yx(图9)24.(本题满分12分,每小题4分)如图,在直角坐标平面内,抛物线经过原点O 、点)3,1(B ,又与x 轴正半轴相交于点A ,︒=∠45BAO ,点P 是线段AB 上的一点,过点P 作OB PM //,与抛物线交于点M ,且点M 在第一象限内.(1)求抛物线的表达式;(2)若AOB BMP ∠=∠,求点P 的坐标;(3)过点M 作x MC ⊥轴,分别交直线AB 、x 轴于点N 、C ,若ANC ∆的面积等于PMN ∆的面积的2倍,求NCMN 的值.【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】第24题图xO A By备用图xO A By24.已知抛物线c bx x y ++=2经过点()6,0A ,点()3,1B ,直线1l :()0≠=k kx y ,直线2l :2--=x y ,直线1l 经过抛物线c bx x y ++=2的顶点P ,且1l 与2l 相交于点C ,直线2l 与x 轴、y 轴分别交于点D 、E .若把抛物线上下平移,使抛物线的顶点在直线2l 上(此时抛物线的顶点记为M ),再把抛物线左右平移,使抛物线的顶点在直线1l 上(此时抛物线的顶点记为N ). (1)求抛物线c bx x y ++=2的解析式.(2)判断以点N 为圆心,半径长为4的圆与直线2l 的位置关系,并说明理由.(3)设点F 、H 在直线1l 上(点H 在点F 的下方),当MHF ∆与OAB ∆相似时,求点F 、H 的坐标(直接写出结果).【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】第24题yxO24.(本题共3小题,每小题4分,满分12分)已知:在平面直角坐标系xOy中,抛物线2y a x b x=+经过点A(5,0)、B(-3,4),抛物线的对称轴与x轴相交于点D.(1)求抛物线的表达式;(2)联结OB、BD.求∠BDO的余切值;(3)如果点P在线段BO的延长线上,且∠P AO =∠BAO,求点P的坐标.【答案请加QQ群712018203见Word教师版】x yO(第24题图)24.(本题满分12分,第(1)小题满分4分,第(2)小题满分4分,第(3)小题满分4分)如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,抛物线2y x bx c =-++与x 轴相交于原点O 和点B (4,0),点A (3,m )在抛物线上.(1)求抛物线的表达式,并写出它的对称轴; (2)求tan ∠OAB 的值;(3)点D 在抛物线的对称轴上,如果∠BAD =45°,求点D 的坐标.【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】OAy 第24题图xBF EA CB DF E A CB DⅣ第25题(压轴题)【2019届一模徐汇】25. (本题满分14分,第(1)小题4分,第(2)小题4分,第(3)小题6分)已知:在梯形ABCD 中,AD //BC ,AC =BC =10,54cos =∠ACB ,点E 在对角线AC 上(不与点A 、C 重合),EDC ACB ∠=∠,DE 的延长线与射线CB 交于点F ,设AD 的长为x . (1)如图1,当DF BC ⊥时,求AD 的长; (2)设EC 的长为y ,求y 关于x 的函数解析式,并直接写出定义域; (3)当△DFC 是等腰三角形时,求AD 的长.【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】(第25题图1) (第25题图)25. (本题满分14分,其中第(1)小题3分,第(2)小题5分,第(3)小题6分)将大小两把含30°角的直角三角尺按如图10-1位置摆放,即大小直角三角尺的直角顶点C 重合,小三角尺的顶点D 、E 分别在大三角尺的直角边AC 、BC 上, 此时小三角尺的斜边DE 恰好经过大三角尺的重心G . 已知∠A =∠CDE =30°,AB =12. (1)求小三角尺的直角边CD 的长;(2)将小三角尺绕点C 逆时针旋转,当点D 第一次落在大三角尺的边AB 上时(如图10-2),求点B 、E 之间的距离;(3)在小三角尺绕点C 旋转的过程中,当直线DE 经过点A 时,求∠BAE 的正弦值.【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】G(图10-1)(图10-2)E DCABDCBAE25.(本题满分14分,第(1)小题4分,第(2)、(3)小题各5分)已知:梯形ABCD 中,AD //BC ,AB ⊥BC ,AD =3,AB =6,DF ⊥DC 分别交射线AB 、射线CB 于点E 、F .(1)当点E 为边AB 的中点时(如图1),求BC 的长; (2)当点E 在边AB 上时(如图2),联结CE ,试问:∠DCE 的大小是否确定?若确定,请求出∠DCE 的正切值;若不确定,则设AE =x ,∠DCE 的正切值为y ,请求出y 关于x 的函数解析式,并写出定义域; (3)当△AEF 的面积为3时,求△DCE 的面积.【 答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】A BC D EF (图1) (第25题图) A B C D E F (图2)25.(本题满分14分)如图11,点O 在线段AB 上,22AO OB a ==,60BOP ∠=︒,点C 是射线OP 上的一个动点. (1)如图11①,当90ACB ∠=︒,2OC =,求a 的值;(2)如图11②,当AC =AB 时,求OC 的长(用含a 的代数式表示);(3)在第(2)题的条件下,过点A 作AQ ∥BC ,并使∠QOC=∠B ,求:AQ OQ 的值.【 答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】A BCPOABCPO图11①图11②25.(本题满分14分,第(1)小题满分4分,第(2)小题满分5分,第(3)小题满分5分)如图11,已知梯形ABCD 中,AB ∥CD ,∠DAB =90°,AD =4,26AB CD ==,E 是边BC 上一点,过点D 、E 分别作BC 、CD 的平行线交于点F ,联结AF 并延长,与射线DC 交于点G . (1)当点G 与点C 重合时,求:CE BE 的值;(2)当点G 在边CD 上时,设CE m =,求△DFG 的面积;(用含m 的代数式表示) (3)当AFD ∆∽ADG ∆时,求∠DAG 的余弦值.【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】图11ABC D F E G 备用图ABC D25.(本题满分14分,第(1)小题4分,第(2)、(3)小题各5分)如图,已知△ABC 中,∠ACB =90°,D 是边AB 的中点,P 是边AC 上一动点,BP 与CD 相交于点E . (1)如果BC =6,AC =8,且P 为AC 的中点,求线段BE 的长; (2)联结PD ,如果PD ⊥AB ,且CE =2,ED =3,求cosA 的值; (3)联结PD ,如果222BP CD ,且CE =2,ED =3,求线段PD 的长.【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】(备用图2)ABCD(备用图1)ABCD(第25题图)ABPC D E25.(满分14分,第(1)小题4分,第(2)、(3)小题各5分)在矩形ABCD 中,6=AB ,8=AD ,点E 是边AD 上一点,EC EM ⊥交AB 于点M ,点N 在射线MB 上,且AE 是AM 和AN 的比例中项. (1)如图8,求证:DCE ANE ∠=∠;(2)如图9,当点N 在线段MB 之间,联结AC ,且AC 与NE 互相垂直,求MN 的长; (3)联结AC ,如果△AEC 与以点E 、M 、N 为顶点所组成的三角形相似,求DE 的长.【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】A备用图BD CA 图8B M E DC N A 备用图 BD C ME N A 图9 B D C25.(本题满分14分,其中第(1)小题4分,第(2)小题6分,第(3)小题4分)如图,在梯形ABCD 中,AD//BC ,BC =18,DB =DC =15,点E 、F 分别在线段BD 、CD 上,DE =DF =5. AE 的延长线交边BC 于点G , AF 交BD 于点N 、其延长线交BC 的延长线于点H . (1)求证:BG =CH ;(2)设AD =x ,△ADN 的面积为y ,求y 关于x 的函数解析式,并写出它的定义域; (3)联结FG ,当△HFG 与△ADN 相似时,求AD 的长.【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】NHG FEDC AB (第25题图)图11ABCPQM25.(本题满分14分,其中第(1)小题4分,第(2)小题5分,第(3)小题5分)已知:如图11,在ABC ∆中,6AB =,9AC =,tan 22ABC ∠=.过点B 作BM //AC ,动点P 在射线BM 上(点P 不与点B 重合),联结PA 并延长到点Q ,使AQC ABP ∠=∠. (1)求ABC ∆的面积;(2)设BP x =,AQ y =,求y 关于x 的函数解析式,并写出x 的取值范围; (3)联结PC ,如果PQC ∆是直角三角形,求BP 的长.【 答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】25.(本题满分14分,第(1)小题满分4分,第(2)小题满分6分,第(3)小题满分4分)如图10,已知:梯形ABCD 中,∠ABC =90°,∠A =45°,AB ∥DC ,DC =3,AB =5,点 P 在AB 边上,以点A 为圆心AP 为半径作弧交边DC 于点E ,射线EP 与射线CB 交于点F .(1)若13AP ,求DE 的长; (2)联结CP ,若CP=EP ,求AP 的长;(3)线段CF 上是否存在点G ,使得△ADE 与△FGE 相似,若相似,求FG 的值;若不相似,请说明理由.【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】备用图A BCD PEABCDF(图10)25.(本题满分14分,第(1)小题4分,第(2)小题6分,第(3)小题4分)已知锐角MBN ∠的余弦值为53,点C 在射线BN 上,25=BC ,点A 在MBN ∠的内部, 且︒=∠90BAC ,MBN BCA ∠=∠.过点A 的直线DE 分别交射线BM 、射线BN 于点D 、E . 点F 在线段BE 上(点F 不与点B 重合),且MBN EAF ∠=∠. (1)如图1,当BN AF ⊥时,求EF 的长;(2)如图2,当点E 在线段BC 上时,设x BF =,y BD =,求y 关于x 的函数解析式并写出函数定义域;(3)联结DF ,当ADF ∆与ACE ∆相似时,请直接写出BD 的长.【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】第25题图如图2BF EC N DA MB FC E N AD M如图1备用图BC NAM25.已知多边形ABCDEF 是⊙O 的内接正六边形,联结AC 、FD ,点H 是射线AF 上的一个动点,联结CH ,直线CH 交射线DF 于点G ,作CH MH ⊥交CD 的延长线于点M ,设⊙O 的半径为()0>r r . (1)求证:四边形ACDF 是矩形.(2)当CH 经过点E 时,⊙M 与⊙O 外切,求⊙M 的半径(用r 的代数式表示).(3)设()900<<=∠ααHCD ,求点C 、M 、H 、F 构成的四边形的面积(用r 及含α的三角比的式子表示).【答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】A B C D EF G O HM第25题图第25题备用图 ABCD E FO25.(本题满分14分,其中第(1)小题4分、第(2)、(3)小题各5分)如图,在梯形ABCD 中,AD // BC ,AB = CD ,AD = 5,BC = 15,5cos 13ABC ∠=.E 为射线CD 上任意一点,过点A 作AF // BE ,与射线CD 相交于点F .联结BF ,与直线AD 相交于点G .设CE = x ,AGy DG=.(1)求AB 的长;(2)当点G 在线段AD 上时,求y 关于x 的函数解析式,并写出函数的定义域; (3)如果23ABEF ABCDS S =四边形四边形,求线段CE 的长.【 答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】ABCDEFG(第25题图)ABCD(备用图)25.(本题满分14分,第(1)小题满分4分,第(2)小题满分6分,第(3)小题满分4分)如图,在四边形ABCD 中,AD ∥BC ,∠A =90°,AB =6,BC =10,点E 为边AD 上一点,将△ABE 沿BE 翻折,点A 落在对角线BD 上的点G 处,联结EG 并延长交射线BC 于点F . (1)如果cos ∠DBC =23,求EF 的长;(2)当点F 在边BC 上时,联结AG ,设AD=x ,ABG BEFS y S ∆∆= ,求y 关于x 的函数关系式,并写出x 的取值范围;(3)联结CG ,如果△FCG 是等腰三角形,求AD 的长.【 答案请加QQ 群712018203见Word 教师版】第25题备用图 AB C 第25题图 E A B C F D G。
2019届高三年级(一模)考试数学试题分类汇编---函数
5
x 对 x [25,1600] 恒成立
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( 1)若一天中保温时段的通风量保持 100 个单位不变,求大棚一天中保温时段的最低温度(精确
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( 1)判断函数 f ( x) x 10 是否符合公司奖励方案函数模型的要求,并说明理由; 30
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2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解A篇--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对终结版).do
One【2019届上海市虹口区高三英语一模试题】Section BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)There aren’t many actors around the world who have enough selfconfidence to turn down an offer from Steven Spielberg. Maybe thatwas why Juliette Binoche gave him a choice. She said she’d be happyto be in Jurassic Park as long as she could play a dinosaur. Of coursehe turned her down and it was probably a good thing. It’s difficult toimagine Juliette ripping people apart with her teeth. However, herdecision doesn’t seem to have done her career any harm. She has gone on to make a string of hits, including The Unbearable Lightness of Being, The English Patient (for which she won an Oscar) and Chocolat.Success in the United States has not been so easy for otherforeign stars. Gerald Depardieu is a good example. Since his firstfilm in 1967, his filmography(影片集锦) lists 172 acting credits.But he has struggled on the other side of the pond. While some ofhis films have been popular in the US, they have usually beenFrench films that travelled. One possible exception was Green Card, directed by Peter Weir, where he plays a French immigrant who goes through a fake wedding in order to stay and work in the United States. This is a predictable but sweet romantic comedy which typecasts (分配同一类型角色) its lead actors in terms of national stereotypes. While some reviewers were kind, others shredded both the film and Depardieu’s performance.While Monsieur Depardieu has n’t received the recognition he would have liked in the United States, one Mexican actor has achieved almost instant success. Gael Garcia Bernal first gained recognition in Amores Perros in 2000 and a year later in Y tu mama tambien. Since then he has appeared with hometown hero, Brad Pitt in Babel and, under the direction of top producer and director, Jim Jarmusch, he starred in Limits of Control. He hasn’t picked up an Oscar yet, but hewas nominated for a BAFTA(英国电影电视艺术学院奖) in 2005 for his performance as the South American hero revolutionary Che Guevara, in Motorcycle Diaries. In the same year he played American music icon Elvis Presley in The King.56. It can be inferred from the passage that Juliette Binoche ______.A. very much wanted to be in Jurassic ParkB. didn’t want to be in Jurassic ParkC. really wanted to play a dinosaur in Jurassic ParkD. was hesitant whether she could play a dinosaur well57. According to the writer, Gerald Depardieu’s most popular films ______.A. have been made in HollywoodB. have only been seen in EuropeC. have been made in France, but seen in other countries, tooD. have been made in Hollywood, but well received in France58. The last sentence in Para 2 “o thers shredded both the film and Depardieu’s performance”means others thought Depardieu’s performance and the film were ______.A. complexB. interestingC. terribleD. impressive59. The writer’s purpose in writing this article is to suggest that ______.A. Foreign actors generally do well in the United StatesB. American actors are able to earn more money than foreign actorsC. Foreign actors are playing an irreplaceable role in the United StatesD. a successful career in Europe or Latin America doesn’t guarantee success in the USAKeys: 56-59 BCCDSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them. There are four choices marked A, B, C and D. choose the one that fits best according to the Information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Despite an advertisement campaign suggesting wall-to-wall special effects, “Bridge of Terabithia” is grounded in reality far more than in fantasy. Adapting Katherine Paterson’s award-winning novel, the screenwriters David Paterson and Jeff Stockwell have produced a thoughtful and extremely affecting story of a transformative friendship between two unusually gifted children. The result is a movie whose emotional depth could appeal more to adults than to their children.Jess Aarons (Josh Hutcherson) is a sixth grader with four sisters, financially tensed parents and a talent for drawing. An introverted(内向的) kid who is regularly picked on by the school buses, Jess forms a bond with a new student named Leslie (Anna Sophia Robb), a free spirit whose parents, both writers, are fondly neglectful. An attraction between outsiders, their friendship feeds on her words and his pictures; together they create an imaginary kingdom in the woods behind their homes, a world they can control and where their minds can wander free.Beautifully capturing a time when a bully in school can occur as large as a monster in a nightmare and the encouragement of a teacher can alter the course of a life, “Bridge to Terabithia” keeps the fantasy in the background to find magic in the everyday. Gabor Csupo directs this, his first feature, like someone close to the pain of being different, fascinated in tiny, perfect details.With strong performances from all the lea ds, “Bridge to Terabithia” is able to handle adult topics with sensitivity. As the emotional landscape darkens, those who haven’t read the book may be surprised at the sorrow the filmmakers cause without ever resorting to horror or terror. In other words, your children may cry, but they won’t be traumatized so badly.Consistently smart and delicate as a spider web, “Bridge to Terabithia” is the kind of children’s movie rarely seen nowadays. At a time when many public schools are being forced to cut music an d art from the curriculum, the story’s insistence on the healing power of a cultivated imagination is both welcome and essential.56. The second paragraph indicates that Jess and Leslie ________.A. lost their control over the imaginary kingdomB. looked down on their individual realitiesC. formed a good friendship despite their different talentsD. wrote a book about a magical land called Terabithia57. Which of the following words is most likely to replace “traumatized” (paragraph 4)?A. criticizedB. ignoredC. delightedD. shocked58. The two children most likely ________.A. skipped school to play in the woods behind their campusB. created an imaginary world as an escape from realityC. disappointed their parents with their over-active imaginationsD. won against the bullies at school with strong performances59. Which of the following statements will the author most probably agree with?A. The fantasy components of the movie were too over-done.B. The movie is motional but not much too dramatic.C. “Bridge to Terabithia” has a negative impact on public school education.D. Children shouldn’t watch the film as they are too young to understand the topics.Keys: 56-59 CDBBSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One recent night, while I was leafing through its pages of an old journal, my eyes met a quote by the British writer Graham Greene that I had marked. “A prejudice had something in common with an ideal.” In other words, ideals---general descriptions of people’s expectations of themselves and others---can often lead us to unreasonable ideas. It got me thinking about how we often allow ourselves to generalize about groups of people. We like to stereotype people by the color of their skin, the year of their birth or any other related factors.I grew up in a multi-racial corner of America. The different groups were often subject to narrow stereotypes: Jewish people were “greedy,” Mexicans were “poorly educated,” and Asians were “good at math.” These labels were taugh t to us from a young age. They wormed their wayinto our belief systems, harming how we came to see others. It made me sad growing up to see people repeat these stereotypes as if they were true. The rush-to-judgment of people breeds a culture of discrimination(歧视).You can also see these over-generalized description being made against today’s Chinese people. Whether it be a lack of interest or worry among millennials(千禧一代) being described as “monkish,” or “dad-fashion(复古作风)” which has given the “greasy midd le-aged men” tag, stereotypes always seem to gain a foothold in the consciousness of our society. But these generalizations do real harm as these myths may become part of the wider population.It’s about time that we, as a society, walked away from general izations and stereotypes. I leave you with the words of Martin Luther King Jr. from his famous “I Have a Dream” speech: “I look to a day when people will not be judged by the color of their skin, but by the content of their character.” By reserving judgmen t and really getting to know the individual, you might just find your irrational ideas have no foundation.56. According to the passage, how do people tend to judge others?A. By describing people’s personalities.B. By truly getting to know those around.C. By observing their noticeable features.D. By following Martin Luther King’s speech57. According to the author, a culture of discrimination appears because __________.A. people live in places of various racesB. people are born with unreasonable ideasC. prejudices slightly influence people’s belief systemD. people usually make judgments without thinking twice58. Examples of “millennials” and “dad-fashion” are mentioned in Paragraph 3 to reveal _______.A. generalizations have unfavourable position in societyB. generalizations have a negative influence on our societyC. generalizations are found peculiar to the middle-aged ChineseD. generalizations make today’s Chinese people lack interest or worry59. The passage is mainly concerned with ________.A. the common prejudiceB. people’s expectation of themselvesC. the groundless worriesD. the famous speech of Martin Luther KingKeys: 56-59 CDBASection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have read.(A)What to endure before publication?It takes a lot to write a novel. Even those who haven’t tried would say, “Well, duh!” to this. But it’s not much the mind space or the considerable time it takes to write a novel that is as discouraging as how many times any writer must go back to the drawing board for yet another draft. To really ready a novel for publication, a writer must spend time with his or her book. Like any promising relationship, you, the writer , must date your novel, take it out to dinner, meet its parents, and see it through its most trying and desperate times. As a writer, you have to stay up all night with your novel crying and talking and sometimes even pulling your hair out before that perfect moment of inspiration can truly help you cross the finish line.For many published authors I know, myself included, a completed novel takes them about 10, that’s right, 10 drafts, and at least a year of real editing. Will you be spending every single second editing your novel? No, of course not. Just as drafts need some real time on the surgery table, they also need rest in the recovery room. You don’t nurse a relationship by spending every waking second with them until you can’t stand the sight of each other, and you can’t produce a novel by breathing down its literary neck. However, a novel should undergo many drafts---and different kinds of drafts—before declaring it ready for an agent or editor to see.Everyone has their own way to write a novel, and not all craft advice (or even craft “rules”) should all be followed by everyone, but when it comes to the many drafts of a novel, there are specific things a writer should focus on during each revision to help create a smooth transition from the initial idea to final products.56. People are discouraged from writing a novel mainly because it requires _____.A. a good publisherB. too much thinkingC. tons of working timeD. frequent revisions57. What do writers do in the course of creating a novel?A. They spend every minute with the novel.B. They treat the novel as a lover.C. They go out with some readers for dinner.D. They hurt themselves to stay awake.58. By “breathing down its literary neck” in Paragraph 2, the author most probably means _____.A. writing casually thus failing to take readers’ breath awayB. letting go a single mistake thus annoying the readersC. X-raying the work thus finding each literary mistakeD. sticking too close to the work thus causing anxiety59. Which of the following is most likely to come after the last paragraph?A. The importance of using proper transitional words in writing.B. The writing experience shared by famous successful write.C. Tips on how to make ten drafts to complete a good novel.D. Setbacks writers may suffer if ignoring the craft advice.Keys: 56-59 DBDCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The lives of the Ancient Greeks revolved(运转) around Eris, a concept by which they defined the universe. They believed that the world existed in a condition of opposites. If there was good, then there was evil;if there was love, then there was hatred; joy, then sorrow; war, then peace; andso on. The Greeks believed that good Eris occurred when one held a balanced outlook on life and coped with problems as they arose. It was a kind of ease of living that came from trying to bring together the great opposing forces in nature. Bad Eris was evident in the violent conditions that ruled men’s lives. Although these things were found in nature and sometimes could not be controlled, it was believed that bad Eris occurred when one ignored a problem, letting it grow larger until it destroyed not only that person, but his family as well. The Ancient Greeks saw Eris as a goddess: Eris, the Goddess of Discord, better known as Trouble.One myth that expresses this concept of bad Eris deals with the marriage of King Peleus and the river goddess Thetis. Zeus, the supreme ruler, learns that Thetis would bear a child strong enough to destroy its father. Not wanting to father his own ruin, Zeus convinces Thetis to marry a human, a mortal(凡人) whose child could never challenge the gods. He promises her, among other things, the greatest wedding in all of Heaven and Earth and allows the couple to invite whomever they please. This is one of the first mixed marriages of Greek Mythology and the lesson learned from it still applies today. They do invite everyone . . . except Eris, the Goddess of Discord. In other words, instead of facing the problems brought on by a mixed marriage, they turn their backs on them. They refused to deal directly with their problems and the result is tragic. In her fury(狂怒), Eris arrives, ruins the wedding, causes a jealous argument between the three major goddesses over a golden apple, and sets in place the conditions that lead to the Trojan War. The war would take place 20 years in the future, but it would result in the death of the only child of the bride and groom, Achilles. Eris would destroy the parents’ hopes for their future, leaving the couple with no legal heirs (继承人) to the throne.Hence, when we are told, “If you don’t invite trouble, trouble comes,” it means that if we don’t deal with our problems, our problems will deal with us . . . with a revenge! It is easy to see why the Greeks considered many of their myths learning myths, for this one teaches us the best way to defeat that which can destroy us.56. Bad Eris is defined in the passage as _______.A. the violent conditions of life.B. the problems man encounters.C. the evil goddess who has a golden apple.D. the murderer of generations.57. Zeus married Thetis off because _______.A. he needed to buy the loyalty of a great king of mankind.B. he feared the gods would create bad Eris by competing over her.C. he feared the Trojan War would be fought over her.D. he feared being a father of a boy who would kill him in the future.58. Zeus did not fear a child of King Peleus because _______.A. he knew that the child could not climb Mt. Olympus and manage to kill a god.B. he knew that the child would be killed in the Trojan War which would happen in 20 years.C. he knew t hat no matter how strong a mortal child was, he couldn’t overthrow an immortal god.D. he knew that Thetis would always love him above everyone else.59. What does the myth in the passage want to tell us?A. Do not consider a mixed marriage.B. Do not anger the gods.C. Do not ignore the problems that arise in life.D. Do not take myths seriously.Keys: 56-59 ADCCSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or Unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B. C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Once again DC Comics and Warner Bros. have divided fans and critics over their latest superhero film.There had been worrying news about Justice League in the months before its release, with a lot of reshoots of scenes, a new director being brought in to finish the film after original director Zack Snyder’s tragic loss of his daughter and, of course, a lot of talk about Ben Affleck’s future in the role of Batman.Some people are saying that Justice League is another big disappointment, that it could havebeen incredible and instead fails to really entertain. Others say that Warner Bros, have finally got it right and that the future for the League looks bright. My opinion lies somewhere in the middle. The film was by no means a disappointment: it was exciting, funny and a lot of fun to watch. There’s something special about watching the heroes from your childhood brought to life on the big screen and maybe that is affecting my opinion.However, I will say that a lot of work needs to be done if the producer wants to make a great success. Although the film was good, it was obvious which scenes had been reshot and how the characters had been changed. I also have to mention the several scenes in which the special effects were very badly done; there are the kinds of problems that you don’t expect to see in a film with such a big budget.Another point to add is that it is good to see the producer making Superman slightly a brighter character and adding some jokes to the plot to keep things fun. But the producer must be careful not to make the mistake that another film producer---here, not mentioning the name---is coming very close to doing: turning all of the films into bright and colorful shows and losing a lot of seriously good stories.In the end, Justice League is not a perfect film but it is definitely not a terrible one. A lot of work is still to be done but I hope that DC does not completely lose its darker side.56. Before the release of Justice League, many people showed their ________.A. pity for the director, Zack SnyderB. concern about the film’s qualityC. higher expectation of the new directorD. support for the actor, Ben Affleck57. According to the author, what’s special about Justice League?A. It advocates social justice.B. It brings lots of fun to the audience.C. It has some brave heroes.D. It brings back childhood memories.58. In Paragraph 5 the author mainly wants to express his _________.A. views on the film’s weaknessB. advice to the film’s directorC. love for the filmD. expectation of the film’s sequels59. The author mentioned another film producer to ________.A. stress the importance of fun in a filmB. show Justice League’s lack of a ser ious plotC. serve as a warning to the producer of Justice LeagueD. set an example for the producer of Justice LeagueKeys: 56-59 BDBCSection BDirections:Read the following passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I’m a student in my fourth year of a biomedical science degree at Robert Gordon University in Aberdeen, but I also work 38 hours a week at Sainsbury’s to make ends meet. I do three night shifts a week, plus overtime if I can get it. Monday is the most occupied day for me -- I work from 10 pm until 8 am on Saturday and Sunday nights, earning just over £100 a night, and then I have to be at my first lecture at 9 am on Monday. By the time I finish lectures, at 2 p m, I’m exhausted, but I know I have to be back at work by 10 pm.I constantly have to force myself to stay awake, and to be alert, whatever it takes. A packet of Skittles and a Red Bull usually helps. The work I do at Sainsbury’s is very physical like stac king shelves. I’m lucky because I’m an active person and the amount I lift at work is nothing compared with the weights I lift in the gym. I know I have the strength to bear it.I’m originally from Nigeria. I came here when I was seven, growing up in Croyd on, south London. Money was tight. My parents gave me everything I needed, but there was no money to spend on luxuries. I worked hard at school though and, with the help of GT Scholars, I got some of the best A-level grades in my class.Unfortunately, thou gh I had applied for “settled” British residential status when very young, the Home Office waited until I was in sixth form to approve my application. That meant I wasn’t eligible for a student loan. The only way I could afford to go to university was that if I got a job that would pay for all my living costs and my parents, who work in market research, paid for my tuition fees. In Scotland, that’s about £7,000 a year.I don’t have much time to socialize because of my job. Ideally, I would also like to havemore time to study so I can excel at my course. Yes, I have a lot on my plate, but working hard isn’t new to me. Growing up, my parents and my mentors in the church and at GT Scholars cultivated in me the importance of working hard for what I want in life.My dream is to do an MA in physiotherapy next year and then get a job working for the NHS. But right now, I’m just focused on trying to get the best grades I can. Whenever I find life hard, I tell myself this is about my future. I don’t need much, but I would like to worry less about money and have more free time. That is what I look forward to the most.56. Why does the author work long hours and sometimes overtime every week?A. To help his parents pay off the debts.B. To pay for his tuition fees.C. To prove his ability to earn money.D. To pay for his own living expenses.57. The underlined word “eligible” in the passage can be replaced by ________.A. responsibleB. qualifiedC. feasibleD. anxious58. According to the passage, which of the following words can NOT be used to describe the author?A. Sociable.B. Diligent.C. Ambitious.D. Persistent.59. Which of the following proverbs can best summarize the passage?A. A penny saved is a penny earned.B. Actions speak louder than words.C. God helps those who help themselves.D. Where there is life, there is hope.Keys: 56-59 DBACSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I boarded a small plane together with my sister and 42 other passengers. While flying over the mountains, the plane encountered violent airflow. Losing control suddenly, it hit an unknownmountain peak. The impact of the crash claimed the lives of a few passengers immediately, leaving many injured including my sister.Adding a slight chance of being found out, we waited in the open, as opposed to waiting in the plane, even though it was freezing cold. At night, we slept side by side to keep ourselves warm and melted snow into water. We knew our fo od couldn’t last us long, sticking to the hope that we would be rescued soon.We knew from radio that the outside world was trying to look for the missing aircraft. However, the aircraft was white and blended in with the snow, making it impossible to be seen from the sky. Later, our hope was dead when we found out via our radio that the rescue effort ended.Now climbing over the mountains ourselves to search for help seemed to be our only chance of survival. Although the crash site was an awful place, with urine(尿)everywhere and smelling of death, I still wished to stay there. But my sister would give in to her injuries soon if we were not rescued. Thus, together with two other people, Canessa and Vizintin, I decided to walk through the icy wilderness for help. Carrying some food and water, the three climbers started our journey. If we had known anything about climbing, we would have realized that we were already finished. The mountain we were about to challenge was one with slopes so steep that it would scare away a team of expert climbers. Our ignorance provided our only chance.We endured exhaustion and starvation and we had reached the top.To our horror, we found nothing. Disappointed, we were about to give up hope when I spotted a valley at the base of the mountain and again we started making our way down the mountain.Eventually, at the bottom of the mountain we were helped by a local farmer who called the police for help. I then guided the rescue team via a helicopter to the crash site. Finally, after we had endured nineteen cruel days, the world found out that there were 16 survivors who had cheated death despite the odds.56. Why did they stay outside the plane?A. Because they didn’t want to stay with dead people inside.B. Because it’s easier to obtain melted snow for water.C. Because they hoped to be seen by the rescue people.D. Because other passengers were against staying inside.57. Why did the author leave the crash site despite his wish to stay?A. Because he could get help from two experienced climbers.B. Because his sister might die without timely medical help.C. Because the crash site was too terrible for him to stay in.D. Because he would like to be tested by the steep mountain slopes.58. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A. Rescue people didn’t notice the aircraft because of its color at the beginning.B. The public knew where the plane crashed from the radio.C. The author gave up the climb halfway due to disappointment.D. More than half of the plane passengers were finally rescued.59. The underlined sentence had cheated death despite the odds is closest in meaning to ________.A. had told lies about death in spite of realityB. had avoided death in spite of huge difficultiesC. had treated death with positive attitudeD. had almost died in spite of strange expectationKeys: 56-59 CBABSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Flu is killing us. The usual response to the annual flu is not enough to fight against the risks we currently face, let alone prepare us for an even deadlier widespread flu that most experts agree will come in the future. Yes, we have an annual vaccine (疫苗), and everyone qualified should get。
2019届上海各区初三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--完型填空--学生版(纯净word已校对终结版)
VI. Reading Comprehension(阅读理解) (共50分)B. Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) (12分)Narcissus was a famous character in Greek myth. Once upon a time, there was a boy called Narcissus. He was the son of a god and his beauty won the hearts of millions of women. They fell in love with him, but he turned them away. He was so ____75____ that he looked down upon and even laughed at girls who fell in love with him.One of the who loved Narcissus was a nymph(女神) called Echo. Echo could not speak ____76____-What she could only repeat what was said to her, so she couldn’t express her love for Narcissus.One day, when Narcissus was walking in the woods with some friends, he lost his way. He called out “Is anyone here?” Echo replied “Here, Here” right away. Echo stepped forward with open arms, wanting to hug him. But Narcissus ____77____ to accept Echo’s love. Echo was so upset that she ran away and hid in a small cave with nothing left except her ____78____. That’s why “echo” means repeated sound in English.Another goddess found out about this, and she decided to punish(惩罚) his behavior because it ____79____ cruelty and pain. She attracted Narcissus to a pool, where he saw his own reflection(倒影) in the water and fell deeply in love with the beauty of his reflection, not realizing it was himself. He tried to kiss it. However, as soon as he touched the surface of water, the reflection moved away. He stared at his beautiful reflection for such a long time that he forgot all about the need to eat and drink. ____80____, he lost his life. Where he died a flower grew, and that flower is called a narcissus today.75. A. kind B. surprised C. proud D. confused76. A. loudly B. properly C. quietly D. recently77. A. managed B. arranged C. preferred D. refused78. A. voice B. friends C. love D. clothes79. A. stood for B. dealt with C. put off D. gave up80. A. In addition B. In fact C. In brief D. In the endVI. Reading Comprehension(阅读理解) (共50分)B. Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) (12分)I will never forget the Sunday afternoons I spent at my grandfather’s farm in Western Pennsylvania when I was a little boy. Miles of winding stone walls around the house provided endless hours of ____75____ for a city kid like me.I can still remember one afternoon when I was eight years old. Since my first visit to the ____76____, I’d wanted to be allowed to climb the stone walls around the farm. My parents would never think it was good. Still, my wish to climb across those walls grew so ____77____. One spring afternoon, I picked up all my courage and entered the living room, where the adults were sitting and talking over tea after dinner.“Can I climb the stone walls?” I asked. Immediately the women in the room cried. “Heavens, no! You ____78____ yourself!” I wasn’t too disappointed; their reply was just as I’d expected. But before I could leave the room, my grandfather stopped me. “Wait a minute.” I heard him say, “Let the boy climb the stone walls. He has to ____79____ to do things for himself.”“Hurry up,” he said to me, “and come and see me when you get back.” For the next two and a half hours I climbed those old walls and had the time of my life. Later I met with my grandfather to tell him about my adventure(冒险). I’ll never forget what he said. “Fred,” he said, smiling, “you made th is day a ____80____ day just by being yourself. Always remember, there’s only one person in this whole world like you, and I like you exactly as you are.”75. A. sadness B. pity C. fun D. puzzle76. A. farm B. house C. home D. room77. A. weak B. high C. low D. strong78. A. enjoy B. hurt C. forget D. lose79. A. agree B. finish C. promise D. learn80. A. terrible B. difficult C. special D. hopelessVI. Reading Comprehension(阅读理解) (共50分)B. Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) (12分)Having a positive attitude towards life is extremely important in all aspect, especially in an interview. Most people do poorly at interviews because they don’t have a positive attitude. In order words, they are _____75_____ and forget all of their strengths and achievements. Don’t be shy! Tell the world about the good things you have done.Here are some things to encourage you and improve your performance in life.Always keep _____76______ with people you are talking to. Looking into someone’s eyes expresses honestly. Besides, your smile will cheer up everyone.Always use a handshake when you meet an interviewer. If you shake the interviewer’s hand firmly and tell your name proudly, you will ____77____ show you are serious about your occupation. Such a handshake will bring the feelings of being trustful and equal. This is the best way to make a good ____78____.Always look on the bright side of life. _____79____ advantages of everything and everone. Every person has shining points, find them!Be glad to learn something new every day.Be generous to share something new with your partner every day.Always say more than yes or no when you are ____80____.As long as you know the above tips, your life will gradually bring some active responses in return.75. A. excited B. nervous C. strange D. calm76. A. personal distance B. physical signal C. private room D. eye contact77. A. gently B. suddenly C. directly D. finally78. A. impression B. situation C. location D. solution79. A. Take out B. Look out C. Turn out D. Point out80. A. taught B. asked C. praised D. greetedVI. Reading Comprehension(阅读理解) (共50分)B. Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) (12分)Shops have all kinds of tricks to get you in their doors, or on their websites, and spending. They are like traps to catch you, the buyer. If you know what those traps are, you can avoid falling into them.Loss leaders(亏本促销商品)Step one is to get you into the shop. The ____75____ that they do this is by advertising a product that you need at a crazy low price. The price might even be below cost. They___76___ lose money when you buy that milk or those diapers, but you come in for that. Once in the shop you are sure to get the other things that you want and need, aren’t you? Those are called loss leaders.The expensive one makes yours seem reasonableY ou’re looking for a quality jacket. The one you want costs more than you ___77____, but right next to it is a very expensive one. Suddenly yours seems pretty reasonable. Y ou decide to buy it ____78____ some people are spending even more money on jackets. Y ou’ve been caught out! The placing of differently-priced items like this is done on purpose.They give you a place to restYou are tried from shopping and are thinking of going home. But then you see a bench, or a place to get a cheap coffee or cake. You take a break and then you are ____79____ to shop again. That is just what is likely to happen. Some shops even provide creches where parents can leave their children in order to shop more easily.That“99”really ____80____ people to buyYou probably don’t believe that just because something is priced $9.99 instead of $10 you’ll buy it. But studies have proven that it is true. It is called the“left-digit effect”. Be aware of that when you shop.Avoid these traps so that you won’t spend too much.75. A. plan B. aim C. way D. idea76. A. actually B. mainly C. widely D. already77. A. complain B. expect C. prepare D. select78. A. though B. when C. until D. because79. A. lucky B. free C. responsible D. ready80. A. orders B. encourages C. disturbs D. warnsVI. Reading Comprehension(阅读理解) (共50分)B. Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) (12分)Do you have any effective ways of learning to share? Here are some tips on how to ____75____ the Exam Season.Prepare yourselfMy first tip is to prepare yourself for reviewing. Let me explain what I mean by this.During the term, you’re going to take a lot of notes and go to all the lectures, and these are the first steps in the learning ____76____. Now, at the end of the week, gather all the notes you took and run through them quickly. While doing this, constantly(不断地) ask yourself, “Do I understand what I am reading?”If yes, great. If not, ask a friend or a teacher; you can also____77____ on the internet or go to a library. This take a little effort, but the results will be worth it.There are two big advantages. You understand ____78____ before the exam period starts, so you don’t have to bother other people with your questions during this stressful time, and the second benefit is that you have seen the material before you start reviewing, so you’ll probably remember some things, and it makes reviewing ____79____.Switch between different types of revisionMy second trip is to plan between different types of revision in order to study more efficiently. ____80____ you are motivated(主动积极的) to study, everyone gets bored after a couple of hours of studying. We get distracted or tired from time to time. Planning different types of active revision helps. You can, for example, study using flashcards for an hour, then work on a summary for an hour, then have lunch, etc.75. A. escape B. beat C. survive D. change76. A. process B. example C. relationship D. generation77. A. took it up B. look it up C.make it up D. pick it up78. A. everything B. anything C. nothing D. something79. A. longer B. stricter C. lighter D. easier80. A. If B. Even if C. Now that D. As long asVI. Reading Comprehension(阅读理解) (共50分)B. Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) (12分)Travel can be exciting but also dangerous at times. Follow these safety tips to protect yourself.➢Choose your ground transportation _____75____Whenever possible, travel in a vehicle(机动车) that is in good condition and offers working seat belts. Research the safety records of bus companies, and avoid using less-safe vehicles.➢Find information about your destinationGet trustworthy _____76____ about wherever you’re visiting. Find out everything, from th e local laws to any travel warnings(including crime and security warnings). Make your plan according to the information.➢Review the escape route in your hotel roomLet’s be honest---when you check into a hotel room, you’re more ____77____ beds or swimming pools than studying the map on the back of your door. But before you get too settled in, you should take a quick look at the emergency(紧急情况) escape routes. You’ll be glad you did if an emergency arises in the middle of the night.➢Prepare a copy of your passportBefore you leave, get a copy of your passport, take a photo of it to save on your cell phone, and email it to yourself. That way, if you need your passport while out(but it’s locked up in your hotel safe), you’ll have all your information. Plus, if it’s stolen, getting a replacement will be much ____78____.➢Confirm(确认) visitors with the hotel deskYou’re in your hotel room and there’s a knock at the door from someone saying he is the worker in the hotel. ____79____ you let this person in, call down to the front desk to make sure. ➢Save emergency numbersFind out what the local emergency hotlines are and save them to your phone. Also ____80____ the phone numbers of your country’s embassies and save those addresses as well.75. A. regularly B. properly C. directly D. quickly76. A. conclusions B. advertisements C. memories D. details77. A. surprised at B. careful with C. interested in D. used to78. A. worse B. cheaper C. easier D. clearer79. A. While B. Before C. Until D. As80. A. look up B. fill in C. work out D. deal withVI. Reading Comprehension(阅读理解) (共50分)B. Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) (12分)Do you know something about cats? Do we humans learn something good from them?Cats are animals of habit. They like to go to sleep about the same time every day and for a certain length of time. They seem to have a natural clock inside them that tells them when to sleep and when to _____75____.Cats make up their regular sleep with occasional(间或的) cat naps. Some experts feel that humans could also benefit from this habit. Cat naps help to build up energy in the body. They are also a good way to overcome boredom. Since cats have moods ____76____ those of humans, some experts believe people can ____77____ their moods and attitudes by catnapping. People might become happier and more positive and they can finish their work more efficiently.A number of famous people have ____78____ cats by taking cat naps during the day. The naps would usually last from 15 to 30 minutes.President Harry Truman, John Kennedy and Lyndon B Johnson like taking naps. WinstonChurchill took cat naps, too. When he was 66 years old, Churchill was appointed Prime Minister of England(任命英国首相) at the important time by King George VI. England’s army suffered many losses at the beginning of World War II. Churchill faced a large number of challenges. But with his full energy and his great ability, he led his people to victory. He was a tireless source of strength to his people. Churchill ____79____ told one of his best friends privately that the reason why he was able to work long hours, often into the deep night, napping was his ____80____.Perhaps more people could learn from cats and take naps to feel better and live longer.75. A. stay up B. wake up C. put up D. turn up76. A. similar to B. same as C. different from D. connected with77. A. increase B. improve C. impress D. interest78. A. caught B. cared C. copied D. controlled79. A. once B. never C. seldom D. nearly80. A. story B. secret C. success D. suggestionVI. Reading Comprehension(阅读理解) (共50分)B. Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) (12分)Today’s TopicParents are asked to guard school gates every morning. Do you think it’s reasonable?75. A) harder B) longer C) farther D) higher76. A) waiting for B) talking with C) listening to D) depending on77. A) excuse B) way C) proof D) culture78. A) bravely B) excitedly C) confidently D) faithfully79. A) What’s more B) As a result C) For the time being D) At last80. A) emotions B) methods C) opinions D) reasonsVI. Reading Comprehension(阅读理解) (共50分)B. Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) (12分)In northern Europe, there is a small town where many buildings have an international border(边界) running through them. This unusual town is named Baarle. Half of the town belongs to Belgium(比利时) and the other half belongs to the Netherlands (荷兰). This border is ____75____ white crosses on the pavement with “B” on one side and “NL” on the other.Local residents have more choices in their lives because of the special ____76____ of the town. For example, they can go shopping any day of the week. Shops in Belgium are closed onSundays while those in the Netherlands are not. Therefore, when the Belgian shops have to close on Sunday, people can____77____ buy anything they need in the Dutch (荷兰的) shops. Some shop owners, whose shops are divided by the border, take advantage of it by installing a front door on the Dutch side, so that they can do business seven days a week.However, there are____78____ , too. For example, the Belgian Baarle and the Dutch Baarle have to seek permission from each other to build a road if the road runs right on the border. Besides, a house may have____79____ street numbers if it sits on the border, which is confusing sometimes.Baarle certainly attracts tourists. People think it is funny when they and their friends are in the same restaurant, but eating in____80____ countries. Next time you travel to northern Europe, don’t for get to visit this town.75. A) marked with B) similar to C) familiar with D) ready for76. A) food B) name C) location D) view77. A) never B) still C) seldom D) sometimes78. A) differences B) advantages C) competitions D) problems79. A) two B) three C) four D) five80. A) modern B) beautiful C) different D) richVI. Reading Comprehension(阅读理解) (共50分)B. Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) (12分) The rise of e-learning 21 February, 2053A new study published today shows that e-learning is more popular than ever. According to a survey, 57% of students now get degrees(学位)through e-learning, with only 43% getting degrees by attending a ___75___ university.We spoke to Zhong Tai, an eighteen-year-old student from Sichuan Province who started an e-learning course last month.“After I fi nished high school. I knew I wanted to continue to study.” Zhong Tai told us. “I really wanted to study economics at university, but I felt bad about ___76____ my parents. My father suffers from a severe illness. He needs someone to cook his meals and give him his medicineat the right time each day. My mother is a teacher, so she cannot help him during the day. We didn’t want to hire someone to look after him. It had nothing to do with money I just didn't feel right leaving my father with a ___77___. My mum suggested I go to a university nearby and continue to live at home, but none of the universities close to my home town offer economics. Then my friend suggested I find out more about e-learning. I soon learnt that I could get a good degree without going away from home. I applied to the University of London, and they___78____ me. I started an economics course with them lour weeks ago.”Yet, though Zhong Tai is now a graduate at the University of London, he has never been to Britain. In fact, he has never left Sichuan.We asked Zhong Tai whether he felt bad about missing some ___79___ enjoyed by students studying on the campus, such as making new friends from different places.“Not at all." he replied “I have made a lot of friends with people from my course online. ____80____, during the evenings and weekends. I go out with my friends from high school. Since most of them also use e-learning, we all still live close to one another.”75. A. modern B. famous C. traditional D. nearby76. A. hurting B. refusing C. disturbing D. leaving77. A. neighbor B. relative C.stranger D. doctor78. A. accepted B. taught C. praised D. visited79. A. lectures B. books C. places D. experiences80. A. Instead B. Besides C. However D. FinallyVI. Reading Comprehension(阅读理解) (共50分)B. Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) (12分)Ibby Piracha is one of many regular customers at his local cafe in small town in Virginia, US. _____75_____, Ibby isn’t like the other regulars --- he’s deaf.Krystal Payne, a new waitress, wanted to do something to make Ibby feel more _____76_____. So she spoke with other employees about Ibby, learning that they always did what they could to give him excellent service.But Payne wanted to take it a step further. She went home and spent her night learningAmerican Sign Language so she could better _____77____ with Ibby. The next day, she wrote him a small note saying: “I’ve been learning ASL, just so yo u can have the same service as everyone else.”Ibby, who was overcome with emotion over this small act of kindness, has kept the note at home ever since.Ibby was so moved by Payne’s behavior that he posted it on Facebook to share with his friends. His post was then reposted by many other people--a result that he did not ____78____. But he is happy that Payne is getting the recognition she deserves.The next morning, Payne heard about the post when her manager praised her and mentioned that there were many requests from reporters to interview her. The company’s spokeswoman heard about her kind gesture and said the company was ____79____ Payne’s actions.“My job is to make sure people have the wonderful service they expect and that’s what I gave him,” said Payne.Ibby sees Payne’s act of kindness as an inspiration. “It shows that she respects deaf people,” he said.Payne now knows enough ASL to take Ibby’s order, which makes Ibby’s life much easier. In the past, Ibby would have to order through text messages that he would show to the staff.Ibby still loves to visit the coffee shop, saying it is something that “gave me real ____80____ --even now, I’m still smiling”.75. A. Besides B. However C. Instead D. Also76. A. welcome B. traditional C. different D. confident77. A. live B. compete C. play D. communicate78. A. want B. expect C. find D. notice79. A. interested in B. careful with C. proud of D. responsible for80. A. surprise B. pride C. change D. happinessVI. Reading Comprehension(阅读理解) (共50分)B. Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) (12分)I became a gardener when I was twelve. My early desire of gardening was not because of mylove for nature. It was to make my parents rather angry.At that time, we had a big yard in which a beautiful maple tree stood. But my mother often looked at this work of natural art ____75____. Those golden leaves seemed like tons of rubbish to her, “Something else to clean up!” Seeing the neighbors busy with gardening, my father even thought it a waste of time.At that age, I always did something ____76____ to whatever my parents did! If gardening was something they found boring, I would plant a garden!I planted some lily seeds in the yard. But they ____77____ to come up. I continued to plant sunflower seeds and roses. To my joy, I found the first rose bloom. One by one, the flowers bloomed their heads off. Finally, I was touched by this land of wonder.____78____, my parents showed no interest in my garden. My father even shouted at me because he found it was troublesome to move around my garden to the driveway. To my mother’s displeasure, I put in her vase my real roses which, in her eyes, were simply weeds rather than flowers.Although they disliked the garden, I kept on planting my garden and continued to enjoy the pleasure of gardening. Plants make such good ____79____: they breathe, they bloom, they respond to care and love.It has been many years since I made my garden out of my desire to challenge my parent. Today I become known as Mrs. Green Thumbs, teaching gardening and hosting a gardening show, which makes my parents feel very ____80____. And now I could say it is my love for nature that makes me a real gardener.75. A. excitedly B. politely C. correctly D. unhappily76. A. opposite B. similar C. equal D. super77. A. began B. failed C. remembered D. pretended78. A. Besides B. Therefore C. However D. Instead79. A. friends B. teachers C. soldiers D. workers80. A. disappointed B. comfortable C. strange D. proudVI. Reading Comprehension(阅读理解) (共50分)B. Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) (12分)Take a trip to spaceYou might think that only astronauts can visit the moon, but this could ____75____ in the near future. US company Space X plans to send tourists to the moon.The first passenger to take a trip around the moon will be Japanese billionaire(亿万富翁) Yusaku. He plans to take off in 2023. He will not be ____76____. He has booked a few seats and hopes to invite artists on the trip. “These artists will draw something they saw after they return to Earth, and these great ____77_____ will inspire(激励) the dreamer within all of us,” Yusaku said.Yusaku will take Space X’s Big Falcon Rocket(BFR) to the moon. The spaceship will not land on the moon, but will circle around it. Passengers will be able to see the far side of the moon. _____78____ gravitational forces(引力), we can only see one side of the moon. We cannot see the far side of the moon from Earth. The trip will take four to five days.The BFR is now under development, it may be used to send humans to Mars and other planets in the future. When it is finished, it will be nearly 387 feet(118meters) tall, That’s about the size of a 40-story building! The spaceship will be ____79____ by 3 engines. This power will allow it to carry payloads(有效负荷) weighing up to 100 tons.The BFR is big ____80____. It can carry at least 100 and perhaps as many as 200 people. There will also be a movie theatre, lecture hall and a restaurant in the ship.75. A) succeed B) create C) happen D) change76. A) dangerous B) alone C) free D) active77. A) records B) clues C) pictures D) opinions78. A) Except for B) Because of C) Including D) Instead of79. A) required B) recognized C) operated D) carried80. A) inside B) around C) behind D) aheadVI. Reading Comprehension(阅读理解) (共50分)B. Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) (12分)What makes an advertisement effective? You can easily answer this question if you walkaround a city. A good ad is one that gets your attention and makes you focus on the important _____75____, too.To learn how to create an effective ad, like a poster for example, start by ____76____ the two posters on the right. Answer this without stopping to think: Which one is more effective? Yes, it’s the one at the bottom. Let’s examine why.First of all, it’s more colourful and it’s got attractive pictures. The white and black poster almost becomes invisible next to it. Colour draws attention. Moreover, it can _____77_____ your feelings and make you react in a certain way. Images do the same. Do the cupcakes on the poster at the bottom make your mouth water? Do they make you quickly go through the text to find out where you can get them? That’s what they’re there for!An ad isn’t just colour and pictures. You’ve got something to say, so the next thing you should do is to decide how much text you should write. Remember that people are impatient and will ____78____ read a long text to see what it’s about. The amount of text should be just right to get your message across, so focus on your message and say it with as few words as possible. Your choice of font(the style of letters), font size (how big or small the letters are) and font colour also play an important role. You want the text to be ____79____ to read, especially from a distance. _____80_____, you have to decide how you’re going to organize both the pictures and the text in the space you’ve got. A good layout helps people ‘read’ the ad quickly and communicates your message more effectively. If your poster is too busy, your message will simply get lost!75. A. task B. information C. goal D. proof76. A. discovering B. memorizing C. comparing D. recognizing77. A. express B. hide C. link D. affect78. A. probably B. mainly C. rarely D. definitely79. A. easy B. enjoyable C. basic D. serious80. A. However B. Finally C. In conclusion D. As a resultVI. Reading Comprehension(阅读理解) (共50分)B. Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) (12分)75. A. society B. area C. population D. environment76. A. useful B. common C. interesting D. beautiful77. A. especially B. probably C. briefly D. mainly78. A. practiced B. spoke C. delivered D. spread79. A. learned B. created C. caught D. borrowed80. A. new B. rich C. easy D. simpleVI. Reading Comprehension(阅读理解) (共50分)B. Choose the best answer and complete the passage (选择最恰当的选项完成短文) (12分)Stan Lee, who helped create Spiderman, the X-Men, Iron Man, the Incredible Hulk(绿巨人), Black Panther(黑豹), and many other comic book heroes, has died. He was 95.Stanley Martin Lieber was born in 1922. When he was just 17, he got a job at a company that made comic books. As a writer, he started using the name “Stan Lee” (which sounded like his first name, Stanley). He wrote his first Captain America story in 1941. It turned out to be popular. Before he turned 19, he was _____75_____ all writing for the company, which became Marvel Comics(漫威漫画公司) in the 1960s.At the time, most superheroes were shown as being almost perfect. They were strong and smart and always knew the right thing to do. However, after working with some artists, Mr. Lee came up with some new ideas. He made it okay for comic book heroes to have ____76____. The Fantastic Four(神奇四侠) argued among themselves. The Incredible Hulk was a really nice guy until he got angry. Spider-Man was never sure he was doing the right thing, but he always seemed to have something funny to say to the bad guys.Besides, he also had the clever idea of having this comic book heroes _____77____ in each other’s stories. For example, Spider-Man might show up in an Iron Man story. This made readers feel like there was a ____78____ world of Marvel superheroes. Readers loved it. Many people say that Mr. Lee’s characters and stories helped make comic books popular again.In 1980, Mr. Lee moved to California. He wanted to try and get his superheroes into TV and into the movies. He didn’t have too much luck at first, ____79____ the Incredible Hulk and X-Men became popular TV shows. But after the success of the X-Men and Spider-Man movies in the early 2000s, movies with Marvel heroes began to come out often. Marvel movies have now earned over $24 billion. Mr. Lee has _____80_____ a small role in most of these movies, usually showing up on screen for just a few seconds.Mr. Lee is no longer with us, but the heroes he created live on.75. A. in favour of B. proud of C. in charge of D. familiar with76. A. trouble B. weaknesses C. strength D. purposes77. A. work B. travel C. appear D. turn78. A. various B. similar C. necessary D. whole。
2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--选词填空--学生版(纯净word已校对终结版)
Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Overcoming Obstacles: How Your Biggest Failure Can Lead to Your Success There’s been a lot written on the theme of failure and how essential it is to success. In a world where ___31___ is given for people’s accomplishments, failing feels dangerous. The fear of failure can stop people taking risks that might lead to success.Heidi Grant Halvorson, a psychologist, points out much of success is ___32___ not on talent but on learning from your mistakes.About half of the people in the world hold that ability in an area --- be it creative or social skill --- is natural. The other half believes, instead, that someone might have a preference or something --- say painting or speaking foreign languages --- but this ability can be improved through ___33___ practice or training.It’s almost impossible to think rationally (理性地) while shouting at yourself, “I’m a failure”. But when you ___34___ your thinking, you will probably see what you can control --- your behavior, your planning, your reactions --- and change them.The primary ___35___ between successful people and unsuccessful people is that the successful people fail more. If you see failure as a monster approaching you, take another look.Success is as scary as failure. Researchers report that satisfaction grows on challenges. Think about it --- a computer game you can always win is boring; one you can win ___36___, and with considerable effort, is fun. In pursuit of success, failure exposes areas that you need to ___37___. So the failure serves as a brick wall to test how you apply yourself to ___38___ your objectives and how much you want them.There is a way to distinguish whether a failure ___39___ you to double down or walk away, says Halvorson. If, when things get rough, you remain fascinated by your goal, you should keep going. If what you’re doing is costing you too much time and energy or it’s not bringing you joy,you should give a second thought to the ___40___ of your goal and even set a new one.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The NileThe ancient Greek writer Herodotus once described Egypt-with some envy-as‘the gift of the Nile’. The Egyptians depend on the river for food, for water and for life. The Ancient Egyptians were able to control and use the Nile, creating the earliest irrigation systems and developing a prosperous ___31___.Snaking through the deserts, the Nile would flood almost ___32___ each year in June. Once the water subsided, a rich deposit of sand was left behind, making an excellent topsoil. Seeds were sown, yielding wheat, barley, beans, lentils and leeks. Drought could spell disaster for the Egyptians, so during the dry seasons, they dug basins and channels to deliver water to their land. They also devised simple channels to transfer water at the peak of the flood.An early system of ___33___ a Nilometer, was used to determine the size of the floods. Later, during the New Kingdom, a lifting system called a shaduf was used to raise water from the river--___34___ to the way in which a well is used today.The Egyptians took up some of the earliest trading missions. Without a(n) ___35___ system they exchanged goods, bringing back timber, precious stones, pottery, spices and animals. Their efforts in medicine were also ___36___ advanced: surgeons performed operations to remove cysts(囊肿). Mummification gave them great understanding of the human body-yet they also relied heavily on various medicines to prevent disease, and discoveries were often confused with superstition(迷信). And while a great deal of time was dedicated to ___37___ the Egyptians thought the stars were gods.By the 16th century Egypt was under the Ottoman Empire until Britain seized control in 1882. What is now mostly Arabic Egypt only won ___38___ from Britain after World War II. The SuezCanal, opened in 1869, __________the country as a center for world transportation. But it, and the completion of the Aswan High Dam in 1971 ___40___ the ecology of the Nile, which now struggles to satisfy the country’s rapidly growing population, currently more than 76 million-the largest in the Arab world.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Workforce of the FutureThe workplace is changing rapidly. Rather than the standard working day of nine to five, employees are working more flexibly to meet their busy home lives. Advances in technology are ___31___ the very nature of the tasks and skills required in the workplace.To gain a full perspective of how the workplace is set to change over the next decade, employee benefits provider Unum UK ___32___ with The Future Laboratory to survey 3,000 workers across several industries. They also interviewed industry experts and business leaders on topics from artificial intelligence and robotics to the increase of flexible working and an ageing workforce.The resulting outlines some of the employment changes that businesses can expect to see over the next decade and predicts the ___33___ of two worker cultures which will dominate the workforce. They are the obligated and the self-fulfilled worker.“O bligated workers” refer to people with dependents and the sandwich generation, ___34___ raising children with caring for elderly parents. Therefore, they value a career ___35___ to life stages and events and financial security. Joel Defries, 33, father of one kid and partner at London Vodka said, “A flexible employer will allow me to have a long paternity leave(陪产假) and to value my family j ust as much as I value my job.”Self-fulfilled workers are committed to life-long learning and acquiring new skills rather than ___36___ to an employer. They actively look for personal development and want employee benefits that help them ___37___ both their personal and professional ambitions. They treat personal commitments and pursuits as ___38___ to professional commitments. Elly Kemp, 31, ___39___ a full-time employee, now working part-time in a cafe and also assisting with her grandmother’s care said, “My approach to work allows me the freedom to ___40___ my career at my own pace. I want my work to be fluid so I can change it when I want and to whatever makes me happy at the time.”Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Aurora(极光):wonders or disturbancesCanada,February 2017: I stood in the snow on a frozen lake, watching as the sky twisted in front of me. Green bands of light ____31____ out in the darkness. Slowly the colors twisted and broke and reappeared elsewhere until, suddenly, a whole band flowed and pulsed across the sky, ____32____ with delicate yellow. pinks and purples. It was as dramatic as thunderstorm, yet calm.Gentle,yet ____33____, Most of all,it was a gift.This was my fifth aurora trip and the first time I had seen fast movements and bright colors.The calm green auroral displays that many people see are driven by a(n)_____34_____ stream of particles(微粒) from called the solar wind. But when the sun throws us extra hot fast particles, this process goes overdrive-we get much more movement and colour, It is glorious! Aurora-spotters long for it.But for some, the wild movements of the heavens can have serious ____35____ Satellites’electronics are affected or damaged by incoming fast particles, ____36____ industries that rely on them. Flights may need to change course to avoid radio ____37____ around the poles, or to protectaircrew from enhanced radiation exposure. During a solar storm, aircrew may receive their annual radiation limit over a single flight.Stormy space weather affects us on the ground, too. A larger storm in 1989 caused a 10-hour electrical blackout over Canada's Quebec Province, costing the economy a(n) ____38____ C$10 billion. Disturbance of the atmosphere causes problems with radio broadcast and GPS. In September 2017,a huge solar fame ______39_____ just as Hurricane Fran hit the Caribbean. The resultant HF radio blackout held up the emergency response, Meanwhile, beautiful aurora displays were seen in England. Place its beauty aside, then, and the auroral ___40___is nothing other than a giant planetary disturbance, more of a worry than a wonder for some people. Yet seldom do such disturbances have such fascinating side effects as that of the aurora dancing across our Arctic skies.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The human body can tolerate only a small range of temperature, especially when the person is engaged in vigorous activity. Heat (31) _______ usually occur when large amounts of water and/or salt are lost through oversweating following exhausting exercise. When the body becomes overheated and cannot (32) _______ this overheatedness, heat exhaustion and heat stroke are possible.Heat exhaustion is generally (33) _______ by sweaty skin, tiredness, sickness, dizziness, plentiful sweating, and sometimes fainting, resulting from a(n) (34) _______ intake of water and the loss of fluids. First aid treatment for this condition includes having the victim lie down, (35) _______ the feet 8 to 12 inches, applying cool, wet cloths to the skin, and giving the victim sips of salt water (1 teaspoon per glass, half a glass every 15 minutes) over a 1-hour period.Heat stroke is much more serious; it is a(n) (36) _______ life-threatening situation. The characteristics of heat stroke are a high body temperature (which may reach 106° F or more); arapid pulse; hot, dry skin; and a blocked sweating (37) _______. Victims of this condition may be unconscious, and first-aid measures should be (38) _______ at quickly cooling the body. The victim should be placed in a tub of cold water or (39) _______ sponged with cool water until his or her temperature is sufficiently lowered. Fans or air conditioners will also help with the cooling (40) _______. Care should be taken, however, not to over-chill the victim once the temperature is below 102° F.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.They’re till kids, and although there’s a lot that the experts don’t yet know about them, one thing they do agree on is that what the kids use and expect from their world has changed rapidly. And it’s all because of technology.To the psychologists, sociologists, and media experts who study them, their digital devices set this new group ___31___ , even from their Millennial(千禧年的) elders, who are quite familiar with technology. They want to be constantly connected and available in a way even their older brothers and sisters don’t quite get. These differences may appear slight, but they ___32___ the appearance of a new generation.The ___33___ between Millennial elders and this younger group was so evident to psychologist Larry Rosen that he has ___34___the birth of a new generation in a new book, Rewired: Understanding the ingeneration and the Way They Learn, out next month. Rosen says the technically ___35___ life experience of those born since the early 1990s is so different from the Millennial elders he wrote about in his 2007 book, Me, MySpace and I: Parenting the Net Generation, that they distinguish themselves as a new generation, which he has given them the nickname of “ingeneration”.Rosen says portability is key. They are ___36___ from their wireless devices, which allowthem to text as well as talk, so they can be constantly connected-even in class, where cell phones are ___37___ banned.Many researchers are trying to determine whether technology somehow causes the brains of young people to be wired differently. “They should be distracted and should perform more poorly than they do,” Rosen says. “But findings show teens ___38___ distractions much better than we would predict by their age and their brain development.”Because these kids are more devoted to technology at younger ages, Rosen says, the educational system has to change ___39___."The growth on the use of technology with children is rapid, and we run the risk of being out of step with this generation as far as how they learn and how they think, we have to give them options because they want their world ___40___.” Rosen says.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Welcome to Windsor CastleWindsor Castle is the oldest and largest occupied castle in the world and the Official Residence of the Queen of Britain. Over a period of nearly 1,000 years it has been ___31___ continuously, and altered and redecorated by monarchs(君主)one after the other. Some were great builders, strengthening the Castle against ___32___ and rebellion; others, living in more peaceful times, created a grand Royal residence. William the Conqueror chose the site, high above the river Thames and on the edge of a Saxon hunting ground. It was a day’s march from the Tower of London and intended to guard the western ___33___ to the capital. The outer walls of today’s structure are in the same position as those of the ___34___ castle built by William the Conqueror in the 1070s.The Queen uses the Castle both as a private home, where she usually spends theweekend, and as a Royal residence at which she undertakes certain formal duties. Windsor Castle is ___35___ used by the Queen to host State Visits from overseas monarchs and presidents. Every year the Queen takes up official residence in Windsor Castle for a month over Easter (March-April).The Castle is huge, so people tend to head for the most ___36___ bits---the State Apartments, St. George’s Chapel, the Gallery and the delightful Queen Mary’s Dolls House. Works of art, antique furniture, curiosities and impressive architecture reflect the tastes of many different royal generations. The State Apartments are ___37___ decorated formal rooms still used for state and official functions.The magnificent and beautiful St. George’s Chapel was started in 1475 by Edward IV and was completed 50 years later by Henry VIII. It ___38___ among the finest examples of late medieval architecture in the UK.The Drawings Gallery ___39___ the exhibition “The Queen: 60 Photographs for 60 Years”. The exhibition presents portraits of the Queen ___40___ in brief moments on both official occasions and at relaxed family gatherings.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Artificial skin is a substitute for human skin produced in the laboratory, typically used to treat burns. Different types of artificial skin differ in their complexity, but all are designed to ___31___ at least some of the skin's basic functions, which include protecting against wetness and infection and regulating body heat.Skin is primarily made of two layers: the uppermost layer, the epidermis, which serves as a protection against the environment; and the dermis, the layer below the epidermis. The dermis also contains substances, which help to make the skin ___32___ and maintain its biological functions.Artificial skins close wounds, which prevents bacterial infection and water loss and in result the wounded skin can ___33___. For example, one commonly used artificial skin, Integra. functions as a support between cells that helps regulate cell behavior and causes a new dermis to form by promoting cell growth and collagen(股原质) ___34___. The Integra “dermis” is also biodegradable(可生物降解的). It is gradually absorbed and replaced by the new dermis.Aside from its uses in the clinical35, artificial skin may also be used to model human skin for research. For example, artificial skin is used as an alternative in animal testing. Such testing may cause ___36___ pain and discomfort to the animals and it does not ___37___ predict the response of human skin. Some companies like L’óreal have already used ar tificial skin to test many ___38___ ingredients and products. Other research applications include how skin is affected by UV exposure and how certain substances in sunscreen and medicines are transported through skin.Today new technology has been developed by growing ___39 ___ of skin taken from the patient or other humans. One major source is the foreskins of newborns. Such cells often do not stimulate the body’s immune system-a mechanism that allows babies to develop within their mother’s body-and hence are much less likely to be ___40___ by the patient's body.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Scientists at Cornell University in New York studied the eating habits of 139 people enjoying an Italian buffet (自助餐) in a restaurant. The price of the food was set by the ___33___ at either $4 or $8 for the all-you-can-eat meal. Customers were askedto ___34___ how good the food tasted, the quality of the restaurant and to leave their names.The experiment ___35___ that the people who paid $8 for the food enjoyed their meal 11 percent more than those who ate the “cheaper” buffet. Interestingly those that paid for the $4 buffet said they felt guiltier about loading up their plates and felt that they ___36___ . However, the scientists said that both groups ate around the same quantity of food in total, according to the study ___37___ at the Experimental Biology meeting this week.Brian Wansink, a professor of ___38___ behaviour at the university, said: “We were fascinated to find that pricing has little impact on how much one eats, but a huge impact on how you ___39___ the experience.” He thinks that people enjoyed their food more as they associated cost with quality and that small changes to a restaurant can change how tasty people find their meals.Ina(n) ___40___ study, scientists from the university showed that people who eat in dim lighting consume 175 less calories (卡路里) than people who eat in brightly lit areas.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The Father of JD PrintingAbout twenty years ago, the surgeons at the Wilford Hull medical center working to separate a pair of conjoined(连体的) twins thought that only one would be able to walk after the operation. After a model of the girls’ bone structure was ____31____ using 3D printing, however, they found a shared upper leg bone to be bigger than expected and split it successfully, ____32_____ in both twins being able to walk. Now eighty and still working as chief technology officer of 3D Systems.Chuck Hull is enjoying some minor ____33____ 31 years after he first printed a small black eye-wash cup using a new method of manufacturing known as 3D printing.At the time, he was working for a company that used UV light to put thin layers of plastic coats on tabletops and ____34____. He had an idea that if he could place thousands of thin layers of plastic on top of each other and then cut their shape using light, he would be able to form three dimensional objects. After a year, he ____35____ a system where light was shone into a bottle of photopolymer – a material which changes from liquid to plastic-like solid when light shines on it –and traces the shape of one level of the object. Subsequent layers are then printed until it is ____36_____.After patenting the invention, he set up 3D Systems, ____37____ getting $6m (£3.5m) from a Canadian investor. The first ____38____ product came out in 1988 and proved a hit among car manufacturers, in the aerospace sector and for companies designing medical equipment. The possibilities appear endless – from home-printed food and medicine to ____39____ that pictures of objects be able to be taken in shops and then recreated using plans downloaded from the Internet Although deliberate in his responses, there is one moment when the ____40____ spoken Chuck Hull tells of his surprise about what exactly his creation was capable of achieving.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Want to figure out if someone is a psychopath (精神变态者)? Ask them what their favourite song is. A New York University study last year found that people who loved Eminem’s Lose Yourself and Justin Bieber’s What Do You Mean? were more likely to ___31___ highly on the psychopathy scale than people who were into Dire Straits.Over the past few years, Spotify has been enhancing its data analytic ___32___ in an attempt to help marketers ___33___ consumers with adverts tailored to the mood they’re in. They inferthis from the sort of music you’re listening to, ___34___with where and when you’re listening to it, along with third-party data that might be available.Now, to be clear, there’s nothing particularly ___35___ about what Spotify is doing with your data. I certainly don’t think that they are working with shadowy consulting firms to serve you ads promoting a culture war while you’re listening to the songs that ___36___ you might be in a casually racist mood. Nevertheless, I find it ___37___ that our personal private moments with music are increasingly being turned into data points and sold to advertisers.You can see where this could go, can’t you? As ad targeting gets ever more complicated, marketers will have the ability to target our emotions in ___38___ exploitative ways. According to one study, titled Misery Is Not Miserly, you are more likely to spend more on a ___39___ if you’re feeling sad. You can imagine some companies might take advantage of that. A nd on that note, I’m feeling a little down about all this. I’ll ___40___ off to treat myself to something expensive.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The ability of the herd mentality(从众心理) to increase people’s chances of liking or believing something may help explain a wide variety of phenomena. Aral (A managerial economist at the Massachusetts institute of technology) says, from housing ____31____ to gold prices and from political polls to restaurant reviews, the ____32____ that other people like something has a powerful ability to make people like it themselves.The new study ____33____ how simple it would be for companies to control reviews of their products by simply adding a few positive ____34____ of their own early reviews in the process, Aral adds.It found that effects were strongest when stories were about politics, business and culturesthan for fun or lifestyle pieces. In situations where there are more ____35____ news reviews, you have to be a little more cautious about interpreting likes and dislikes.“Think twice before you trust, how many likes something has,” he adds. “That’s something you have to ____36____ with a grain of salt (持怀疑态度).” And it’s a situation many online users ____37____ on a daily basis.Aral recently went on Yelp website to review a restaurant with a plan to give it three out of five stars, but when he got to the ____38____, he was shown how other people describe the same place and those reviews include someone with five stars. Seeing those positive reviews made him think twice about his own ____39____ average opinion.“A woman ____40____ how great it is, how great her great prices are and how the lemon sauce is so great,” he says. “Maybe it’s not such a good idea to say some rating right before you make your own.”Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Dealing with Difficult RelationshipsEveryone has at least one awkward or ____31____ relationship. It may be with somebody who will ____32____ your energy whenever you are with them. Or worse, it could be someone who always cuts you down. This person may be a family member or even a friend. No matter who it is, it’s necessary that you learn to set boundaries for yourself. Otherwise this kind of relationship can chip away at your self-esteem.Setting boundaries for difficult relationships starts by ____33____ how you are affected by the relationship. Do they b ring you closer to your goals or pull you farther away? For example, it’s time to study for tomorrow’s test. But your friend wants to take you to a party. Here, setting boundaries will help protect your ____34____ goals.Next, decide how much time you shou ld spend with these people. It’s easy to overcommit yourself. But it’s difficult to help others if you forget to protect your own ____35____.How do you know if a relationship is unhealthy, and it’s time to set boundaries? Here are a few practical questions to ask yourself.1. How does this relationship affect me?Every ____36____ can affect you positively or negatively. For example, someone whopressures you to something you’re not comfortable doing will ____37____ you out. But a friend who considers how you feel will respect your ____38____ to try something new.2. Why am I in this relationship in the first place?People may try to keep you in an unhealthy relationship. By ____39____ you it’s your obligation or duty, you forget about your own needs. Sadly, by remaining ____40____ to these people, you forget who you are. You allow them to take advantage of you or even belittle you.Settling boundaries requires taking a long, honest look at yourself. By saying “no” to harmful patterns in relationships, you say “yes” to a healthier you.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Is climate change consuming your favorite foods?Coffee: Whether or not you try to limit yourself to one cup of coffee a day, the effects of climate change on the world’s coffee-growing regions may leave you little choice. Coffee plantations in South America, Africa, Asia and Hawaii are all being threatened by rising air temperatures and unstable rainfall patterns, which invite disease and ____32____ species to live on the coffee plant and ripening beans. The result? Significant cuts in coffee yield and less coffee in your cup. It is estimated that, if current climate patterns continue, half of the areas ____33____ suitable for coffee production won't be by the year 2050.Tea: When it comes to tea, warmer climates and erratic precipitation aren’t only ____34____ the world’s tea-growing regions, they’re also messing with its distinct flavor. For example, in India, researchers have already discovered that the Indian Monsoon has brought more intense rainfall, making tea flavor weaker. Recent research coming out of the University of Southampton suggests that tea-producing areas in some places, ____35____ East Africa, could decline by as much as 55 percent by 2050 as precipitation and temperatures change. Tea pickers are also feeling the ____36____ of climate change. During harvest season, increased air temperatures are creating an increased risk of heatstroke for field workers.Seafood: Climate change is affecting the world's aquaculture as much as its agriculture. As air temperatures rise, oceans and waterways absorb some of the heat and ____37____ warming of their own. The result is a decline in fish population, including in lobsters (who are cold-blooded creatures), and salmon (whose eggs find it hard to survive in higher water temps). Warmer waters also _____38_____ toxic marine bacteria, like Vibrio, to grow and cause illness in humans whenever ingested with raw seafood, like oysters or sashimi.And that ____39_____ “crack” you get when eating crab and lobster? It could be silenced as shellfish struggle to build their calcium(碳) carbonate shells, a result of ocean acidification (absorb carbon dioxide from the air). According to a study, scientists predicted that if over-fishing and rising temperature trends continued at their present rate, the world's seafood ____40___ would run out by the year 2050.Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Getting help with parenting makes a difference -- at any age New Oxford University study finds that parenting interventions(育儿干预) for helping children with behavior problems are just as effective in school age, as in younger children.。
2019上海初三数学一模综合题24题
2019上海初三数学一模二次函数综合题24题24.(普陀) 如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,抛物线23y ax bx =+-(0a ≠)与x 轴交于点(1,0)A -和点B ,且3OB OA =,与y 轴交于点C ,此抛物线顶点为点D .(1)求抛物线的表达式及点D 的坐标;(2)如果点E 是y 轴上一点(点E 与点C 不重合),当BE DE ⊥时,求点E 的坐标;(3)如果点F 是抛物线上的一点,且135FBD ∠=︒,求点F 的坐标.24. (奉贤)如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,直线AB 与抛物线2y ax bx =+交于点(6,0)A 和点(1,5)B -. (1)求这条抛物线的表达式和直线AB 的表达式;(2)如果点C 在直线AB 上,且BOC ∠的正切值是32,求点C 的坐标.24. (金山)已知抛物线2y x bx c =++经过点(0,6)A ,点(1,3)B ,直线1:l y kx =(0)k ≠,直线2:2l y x =--,直线1l 经过抛物线2y x bx c =++的顶点P ,且1l 与2l 相交于点C ,直线2l 与x 轴、y 轴分别交于点D 、E ,若把抛物线上下平移,使抛物线的顶点在直线2l 上(此时抛物线的顶点记为M ),再把抛物线左右平移,使抛物线的顶点在直线1l 上(此时抛物线的顶点记为N ).(1)求抛物线2y x bx c =++的解析式;(2)判断以点N 为圆心,半径长为4的圆与直线2l 的位置关系,并说明理由;(3)设点F 、H 在直线1l 上(点H 在点F 的下方),当△MHF 与△OAB 相似时,求点F 、H 的坐标. (直接写出结果)24. (宝山)如图,已知,二次函数2y x bx =+的图像交x 轴正半轴于点A ,顶点为P ,一次函数132y x =-的图像交x 轴于点B ,交y 轴于点C ,OCA ∠的正切值为23. (1)求二次函数的解析式与顶点P 坐标; (2)将二次函数图像向下平移m 个单位,设平移后抛物线顶点为P ',若ABP BCP SS ''=,求m 的值.24. (闵行)已知,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,抛物线2y ax bx =+经过点(5,0)A 、(3,4)B -,抛物线的对称轴与x 轴相交于点D .(1)求抛物线的表达式;(2)联结OB 、BD ,求BDO ∠的余切值;(3)如果点P 在线段BO 的延长线上,且PAO BAO ∠=∠,求点P 的坐标.24. (青浦)在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,将抛物线2y x =-平移后经过点(1,0)A -、(4,0)B ,且平移后的抛物线与y 轴交于点C (如图).(1)求平移后的抛物线的表达式;(2)如果点D 在线段CB 上,且CD =CAD ∠的正弦值;(3)点E 在y 轴上且位于点C 的上方,点P 在直线BC 上,点Q 在平移后的抛物线上,如果四边形ECPQ 是菱形,求点Q 的坐标.24. (浦东)已知,如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,直线12y x b =-+与x 轴相交于点A ,与y 轴相交于点B ,抛物线244y ax ax =-+经过点A 和点B ,并与x 轴相交于另一点C ,对称轴与x 轴相交于点D .(1)求抛物线的表达式;(2)求证:△BOD ∽△AOB ;(3)如果点P 在线段AB 上,且BCP DBO ∠=∠,求点P 的坐标.24. (静安)在平面直角坐标系xOy 中(如图),已知抛物线2y ax bx c =++(0a ≠)的图像经过点(4,0)B 、(5,3)D ,设它与x 轴的另一个交点为A (点A 在点B 的左侧),且△ABD 的面积是3.(1)求该抛物线的表达式;(2)求ADB ∠的正切值;(3)若抛物线与y 轴交于点C ,直线CD 交x 轴于点E ,点P 在射线AD 上,当△APE 与△ABD 相似时,求点P 的坐标.24. (杨浦)在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,抛物线2y ax bx c =++(0a ≠)与y 轴交于点(0,2)C , 它的顶点为(1,)D m ,且1tan 3COD ∠=. (1)求m 的值及抛物线的表达式;(2)将此抛物线向上平移后与x 轴正半轴交于点A ,与y 轴交于点B ,且OA OB =,若点 A 是由原抛物线上的点E 平移所得,求点E 的坐标;(3)在(2)的条件下,点P 是抛物线对称轴上的一点(位于x 轴上方),且45APB ∠=︒, 求点P 的坐标.24. (徐汇)如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,顶点为M 的抛物线1C :2y ax bx =+(0a <)经过点A 和x 轴上的点B ,2AO OB ==,120AOB ∠=︒.(1)求该抛物线的表达式;(2)联结AM ,求AOM S ;(3)将抛物线1C 向上平移得到抛物线2C ,抛物线2C 与x 轴分别交于点E 、F ,(点E 在点F 的左侧),如果△MBF 与△AOM 相似,求所有符合条件的抛物线2C 的表达式.24. (虹口)如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,抛物线2y x bx c =-++与x 轴相交于原点O 和点(4,0)B ,点(3,)A m 在抛物线上.(1)求抛物线的表达式,并写出它的对称轴;(2)求tan OAB ∠的值;(3)点D 在抛物线的对称轴上,如果45BAD ∠=︒,求点D 的坐标.24.(松江) 如图,抛物线212y x bx c =-++经过点(2,0)A -,点(0,4)B .(1)求这条抛物线的表达式;(2)P 是抛物线对称轴上的点,联结AB 、PB ,如果PBO BAO ∠=∠,求点P 的坐标; (3)将抛物线沿y 轴向下平移m 个单位,所得新抛物线与y 轴交于点D ,过点D 作DE ∥x 轴交新抛物线于点E ,射线EO 交新抛物线于点F ,如果2EO OF =,求m 的值.24. (黄浦)在平面直角坐标系中,已知抛物线2y ax bx c =++(0)a >与x 轴交于(1,0)A -、B 两点(点A 在点B 的左侧),与y 轴交于点C ,抛物线的顶点为点D ,对称轴为直线1x =,交x 轴于点E ,1tan 2BDE ∠=. (1)求抛物线的表达式;(2)若点P 是对称轴上一点,且DCP BDE ∠=∠, 求点P 的坐标.24. (崇明)如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,二次函数26y ax bx =++(a 、b 都是常数,且0a <)的图像与x 轴交于点(2,0)A -、(6,0)B ,顶点为点C .(1)求这个二次函数的解析式及点C 的坐标;(2)过点B 的直线132y x =-+交抛物线的对称轴于点D ,联结BC ,求CBD ∠的余切值;(3)点P 为抛物线上一个动点,当PBA CBD ∠=∠时,求点P 的坐标.24. (嘉定)在平面直角坐标系xOy (如图)中,抛物线22y ax bx =++经过点(4,0)A 、(2,2)B ,与y 轴的交点为C .(1)试求这个抛物线的表达式;(2)如果这个抛物线的顶点为M ,求△AMC 的面积;(3)如果这个抛物线的对称轴与直线BC 交于点D ,点E 在线段AB 上,且45DOE ∠=︒,求点E 的坐标.24. (长宁)如图,在直角坐标平面内,抛物线经过原点O 、(1,3)B ,又与x 轴正半轴相交于点A ,45BAO ∠=︒,点P 是线段AB 上的一点,过点P 作PM ∥OB ,与抛物线交于点M ,且点M 在第一象限内.(1)求抛物线的表达式;(2)若BMP AOB ∠=∠,求点P 的坐标;(3)过点M 作MC x ⊥轴,分别交直线AB 、x 轴于点N 、C ,若△ANC 的面积等于△PMN 的面积的2倍,求MNNC 的值.。
上海初中数学一模-2019年-25题分题合集(含解析)
上海初中数学一模-2019年-25题分题合集1. (2019•徐汇区一模)已知在梯形ABCD 中,//AD BC ,10AC BC ==,4cos 5ACB ∠=,点E 在对角线AC 上(不与点A 、C 重合),EDC ACB ∠=∠,DE 的延长线与射线CB 交于点F ,设AD 的长为x .(1)如图1,当DF BC ⊥时,求AD 的长;(2)设EC y =,求y 关于x 的函数解析式,并直接写出定义域;(3)当DFC ∆是等腰三角形时,求AD 的长.2.(2019•闵行区一模)如图,在梯形ABCD中,//AD BC,AB CD=,5AD=,15BC=,5 cos13ABC∠=.E为射线CD上任意一点,过点A作//AF BE,与射线CD相交于点F.连接BF,与直线AD相交于点G.设CE x=,AGy DG=.(1)求AB的长;(A)(2)当点G在线段AD上时,求y关于x的函数解析式,并写出函数的定义域;(C)(3)如果23ABEFABCDSS=四边形四边形,求线段CE的长.(D)3.(2019•奉贤区一模)如图,已知梯形ABCD中,//AD=,DABAB CD,90∠=︒,4 ==,E是边BC上一点,过点D、E分别作BC、CD的平行线交于点F,26AB CD联结AF并延长,与射线DC交于点G.(1)当点G与点C重合时,求:CE BE的值;(B)(2)当点G在边CD上时,设CE m∆的面积;(用含m的代数式表示)=,求DFG(D)(3)当AFD ADG∠的余弦值.(C)∽时,求DAG∆∆4.(2019•松江区一模)如图,已知ABC∠=︒,D是边AB的中点,P是边∆中,90ACBAC上一动点,BP与CD相交于点E.(1)如果6AC=,且P为AC的中点,求线段BE的长;(B)BC=,8(2)联结PD,如果PD AB⊥,且2ED=,求cos A的值;(D)CE=,3(3)联结PD,如果22=,且22BP CDED=,求线段PD的长.(D)CE=,35.(2019•嘉定区一模)在矩形ABCD中,6AD=,点E是边AD上一点,AB=,8⊥交AB于点M,点N在射线MB上,且AE是AM和AN的比例中项.EM EC(1)如图1,求证:ANE DCE∠=∠;(B)(2)如图2,当点N在线段MB之间,联结AC,且AC与NE互相垂直,求MN的长;(C)(3)连接AC,如果AEC∆与以点E、M、N为顶点所组成的三角形相似,求DE 的长.(D)6.(2019•崇明区一模)如图,在ABCBC=,AD BC⊥,垂足为==,6AB AC∆中,5D,点P是边AB上的一个动点,过点P作//⊥交PF AC交线段BD于点F,作PG AB AD于点E,交线段CD于点G,设BP x=.(1)用含x的代数式表示线段DG的长;(B)(2)设DEF∆的面积为y,求y与x之间的函数关系式,并写出定义域;(C)(3)PEF∆能否为直角三角形?如果能,求出BP的长;如果不能,请说明理由.(C)7.(2019•黄浦区一模)在ABC∆中,90ACB∠=︒,3BC=,4AC=,点O是AB的中点,点D是边AC上一点,DE BD⊥,交BC的延长线于点E,OD DF⊥,交BC边于点F,过点E作EG AB⊥,垂足为点G,EG分别交BD、DF、DC于点M、N、H.(1)求证:DE NEDB OB=;(B)(2)设CD x=,NE y=,求y关于x的函数关系式及其定义域;(C)(3)当DEF∆是以DE为腰的等腰三角形时,求线段CD的长.(D)8. (2019•静安区一模)已知:如图,在ABC ∆中,6AB =,9AC =,tan 22ABC ∠=.过点B 作//BM AC ,动点P 在射线BM 上(点P 不与B 重合),联结PA 并延长到点Q ,使AQC ABP ∠=∠.(1)求ABC ∆的面积;(2)设BP x =,AQ y =,求y 关于x 的函数解析式,并写出x 的取值范围;(C )(3)连接PC ,如果PQC ∆是直角三角形,求BP 的长.(C )9.(2019•青浦区一模)如图,在梯形ABCD中,//DB DC==,AD BC,18BC=,15点E、F分别在线段BD、CD上,5DE DF==.AE的延长线交边BC于点G,AF 交BD于点N、其延长线交BC的延长线于点H.(1)求证:BG CH=;(C)(2)设AD x∆的面积为y,求y关于x的函数解析式,并写出它的定义域;=,ADN(C)(3)联结FG,当HFG∆相似时,求AD的长.(D)∆与ADN10. (2019•虹口区一模)如图,在四边形ABCD 中//AD BC ,90A ∠=︒,6AB =,10BC =,点E 为边AD 上一点,将ABE 沿BE 翻折,点A 落在对角线BD 上的点G 处,连接EG 并延长交射线BC 于点F .(1)如果2cos 3DBC ∠=,求EF 的长;(B ) (2)当点F 在边BC 上时,连接AG ,设AD x =,ABG BEFS y S ∆∆=,求y 关于x 的函数关系式并写出x 的取值范围;(C ) (3)连接CG ,如果FCG ∆是等腰三角形,求AD 的长.(D )11.(2019•宝山区一模)如图,已知:梯形ABCD中,90AB DC,DAB∠=︒,//∠=︒,45ABCAB=,点P在AB边上,以点A为圆心AP为半径作弧交边DC于点E,射3DC=,5线EP于射线CB交于点F.(1)若13AP=,求DE的长;(B)(2)联结CP,若CP EP=,求AP的长;(C)(3)线段CF上是否存在点G,使得ADE∆与FGE∆相似?若相似,求FG的值;若不相似,请说明理由.(C)12.(2019•金山区一模)已知多边形ABCDEF是O的内接正六边形,联结AC、FD,点H是射线AF上的一个动点,联结CH,直线CH交射线DF于点G,作MH CH⊥交r r>.CD的延长线于点M,设O的半径为(0)(1)求证:四边形ACDF是矩形.(B)(2)当CH经过点E时,M与O外切,求M的半径(用r的代数式表示).(B)(3)设(090)∠=<<︒,求点C、M、H、F构成的四边形的面积(用r及HCDαα含α的三角比的式子表示).(E)13.(2019•长宁区一模)已知锐角MBN∠的余弦值为35,点C在射线BN上,25BC=,点A在MBN∠的内部,且90BAC∠=︒,BCA MBN∠=∠.过点A的直线DE分别交射线BM、射线BN于点D、E.点F在线段BE上(点F不与点B重合),且EAF MBN∠=∠.(1)如图1,当AF BN⊥时,求EF的长;(B)(2)如图2,当点E在线段BC上时,设BF x=,BD y=,求y关于x的函数解析式并写出函数定义域;(D)(3)联结DF,当ADF∆与ACE∆相似时,请直接写出BD的长.(E)14.(2019•普陀区一模)如图,点O在线段AB上,22∠=︒,点C是BOPAO OB a==,60射线OP上的一个动点.(1)如图①,当90OC=,求a的值;(B)∠=︒,2ACB(2)如图②,当AC AB=时,求OC的长(用含a的代数式表示);(B)(3)在第(2)题的条件下,过点A作//AQ OQ的AQ BC,并使QOC B∠=∠,求:值.(C)15.(2019•杨浦区一模)已知:梯形ABCD中,//AD=,6AB=,⊥,3AD BC,AB BC⊥分别交射线AB、射线CB于点E、F.DF DC(1)当点E为边AB的中点时(如图1),求BC的长;(B)(2)当点E在边AB上时(如图2),联结CE,试问:DCE∠的大小是否确定?若确定,请求出DCE∠的正切值为y,请求出∠的正切值;若不确定,则设AE x=,DCEy关于x的函数解析式,并写出定义域;(B)(3)当AEF∆的面积为3时,求DCE∆的面积.(C)16.(2019•浦东新区一模)将大小两把含30︒角的直角三角尺按如图1位置摆放,即大小直角三角尺的直角顶点C重合,小三角尺的顶点D、E分别在大三角尺的直角边AC、∠=∠=︒,BC上,此时小三角尺的斜边DE恰好经过大三角尺的重心G.已知30A CDEAB=.12(1)求小三角尺的直角边CD的长;(2)将小三角尺绕点C逆时针旋转,当点D第一次落在大三角尺的边AB上时(如图2),求点B、E之间的距离;(3)在小三角尺绕点C旋转的过程中,当直线DE经过点A时,求BAE∠的正弦值.上海初中数学一模-2019年-25题分题合集参考答案与试题解析一.解答题1. 已知在梯形ABCD 中,//AD BC ,10AC BC ==,4cos 5ACB ∠=,点E 在对角线AC 上(不与点A 、C 重合),EDC ACB ∠=∠,DE 的延长线与射线CB 交于点F ,设AD 的长为x .(1)如图1,当DF BC ⊥时,求AD 的长;(2)设EC y =,求y 关于x 的函数解析式,并直接写出定义域;(3)当DFC ∆是等腰三角形时,求AD 的长.【分析】(1)证明ADC DCE ∆∆∽,利用22223616105AC CE CD DF FC a a ==+=+=,即可求解;(2)过点C 作CH AD ⊥交AD 的延长线于点H ,22222(sin )(cos )CD CH DH AC AC x αα=+=+-,即可求解;(3)分DF DC =、FC DC =、FC FD =三种情况,求解即可.【解答】解:(1)设:ACB EDC CAD α∠=∠=∠=∠,4cos 5α=, 3sin 5α∴=, 过点A 作AH BC ⊥交于点H ,sin 6AH AC DF α===,2BH =,如图1,设:4FC a =, 4cos5ACB ∴∠=,则3EF a =,5EC a =, EDC CAD α∠=∠=∠,ACD ACD ∠=∠,ADC DCE ∴∆∆∽,22223616105AC CE CD DF FC a a ∴==+=+=,解得:2a =或98(舍去2)a =, 710242AD HF a ==--=; (2)过点C 作CH AD ⊥交AD 的延长线于点H ,22222(sin )(cos )CD CH DH AC AC x αα=+=+-,即:2236(8)CD x =+-,由(1)得:2AC CE CD =,即:21810(010)105y x x x =-+<⋯①, (3)①当DF DC =时,ECF FDC α∠=∠=,DFC DFC ∠=∠,DFC CFE ∴∆∆∽,DF DC =,FC EC y ∴==,10x y ∴+=,即:2181010105x x x =-++, 解得:6x =;②当FC DC =,则DFC FDC α∠=∠=,则:EF EC y ==,10DE AE y ==-,在等腰ADE ∆中,11422cos cos 105AD x DAE AE y α∠====-,即:5880x y +=,将上式代入①式并解得:394x =; ③当FC FD =,则FCD FDC α∠=∠=,而ECF FCD α∠=≠∠,不成立,故:该情况不存在;故:AD 的长为6和394. 【点评】本题为四边形的综合题,涉及到解直角三角形、一元二次方程,三角形相似等诸多知识点,其中三角形相似是本题的突破点,难度较大.2.如图,在梯形ABCD中,//AD BC,AB CD=,5AD=,15BC=,5cos13ABC∠=.E 为射线CD上任意一点,过点A作//AF BE,与射线CD相交于点F.连接BF,与直线AD相交于点G.设CE x=,AGy DG=.(1)求AB的长;(2)当点G在线段AD上时,求y关于x的函数解析式,并写出函数的定义域;(3)如果23ABEFABCDSS=四边形四边形,求线段CE的长.【分析】(1)分别过点A、D作AM BC⊥、DN BC⊥,垂足为点M、N,根据三角函数解答即可;(2)根据相似三角形的判定和性质解答,进而利用函数解析式解答即可;(3)根据两种情况,利用勾股定理解答即可.【解答】思路:解直角三角形解:(1)分别过点A、D作AM BC⊥、DN BC⊥,垂足为点M、N.//AD BC ,AB CD =,5AD =,15BC =,11()(155)522BM BC AD ∴=-=⨯-=, 在Rt ABM ∆中,90AMB ∠=︒, ∴55cos 13BM ABM AB AB ∠===. 13AB ∴=.(2)思路一:合分比性质AG y DG=, ∴1AG DG y DG+=+.即得51DG y =+, 思路二:运动过程中始终有△AFD ∽△BECAFD BEC ∠=∠,ADF C ∠=∠.ADF BCE ∴∆∆∽. ∴51153FD AD EC BC ===, 又CE x =,13FD x =,13AB CD ==.即得1133FC x =+. 思路三:运动过程中始终有△FGD ∽△FBC ,或者说始终有A 字形//AD BC , ∴FD DG FC BC=. ∴5113115133x y x +=+. ∴3923x y x-=. ∴所求函数的解析式为3923xy x -= 临界点1:E 和C 重合临界点2:G 和A 重合,此时E 、F 交于一点,为射线BA 和射线CF 交点函数定义域为3902x <<. (3) 梯形ABCD 为定梯形,所以面积苛求,所以ABEF 面积可求在Rt ABM ∆中,利用勾股定理,得12AM =. ∴()()115151212022ABCD S AD BC AM =+⋅=+⨯=梯形. 23ABEFABCD S S =四边形四边形, 80ABEF S ∴=四边形.设ADF S S ∆=.由ADF BCE ∆∆∽,13FD EC =,得 9AEC S S ∆=. 由题意,本题有两种情况:方法一:△BEC 面积可求,因为BC 和∠C 知道,所以EC 可求方法二:△BEC 面积可求,因为BC 知道,则BC 边上高知道,利用比例线段EC 可求 过点E 作EH BC ⊥,垂足为点H .(ⅰ)如果点G 在边AD 上,则 840ABCD ABEF S S S -==四边形四边形.5S ∴=.945AEC S S ∆∴==. ∴11154522BEC S BC EH EH ∆=-=⨯-=. 6EH ∴=.由 DN BC ⊥,EH BC ⊥,易得 //EH DN .∴61122CE EH CD DN ===. 又 13CD AB ==, ∴132CE =,(ⅱ)如果点G 在边DA 的延长线上,则 9AEF ABCD ABEF S S S S ∆++=四边形四边形. 8200S ∴=.解得25S =.9225BEC S S ∆∴==. ∴111522522BEC S BC EH EH ∆=-=⨯-=.解得 30EH =. ∴305122CE EH CD DN ===. ∴652CE =, ∴136522CE =或. 【点评】此题考查四边形的综合题,关键是根据相似三角形的判定和性质以及梯形的性质进行解答即可.3. 如图,已知梯形ABCD 中,//AB CD ,90DAB ∠=︒,4AD =,26AB CD ==,E 是边BC 上一点,过点D 、E 分别作BC 、CD 的平行线交于点F ,联结AF 并延长,与射线DC 交于点G .(1)当点G 与点C 重合时,求:CE BE 的值;(2)当点G 在边CD 上时,设CE m =,求DFG ∆的面积;(用含m 的代数式表示)(3)当AFD ADG ∆∆∽时,求DAG ∠的余弦值.【分析】(1)由题意可得四边形DCEF 是平行四边形,可得CD EF =,通过证明CFE CAB ∆∆∽,可得12CE EF CB AB ==,可得BE CE =,则可求:CE BE 的值; (2)延长AG ,BC 交为于点M ,过点C 作CN AB ⊥于点N ,交EF 于点H ,由题意可得四边形ADCN 是矩形,可得4AD CN ==,3CD AN ==,3BN =,由平行线分线段成比例可求BE ,ME ,MC ,CH ,GC 的长,即可求GD 的长,由三角求形面积公式可DFG ∆的面积;(3)由AFD ADG ∆∆∽,可得90AFD ADG ∠=∠=︒,由余角的性质可得DAG B ∠=∠,即可求DAG ∠的余弦值.【解答】解:(1)如图,//DC EF ,//DF CE∴四边形DCEF 是平行四边形CD EF ∴=,26AB CD ==,2AB EF ∴=,//EF CD ,//AB CD ,//EF AB ∴,CFE CAB ∴∆∆∽ ∴12CE EF CB AB == 2BC CE ∴=,BE CE ∴=:1:1EC BE ∴=(2)方法一:中间面积法,思路点:梯形ABCD 是定梯形,DFEC 始终是平行四边形,△ADH 为定三角形方法二:直接表示法因为底和高都不知道,所以需要一个一个表示因为梯形ABCD 是定梯形,解梯形AD CD ⊥,CN CD ⊥//AD CN ∴,且//CD AB∴四边形ADCN 是平行四边形,又90DAB ∠=︒∴四边形ADCN 是矩形,4AD CN ∴==,3CD AN ==,3BN AB AN ∴=-=,在Rt BCN ∆中,225BC CN BN =+=利用比例线段或者相似或者解直角三角形求出CH//EF AB∴CE HE HC BC BN CN == 45HC m ∴=, 求DG ,因DC 知道,所以求CG如图,延长AG ,BC 交为于点M ,过点C 作CN AB ⊥于点N ,交EF 于点H利用比例线段MC5BE BC CE m ∴=-=-, //EF AB ∴EF ME AB MB=, 即12CD ME AB BM == 5ME BE m ∴==-,52MC ME CE m ∴=-=-,利用比例线段CG (随意一组A 字形都可以)//CG EF∴GC MC EF ME= 即5235GC m m-=- 1565m GC m -∴=-1563355m m DG CD GC m m-∴=-=-=-- 2162255DFGm S DG CH m∆∴=⨯⨯=- (3)因为ADG 是直角三角形,所以只能是∠DFA 为直角,做出图形即可求解 过点C 作CN AB ⊥于点N ,//AB CD ,90DAB ∠=︒,90DAB ADG ∴∠=∠=︒,若AFD ADG ∆∆∽,90AFD ADG ∴∠=∠=︒DF AG ∴⊥又//DF BCAG BC ∴⊥90B GAB ∴∠+∠=︒,且90DAG GAB ∠+∠=︒B DAG ∴∠=∠3cos cos 5BN DAG B BC ∴∠=== 【点评】本题是相似形综合题,考查了平行四边形的判定和性质,矩形的判定和性质,相似三角形的判定和性质,锐角三角函数等知识,熟练运用相似三角形的性质求线段的长度是本题的关键.4. 如图,已知ABC ∆中,90ACB ∠=︒,D 是边AB 的中点,P 是边AC 上一动点,BP 与CD 相交于点E .(1)如果6BC =,8AC =,且P 为AC 的中点,求线段BE 的长;(2)联结PD ,如果PD AB ⊥,且2CE =,3ED =,求cos A 的值;(3)联结PD ,如果222BP CD =,且2CE =,3ED =,求线段PD 的长.【分析】(1)根据已知条件得到4CP =,求得213BP =,根据三角形重心的性质即可得到结论;(2)如图1,过点B 作//BF CA 交CD 的延长线于点F ,根据平行线分线段成比例定理得到BD FD BF DA DC CA ==,求得13CP PA =,设CP k =,则3PA k =,得到3PA PB k ==根据三角函数的定义即可得到结论;(3)根据直角三角形的性质得到12CD BD AB ==,推出PBD ABP ∆∆∽,根据相似三角形的性质得到BPD A ∠=∠,推出DPE DCP ∆∆∽,根据相似三角形的性质即可得到结论.【解答】解:(1)P 为AC 的中点,8AC =,4CP ∴=,90ACB ∠=︒,6BC =,213BP ∴= D 是边AB 的中点,P 为AC 的中点,∴点E 是ABC ∆的重心,241333BE BP ∴=;方法一:从中点出发,回归到旗帜模型方法二:(2)如图1,过点B作//BF CA交CD的延长线于点F,∴BD FD BF DA DC CA==,BD DA=,FD DC∴=,BF AC=,2CE=,3ED=,则5CD=,8EF∴=,∴2184 CP CEBF EF===,∴14 CPCA=,∴13 CPPA=,设CP k=,则3PA k=,PD AB ⊥,D 是边AB 的中点,3PA PB k ∴==BC ∴=,AB ∴=,4AC k =,cos A ∴=; 方法一:方法二:(3)90ACB ∠=︒,D 是边AB 的中点,12CD BD AB ∴==,222PB CD =,22BP CD CD BD AB ∴==,PBD ABP ∠=∠,PBD ABP ∴∆∆∽,BPD A ∴∠=∠,A DCA ∠=∠,DPE DCP ∴∠=∠,PDE CDP ∠=∠,DPE DCP ∴∆∆∽,2PD DE DC ∴=,3DE =,5DC =,PD ∴.【点评】本题考查了相似三角形的判定和性质,直角三角形的性质,正确的作出辅助线是解题的关键.5.在矩形ABCD中,6AB=,8AD=,点E是边AD上一点,EM EC⊥交AB于点M,点N在射线MB上,且AE是AM和AN的比例中项.(1)如图1,求证:ANE DCE∠=∠;(2)如图2,当点N在线段MB之间,联结AC,且AC与NE互相垂直,求MN的长;(3)连接AC,如果AEC∆与以点E、M、N为顶点所组成的三角形相似,求DE的长.【分析】(1)由比例中项知AM AEAE AN=,据此可证AME AEN∆∆∽得AEM ANE∠=∠,再证AEM DCE∠=∠可得答案;(2)先证ANE EAC∠=∠,结合ANE DCE∠=∠得DCE EAC∠=∠,从而知DE DC DC AD=,据此求得97822AE=-=,由(1)得AEM DCE∠=∠,据此知AM DEAE DC=,求得218AM=,由AM AEAE AN=求得4924MN=;(3)分ENM EAC∠=∠和ENM ECA∠=∠两种情况分别求解可得.【解答】解:(1)AE是AM和AN的比例中项∴AM AEAE AN=,A A∠=∠,AME AEN∴∆∆∽,AEM ANE ∴∠=∠,90D∠=︒,∴∠+∠=︒,DCE DEC90⊥,EM BC∴∠+∠=︒,AEM DEC90∴∠=∠,AEM DCE∴∠=∠;ANE DCE(2)AC与NE互相垂直,EAC AEN∴∠+∠=︒,90BAC∠=︒,90∴∠+∠=︒,90ANE AENANE EAC ∴∠=∠,由(1)得ANE DCE ∠=∠,DCE EAC ∴∠=∠,tan tan DCE DAC ∴∠=∠, ∴DE DC DC AD=, 6DC AB ==,8AD =,92DE ∴=, 97822AE ∴=-=, 由(1)得AEM DCE ∠=∠,tan tan AEM DCE ∴∠=∠, ∴AM DE AE DC=, 218AM ∴=, AM AE AE AN=, 143AN ∴=, 4924MN ∴=; 相似通解通法·第二种情况利用面积法或者利用旗帜模型解决问题(3)NME MAE AEM∠=∠+∠,AEC D DCE∠=∠+∠,又90MAE D∠=∠=︒,由(1)得AEM DCE∠=∠,AEC NME∴∠=∠,当AEC∆与以点E、M、N为顶点所组成的三角形相似时①ENM EAC∠=∠,如图2,ANE EAC∴∠=∠,由(2)得:92 DE=;②ENM ECA∠=∠,如图3,过点E作EH AC⊥,垂足为点H,由(1)得ANE DCE∠=∠,ECA DCE∴∠=∠,HE DE∴=,又6 tan8HE DCHAEAH AD∠===,设3DE x=,则3HE x=,4AH x=,5AE x=,又AE DE AD+=,538x x∴+=,解得1x=,33DE x∴==,综上所述,DE的长分别为92或3.【点评】本题是相似三角形的综合问题,解题的关键是掌握相似三角形的判定与性质、三角函数的应用等知识点.6. 如图,在ABC ∆中,5AB AC ==,6BC =,AD BC ⊥,垂足为D ,点P 是边AB 上的一个动点,过点P 作//PF AC 交线段BD 于点F ,作PG AB ⊥交AD 于点E ,交线段CD 于点G ,设BP x =.(1)用含x 的代数式表示线段DG 的长;(2)设DEF ∆的面积为y ,求y 与x 之间的函数关系式,并写出定义域;(3)PEF ∆能否为直角三角形?如果能,求出BP 的长;如果不能,请说明理由.【分析】(1)根据等腰三角形的性质可得3BD =,通过证明ABD GBP ∆∆∽,可得5533BG BP x ==,即可得DG 的长度; (2)根据相似三角形的性质可得635FD BD BF x =-=-,5944DE x =-,根据三角形面积公式可求y 与x 之间的函数关系式;(3)分EF PG ⊥,EF PF ⊥两种情况讨论,根据相似三角形的性质可求BP 的长. 模型:8字形【解答】解:(1)5AB AC ==,6BC =,AD BC ⊥,3BD CD ∴==, 在Rt ABD ∆中,224AD AB BD =-,B B ∠=∠,90ADB BPG ∠=∠=︒,ABD GBP ∴∆∆∽ ∴35BD BP AB BG == 5533BG BP x ∴==, 533DG BG BD x ∴=-=- DE 已经表示出来了,那就只剩下DF ,△BPF 是含参定三角形,所以每条边都可以表示出来(2)//PF ACBFP BCA ∴∆∆∽ ∴BF BP BC AB= 即56x BF = 65BF x ∴=, 635FD BD BF x ∴=-=-, DGE DEG DGE ABD ∠+∠=∠+∠,ABD DEG ∴∠=∠,90ADG ADB ∠=∠=︒DEG DBA ∴∆∆∽ ∴BD DE AD DG= ∴35433DE x =- 5944DE x ∴=- 2116593129(3)()22544440DEF S y DF DE x x x x ∆∴==⨯⨯=⨯-⨯-=-+需要注意定义域,临界情况一,F 和D 重合;临界请客二,D 和G 重合方法一:直接勾股定理,△PEF 的三边都是可以表示出来的方法二:利用几何性质解题方法三:相似,射影定理,比例线段 (3)若EF PG ⊥时,EF PG ⊥,ED FG ⊥,90FED DEG ∴∠+∠=︒,90FED EFD ∠+∠=︒,EFD DEG ∴∠=∠,且EDF EDG ∠=∠,EFD GDE ∴∆∆∽∴ED DF DG ED= 2ED FD DG ∴=⨯25965()(3)(3)4453x x x ∴-=-- 2557113822550x x ∴⨯-+⨯=95x ∴=(不合题意舍去),12557x = 若EF PF ⊥,90PFB EFD ∴∠+∠=︒,且PFB ACB ∠=∠,90ACB DAC ∠+∠=︒EFD DAC ∴∠=∠,且90EDF ADC ∠=∠=︒,EDF CDA ∴∆∆∽ ∴ED CD DF AD= ∴593446435x x -=- 9043x ∴= 综上所述:当BP 为12557或9043时,PEF ∆为直角三角形. 【点评】本题是三角形综合题,考查了等腰三角形的性质,相似三角形判定和性质,以及分类讨论思想,熟练运用相似三角形的判定和性质是本题的关键.7.在ABC∆中,90ACB∠=︒,3BC=,4AC=,点O是AB的中点,点D是边AC上一点,DE BD⊥,交BC的延长线于点E,OD DF⊥,交BC边于点F,过点E作EG AB⊥,垂足为点G,EG分别交BD、DF、DC于点M、N、H.(1)求证:DE NE DB OB=;(2)设CD x=,NE y=,求y关于x的函数关系式及其定义域;(3)当DEF∆是以DE为腰的等腰三角形时,求线段CD的长.【分析】(1)只要证明OBD NED∆∆∽,即可解决问题.(2)由tanDC DEDBCBC BD∠==,又因为DE NEDB OB=,可得CD NEBC OB=,由此即可解决问题.(3)分两种情形分别求解即可解决问题.通过比例推测△OBD和△NED相似,所以只需要证明相似鸡爪模型和8字形得角等【解答】(1)证明:如图1中,OD DF⊥,BD DE⊥,90ODF BDE∴∠=∠=︒,ODB NDE∴∠=∠,EG AB ⊥,90BGM MDE ∴∠=∠=︒, BMG EMD ∠=∠, OBD DEN ∴∠=∠, OBD NED ∴∆∆∽,(2)解:如图1中,90BCD BDE ∠=∠=︒,tan DC DE DBC BC BD ∴∠==, DE NE DB OB=,在Rt ABC ∆中,5AB ===, 2.5OB OA ∴==, ∴3 2.5x y =,。
2019年一模24题合集
2019年24题合集1.(2019•虹口区一模)如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,抛物线2y x bx c =-++与x 轴相交于原点O 和点(4,0)B ,点(3,)A m 在抛物线上.(1)求抛物线的表达式,并写出它的对称轴;(2)求tan OAB ∠的值.(3,4)B-,抛物线的对称轴与x轴相交于点D.(1)求抛物线的表达式;(2)联结OB、BD.求BDO∠的余切值;(3)如果点P在线段BO的延长线上,且PAO BAO∠=∠,求点P的坐标.(4,0)B,且平移后的抛物线与y轴交于点C(如图).(1)求平移后的抛物线的表达式;(2)如果点D在线段CB上,且CD=,求CAD∠的正弦值;(3)点E在y轴上且位于点C的上方,点P在直线BC上,点Q在平移后的抛物线上,如果四边形ECPQ是菱形,求点Q的坐标.4.(2019•静安区一模)在平面直角坐标系xOy中(如图),已知抛物线2(0)y ax bx c a=++≠的图象经过点B(4,0)、D(5,3),设它与x轴的另一个交点为A∆的面积是3.(点A在点B的左侧),且ABD(1)求该抛物线的表达式;∠的正切值;(2)求ADB∆(3)若抛物线与y轴交于点C,直线CD交x轴于点E,点P在射线AD上,当APE ∆相似时,求点P的坐标.与ABD5.(2019•奉贤区一模)如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,直线AB 与抛物线2y ax bx =+交于点(6,0)A 和点(1,5)B -.(1)求这条抛物线的表达式和直线AB 的表达式;(2)如果点C 在直线AB 上,且BOC ∠的正切值是32,求点C 的坐标.6.(2019•嘉定区一模)在平面直角坐标系xOy (如图)中,抛物线22y ax bx =++经过点(4,0)A 、(2,2)B ,与y 轴的交点为C .(1)试求这个抛物线的表达式;(2)如果这个抛物线的顶点为M ,求AMC ∆的面积;(3)如果这个抛物线的对称轴与直线BC 交于点D ,点E 在线段AB 上,且45DOE ∠=︒,求点E 的坐标.于点(0,2)C,它的顶点为(1,)D m,且1 tan3COD∠=.(1)求m的值及抛物线的表达式;(2)将此抛物线向上平移后与x轴正半轴交于点A,与y轴交于点B,且OA OB=.若点A是由原抛物线上的点E平移所得,求点E的坐标;(3)在(2)的条件下,点P是抛物线对称轴上的一点(位于x轴上方),且45APB∠=︒.求P点的坐标.x 轴交于点(1,0)A -和点B ,且3OB OA =,与y 轴交于点C ,此抛物线顶点为点D .(1)求抛物线的表达式及点D 的坐标;(2)如果点E 是y 轴上的一点(点E 与点C 不重合),当BE DE ⊥时,求点E 的坐标;(3)如果点F 是抛物线上的一点.且135FBD ∠=︒,求点F 的坐标.9.(2019•长宁区一模)如图,在直角坐标平面内,抛物线经过原点O、点(1,3)B,又与x 轴正半轴相交于点A,45BAO∠=︒,点P是线段AB上的一点,过点P作//PM OB,与抛物线交于点M,且点M在第一象限内.(1)求抛物线的表达式;(2)若BMP AOB∠=∠,求点P的坐标;(3)过点M作MC x⊥轴,分别交直线AB、x轴于点N、C,若ANC∆的面积等于PMN∆的面积的2倍,求MNNC的值.10.(2019•崇明区一模)如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,二次函数26(y ax bx a =++、b都是常数,且0)a <的图象与x 轴交于点(2,0)A -、(6,0)B ,顶点为点C .(1)求这个二次函数的解析式及点C 的坐标;(2)过点B 的直线132y x =-+交抛物线的对称轴于点D ,联结BC ,求CBD ∠的余切值;(3)点P 为抛物线上一个动点,当PBA CBD ∠=∠时,求点P 的坐标.11.(2019•金山区一模)已知抛物线2y x bx c =++经过点(0,6)A ,点(1,3)B ,直线1:(0)l y kx k =≠,直线2:2l y x =--,直线1l 经过抛物线2y x bx c =++的顶点P ,且1l 与2l 相交于点C ,直线2l 与x 轴、y 轴分别交于点D 、E .若把抛物线上下平移,使抛物线的顶点在直线2l 上(此时抛物线的顶点记为)M ,再把抛物线左右平移,使抛物线的顶点在直线1l 上(此时抛物线的顶点记为)N .(1)求抛物线2y x bx c =++的解析式.(2)判断以点N 为圆心,半径长为4的圆与直线2l 的位置关系,并说明理由.(3)设点F 、H 在直线1l 上(点H 在点F 的下方),当MHF ∆与OAB ∆相似时,求点F 、H 的坐标(直接写出结果).12.(2019•宝山区一模)如图,已知:二次函数2y x bx =+的图象交x 轴正半轴于点A ,顶点为P ,一次函数132y x =-的图象交x 轴于点B ,交y 轴于点C ,OCA ∠的正切值为23.(1)求二次函数的解析式与顶点P 坐标;(2)将二次函数图象向下平移m 个单位,设平移后抛物线顶点为P ',若 Δ '= Δ ',求m 的值.13.(2019•徐汇区一模)如图,在平面直角坐标系中,顶点为M 的抛物线21:(0)C y ax bx a =+<经过点A 和x 轴上的点B ,2AO OB ==,120AOB ∠=︒.(1)求该抛物线的表达式;(2)联结AM ,求AOM S ∆;(3)将抛物线1C 向上平移得到抛物线2C ,抛物线2C 与x 轴分别交于点E 、F (点E 在点F 的左侧),如果MBF ∆与AOM ∆相似,求所有符合条件的抛物线2C 的表达式.14.(2019•黄浦区一模)在平面直角坐标系中,已知抛物线2(0)y ax bx c a =++>与x 轴交于(1,0)A -、B 两点(点A 在点B 的左侧),与y 轴交于点C ,抛物线的顶点为点D ,对称轴为直线1x =,交x 轴于点E ,1tan 2BDE ∠=.(1)求抛物线的表达式;(2)若点P 是对称轴上一点,且DCP BDE ∠=∠,求点P 的坐标.15.(2019•浦东新区一模)如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,直线12y x b =-+与x 轴相交于点A ,与y 轴相交于点B ,抛物线244y ax ax =-+经过点A 和点B ,并与x 轴相交于另一点C ,对称轴与x 轴相交于点D .(1)求抛物线的表达式;(2)求证:BOD AOB ∆∆∽;(3)如果点P 在线段AB 上,且BCP DBO ∠=∠,求点P 的坐标.16.(2019•松江区一模)如图,抛物线212y x bx c =-++经过点(2,0)A -,点(0,4)B .(1)求这条抛物线的表达式;(2)P 是抛物线对称轴上的点,联结AB 、PB ,如果PBO BAO ∠=∠,求点P 的坐标;(3)将抛物线沿y 轴向下平移m 个单位,所得新抛物线与y 轴交于点D ,过点D 作//DE x 轴交新抛物线于点E ,射线EO 交新抛物线于点F ,如果2EO OF =,求m 的值.。
上海市13区2019届高三上期末(一模)考试数学试题分类汇编立体几何
上海市13区2019届高三上期末(一模)考试数学试题分类汇编立体几何一、填空、选择题1、(宝山区2019届高三)将函数y =的图像绕着y 轴旋转一周所得的几何容器的容积是 .2、(崇明区2019届高三)设一个圆锥的侧面展开图是半径为2的半圆,则此圆锥的体积等于3、(虹口区2019届高三)关于三个不同平面α、β、γ与直线l ,下来命题中的假命题是( ) A. 若αβ⊥,则α内一定存在直线平行于βB. 若α与β不垂直,则α内一定不存在直线垂直于βC. 若αγ⊥,βγ⊥,l αβ=I ,则l γ⊥D. 若αβ⊥,则α内所有直线垂直于β4、(金山区2019届高三)在120︒的二面角内放置一个半径为6的小球,它与二面角的两个半平面相切于A 、B 两点,则这两个点在球面上的距离是5、(浦东新区2019,母线与底面所成角为3π,则该圆锥的表面积为 6、(浦东新区2019届高三)下列命题正确的是( ) A. 如果两条直线垂直于同一条直线,那么这两条直线平行 B. 如果两条直线垂直于同一条直线,那么这两条直线平行 C. 如果两条直线垂直于同一条直线,那么这两条直线平行 D. 如果两条直线垂直于同一条直线,那么这两条直线平行7、(普陀区2019届高三) 如图,正四棱柱1111ABCD A B C D -的底面边长为4,记1111AC B D F =I ,11BC B C E =I ,若AE BF ⊥,则此棱柱的体积为8、(青浦区2019届高三)已知直角三角形△ABC 中,90A ∠=︒,3AB =,4AC =,则△ABC 绕直线AC 旋转一周所得几何体的体积为9、(徐汇区2019届高三)魏晋时期数学家刘徽在他的著作《九章算术注》中,称一个正方体内两个互相垂直的内切圆柱所围成的几何体为“牟合方盖”.刘徽通过计算得知正方体的内切球的体积与“牟合方盖”的体积之比应为:4π.若正方体的棱长为2,则“牟合方盖”的体积为( )(A )16 (B ) (C )163 (D )128310、(杨浦区2019届高三)若圆锥的母线长5()l cm =,高4()h cm =,则这个圆锥的体积等于 3()cm11、(长宁区2019届高三)若圆锥的侧面面积为2π,底面面积为π,则该圆锥的体积为 12、(闵行区2019届高三)如图,在过正方体1111ABCD A B C D -的任意两个顶点的所有直线中,与直线1AC 异面的直线的条数为13、(闵行区2019届高三)已知a 、b 为两条不同的直线,α、β为两个不同的平面,a αβ=I ,a ∥b ,则下列结论不可能成立的是( )A. b ⇐β,且b ∥αB. b ⇐α,且b ∥βC. b ∥α,且b ∥βD. b 与α、β都相交14、(青浦区2019届高三)对于两条不同的直线m 、n 和两个不同的平面α、β,以下结论正确的是( ) A. 若m ⇐α,n ∥β,m 、n 是异面直线,则α、β相交 B. 若m α⊥,m β⊥,n ∥α,则n ∥β C. m ⇐α,n ∥α,m 、n 共面于β,则m ∥nD. 若m α⊥,n β⊥,α、β不平行,则m 、n 为异面直线参考答案一、填空、选择题1、π322、33、D4、2π5、3π6、D7、 8、12π 9、C 10、12π 11、π3312、12 13、D 14、C二、解答题 1、(宝山区2019届高三)如图,在四棱锥P ABCD -中,PA ⊥平面ABCD ,正方形ABCD 的边长为2,4PA =,设E 为侧棱PC 的中点.(1)求正四棱锥E ABCD -的体积V ;(2)求直线BE 与平面PCD 所成角θ的大小.2、(崇明区2019届高三)如图,设长方体1111ABCD A B C D -中,2AB BC ==, 直线1A C 与平面ABCD 所成的角为4π. (1)求三棱锥1A A BD -的体积; (2)求异面直线1A B 与1B C 所成角的大小.3、(奉贤区2019届高三) 如图,三棱柱111ABC A B C -中,1AA ⊥底面ABC ,AB AC =,D 是BC 的中点.(1)求证:BC ⊥平面11A AD ;(2)若90BAC ︒∠=,4BC =,三棱柱111ABC A B C -的体积是1A D 与1AB 所成角的大小.4、(虹口区2019届高三)在如图所示的圆锥中,底面直径与母线长均为4,点C 是底面直径AB 所对弧的中点,点D 是母线PA 的中点.(1)求该圆锥的侧面积与体积;(2)求异面直线AB 与CD 所成角的大小.5、(金山区2019届高三) 如图,三棱锥P ABC -中,PA ⊥底面ABC ,M 是 BC 的中点,若底面ABC 是边长为2的正三角形,且PB 与底面ABC 所成的角为3π. 求: (1)三棱锥P ABC -的体积; (2)异面直线PM 与AC 所成角的大小. (结果用反三角函数值表示)6、(浦东新区2019届高三)已知直三棱柱111A B C ABC -中,11AB AC AA ===,90BAC ︒∠=. (1)求异面直线1A B 与11B C 所成角; (2)求点1B 到平面1A BC 的距离.7、(普陀区2019届高三)如图所示,某地出土的一种“钉”是由四条线段组成,其结构能使它任意抛至水平面后,总有一端所在的直线竖直向上,并记组成该“钉”的四条线段的公共点为O ,钉尖为i A (1,2,3,4i =). (1)记i OA a =(0a >),当1A 、2A 、3A 在同一水平面内时,求1OA 与平面123A A A 所成 角的大小(结果用反三角函数值表示);(2)若该“钉”的三个钉尖所确定的三角形的面积为2,要用某种线型材料复制100枚这种“钉”(耗损忽略不计),共需要该种材料多少米?8、(青浦区2019届高三)已知正四棱柱1111ABCD A B C D -的底面边长为3,15A D =. (1)求该正四棱柱的侧面积与体积;(2)若E 为线段1A D 的中点,求BE 与平面ABCD 所成角的大小.9、(徐汇区2019届高三)如图,已知正方体''''ABCD A B C D -的棱长为1. (1)正方体''''ABCD A B C D -中哪些棱所在的直线与直线'A B 是异面直线? (2)若,M N 分别是','A B BC 的中点,求异面直线MN 与BC 所成角的大小.10、(杨浦区2019届高三)如图,PA ⊥平面ABCD ,四边形ABCD 为矩形,1PA AB ==,2AD =,点F 是PB的中心,点E 在边BC 上移动. (1)求三棱锥E PAD -的体积;(2)证明:无论点E 在边BC 的何处,都有AF ⊥PE .11、(长宁区2019届高三) 《九章算术》中,将底面为长方形且有一条侧棱与地面垂直的四棱锥称之为阳马,将四个面都为直角三角形的四面体称之为鳖臑,首届中国国际进口博览会的某展馆棚顶一角的钢结构可以抽象为空间图形阳马,如图所示,在阳马P ABCD -中,PD ⊥底面ABCD . (1)已知4AD CD m ==,斜梁PB 与底面ABCD 所成角为15︒,求立柱PD 的长; (精确到0.01m )(2)求证:四面体PDBC 为鳖臑.参考答案二、解答题1、解:(1)因为正方形ABCD 的边长为2,所以4ABCD S =,…………2分11633P ABCD ABCD V S PA -=⋅=, …………………………………4分因为E 为侧棱PC 的中点,所以1823P ABCD V V -==.…………………………………………………6分(2)建立空间直角坐标系,(0,0,0)A ,如图所示:(2,0,0)B ,(0,0,4),(2,2,0),(1,1,2)P C E ,……8分()()()1,1,2,2,2,4,2,0,0,BE PC DC =-=-=u u u r u u u r u u u r……………9分设平面PCD 的一条法向量为(,,)n a b c =r02240020PC n a b c CD n a ⎧⋅=⇒+-=⎪⎨⋅=⇒=⎪⎩u u u r r u u ur r , 令1c =,则(0,2,1)n =r,……………………………………………………11分故sin BE n BE nθ⋅==u u u r ru u u r r ……………………………………………13分 所以,直线BE 与平面PCD所成角大小.……………………14分 17. 2、解:(1)联结AC , 因为1AA ABCD ⊥平面,所以1A CA ∠就是直线1A C 与平面ABCD 所成的角,……………………………………2分 所以14ACA π∠=,所以1AA =4分所以11113A BD ABD ABD A A V V S A A --==⋅7分(2)联结1A D ,BD因为11//A B CD ,所以11//A D B C所以1BA D ∠就是异面直线1A B 与1B C 所成的角或其补角………………………3分在1BA D V中,12cos 3BA D ∠==所以12arccos 3BA D ∠=……………………………………6分 所以异面直线1A B 与1B C 所成角的大小是2arccos 3……………………………………7分3、4、5、6、解:(1)在直三棱柱ABC C B A -111中,AB AA ⊥1,AC AA ⊥1,︒=∠===9011BAC ,AA AC AB所以,211===BC C A B A .…………………………2分因为,11C B //BC ,所以,BC A 1∠为异面直线B A 1与11C B 所成的角或补角.……4分 在BC A 1∆中,因为,211===BC C A B A ,所以,异面直线B A 1与11C B 所成角为3π.…………………………7分 (2)设点1B 到平面BC A 1的距离为h ,由(1)得23322211=π⋅⨯⨯=∆sin S BC A ,…………………………9分 21112111=⨯⨯=∆B B A S ,…………………………11分因为,B B A C BC A B V V 1111--=,…………………………12分所以,CA S h S B B A BC A ⋅=⋅∆∆1113131,解得,33=h . 所以,点1B 到平面BC A 1的距离为33.…………………………14分或者用空间向量:(1) 设异面直线B A 1与11C B 所成角为θ,如图建系,则()1011-=,,B A ,()01111,,C B -=,…………4分因为,321221π=θ⇒=⋅-==θcos 所以,异面直线B A 1与11C B 所成角为3π.…………7分 (2)设平面BC A 1的法向量为()w ,v ,u =,则B A n ,BC n 1⊥⊥.又()011,,BC -=,()1011-=,,B A ,……………9分所以,由⎩⎨⎧=-=+-⇒⎪⎩⎪⎨⎧=⋅=⋅00001w u v u A ,得()111,,n =.…………12分 所以,点1B 到平面BC A 1的距离33==d .…………………………14分 7、8、解:(1)在正四棱柱1111ABCD A B C D -中,∵1AA ⊥平面ABCD ,AD ⊂≠平面ABCD ,∴1AA AD ⊥,故14AA =,∴正四棱柱的侧面积为(43)448⨯⨯=,体积为2(3)436⨯=.(2)建立如图的空间直角坐标系O xyz -,由题意可得(0,0,0)D ,(3,3,0)B ,1(3,0,4)A ,(0,0,0)D ,3(,0,2)2E , 1(0,0,4)AA =u u u r ,3(,3,2)2BE =--u u u r , 设1AA uuu r 与BE u u u r 所成角为α,直线BE 与平面ABCD 所成角为θ,则11cos ||||AA BE AA BE α⋅===⋅u u u r u u u r u u u r u u u r 又1AA uuu r 是平面ABCD 的一个法向量,故sin cos θα==,θ=. 所以直线BE 与平面ABCD所成的角为. 9、解:(1)由异面直线的定义可知,棱,,',','',''AD DC CC DD D C B C 所在的直线与直线'A B 是异面直线 ……………….6分(2)连结',''BC A C ,因为,M N 分别是','A B BC 的中点,所以MN ∥''A C ,又因为BC ∥''B C ,所以异面直线MN 与BC 所成角为'''A C B ∠(或其补角),…….9分由于'''','''90A B B C A B C =∠=o于是'''45A C B ∠=o , ………………13分所以异面直线MN 与BC 所成角的大小为45o . ………….14分10、解:(1) …… 6分(2)只需证明因为,故,又,故,所以; ……10分 中,,点是的中点,故 ……12分 所以,,故无论点在边的何处,都有. ……14分11、(1)解:因为侧棱⊥PD 底面ABCD ,则侧棱PB 在底面上的射影是DB ,所以PBD ∠就是侧棱PB 与底面ABCD 所成的角,即︒=∠15PBD .……2分 在PDB ∆中,)(24,9022m CD AD DB PDB =+=︒=∠, ………3分 由DB PDPBD =∠tan 得 2415tan PD=︒,解得 )(52.1m PD =. ………5分所以立柱PD 的长约为 m 52.1. ………………………………6分(2)由题意知底面ABCD 是长方形,所以BCD ∆是直角三角形. ………………………2分因为侧棱⊥PD 底面ABCD ,得BC PD DB PD DC PD ⊥⊥⊥,,,所以PDC ∆、PDB ∆是直角三角形. …………………………4分因为DC BC ⊥,PD BC ⊥,又D DC PD =I ,PD DC ,≠⊂平面PDC , 所以⊥BC 平面PDC . …………………………………………6分又因为PC ≠⊂平面PDC ,所以PC BC ⊥,1133P ADE ADE V PA S -∆=⋅⋅=AF PBC ⊥面PA ABCD ⊥面PA BC ⊥BC AB ⊥BC AB ⊥面P BC AF ⊥PAB ∆PA AB =F PB AF PB ⊥AF PBC ⊥面E BC AF PE ⊥ABCD为直角三角形.…………………………………7分所以PBCPDBC由鳖臑的定义知,四面体为鳖臑.………………………8分。
上海初中数学一模-2019年-24题分题合集(含解析)
上海初中数学一模-2019年-24题分题合集1. (2019•虹口区一模)如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,抛物线2y x bx c =-++与x 轴相交于原点O 和点(4,0)B ,点(3,)A m 在抛物线上.(1)求抛物线的表达式,并写出它的对称轴;(2)求tan OAB ∠的值.(3,4)B-,抛物线的对称轴与x轴相交于点D.(1)求抛物线的表达式;(2)联结OB、BD.求BDO∠的余切值;(3)如果点P在线段BO的延长线上,且PAO BAO∠=∠,求点P的坐标.(4,0)B,且平移后的抛物线与y轴交于点C(如图).(1)求平移后的抛物线的表达式;∠的正弦值;(2)如果点D在线段CB上,且CD,求CAD(3)点E在y轴上且位于点C的上方,点P在直线BC上,点Q在平移后的抛物线上,如果四边形ECPQ是菱形,求点Q的坐标.4.(2019•静安区一模)在平面直角坐标系xOy中(如图),已知抛物线2(0)=++≠的图象经过点B(4,0)、D(5,3),设它与x轴的另一个交点为A y ax bx c a(点A在点B的左侧),且ABD∆的面积是3.(1)求该抛物线的表达式;(2)求ADB∠的正切值;(3)若抛物线与y轴交于点C,直线CD交x轴于点E,点P在射线AD上,当APE∆与ABD∆相似时,求点P的坐标.5. (2019•奉贤区一模)如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,直线AB 与抛物线2y ax bx =+交于点(6,0)A 和点(1,5)B -.(1)求这条抛物线的表达式和直线AB 的表达式;(2)如果点C 在直线AB 上,且BOC ∠的正切值是32,求点C 的坐标.6. (2019•嘉定区一模)在平面直角坐标系xOy (如图)中,抛物线22y ax bx =++经过点(4,0)A 、(2,2)B ,与y 轴的交点为C .(1)试求这个抛物线的表达式;(2)如果这个抛物线的顶点为M ,求AMC ∆的面积;(3)如果这个抛物线的对称轴与直线BC 交于点D ,点E 在线段AB 上,且45DOE ∠=︒,求点E 的坐标.于点(0,2)C,它的顶点为(1,)D m,且1 tan3COD∠=.(1)求m的值及抛物线的表达式;(2)将此抛物线向上平移后与x轴正半轴交于点A,与y轴交于点B,且OA OB=.若点A是由原抛物线上的点E平移所得,求点E的坐标;(3)在(2)的条件下,点P是抛物线对称轴上的一点(位于x轴上方),且45APB∠=︒.求P点的坐标.x 轴交于点(1,0)A -和点B ,且3OB OA =,与y 轴交于点C ,此抛物线顶点为点D .(1)求抛物线的表达式及点D 的坐标;(2)如果点E 是y 轴上的一点(点E 与点C 不重合),当BE DE ⊥时,求点E 的坐标;(3)如果点F 是抛物线上的一点.且135FBD ∠=︒,求点F 的坐标.9.(2019•长宁区一模)如图,在直角坐标平面内,抛物线经过原点O、点(1,3)B,又与x 轴正半轴相交于点A,45BAO∠=︒,点P是线段AB上的一点,过点P作//PM OB,与抛物线交于点M,且点M在第一象限内.(1)求抛物线的表达式;(2)若BMP AOB∠=∠,求点P的坐标;(3)过点M作MC x⊥轴,分别交直线AB、x轴于点N、C,若ANC∆的面积等于PMN∆的面积的2倍,求MNNC的值.10. (2019•崇明区一模)如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,二次函数26(y ax bx a =++、b都是常数,且0)a <的图象与x 轴交于点(2,0)A -、(6,0)B ,顶点为点C .(1)求这个二次函数的解析式及点C 的坐标;(2)过点B 的直线132y x =-+交抛物线的对称轴于点D ,联结BC ,求CBD ∠的余切值;(3)点P 为抛物线上一个动点,当PBA CBD ∠=∠时,求点P 的坐标.11. (2019•金山区一模)已知抛物线2y x bx c =++经过点(0,6)A ,点(1,3)B ,直线1:(0)l y kx k =≠,直线2:2l y x =--,直线1l 经过抛物线2y x bx c =++的顶点P ,且1l 与2l 相交于点C ,直线2l 与x 轴、y 轴分别交于点D 、E .若把抛物线上下平移,使抛物线的顶点在直线2l 上(此时抛物线的顶点记为)M ,再把抛物线左右平移,使抛物线的顶点在直线1l 上(此时抛物线的顶点记为)N .(1)求抛物线2y x bx c =++的解析式.(2)判断以点N 为圆心,半径长为4的圆与直线2l 的位置关系,并说明理由.(3)设点F 、H 在直线1l 上(点H 在点F 的下方),当MHF ∆与OAB ∆相似时,求点F 、H 的坐标(直接写出结果).12. (2019•宝山区一模)如图,已知:二次函数2y x bx =+的图象交x 轴正半轴于点A ,顶点为P ,一次函数132y x =-的图象交x 轴于点B ,交y 轴于点C ,OCA ∠的正切值为23. (1)求二次函数的解析式与顶点P 坐标;(2)将二次函数图象向下平移m 个单位,设平移后抛物线顶点为P ',若s ΔABP ′=s ΔBCP ′,求m 的值.13. (2019•徐汇区一模)如图,在平面直角坐标系中,顶点为M 的抛物线21:(0)C y ax bx a =+<经过点A 和x 轴上的点B ,2AO OB ==,120AOB ∠=︒.(1)求该抛物线的表达式;(2)联结AM ,求AOM S ∆;(3)将抛物线1C 向上平移得到抛物线2C ,抛物线2C 与x 轴分别交于点E 、F (点E 在点F 的左侧),如果MBF ∆与AOM ∆相似,求所有符合条件的抛物线2C 的表达式.14. (2019•黄浦区一模)在平面直角坐标系中,已知抛物线2(0)y ax bx c a =++>与x 轴交于(1,0)A -、B 两点(点A 在点B 的左侧),与y 轴交于点C ,抛物线的顶点为点D ,对称轴为直线1x =,交x 轴于点E ,1tan 2BDE ∠=. (1)求抛物线的表达式;(2)若点P 是对称轴上一点,且DCP BDE ∠=∠,求点P 的坐标.15. (2019•浦东新区一模)如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,直线12y x b =-+与x 轴相交于点A ,与y 轴相交于点B ,抛物线244y ax ax =-+经过点A 和点B ,并与x 轴相交于另一点C ,对称轴与x 轴相交于点D .(1)求抛物线的表达式;(2)求证:BOD AOB ∆∆∽;(3)如果点P 在线段AB 上,且BCP DBO ∠=∠,求点P 的坐标.16. (2019•松江区一模)如图,抛物线212y x bx c =-++经过点(2,0)A -,点(0,4)B . (1)求这条抛物线的表达式;(2)P 是抛物线对称轴上的点,联结AB 、PB ,如果PBO BAO ∠=∠,求点P 的坐标;(3)将抛物线沿y 轴向下平移m 个单位,所得新抛物线与y 轴交于点D ,过点D 作//DE x 轴交新抛物线于点E ,射线EO 交新抛物线于点F ,如果2EO OF =,求m 的值.2019年24分题合集参考答案与试题解析1. 如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,抛物线2y x bx c =-++与x 轴相交于原点O 和点(4,0)B ,点(3,)A m 在抛物线上.(1)求抛物线的表达式,并写出它的对称轴;(2)求tan OAB ∠的值.【分析】(1)把点(0,0)O ,点(4,0)B 分别代入2y x bx c =-++,解之,得到b 和c 的值,即可得到抛物线的表达式,根据抛物线的对称轴b x a=-,代入求值即可, (2)把点(3,)A m 代入24y x x =-+,求出m 的值,得到点A 的坐标,过点B 作BD OA ⊥,交OA 于点D ,过点A 作AE OB ⊥,交OB 于点E ,根据三角形的面积和勾股定理,求出线段BD 和AD 的长,即可得到答案.【解答】解:(1)把点(0,0)O ,点(4,0)B 分别代入2y x bx c =-++得: 01640c b c =⎧⎨-++=⎩, 解得:40b c =⎧⎨=⎩, 即抛物线的表达式为:24y x x =-+,它的对称轴为:422(1)x =-=⨯-, (2)把点(3,)A m 代入24y x x =-+得:23433m =-+⨯=,即点A 的坐标为:(3,3),过点B 作BD OA ⊥,交OA 于点D ,过点A 作AE OB ⊥,交OB 于点E ,如下图所示,3AE =,3OE =,431BE =-=,OA =,AB =1122OAB S OB AE OA BD ∆=⨯⨯=⨯⨯,OB AE BD OA ⨯===,AD =tan 2BD OAB AD ∠==.【点评】本题考查了抛物线与x 轴的交点,二次函数的性质,二次函数图象上点的坐标特征,待定系数法求二次函数解析式,解直角三角形,解题的关键:(1)正确掌握代入法和抛物线的对称轴公式,(2)正确掌握三角形面积公式和勾股定理.2. 已知:在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,抛物线2y ax bx =+经过点(5,0)A 、(3,4)B -,抛物线的对称轴与x 轴相交于点D .(1)求抛物线的表达式;(2)联结OB 、BD .求BDO ∠的余切值;(3)如果点P 在线段BO 的延长线上,且PAO BAO ∠=∠,求点P 的坐标.【分析】(1)根据点A ,B 的坐标,利用待定系数法可求出抛物线的表达式;(2)利用二次函数的性质可得出抛物线的对称轴,进而可得出点D 的坐标,过点B 作BC x ⊥轴,垂足为点C ,由点B ,D 的坐标可得出CD ,BC 的长度,结合余切的定义可求出BDO ∠的余切值;(3)设点P 的坐标为(,)m n ,过点P 作PQ x ⊥轴,垂足为点Q ,则PQ n =-,OQ m =,5AQ m =-,在Rt ABC ∆中,可求出cot 2BAC ∠∠=,结合PAO BAO ∠=∠可得出25m n -=①,由BC x ⊥轴,PQ x ⊥轴可得出//BC PQ ,进而可得出43m n =-②,联立①②可得出点P 的坐标.【解答】解:(1)将(5,0)A ,(3,4)B -代入2y ax bx =+,得:2550934a b a b +=⎧⎨-=⎩, 解得:1656a b ⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=-⎪⎩, ∴所求抛物线的表达式为21566y x x =-. (2)抛物线的表达式为21566y x x =-, ∴抛物线的对称轴为直线52x =,∴点D 的坐标为5(2,0). 过点B 作BC x ⊥轴,垂足为点C ,如图1所示. 点B 的坐标为(3,4)-,点D 的坐标为5(2,0), 4BC ∴=,3OC =,511322CD =+=,11cot 8CD BDO CB ∴∠==. (3)设点P 的坐标为(,)m n ,过点P 作PQ x ⊥轴,垂足为点Q ,如图2所示. 则PQ n =-,OQ m =,5AQ m =-. 在Rt ABC ∆中,90ACB ∠=︒,8cot 24AC BAC BC ∴∠∠===.PAO BAO ∠=∠,5cot 2AQ m PAO PQ n -∴∠===-,即25m n -=①. BC x ⊥轴,PQ x ⊥轴, 90BCO PQA ∴∠=∠=︒, //BC PQ ∴,∴BC OC PQ OQ=, ∴43n m=-,即43m n =-②. 由①、②得:2543m n m n -=⎧⎨=-⎩, 解得:15112011m n ⎧=⎪⎪⎨⎪=-⎪⎩, ∴点P 的坐标为15(11,20)11-.【点评】本题考查了待定系数法求二次函数解析式、余切的定义、相似三角形的性质以及解方程组,解题的关键是:(1)根据点的坐标,利用待定系数法求出二次函数表达式;(2)通过构造直角三角形,求出BDO的余切值;(3)利用角的余切值及相似三角形的性质,找出关于m,n的二元一次方程组.3. 在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,将抛物线2y x =-平移后经过点(1,0)A -、(4,0)B ,且平移后的抛物线与y 轴交于点C (如图).(1)求平移后的抛物线的表达式;(2)如果点D 在线段CB 上,且CD =CAD ∠的正弦值;(3)点E 在y 轴上且位于点C 的上方,点P 在直线BC 上,点Q 在平移后的抛物线上,如果四边形ECPQ 是菱形,求点Q 的坐标.【分析】(1)根据平移前后a 的值不变,用待定系数法求解即可;(2)求出直线BC 的解析式,确定点D 的坐标,过点D 作DM AC ⊥,过点B 作BN AC ⊥,垂足分别为点M 、N ,运用面积法求出BN ,再根据相似三角形的性质求出DM ,根据直角三角函数求解即可;(3)设点Q 的坐标为2(,34)n n n -++,如果四边形ECPQ 是菱形,则0n >,//PQ y 轴,PQ PC =,点P 的坐标为(,4)n n -+,根据邻边相等列出方程即可求解.【解答】解:(1)设平移后的抛物线的解析式为2y x bx c =-++.将(1,0)A -、(4,0)B ,代入得101640.b c b c --+=⎧⎨-++=⎩解得:34.b c =⎧⎨=⎩所以,234y x x =-++.(2)如图1234y x x =-++,∴点C 的坐标为(0,4).设直线BC 的解析式为4y kx =+,将(4,0)B ,代入得40kx +=,解得1k =-, 4y x ∴=-+.设点D 的坐标为(,4)m m -.2CD =,222m ∴=,解得1m =或1m =-(舍去), ∴点D 的坐标为(1,3).过点D 作DM AC ⊥,过点B 作BN AC ⊥,垂足分别为点M 、N .1122AC BN AB OC =, ∴1754BN =⨯,∴BN ==. //DM BN ,∴DM CD BN CB =,∴DM BN =,∴DM =.∴sinDM CAD AD ∠==. (3)如图2设点Q 的坐标为2(,34)n n n -++.如果四边形ECPQ 是菱形,则0n >,//PQ y 轴,PQ PC =,点P 的坐标为(,4)n n -+.223444PQ n n n n n =-+++-=-,PC =,∴24n n -,解得4n =0n =(舍).∴点Q 的坐标为(4-,2).【点评】此题主要考查二次函数综合问题,会灵活运用待定系数法求抛物线,直线的解析式,会运用面积法,相似三角形性质求相关线段,会根据菱形性质确定顶点坐标是解题的关键.4. 在平面直角坐标系xOy 中(如图),已知抛物线2(0)y ax bx c a =++≠的图象经过点B(4,0)、D (5,3),设它与x 轴的另一个交点为A (点A 在点B 的左侧),且ABD ∆的面积是3.(1)求该抛物线的表达式;(2)求ADB ∠的正切值;(3)若抛物线与y 轴交于点C ,直线CD 交x 轴于点E ,点P 在射线AD 上,当APE ∆与ABD ∆相似时,求点P 的坐标.【分析】(1)设(,0)A m ,由ABD ∆的面积是3可求得2m =,再利用待定系数法求解可得;(2)作DF x ⊥轴,BF AD ⊥,由A ,B ,D 坐标知3DF AF ==,据此可求得AD =45DAF ∠=︒,继而可得AE BE ==,DE =,再依据正切函数的定义求解可得;(3)先求出直线AD 解析式为2y x =-,直线BD 解析式为312y x =-,直线CD 解析式为8y x =-+,①ADB APE ∆∆∽时//BD PE ,此条件下求得PE 解析式,连接直线PE 和直线AD 解析式所得方程组,解之求得点P 坐标;②ADB AEP ∆∆∽时ADB AEP ∠=∠,依据1tan tan 2ADB AEP ∠=∠=求解可得. 【解答】解:(1)设(,0)A m ,则4AB m =-,由ABD ∆的面积是3知1(4)332m -⨯=, 解得2m =,(2,0)A ∴,设抛物线解析式为(2)(4)y a x x =--,将(5,3)D 代入得:33a =,解得1a =,2(2)(4)68y x x x x ∴=--=-+;(2)如图1,过点D 作DF x ⊥轴于点F ,(2,0)A ,(4,0)B ,(5,3)D ,3DF ∴=,3AF =,则AD =45DAF ∠=︒,过点B 作BE AD ⊥于E ,则AE BE =DE ∴=1tan 2BE ADB DE ∴∠===; (3)如图2,由(2,0)A ,(5,3)D 得直线AD 解析式为2y x =-,由(4,0)B ,(5,3)D 可得直线BD 解析式为312y x =-,由(0,8)C ,(5,3)D 可得直线CD 解析式为8y x =-+,当0y =时,80x -+=,解得8x =,(8,0)E ∴,①若ADB APE ∆∆∽,则ADB APE ∠=∠,//BD PE ∴,设PE 所在直线解析式为3y x m =+,将点(8,0)E 代入得240m +=,解得24m =-,∴直线PE 解析式为324y x =+,由3242y x y x =+⎧⎨=-⎩得119x y =⎧⎨=⎩, ∴此时点(11,9)P ;②若ADB AEP ∆∆∽,则ADB AEP ∠=∠,1tan tan 2ADB AEP ∴∠=∠=, 设(,2)P n n -,过点P 作PG AE ⊥于点G ,则OG n =,2PG n =-,8GE n ∴=-,由21tan 82PG n AEP GE n -∠===-求得4n =, (4,2)P ∴;综上,(11,9)P 或(4,2).【点评】本题是二次函数的综合问题,解题的关键是掌握三角形的面积公式、待定系数法求二次函数和一次函数的解析式、一次函数和二次函数的交点问题等知识点.5. 如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,直线AB 与抛物线2y ax bx =+交于点(6,0)A 和点(1,5)B -.(1)求这条抛物线的表达式和直线AB 的表达式;(2)如果点C 在直线AB 上,且BOC ∠的正切值是32,求点C 的坐标.【分析】(1)利用待定系数法求二次函数和一次函数的解析式;(2)先说明6OA OH ==,则45OAH ∠=︒,作辅助线,根据正切值证明BOC OBE ∠=∠,作OB 的垂直平分线交AB 于C ,交OB 于F ,解法一:先根据中点坐标公式可得1(2F ,5)2-,易得直线OB 的解析式为:5y x =-,根据两直线垂直的关系可得直线FC 的解析式为:11355y x =-,列方程113655x x -=-,解出可得C 的坐标;解法二:过C 作CD x ⊥轴于D ,连接OC ,设(,6)C m m -,根据OC BC =,列方程可得结论.【解答】解:(1)把点(6,0)A 和点(1,5)B -代入抛物线2y ax bx =+得:36605a b a b +=⎧⎨+=-⎩,解得:16a b =⎧⎨=-⎩, ∴这条抛物线的表达式:26y x x =-,设直线AB 的解析式为:y kx b =+,把点(6,0)A 和点(1,5)B -代入得:605k b k b +=⎧⎨+=-⎩, 解得:16k b =⎧⎨=-⎩,则直线AB 的解析式为:6y x =-;(2)当0x =时,6y =,当0y =时,6x =,6OA OH ∴==,90AOH ∠=︒,45OAH ∴∠=︒,过B 作BG x ⊥轴于G ,则ABG ∆是等腰直角三角形,AB ∴=,过O 作OE AB ⊥于E ,1122AOH S AH OE OA OH ∆==, 266OE =⨯,OE =,BE AB AE ∴=-==Rt BOE ∆中,3tan 2OE OBE BE ∠===, BOC ∠的正切值是32, BOC OBE ∴∠=∠,作OB 的垂直平分线交AB 于C ,交OB 于F , 解法一:(1,5)B -,1(2F ∴,5)2-, 易得直线OB 的解析式为:5y x =-,设直线FC 的解析式为:15y x b =+, 把1(2F ,5)2-代入得:511252b -=⨯+,135b =-, ∴直线FC 的解析式为:11355y x =-, 113655x x -=-,174x =, 当174x =时,177644y =-=-,17(4C ∴,7)4-;解法二:过C 作CD x ⊥轴于D ,连接OC ,设(,6)C m m -,则)AC m =-,OC BC =,22(6))]m m m ∴+-=-, 174m =,17(4C ∴,7)4-.【点评】此题考查二次函数综合题,综合考查待定系数法求函数解析式,锐角三角函数的意义,等腰直角三角形的性质,画出图形,利用数形结合的思想解决问题.6. 在平面直角坐标系xOy (如图)中,抛物线22y ax bx =++经过点(4,0)A 、(2,2)B ,与y 轴的交点为C .(1)试求这个抛物线的表达式;(2)如果这个抛物线的顶点为M ,求AMC ∆的面积;(3)如果这个抛物线的对称轴与直线BC 交于点D ,点E 在线段AB 上,且45DOE ∠=︒,求点E 的坐标.【分析】(1)根据点A ,B 的坐标,利用待定系数法即可求出抛物线的表达式;(2)利用配方法可求出点M 的坐标,利用二次函数图象上点的坐标特征可求出点C 的坐标,过点M 作MH y ⊥轴,垂足为点H ,利用分割图形求面积法可得出AMC ∆的面积;(3)连接OB ,过点B 作BG x ⊥轴,垂足为点G ,则BGA ∆,OCB ∆是等腰直角三角形,进而可得出BAO DBO ∠=∠,由45DOB BOE ∠+∠=︒,45BOE EOA ∠+∠=︒可得出EOA DOB ∠=∠,进而可证出AOE BOD ∆∆∽,利用相似三角形的性质结合抛物线的对称轴为直线1x =可求出AE 的长,过点E 作EF x ⊥轴,垂足为点F ,则AEF ∆为等腰直角三角形,根据等腰直角三角形的性质可得出AF 、EF 的长,进而可得出点E 的坐标.【解答】解:(1)将(4,0)A ,(2,2)B 代入22y ax bx =++,得:164204222a b a b ++=⎧⎨++=⎩, 解得:1412a b ⎧=-⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩,(2)2211192(1)4244y x x x =-++=--+, ∴顶点M 的坐标为9(1,)4. 当0x =时,2112242y x x =-++=, ∴点C 的坐标为(0,2).过点M 作MH y ⊥轴,垂足为点H ,如图1所示. AMC AOC CHM AOHM S S S S ∆∆∆∴=--梯形,111()222HM AO OH AO OC CH MH =+--, 19119(14)42(2)124224=⨯+⨯-⨯⨯-⨯-⨯,(3)连接OB ,过点B 作BG x ⊥轴,垂足为点G ,如图2所示.点B 的坐标为(2,2),点A 的坐标为(4,0),2BG ∴=,2GA =,BGA ∴∆是等腰直角三角形, 45BAO ∴∠=︒.同理,可得:45BOA ∠=︒. 点C 的坐标为(2,0),2BC ∴=,2OC =,OCB ∴∆是等腰直角三角形,45DBO ∴∠=︒,BO =,BAO DBO ∴∠=∠.45DOE ∠=︒,45DOB BOE ∴∠+∠=︒.45BOE EOA ∠+∠=︒,EOA DOB ∴∠=∠,AOE BOD ∴∆∆∽,∴AE AO BD BO =. 抛物线211242y x x =-++的对称轴是直线1x =, ∴点D 的坐标为(1,2),1BD ∴=,∴1AE =,AE ∴=过点E 作EF x ⊥轴,垂足为点F ,则AEF ∆为等腰直角三角形,1EF AF ∴==,∴点E 的坐标为(3,1).【点评】本题考查了待定系数法求二次函数解析式、二次函数图象上点的坐标特征、二次函数的性质、三角形(梯形)的面积、相似三角形的判定与性质以及等腰直角三角形,解题的关键是:(1)根据点的坐标,利用待定系数法求出二次函数表达式;(2)利用分割图形求面积法结合三角形、梯形的面积公式,求出AMC的面积;(3)通过构造相似三角形,利用相似三角形的性质求出AE的长度.7. 在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,抛物线2(0)y ax bx c a =++≠与y 轴交于点(0,2)C ,它的顶点为(1,)D m ,且1tan 3COD ∠=. (1)求m 的值及抛物线的表达式;(2)将此抛物线向上平移后与x 轴正半轴交于点A ,与y 轴交于点B ,且OA OB =.若点A 是由原抛物线上的点E 平移所得,求点E 的坐标;(3)在(2)的条件下,点P 是抛物线对称轴上的一点(位于x 轴上方),且45APB ∠=︒.求P 点的坐标.【分析】(1)顶点为(1,)D m ,且1tan 3COD ∠=,则3m =,则抛物线的表达式为:2(1)3y a x =-+,即可求解;(2)设:抛物线向上平移n 个单位,则函数表达式为:222y x x n =-+++,求出OA 、OB ,即可求解;(3)过点B 、A 分别作x 轴、y 轴的平行线交于点G ,3OA OB ==,则过点G 作圆G ,圆与x 、y 轴均相切,1452BPA BOA ∠=︒=∠,故点P 在圆G 上,即可求解. 【解答】解:(1)顶点为(1,)D m ,且1tan 3COD ∠=,则3m =, 则抛物线的表达式为:2(1)3y a x =-+,即:32a +=,解得:1a =-,故抛物线的表达式为:222y x x =-++;(2)设:抛物线向上平移n 个单位,则函数表达式为:222y x x n =-+++,令0y =,则1x =0x =,则2y n =+,OA OB =,12n ∴+=+,解得:1n =或2-(舍去2)-,则点A 的坐标为(3,0),故点(3,1)E -;(3)过点B 、A 分别作x 轴、y 轴的平行线交于点G ,3OA OB ==,则过点G 作圆G ,圆与x 、y 轴均相切, 1452BPA BOA ∠=︒=∠,故点P 在圆G 上, 过点P 作PF x ⊥轴交BG 于点E ,交x 轴于点F ,则四边形AGEF 为边长为3的正方形,则:333PF EF PE =+=++=+【点评】本题考查了二次函数的综合题,涉及到一次函数、圆的基本等知识点,其中(3),构建圆G 是本题的突破点,本题有一点难度.8. 如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,抛物线23(0)y ax bx a =+-≠与x 轴交于点(1,0)A -和点B ,且3OB OA =,与y 轴交于点C ,此抛物线顶点为点D .(1)求抛物线的表达式及点D 的坐标;(2)如果点E 是y 轴上的一点(点E 与点C 不重合),当BE DE ⊥时,求点E 的坐标;(3)如果点F 是抛物线上的一点.且135FBD ∠=︒,求点F 的坐标.【分析】(1)把点A 、B 的坐标代入二次函数表达式,即可求解;(2)设:OE m =,则4EL m =-,3OB =,1DL =,利用LED OBE ∠=∠,即可求解;(3)延长BD 交y 轴于点H ,将BCH ∆围绕点B 顺时针旋转135︒至△BC H ''的位置,延长BH '交抛物线于点F .确定直线BH '的表达式,即可求解.【解答】解:(1)33OB OA ==,则点B 的坐标为(3,0),将点A 、B 的坐标代入二次函数表达式得:0093a b c a b c =-+⎧⎨=++⎩,解得:12a b =⎧⎨=-⎩, 则抛物线的表达式为:223y x x =--⋯①函数对称轴为12b x a=-=,则点D 的坐标为(1,4)-; (2)如图,过点D 作DL y ⊥轴,交于点E ,设:OE m =,则4EL m =-,3OB =,1DL =,90LED OEB ∠+∠=︒,90OEB OBE ∠+∠=︒,LED OBE ∴∠=∠,tan tan LED OBE ∴∠=∠,即:OE LD OB EL =,134m m=-, 解得:1m =或3(舍去3)x =,则点E 的坐标为(0,1)-;(3)延长BD 交y 轴于点H ,将BCH ∆围绕点B ,顺时针旋转135︒至△BC H ''的位置,延长BH '交抛物线于点F ,3OB OC ==,45OCB OBC ∴∠=∠=︒,则135FBD ∠=︒,BC x '⊥轴,则点(3C ',,18045135H C B HCB ∠''=∠=︒-︒=︒,4tan 22D D y ABD OB x -∠===-, tan 236OH OB ABD =∠=⨯=,则:633HC H C =-=='',过点C '作C G GH '⊥'交于点G ,在BGH ∆'中,cos45GC H C GH '=''︒=', 则点H '的坐标为(3,将点H '、B 的坐标代入一次函数表达式y kx b =+得:03(3k b k b =+⎧=+,解得:39k b =-⎧⎨=⎩, 则直线BH '的表达式为:39y x =-+⋯②,联立①②并解得:3x =或4(3x -=舍去),故点F 的坐标为(4,21)-.【点评】本题考查的是二次函数综合运用,涉及到解直角三角形、图形旋转等知识,其中(3)用图形旋转的方法,确定旋转后图形的位置时本题的难点.9. 如图,在直角坐标平面内,抛物线经过原点O 、点(1,3)B ,又与x 轴正半轴相交于点A ,45BAO ∠=︒,点P 是线段AB 上的一点,过点P 作//PM OB ,与抛物线交于点M ,且点M 在第一象限内.(1)求抛物线的表达式;(2)若BMP AOB ∠=∠,求点P 的坐标;(3)过点M 作MC x ⊥轴,分别交直线AB 、x 轴于点N 、C ,若ANC ∆的面积等于PMN ∆的面积的2倍,求MN NC的值.【分析】(1)过点B 作BH x ⊥轴,垂足为点H ,根据等腰直角三角形的性质可求点(4,0)A ,用待定系数法可求抛物线的表达式;(2)根据平行线的性质可得//BM OA ,可求点M 坐标,用待定系数法可求直线BO ,直线AB ,直线PM 的解析式,即可求点P 坐标;(3)延长MP 交x 轴于点D ,作PG MN ⊥于点G ,根据等腰直角三角形的性质可得AC CN =,PG NG =,根据锐角三角函数可得tan 3tan MG BOA MPG PG ∠==∠=,可得33MG PG NG ==,根据面积关系可求MN NC的值. 【解答】解:(1)如图,过点B 作BH x ⊥轴,垂足为点H ,点(1,3)B3BH ∴=,1OH =,45BAO ∠=︒,90BHA ∠=︒3AH BH ∴==, 4OA ∴= ∴点(4,0)A抛物线过原点O 、点A 、B ,∴设抛物线的表达式为2(0)y ax bx a =+≠∴01643a b a b =+⎧⎨+=⎩解得:1a =-,4b =∴抛物的线表达式为:24y x x =-+(2)如图,//PM OB180PMB OBM ∴∠+∠=︒,且BMP AOB ∠=∠, 180AOB OBM ∴∠+∠=︒ //BM OA ∴,设点(,3)M m ,且点M 在抛物线24y x x =-+上, 234m m ∴=-+,1m ∴=(舍去),3m = ∴点(3,3)M ,点(0,0)O ,点(4,0)A ,点(1,3)B∴直线OB 解析式为3y x =, 直线AB 解析式为4y x =-+,//PM OB ,∴设PM 解析式为3y x n =+,且过点(3,3)M 333n ∴=⨯+, 6n ∴=-PM ∴解析式为36y x =- ∴364y x y x =-⎧⎨=-+⎩ 解得:52x =,32y = ∴点5(2P ,3)2(3)如图,延长MP 交x 轴于点D ,作PG MN ⊥于点G ,PG MN ⊥,MC AD ⊥//PG AD ∴MPG MDC ∴∠=∠,45GPN BAO ∠=∠=︒, 又90PGC ∠=︒,90ACG ∠=︒, AC CN ∴=,PG NG =,//PM OB ,BOA MDC ∴∠=∠, MPG BOA ∴∠=∠点B 坐标(1,3)tan 3tan MGBOA MPG PG∴∠==∠=33MG PG NG ∴==, 4MN PG ∴=, ANC ∆的面积等于PMN ∆的面积的2倍,∴11222AC NC MN PG ⨯⨯=⨯⨯⨯,2211242NC MN MN MN ∴=⨯⨯=,∴MNNC【点评】本题是二次函数综合题,考查了待定系数法可求函数解析式,平行线的性质,锐角三角函数等知识,正确作出辅助线是解题的关键.10. 如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,二次函数26(y ax bx a =++、b 都是常数,且0)a <的图象与x 轴交于点(2,0)A -、(6,0)B ,顶点为点C . (1)求这个二次函数的解析式及点C 的坐标;(2)过点B 的直线132y x =-+交抛物线的对称轴于点D ,联结BC ,求CBD ∠的余切值;(3)点P 为抛物线上一个动点,当PBA CBD ∠=∠时,求点P 的坐标.【分析】(1)由点A ,B 的坐标,利用待定系数法即可求出二次函数的解析式,再利用配发法即可求出顶点C 的坐标;(2)利用一次函数图象上点的坐标特征可求出点D 的坐标,过点D 作DE BC ⊥,垂足为点E ,设抛物线对称轴与x 轴的交点为点F ,由点B ,C ,D ,F 的坐标可得出CD ,DF ,BF 的长,利用勾股定理可得出BC 的长,利用角的正切值不变可求出DE 的长,进而可求出BE 的长,再利用余切的定义即可求出CBD ∠的余切值;(3)设直线PB 与y 轴交于点M ,由PBA CBD ∠=∠及CBD ∠的余切值可求出OM 的长,进而可得出点M 的坐标,由点B ,M 的坐标,利用待定系数法即可求出直线BP 的解析式,联立直线BP 及二次函数解析式成方程组,通过解方程组可求出点P 的坐标. 【解答】解:(1)将(2,0)A -,(6,0)B 代入26y ax bx =++,得:426036660a b a b -+=⎧⎨++=⎩,解得:122a b ⎧=-⎪⎨⎪=⎩,∴二次函数的解析式为21262y x x =-++.221126(2)822y x x x=-++=--+,∴点C 的坐标为(2,8).(2)当2x=时,1322y x=-+=,∴点D的坐标为(2,2).过点D作DE BC⊥,垂足为点E,设抛物线对称轴与x轴的交点为点F,如图1所示.抛物线的顶点坐标为(2,8),∴点F的坐标为(2,0).点B的坐标为(6,0),8CF∴=,6CD=,2DF=,4BF=,BC=,BD=sinBF DEBCFBC CD∴∠==6DE=,DE∴=,BE∴==,4cot3BECBDDE∴∠===.(3)设直线PB与y轴交于点M,如图2所示.PBA CBD∠=∠,4cot3OBPBAOM∴∠==,即643OM=,92OM∴=,∴点M的坐标为9(0,)2或9(0,)2-.设直线BP的解析式为(0)y mx n m=+≠,将(6,0)B,9(0,)2M代入y mx n=+,得:6092m nn+=⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩,解得:3492mn⎧=-⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩,∴直线BP的解析式为3942y x=-+.同理,当点M 的坐标为9(0,)2-时,直线BP 的解析式为3942y x =-.联立直线BP 与抛物线的解析式成方程组,得:239421262y x y x x ⎧=-+⎪⎪⎨⎪=-++⎪⎩或239421262y x y x x ⎧=-⎪⎪⎨⎪=-++⎪⎩, 解得:1112398x y ⎧=-⎪⎪⎨⎪=⎪⎩,2260x y =⎧⎨=⎩或1172578x y ⎧=-⎪⎪⎨⎪=-⎪⎩,2260x y =⎧⎨=⎩, ∴点P 的坐标为1(2-,39)8或7(2-,57)8-.【点评】本题考查了待定系数法求二次函数解析式、二次函数的性质、一次函数图象上点的坐标特征、解直角三角形、余切的定义、待定系数法求一次函数解析式以及二次函数图象上点的坐标特征,解题的关键是:(1)由点的坐标,利用待定系数法求出二次函数解析式;(2)构造直角三角形,利用余切的定义求出CBD ∠的余切值;(3)联立直线BP 和抛物线的解析式成方程组,通过解方程组求出点P 的坐标.11. 已知抛物线2y x bx c =++经过点(0,6)A ,点(1,3)B ,直线1:(0)l y kx k =≠,直线2:2l y x =--,直线1l 经过抛物线2y x bx c =++的顶点P ,且1l 与2l 相交于点C ,直线2l 与x 轴、y 轴分别交于点D 、E .若把抛物线上下平移,使抛物线的顶点在直线2l 上(此时抛物线的顶点记为)M ,再把抛物线左右平移,使抛物线的顶点在直线1l 上(此时抛物线的顶点记为)N .(1)求抛物线2y x bx c =++的解析式.(2)判断以点N 为圆心,半径长为4的圆与直线2l 的位置关系,并说明理由. (3)设点F 、H 在直线1l 上(点H 在点F 的下方),当MHF ∆与OAB ∆相似时,求点F 、H 的坐标(直接写出结果).【分析】(1)把点A 、B 坐标代入2y x bx c =++,即可求解; (2)求而出点N 、点C 的坐标,计算NC 得长度即可求解;(3)分点F 在直线2l 下方、点F 在直线2l 上方两种情况,求解即可.【解答】解:(1)把点A 、B 坐标代入2y x bx c =++得:631c b c =⎧⎨=++⎩,解得:46b c =-⎧⎨=⎩, 则抛物线的表达式为:246y x x =-+;(2)2246(2)2y x x x =-+=-+,故顶点坐标为(2,2),把点P 坐标代入直线1l 表达式得:22k =,即1k =, ∴直线1l 表达式为:y x =,设:点(2,)M m 代入直线2l 的表达式得:4m =-, 即点M 的坐标为(2,4)-,设:点(,4)N n -代入直线1l 表达式得:4n =-, 则点N 坐标为(4,4)--,同理得:点D 、E 的坐标分别为(2,0)-、(0,2)-、联立1l 、2l 得2y x y x =⎧⎨=--⎩,解得:11x y =-⎧⎨=-⎩,即:点C 的坐标为(1,1)--,OC ∴==CE OC ==,点C 在直线y x =上,45COE OEC ∴∠=∠=︒,90OCE ∴∠=︒,即:2NC l ⊥,4NC >,∴以点N 为圆心,半径长为4的圆与直线2l 相离; (3)①当点F 在直线2l 下方时,设:OBK α∠=,点A 、B 的坐标分别为(0,6),(1,3),则6AO =,AB BO ==,过点B 作BL y ⊥轴交于点L ,则1tan3OAB ∠=,sin OAB ∠=sin OK AO OAB =∠=3sin 5OK OB α==,等腰MHF ∆和等腰OAB ∆相似,HFM ABO ∴∠=∠,则KBO OFM α∠=∠=, 点C 、M 的坐标分别为(1,1)--、(2,4)-,则CM =,sin CMFM α==CF =OF OC FC =+=F 的坐标为(5,5)--,FH FM ==OH OF FH =+=H 的坐标为(10,10)--; ②当点F 在直线2l 上方时,同理可得点F 的坐标为(8,8),点H 的坐标为(3,3)或(10,10)-;故:点F 、H 的坐标分别为(5,5)--、(10,10)--或(8,8)、(3,3)或(8,8)、(10,10)--. 【点评】本题考查的是二次函数综合运用,难点在(3),利用等腰三角形相似得出KBO OFM α∠=∠=,再利用解直角三角形的方法求线段的长度,从而求解.12. 如图,已知:二次函数2y x bx =+的图象交x 轴正半轴于点A ,顶点为P ,一次函数132y x =-的图象交x 轴于点B ,交y 轴于点C ,OCA ∠的正切值为23. (1)求二次函数的解析式与顶点P 坐标;(2)将二次函数图象向下平移m 个单位,设平移后抛物线顶点为P ',若ABP BCP S S ∆∆=,求m 的值.【分析】(1)先由直线解析式求出点B ,C 坐标,利用OCA ∠正切值求得点A 坐标,再利用待定系数法求解可得;(2)由平移知点P '坐标为(1,1)m --,设抛物线对称轴与x 轴交于点H ,与BC 交于点M,知5(1,)2M -,先得出12(1)2ABP S AB P H m ∆'='=+,133||22BCP P MCP MBS SSP M OB m ∆'''=+='=-,根据ABP BCP S S ∆∆=列出方程求解可得. 【解答】解:(1)132y x =-, 0x ∴=时,3y =-,当0y =时,1302x -=,解得6x =,∴点(6,0)B ,(0,3)C -,2tan 3OA OCA OC ∠==, 2OA ∴=,即(2,0)A ,将(2,0)A 代入2y x bx =+,得420b +=,解得2b =-,222(1)1y x x x ∴=-=--,。
上海市2019届初三数学一模提升题汇编第24题(二次函数综合)(word版含答案)
2019届一模提升题汇编第24题(二次函数综合)【2019届一模徐汇】24.(本题满分12分,第(1)小题4分,第(2)小题4分,第(3)小题4分)如图,在平面直角坐标系xoy 中,顶点为M 的抛物线C 1:2(0)y ax bx a =+<经过点A 和x 轴上的点B ,AO =OB =2,120AOB ∠=o .(1)求该抛物线的表达式; (2)联结AM ,求AOM S V ;(3)将抛物线C 1向上平移得到抛物线C 2,抛物线C 2与x 轴分别交于点E 、F (点E 在点F 的左侧),如果△MBF 与△AOM 相似,求所有符合条件的抛物线C 2的表达式.【24.解:(1)过A 作AH ⊥x 轴,垂足为H ,∵OB=2,∴B (2,0)………………………………(1分) ∵120AOB ∠=︒∴60,30AOH HAO ∠=︒∠=︒.(第24题图)∵抛物线21:C y ax bx A B =+经过点、,∴MBF 150∠=︒.由抛物线的轴对称性得:MO=MB , ∴MBO MOB=150∠=∠︒. ∵OB=120A ∠︒,∴OM=150A ∠︒∴OM=MBF A ∠∠.【2019届一模浦东】24. (本题满分12分,其中每小题各4分)已知:如图9,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,直线12y x b =-+与x 轴相交于点A ,与y轴相交于点B . 抛物线244y ax ax =-+经过点A 和点B ,并与x 轴相交于另一点C ,对称轴与x 轴相交于点D .(1)求抛物线的表达式;(2)求证: △BOD ∽△AOB ;(3)如果点P 在线段AB 上,且∠BCP =∠DBO , 求点P 的坐标.【2019届一模杨浦】24.(本题满分12分,每小题各4分)在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,抛物线2(0)y ax bx c a =++?与y 轴交于点C (0,2),它的顶点为D (1,m ),且1tan 3COD ?. (1)求m 的值及抛物线的表达式;(2)将此抛物线向上平移后与x 轴正半轴交于点A ,与y 轴交于点B ,且OA =OB .若点A 是由原抛物线上的点E 平移所得,求点E 的坐标;Oxy 1 2 3 412 3 4 5 -1 -2 -3-1 -2 -3 (第24题图)求P 点的坐标.【24.解:(1)作DH ⊥y 轴,垂足为H ,∵D (1,m )(0m >),∴DH = m ,HO =1.∴抛物线2y ax bx c =++的顶点为D (1,3).又∵抛物线2y ax bx c =++与y 轴交于点C (0,2),(2)∵将此抛物线向上平移,∴设平移后的抛物线表达式为222(0)y x x k k =-+++>,. .................. (1分)则它与y 轴交点B (0,2+k ).∵平移后的抛物线与x 轴正半轴交于点A ,且OA =OB ,∴A 点的坐标为(2+k ,0). .(1分)∴20(2)2(2)2k k k =-+++++.∴122,1k k =-=.∵0k >,∴1k =.∴A (3,0),抛物线222y x x =-++向上平移了1个单位. . .................. (1分)∵A (3,0),B (0, 3),∴∠OAB =45°, ∴∠AMH =45°. ∵∠BMP =∠AMH , ∴∠BMP =45°. ∵∠APB =45°, ∴∠BMP =∠APB .∵∠B =∠B ,∴△BMP ∽△BP A . .................... (2分)【2019届一模普陀】24.(本题满分12分)如图10,在平面直角坐标系中,抛物线23y ax bx =+-(0)a ≠与x 轴交于点A ()1,0-和点B ,且3OB OA =,与y 轴交于点C ,此抛物线顶点为点D .(1)求抛物线的表达式及点D 的坐标;xOy(2)如果点E 是y 轴上的一点(点E 与点C 不重合),当BE DE ⊥时,求点E 的坐标;(3)如果点F 是抛物线上的一点,且135FBD ∠=,求点F 的坐标.【24.解:(1)∵抛物线与x 轴交于点A ()1,0-和点,且3OB OA =,∴点的坐标是()3,0. ······················ (1分)解法一:由抛物线23y ax bx =+-经过点()1,0-和()3,0.B B 图10得03,093 3.a b a b =--⎧⎨=+-⎩ 解得1,2.a b =⎧⎨=-⎩ ·················· (1分)∴抛物线的表达式是223y x x =--. ··············· (1分) 点D 的坐标是()1,4-. ······················ (1分)解法二:由抛物线23y ax bx =+-经过点()1,0-和()3,0.可设抛物线的表达式为(1)(3)y a x x =+-, 由抛物线与y 轴的交点C 的坐标是()0,3-,得3(01)(03)a -=+-,解得1a =. ·················· (1分) ∴抛物线的表达式是223y x x =--. ················ (1分) 点D 的坐标是()1,4-. ······················ (1分) (2)过点D 作DH OC ⊥,H 为垂足.∴90DHO ∠=.∴90DEH EDH ∠+∠=. ∵BE DE ⊥,∴90DEH BEO ∠+∠=. ∴BEO EDH ∠=∠.又∵BOE EHD ∠=∠,∴△BOE ∽△EHD . ·············(1分) ∵点D 的坐标是()1,4-,∴1DH =,4OH =.∵点的坐标是()3,0,∴3OB =.B∴1OE =或3OE =. ························ (1分) ∵点E 与点C 不重合,∴1OE =.∴点E 的坐标是()0,1-. ······················ (1分) (3)过点F 作FG x ⊥轴,G 为垂足.作45DBM ∠=,由第(2)题可得,点M 与点E 重合. ∵1OE =,1DH =,∴OE DH =. 可得△BOE ≌△EHD . ∴BE ED =. ∵90BED ∠=,∴45DBE ∠=. ∵135FBD ∠=,∴90FBE ∠=. ·························· (1分) ∴OBE GFB ∠=∠.∴在Rt △BOE 中,90BOE ∠=,∴cot 3OBE ∠=∴cot 3GFB ∠=. ··· (1分) ∴3FG BG =.设点F 点的坐标为()2,23m m m --. ∴223FG m m =--,3BG m =-.∴2233(3)m m m --=-. ····················· (1分) 解得3m =,4m =-.∵3m =不合题意舍去,∴4m =-. 点F 的坐标是()4,21-. (1分)】【2019届一模奉贤】24.(本题满分12分,每小题满分6分)如图10,在平面直角坐标系中,直线AB 与抛物线2y ax bx =+交于点A (6,0)和点B (1,-5).(1)求这条抛物线的表达式和直线AB 的表达式; (2)如果点C 在直线AB 上,且∠BOC 的正切值是32, 求点C 的坐标.【24.解:(1)由题意得,抛物线2y ax bx =+经过点A (6,0)和点B (1,-5),代入得3660,5.a b a b ì+=ïïíï+=-ïî 解得 1,6.a b ì=ïïíï=-ïî ∴抛物线的表达式是26y x x =-. (4分) 由题意得,设直线AB 的表达式为y kx b =+,它经过点A (6,0)和点B (1,-5),代入得60,5.k b k b ì+=ïïíï+=-ïî 解得 1,6.k b ì=ïïíï=-ïî∴直线AB 的表达式是6y x =-. (2分) (2)过点O 作OH AB ^,垂足为点H .设直线AB 与y 轴交点为点D ,则点D 坐标为()0,6-.xOy 图10ABxyo①当点C 在点B 上方时,BOCCBO ??.∴CO CB =.--------------------------------------------------------------------(2分)②当点C 在点B 下方,BOC CBO ??时,OC //AB . 点C 不在直线AB 上. · (1分)【2019届一模松江】24.(本题满分12分,第(1)小题3分,第(2)小题4分,第(3)小题5分)如图,抛物线c bx x y ++-=221经过点A (﹣2,0),点B (0,4). (1)求这条抛物线的表达式;(2)P 是抛物线对称轴上的点,联结AB 、PB ,如果∠PBO=∠BAO ,求点P 的坐标;(第24题图)y xOBADE ∥x 轴交新抛物线于点E ,射线EO 交新抛物线于点F ,如果EO =2OF ,求m 的值.【24.解:(1)∵抛物线经过点A (﹣2,0),点B (0,4)∴⎩⎨⎧==+--4022c c b …………(1分), 解得14b c =⎧⎨=⎩………………………(1分)(第24题图)y xO BA ED FH∵∠PBO =∠BAO ,∴tan ∠PBO =tan ∠BAO ,则()0,4D m -,()2,4E m -,DE =2……………………(1分) 过点F 作FH ⊥y 轴,垂足为H ,∵DE ∥FH ,EO =2OF∴综上所述m 的值为3或5.】【2019届一模嘉定】24.(本题满分12分,每小题4分)在平面直角坐标系xOy (如图7)中,抛物线22++=bx ax y 经过点)0,4(A 、)2,2(B ,与y 轴的交点为C .(1)试求这个抛物线的表达式;(2)如果这个抛物线的顶点为M ,求△AMC 的面积; (3)如果这个抛物线的对称轴与直线BC 交于点D ,点E 在线段AB 上,且︒=∠45DOE ,求点E 的坐标.【24. 解:(1)∵抛物线22++=bx ax y 点经过)0,4(A 、)2,2(B∴⎩⎨⎧=++=++222402416b a b a ……………………1分图7O 11 xy-1 -1∴点C 的坐标为)0,2(, ……………………1分 过点M 作y MH ⊥轴,垂足为点H∴AOC MHC AOHM AMC S S S S ∆∆∆--= …………1分(3)联结OB过点B 作x BG ⊥轴,垂足为点G∵点B 的坐标为)2,2(,点A 的坐标为)0,4(∴2=BG ,2=GA ∴△BGA 是等腰直角三角形∴︒=∠45BAO 同理:︒=∠45BOA∵点C 的坐标为)0,2(∴2=BC ,2=OC 由题意得,△OCB 是等腰直角三角形∴DBO BAO ∠=∠∵︒=∠45DOE ∴︒=∠+∠45BOE DOB ∵︒=∠+∠45EOA BOE ∴DOB EOA ∠=∠ ∴△AOE ∽△BOD∴点D 的坐标为)2,1(∴1=BD …………1分过点E 作x EF ⊥轴,垂足为点F 易得,△AFE 是等腰直角三角形 ∴1==AF EF∴点E 的坐标为)1,3( …………1分】【2019届一模青浦】24.(本题满分12分, 其中第(1)小题3分,第(2)小题5分,第(3)小题4分)在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,将抛物线2y x =-平移后经过点A (-1,0)、B (4,0),且平移后的抛物线与y 轴交于点C (如图). (1)求平移后的抛物线的表达式;(2)如果点D 在线段CB 上,且CD,求∠CAD 的正弦值;(3)点E 在y 轴上且位于点C 的上方,点P 在直线BC 上,点Q 在平移后的抛物线上,如果四边形ECPQ 是菱形,求点Q 的坐标.【24.解:(1)设平移后的抛物线的解析式为2+=-+y x bx c . ········ (1分)(第24题图) (备用图)将A (-1,0)、B (4,0),代入得101640.,--+=⎧⎨-++=⎩b c b c ···················· (1分) 解得:34.,=⎧⎨=⎩b c所以,2+34=-+y x x . ··················· (1分)(2)∵2+34=-+y x x ,∴点C 的坐标为(0,4) ············· (1分).设直线BC 的解析式为y = kx +4,将B (4,0),代入得kx +4=0,解得k =-1, ∴y = -x +4.设点D 的坐标为(m ,4- m ).∴点D 的坐标为(1,3). ····················· (1分) 过点D 作DM ⊥AC ,过点B 作BN ⊥AC ,垂足分别为点M 、N .(3)设点Q 的坐标为(n ,2+34-+n n ).如果四边形ECPQ 是菱形,则0>n ,PQ ∥y 轴,PQ =PC ,点P 的坐标为(n ,4-+n ).【2019届一模静安】24.(本题满分12分,其中第(1)小题4分,第(2)小题3分,第(3)小题5分) 在平面直角坐标系xOy 中(如图10),已知抛物线2(0)y ax bx c a =++≠的图像经过点(40)B ,、(53)D ,,设它与x 轴的另一个交点为A (点A 在点B 的左侧),且ABD ∆的面积是3.(1)求该抛物线的表达式; (2)求ADB ∠的正切值;(3)若抛物线与y 轴交于点C ,直线CD 交x 轴于点E ,点P 在射线AD 上,当APE ∆与 ABD ∆相似时,求点P 的坐标.【24.解:(1)过点D 作DH ⊥x 轴,交x 轴于点H . ∴2AB =. ··························· (1分)BD O图10xy﹒﹒∵(4,0)B ,点A 在点B 的左侧,∴(2,0)A . ··························· (1分) 把(2,0)A ,(4,0)B ,(5,3)D 分别代入2y ax bx c =++,得04201643255a b c a b c a b c=++⎧⎪=++⎨⎪=++⎩解得168a b c =⎧⎪=-⎨⎪=⎩ . ················· (1分)∴抛物线解析式是268y x x =-+. ················· (1分) (2)过点B 作BG AD ⊥,交AD 于点G . ·············· (1分) 由(2,0)A ,(5,0)H ,(5,3)D ,得ADH ∆是等腰直角三角形,且45HAD ∠=(3)∵抛物线268y x x =-+与y 轴交于点(0,8)C ,又(5,3)D , ∴直线CD 的解析式为8y x =-+,∴(8,0)E . ··························· (1分) ①_x0001_ 当点P 在线段AD 上时,APE ∆∽ABD ∆,点,,A P E 分别与点,,A B D 对应,则∴2AQ PQ ==,即(4,2)P . ····················(1分) ②当点P 在线段AD 延长线上时,APE ADB ∠=∠,∴EP //DB过点P 作PR x ⊥轴于点R ,∴9AR PR ==, ························ (1分) 即(11,9)P . ·························· (1分) ∴APE ∆与ABD ∆相似时,点P 的坐标为 (4,2)或 (11,9).】【2019届一模宝山】24.(本题满分12分,第(1)小题满分6分,第(2)小题满分6分)如图9,已知:二次函数的图像交x 轴正半轴于点A ,顶点为P ,一次函数的图像交x 轴于点B ,交y 轴于点C , ∠OCA 的正切值为. (1)求二次函数的解析式与顶点P 坐标;(2)将二次函数图像向下平移m 个单位,求m 的值.【 24.(本题满分12分,每小题满分各6分)解:(1)∵一次函数y =图像与y 轴交于点C ∴C (0,-3)… …1分2y x bx =+132y x =-2(图9)∴A 的坐标(2,0) (1)分 把A 的坐标(2,0)代入得..................... (1)分 ∴二次函数解析式是,顶点P 坐标(1,-1)…… ……2分 (2)设点P ′坐标(1,-1-m ),根据题意可知m >0 ……………………………1分【2019届一模长宁】24.(本题满分12分,每小题4分)如图,在直角坐标平面内,抛物线经过原点O 、点)3,1(B ,又与x 轴正半轴相交于点A ,︒=∠45BAO ,点P 是线段AB 上的一点,过点P 作OB PM //,与抛物线交于点M ,且点M 在第一象限内. (1)求抛物线的表达式;(2)若AOB BMP ∠=∠,求点P 的坐标;(3)过点M 作x MC ⊥轴,分别交直线AB 、x 轴于点N 、C ,若ANC ∆的面积等于PMN ∆的面积的2倍,求NCMN 的值.bx x y +=22-=b x x y 2-2=【24.(本题满分12分,每小题4分)解:(1)过点B 作BH ⊥x 轴,垂足为点H , ∵)3,1(B ∴3,1==BH OH∵,90︒=∠BHA ︒=∠45BAO ∴3==BH AH ,4=OA∴)0,4(A (2分)∵抛物线过原点O 、点A 、B ∴设抛物线的表达式为)0(2≠+=a bx ax y⎩⎨⎧=+=+04163b a b a ∴ ⎩⎨⎧=-=41b a (1分)∴抛物的线表达式为x x y 42+-= (1分) (2)∵OB PM //∴BPM OBA ∠=∠ 又∵AOB BMP ∠=∠∴BPM ∆∽ABO ∆ ∴OAB MBP ∠=∠ ∴OA BM //∴设)3,(x M ∵M 在抛物线x x y 42+-=上 ∴ )3,3(M (2分)∵直线OB 经过点)0,0(O 、)3,1(B ∴ 直线OB 的表达式为x y 3=第24题图∵OB PM //且直线PM 过点)3,3(M ∴ 直线PM 的表达式为63-=x y∵直线AB 经过点)0,4(A 、)3,1(B ∴ 直线AB 的表达式为4+-=x y(2) 延长MP 交x 轴于点D ,作MN PG ⊥,垂足为点G ∴AD PG // ∴MDC MPG ∠=∠,︒=∠=∠45BAO GPN ∵BO PM// ∴BOA MDC ∠=∠ ∴BOA MPG ∠=∠ 设t PG =,则t MG 3= ∵︒=∠90PGN ,︒=∠45GPN【2019届一模金山】24.已知抛物线c bx x y ++=2经过点()6,0A ,点()3,1B ,直线1l :()0≠=k kx y ,直线2l :2--=x y ,直线1l 经过抛物线c bx x y ++=2的顶点P ,且1l 与2l 相交于点C ,直线2l 与x 轴、y 轴分别交于点D 、E .若把抛物线上下平移,使抛物线的顶点在直线2l 上(此时抛物线的顶点记为M ),再把抛物线左右平移,使抛物线的顶点在直线1l 上(此时抛物线的顶点记为N ).(1)求抛物线c bx x y ++=2的解析式.(2)判断以点N 为圆心,半径长为4的圆与直线2l 的位置关系,并说明理由.(3)设点F 、H 在直线1l 上(点H 在点F 的下方),当MHF ∆与OAB ∆相似时,求点F 、H 的坐标(直接写出结果). 【24.解:(1)把点()6,0A 、()3,1B 代入c bx x y ++=2得631=⎧⎨=++⎩cb c, (2分)解得,46=-⎧⎨=⎩b c ,(1分) ∴抛物线的解析式为642+-=x x y .(1分)(2)由642+-=x x y 得()222+-=x y ,∴顶点P 的坐标为()2,2P , (1分)把()2,2P 代入1l 得k 22=解得1=k ,∴直线1l 解析式为x y =,设点()m M ,2,代入2l 得4-=m ,∴得()42-,M , 设点()4,-n N ,代入1l 得4-=n ,∴得()44--,N , 由于直线2l 与x 轴、y 轴分别交于点D 、E第24题∴易得()0,2-D 、()20.-E ,∴CE OC =,∵点C 在直线x y =上,∴45=∠COE ,∴ 45=∠OEC ,904545180=--=∠OCE 即2l NC ⊥, (1分)∴以点N 为圆心,半径长为4的圆与直线2l 相离. (1分)(3)点H 、F 的坐标分别为()8,8F 、()10,10--H 或()8,8F 、()3,3H 或()5,5--F 、()10,10--H .(对1个得2分,对2个得3分,对,3个得4分)】【2019届一模闵行】24.(本题共3小题,每小题4分,满分12分)已知:在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,抛物线2y a x b x =+经过点A (5,0)、B (-3,4),抛物线的对称轴与x 轴相交于点D . (1)求抛物线的表达式;(2)联结OB 、BD .求∠BDO 的余切值;(3)如果点P 在线段BO 的延长线上,且∠P AO =∠BAO ,求点P 的坐标.xyO【24.解:(1)∵ 抛物线2y a x b x =+经过点A (5,0)、B (-3,4),∴ 2550,93 4.a b a b +=⎧⎨-=⎩……………………………………………………(2分)过点B 作BC ⊥x 轴,垂足为点C .(3)设点P (m ,n ).过点P 作PQ ⊥x 轴,垂足为点Q .则 PQ = -n ,OQ = m ,AQ = 5 – m .即得 25m n -=. ①………………………………………………(1分) 由 BC ⊥x 轴,PQ ⊥x 轴,得 ∠BCO =∠PQA = 90°. ∴ BC // PQ .【2019届一模虹口】24.(本题满分12分,第(1)小题满分4分,第(2)小题满分4分,第(3)小题满分4分)如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,抛物线2y x bx c =-++与x 轴相交于原点O 和点B (4,0),点A (3,m )在抛物线上.(1)求抛物线的表达式,并写出它的对称轴; (2)求tan ∠OAB 的值;(3)点D 在抛物线的对称轴上,如果∠BAD =45°,求点D 的坐标.OAy第24题图xB【24.解:(1) 把O (0,0)和B (4,0)代入2y x bx c =-++ 0;0164.c b c =⎧⎨=-++⎩ 解得4;0.b c =⎧⎨=⎩ …………………………………………(2分)∴抛物线的表达式为24y x x =-+ …………………………………………(1分) ∴对称轴为直线x =2………………………………………………………………(1分)(2)∵点A (3,m )在抛物线上 ∴m =3∴点A (3,3)………………………………………………………………………(1分) 过点A 作AP ⊥x 轴,垂足为点P过点B 作BQ ⊥AO ,垂足为点Q∵OP =AP ∴∠AOB =45°(3)设射线AD 交x 轴于点E ,可得∠BAD =∠AOB =45°∵∠ABO =∠EBA∴△ABO ∽△EBA ……………………………………………………………………(1分)设l AE:y=kx+b’(k≠0)∴l AE:y=2x-3………………………………………………………………………(1分)把x=2代入,得y=1∴点D(2,1)………………………………………………………………………(1分)】。
2019届上海市各区高三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--完型填空--老师版(纯净word带答案已校对终结版)
III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.This article is for all of the teenagers out there. Even though ___41___ you are years from being fully grown, society regularly expects you to adult. Yes, you are ___42___ in many ways: many of you drive and do so quite safely, and you handle schedules that would ___43___ many adults. But you probably cannot process caffeine(咖啡因) as constantly as your parents can because of your still-growing bodies and brains.I understand it feels grown-up to be drinking a cup of Starbucks. But all of this caffeine may worsen your anxiety, affect tonight’s sleep and tomorrow’s school performance, ___44___ nutrient absorption and even cause real trouble when mixed with alcohol. The following four aspects may well ___45___ the theme of this article.The power of caffeineCaffeine is widely considered a drug that is socially acceptable, universally used, even cool, but it still causes ___46___ symptoms such as headaches, fatigue and a lack of attention when removed from coffee-addicts’ diets.How much is healthy?Caffeine is by no means a nutrient; you do not need it to be healthy. ___47___, it is a substance that can leave you lacking nutrients because it has been shown to reduce calcium (钙). Caffeine probably causes the body to release water. And the more caffeinated drinks you consume, the less likely you are to drink water. So experts say that adolescents should consume ___48___ amounts of caffeine a day (≤100 mg).Caffeine’s ___49___According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, about 65 percent of middle and higher schoolers are ___50___ to insufficient sleep on school nights. Some of their sleep problems can be mainly attributed to (归因于) caffeine, which can remain in the body for seven hours after ___51___, thus causing teens’ worse performance the next day. It is widely assumed that adequate sleep ___52___ proper growth and brain development. During childhood and adolescence, thebrain goes through a period called synaptic pruning(突触修剪) when unnecessary connections are promoted.Caffeine labellingCaffeine is not listed on the Nutrition Facts column on food labels because it is not a ___53___. It may be listed as an ingredient, but the amount is not required. Caffeine is now added to foods such as gum, candy and water, along with makeup and beauty products that ___54___ to reduce swelling (肿块).Taste preferences and eating habits are often cultivated in childhood and adolescence, so teens, when you consume sweet, caffeinated drinks every time you feel sluggish (无精打采的), you are creating a pattern that may be hard to break as an adult. It is advisable to come up with other ___55___ ways to boost energy so that you can master adulting better than many adults.41. A. potentially B. necessarily C. developmentally D. materially42. A. mature B. experienced C. productive D. disciplined43. A. delight B. frustrate C. liberate D. exclude44. A. promote B. assist C. intensify D. discourage45. A. call for B. account for C. turn to D. appeal to46. A. withdrawal B. addiction C. nutrition D. infection47. A. Therefore B. Instead C. Moreover D. Otherwise48. A. initial B. sufficient C. moderate D. stable49. A. reputations B. confirmations C. implications D. disadvantages50. A. subjected B. alerted C. reduced D. opposed51. A. stimulation B. concentration C. excitement D. consumption52. A. results from B. contributes to C. benefits from D. attends to53. A. therapy B. material C. nutrient D. substitute54. A. fail B. appear C. promise D. happen55. A. instructive B. comprehensive C. extensive D. alternativeKeys: 41-45 CABDB 46-50 ABCDA 51-55 DBCCDⅢ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Keeping The Taps Running in Thirsty CitiesWater covers 71% of Earth’s surface yet only 2% of it is accessible as a source of fresh water. ___41___ on this limited resources is rising, a trend likely to continue.It is important to recognize that it is not just city residents who ___42___ water. Agriculture, industry and tourism often require more water than the municipal water supply. Globally, 70% of fresh water is ___43___ for agriculture, but locally in heavily irrigated(灌溉) areas this can increase to 90%. A healthy environment also requires fresh water, and the quality of available water is as important as its ___44___.Water stress is not always caused by physical shortages in dry areas. ___45___ for water resources between different users within river catchments or basins can also be a cause.Every thirsty city operates within its own context, ___46___ to the challenge of providing adequate water supplies. Cape Town, ___47___, has faced three years of drought during which winter rains failed to materialize. At the end of the 2017 rainy season the city faced the ___48___ of its dams running dry during 2018. The dams were only 37% full—in the same week four years before they were full to the top. In January 2018, it was ___49___ that Cape Town would reach Day Zero, when it would be forced to turn off the taps, in April. This was despite the city reducing its water use by more than half, from 1.2 billion litres a day in 2015 to fewer than 600 million litres, and working ___50___ with industry and agriculture to reduce demand.On February 1, the authorities put in place a strict limit of 50 litres of water per person per day. ___51___, in Britain this is considered enough for a five-minute shower of half a washing machine cycle on full load.In addition, a ban was placed on using ___52___ water for gardens, water management devices were installed at household with a high water use and the water pressure was reduced to cut demand and leaks. At the same, the city launched a media ___53___ to change habits and introduced higher duties. This is not without its costs; agriculture and tourism, both significant areas of employment, have ___54___. It is a classic example of the problem of watereconomics-the cost of water is low but the cost of a lack of water is very high.Crises such as the Cape Town drought are in danger of becoming the new norm. The ___55___ of Day Zero must serve as a wake-up call for cities across the world to develop cost-effective water management strategies to cope with an uncertain future.41. A. Impact B. Pressure C. Impression D. Observation42. A. recycle B. waste C. consume D. apply43. A. restored B. abstracted C. separated D. preserved44. A. change B. source C. origin D. volume45. A. Competition B. Protection C. Construction D. Regulation46. A. contributing B. regarding C. responding D. referring47. A. in addition B. for example C. on the contrary D. as a result48. A. prospect B. illustration C. symptom D. security49. A. reported B. presented C. predicted D. explained50. A. respectively B. increasingly C. restrictively D. extensively51. A. By comparison B. In other words C. To our surprise D. What’s more52. A. feasible B. drinkable C. inevitable D. influential53. A. campaign B. statement C. presentation D. advertisement54. A. invaded B. liberated C. suffered D. proceeded55. A. change B. theory C. record D. threatKeys: 41-45 BCBDA 46-50 CBACD 51-55 ABACDⅢ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C, and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Early decision-you apply to one school, and admission is binding(有法律约束力的)---seems like a great choice for nervous applicants. Schools ___41___ a higher percentage of early-decisionapplicants, which arguably means that you have a better chance of being enrolled. And if you do, you’re done with the whole painful process by December. But most students and parents don’t realize that schools have hidden ___42___ for offering early decision.Early decision, since it’s binding, allows schools to fill their classes with qualified students; it allows ___43___ committees to select the students that are in particular demand for their college and know those students will come. It also gives schools a higher yield rate(优秀学生率), which is often used as one of the ways to ___44___ college selectivity and popularity.The problem is that this process effectively ___45___ the window of time students have to make one of the most important decisions of their lives up to that point. Under ___46___ admissions, seniors have until May 1 to choose which school to attend; early decision effectively steals six months from them, months that could be used to visit more schools, do more research, speak to current students and alumni (校友) and arguably make a more ___47___ decision.There are, frankly, an astonishing number of exceptional colleges in America, and for any given student, there are a number of schools that are a great ___48___. When students become too fixated (专注) on a particular school early in the admissions process, that fixation can lead to ___49___severe disappointment if they don't get in or, if they do, the possibility that they are now bound to go to a school that, given time for further ___50___, may not actually be right for them.Early decision offers a genuine admissions edge, that advantage goes largely to students who already have ___51___ advantages. The students who use early decision tend to be those who have received higher-quality college guidance, usually a result of coming from a more privileged background. ___52___, there’s an argument against early decision, as students from lower-income families are far less likely to have the admissions know-how(招生诀窍) to ___53___ figure out the often confusing early deadlines.Students who have done their research and are confident that there's one school they would be thrilled to get into should, under the current system, probably ___54___ under early decision. But for students who haven't yet done enough research, or who are still constantly changing their minds on favorite schools, the early-decision system needlessly and prematurely ___55____ the field of possibility just at a time when students should be opening themselves to a whole range of thrilling options.41. A. let in B. turn down C. make up D. give away42. A. dangers B. costs C. assumptions D. purposes43. A. admissions B. joint C. inquiry D. investigative44. A. detail B. measure C. achieve D. represent45. A. neglects B. provides C. shortens D. marks46. A. future B. regular C. random D. compulsory47. A. informed B. honoured C. imposed D. complicated48. A. fit B. aid C. hit D. net49. A. therefore B. otherwise C. however D. furthermore50. A. comment B. enhancement C. implication D. reflection51. A. mutual B. favourite C. numerous D. temporary52. A. In other words B. In this regard C. In particular D. In brief53. A. hesitantly B. relatively C. deliberately D. efficiently54. A. consult B. volunteer C. adjust D. apply55. A. occupies B. encloses C. narrows D. exploresKeys: 41-45 ADABC 46-50 BAABD 51-55 CBDDCIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passages there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Marmoset monkeys exist on a branch of the evolutionary tree that is distinct from the one that led to mans. But they constantly astonish researchers with ___41___ behavior that seems pretty highly evolved. Their social organization and ___42___ practices could have been the model for the phrase “It takes a village.” A dominant male and female breed, and their babies are carefully looked after by extended family members who then aren't free to breed themselves.A new study further ___43___ the marmoset’s reputation for admirable community values. Researchers report that these caregivers share their food more generously with little ones ___44___ than when they’re surrounded by the watchful eyes of other community members. In complex societies where individuals band together for ___45___ protection, researchers have come up with a few widely accepted explanations for selfless behavior. But specific acts, like sharing a delicious cricket(蟋蟀) with a begging baby marmoset, seem to need more ___ 46___ explanationOne possibility is that an individual practices ___ 47___ as a means of enhancing his status among peers. By ___ 48___ that he is so well gifted with material goods that he can give some away, this do-gooder enhances his power within the group. That, in turn, may ___49___ prospective mates. The other explanation for charitable behavior ___50___ that kindnesses extended to others are simply the fees of group membership, which offers some future promise of a chance to mate. Failure to share would result in exclusion from the group and a loss of ___51___ partners. Scientists call this the “pay to stay” model. Importantly, for both of these models to work, acts of kindness must have a(n) ___52___. That suggests you would see more sharing in group settings; away from judging eyes, a caregiver might be more likely to keep food for himself or herself. And yet, in 2,581 tests conducted with 31 adult and 14 baby marmosets, the ___53___ appeared to be trueAnthropologists (人类学家) from the University of Zurich carefully documented how often, in groups and in conditions that found caregiver and baby separated from the crowd, an adult would share his or her cricket. When alone with a baby begging for a taste, adult marmosets shared their cricket 85% of the time. When in a group, caregivers offered up their cricket 67% of the time.” Our results show that he lping in common marmosets is not driven by reputation management or ___54___ avoidance, “ the study authors reported Rather, it is driven by a deep-down motivation to help that is more ___55___ expressed when individuals are alone with young.”41.A. animal B. careful C. social D. individual42.A. evolving B communicating C organizing D. parenting43.A shines B damages C. affects D protests44.A. at play B in private C. on schedule D by accident45.A. adequate B effective C. continual D. mutual46.A. creative B complex C specific D. official47.A. generosity B wisdom C independence D governance48.A. promising B demonstrating C. pretending D. explaining49.A. count on B. go after C. appeal to D. benefit from50. A. assumes B. confirms C. enhances D. concludes51. A. regular B. dominant C. potential D. previous52. A. atmosphere B. audience C. feedback D. judge53. A. statistics B. expectation C. argument D. opposite54. A. responsibility B. punishment C. arrangement D. difficulty55. A. strongly B. causally C. delicately D. fearlesslyKeys: 41 -45 CDABD 36-50 CABCA 51-55 CBDBAIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.For centuries, time was measured by the position of the sun with the use of sundials. Noon was recognized when the sun was the highest in the sky, and cities would set their clock by this apparent ___41___ time, even though some cities would often be on a slightly different time. Daylight Saving Time (DST), sometimes called summer time, was ___42___ to make better use of daylight. Thus, clocks are set forward one hour in the spring to move an hour of daylight from the morning to the evening and then set back one hour in the fall to return to ___43___ daylight.Benjamin Franklin first conceived the idea of daylight saving during his term as an American delegate in Paris in 1784 and wrote about it ___44___ in his essay, “An Economical Project.” It is said that Franklin awoke early one morning and was surprised to see the sunlight at such an hour. Always the ___45___, Franklin believed the practice of moving the time could save on the use of candlelight, as candles were expensive at the time.In England, builder William Willett (1857–1915) became a strong supporter for Daylight Saving Time upon noticing blinds(百叶窗) of many houses were ___46___ on an early sunny morning. Willet believed everyone, including himself, would appreciate longer hours of light in the evenings. In 1909, Sir Robert Pearce ___47___ a bill in the House of Commons to make it obligatory(义务) to ___48___ the clocks. A bill was drafted and introduced into Parliament several times but met with great opposition, mostly from farmers. ___49___, in 1925, it was decided that summer time should begin on the day following the third Saturday in April and close after the first Saturday in October.The U.S. Congress passed the Standard Time Act of 1918 to establish standard time and ___50___ and set Daylight Saving Time across the continent. This act also devised(制定) five time ___51___ throughout the United States: Eastern, Central, Mountain, Pacific, and Alaska. The first time zone was set on “the mean astronomical time of the seventy-fifth degree of longitude west from Greenwich” (England). In 1919, this act was abandoned.President Roosevelt established year-round Daylight Saving Time (also called War Time) from 1942–1945. However, after this period, each state ___52___ its own DST, which proved to be ___53___ to television and radio broadcasting and transportation. In 1966, President Lyndon Johnson created the Department of Transportation and signed the Uniform Time Act. As a result, the Department of Transportation was given the responsibility for the time laws. During the oil embargo(禁运) and energy crisis of the 1970s, President Richard Nixon ___54___ DST through the Daylight Saving Time Energy Act of 1973 to conserve energy further. This law was ___55___ in 1986, and Daylight Saving Time was reset to begin on the first Sunday in April (to spring ahead) and end on the last Sunday in October (to fall back).41.A. popular B. solar C. particular D. singular42.A. employed B. evaluated C. distributed D. contributed43.A. fruitful B. full C. beautiful D. normal44.A. negatively B. alternatively C. extensively D. aggressively45.A. journalist B. physicist C. chemist D. economist46.A. closed B. opened C. fixed D. installed47.A. introduced B. restricted C. donated D. deleted48.A. stop B. adjust C. wind D. mend49.A. Permanently B. Eventually C. Unfortunately D. Theoretically50.A. reserve B. persevere C. preserve D. observe51.A. places B. districts C. zones D. territories52.A. interrupted B. tempted C. imported D. adopted53.A. pleasing B. confusing C. convincing D. comforting54.A. extended B. afforded C. abandoned D. defended55.A. assembled B. combined C. abused D. modifiedKeys: 41-45 BADCD 46-50 AABBC 51-55 CDBADⅢ. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.After my public lectures on evolution, someone in the audience asks, “Are we still evolving?”People want to know if humans are getting taller, smarter, better looking or more athletic. My answer is truthful but ___41___: We’re almost certainly evolving, but don’t know in what ___42___ or how fast.We’ve seen some evolution in our species over the past few millennia, but it was detected by reconstructing history from DNA sequences. For example, we know that during the past 10,000 years, several populations of humans — those keeping sheep, cows or goats for milk— gained the ability to digest dairy products. This quality was ___43___ useless in our earlier ancestors who, after babyhood, never encountered milk. And in the past 3,000 years, Tibetans have acquired ___44___ genetic adaptations that allowed them to develop well in their high-altitude, low-oxygen home. But these well-documented changes are limited to particular populations, so the ___45___ evidence for recent evolution of our entire species, remains not much.The authors of “Evolving Ourselves” ___46___ disagree. Not only, they claim, are we evolving faster than ever, but we’re doing it to ourselves. Juan Enriquez and Steve Gullans argue that humans have ___47___ controlled evolution — not just in our own species but virtually in allspecies: “For better or worse, we are increasingly in charge. We are the primary drivers of ___48___ change. We will directly and indirectly determine what lives, what dies, where, and when. We are in a different phase of evolution: the future of life is now ___49___ in our hands.”According to the authors, we’ve replaced natural selection with what they call “___50___unnatural selection.” Overfishing, for example, has reduced the average size of many fish species, for taking the biggest fish is ___51___ those smaller fishes.Yet while there’s no doubt that we’re changing the planet, the claim that we’re completely changing evolution on the planet ___52___does not follow. Let’s take those fish that are evolving to reproduce smaller and younger for example. This ___53___phenomenon has been documented in many species that we eat, but this is just a minuscule fraction(极小的一部分) of the 30,000 known species of fish.The authors speak with ___54___unwarranted assurance about how our species is evolving in response to nearly everything. When they claim, for example, our ingestion(摄取) of drugs and exposure to chemicals mean that “our children’ s brains are evolving fast,” they are abusing(滥用) the word “___55___evolution.” Out children’s brains may be changing fast in response to the new pharmacological(药理学的)environment, but change alone is not evolution.41. A. instructive B. disappointing C. decisive D. conflicting42. A. direction B. region C. frequency D. condition43. A. beneficial B. adaptable C. unique D. useless44. A. unproved B. changeable C. genetic D. mysterious45. A. study B. evidence C. interest D. implication46. A. disagree B. support C. follow D. approve47. A. delayed B. overdone C. neglected D. controlled48. A. unbalance B. disaster C. change D. disturbance49. A. in our hands B. out of order C. in peace D. out of control50. A. destructive B. unnatural C. adventurous D. emotional51. A. by means of B. at the cost of C. in favor of D. for the protection of52. A. makes no sense B. makes great impressionC. calls attentionD. comes to an end53. A. problem B. mistake C. phenomenon D. obstacle54. A. strong B. baseless C. sensitive D. persuasive55. A. environment B. technology C. exposure D. evolutionKeys: 41-45 BADCB 46-50 ADCAB 51-55 CACBDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or; phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.“Nature and Nurture”People have wondered for a long time how their personalities and behaviour are formed. However, it is not easy to explain why one person is intelligent and another is not, or why one is cooperative and another is ___41___.Social scientists are of course ___42___ interested in these types of questions. They want to explain why we possess certain characteristics and exhibit certain behaviour. There are no clear answers yet, but two ___43___ schools of thought on the matter have developed. As one might expect, the two approaches are very different from each other, and there is a great deal of debate between ___44___ of each theory. The controversy(争论) is often conveniently referred to as “nature and nurture”.Those who ___45___ the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behaviour patterns are ___46___ determined by biological factors. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behaviour is ___47___ to this theory. Taken to an extreme, this theory states that our behaviour is predetermined to such a great degree that we are almost completely governed by our ___48___.Supporter s of the “nurture” theory, or, as they are often called, ___49___, claim that our environment is more important than our biologically based instincts in determining how we will act. A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner, sees humans as beings whose behaviour is almost completely ___50___ by their surroundings. The behaviorists’ view of the human being is quite mechanistic. They state that, like machines, humans respond to ___51___ stimuli(刺激) as the basis of their behaviour.Socially and politically, the consequences of these two theories are ___52___ . In the US, for example, blacks often score below whites on standardized intelligence tests. This leads some “nature” supporters to conclude that blacks are genetically lower in status t han whites are. Behaviorists, ___53___, say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental advantages that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same ___54___ that whites do.Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behaviour. As a matter of fact, it is quite ___55___ that the key to our behaviour lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the controversy will continue for a long time is certain.41. A. sensitive B. productive C. competitive D. aggressive42. A. moderately B. extremely C. reluctantly D. scarcely43. A. distinct B. reliable C. relevant D. equal44. A. objectors B. operators C. opponents D. advocates45. A. claim B. support C. resolve D. inherit46. A. completely B. largely C. thoroughly D. merely47. A. sensitive B. open C. central D. subject48. A. abilities B. capacities C. personalities D. instincts49. A. experts B. scientists C. environmentalists D. behaviorists50. A. shaped B. dominated C. oppressed D. restricted51. A. environmental B. biological C. genetic D. psychological52. A. temporary B. slight C. fatal D. far-reaching53. A. on the contrary B. as a whole C. after all D. for instance54. A. habits B. responses C. characteristics D. advantages55. A. necessary B. impossible C. unreasonable D. likelyKeys: 41-45 CBADB 46-50 BCDDA 51-55 ADABDIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.You’ve been painting for a few years, and maybe you have even sold a painting or two. Are you ready to ___41___ the title of an amateur artist?Distinguishing green hand from professional artists is ___42___ task. It is not just a matter of your ability to create nice paintings. It’s not only about painting techniques. And for most cases, it doesn’t happen ___43___. Very few artists become overnight success without years of struggle and suffering.To turn professional, people find it critical to develop a personal style. What makes your paintings ___44___ among other paintings out there? Are your paintings standing out unmistakably directed to you as the creator? A personal style comes along with technique, painting medium, and subject and it tends to develop gradually over time. You ___45___ it through unconscious and constant exploring and self-shaping. Style does not mean that you are painting the same subject or using the same painting medium. Salvador Dali used to use many artistic media, but they all have a ___46___ Dali style. Style refers to the emotions and thoughts delivered by your paintings, which people can identify with. Their ___47___ of the painter is then a sure thing.Artists talk about their ___48___ all of the time. What gets you out of bed every morning to paint? How do you find the energy to have all your time devoted to painting? ___49___, we all love to do what we do and we get a satisfaction out of creating. For the professional artist, it goes beyond that. Some artists wish to convey a deep message concerning life, society or even politics. Others simply seek ___50___ returns to cover k ids’ tuition fees or pay family bills. Yet, all professional artists know that they have to keep working to achieve the goals.Many amateur artists passively wait for ___51___ to come. If they are not in the mood, they do not bother wasting the time. They sometimes allow themselves to be occupied by events like parties. Professionals are never easily ___52___ or torn away from their art work in progress. Focused on their work so much, some even regard spending time outside their ___53___ as crime ___54___ is their secret to high productivity.Besides, professional artists are constantly prepared to grab new ideas for the next painting, which they believe is sure to be better than the previous one. The belief that there is always room。
2019届上海各区初三英语一模试卷题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解--老师版(带答案纯净word已校对终
One【2019届上海市虹口区初三英语一模试题】VI. Reading comprehension(阅读理解)(共50分)A.Choose the best answer(根据短文内容,选择最恰当的答案)(共12分)Who has seen Yeti?This mysterious human-like animal lives in and around Asia’s high Himalayan Mountains.Or does he?For years,stories of the Yeti have attracted the interest of explorers and adventurer from around the world. In the local cultures of the Himalayan people, old stories of the famous Yeti are everywhere. Many stories say the Yeti is not an animal, but perhaps a half-ape(半猿), half human intelligent animal. No one can say for sure. What we do only know is that the Yeti is a powerful mix of fact and fiction.Over150years ago,Europeans curious about the Yeti began to enter China.They were looking for something to prove that the Yeti existed. They hoped the photograph, or maybe even catch,a real-life Yeti.Over the years,many explorers saw large unexplained foot prints in the snow. Several European climbers even reported seeing a hairy, ape-like animal from a distance.The search for the Yeti didn’t become so popular alter. Yeti fur “found” by various climbers was examined by scientists and proved to be unreal. People began to question the existence of the Yeti.In1998,the Chinese government had to stop some activities of a nature reserve(保护区) which was doing great business by inviting tourists to buy tickets and hunt the Yeti. The reserve even offered large prices for anyone lucky enough to catch a Yeti!Clearly,basic human curiosity(好奇心) keeps the Yeti myth alive today. Plenty of unexplained footprints, bodies and stories continue to feed out curiosity as well. However, nobody can prove exactly whether the Yeti exists or not.69. Explorers and adventurers from around the world want to know more about the Yeti because ________.A. the Yeti is harmful to human beings.B. they are interested in stories of the Yeti.C. they want to make a living by hunting the Yeti.D. the Yeti lives in and around Asia’s high Himalayan Mountains.70. The underlined word“fiction” in Paragraph 1 probably means“_______”.A. stories people imagine C. reasons people explainB. opinions people haveD. things people complain about71. People began to think the Yeti may not exist _______.A. when Europeans curious about the Yeti decided to enter ChinaB. before the Chinese government had to stop some activities of a nature reserveC. after Yeti for“found”by various climbers was proved not trueD. when several European climbers failed to photograph a real-life Yeti72. The reserve invited tourists to hunt the Yeti in order to ________.A. make money C. do experimentsB. prove Yeti’s existence D. make itself famous73. Which statement is true according to the passage?A.It is certain that Yeti is a human-like animal which lives in and around Himalayan Mountains.B.It is proved that several European climbers really saw a hairy,ape-like animal from a distance.C. It is allowed by the Chinese government to hunt the Yeti for research in a nature reserve.D. It is human curiosity that has spread the stories of the Yeti for over a century.74. The best title of the passage might be ________.A. Yeti HuntingB. Unexplained FootprintsD. Human CuriosityC. A mountain MythKeys:69. B70. A71. C72. B73. D74. CTwo【2019届上海市黄浦区初三英语一模试题】VI. Reading comprehension(阅读理解)(共50分)A.Choose the best answer(根据短文内容,选择最恰当的答案)(共12分)For his eleventh birthday,Lin was given a gift that would shape his life.On that day his father took him to the Children’s Activity Centre and said he could choose any course that interested him. There was just one requirement: Lin would have to promise to study it for at least one year.To that point Lin had had many hobbies, but none kept his interest for more than a week or two. His mum once gave him a bag of stamps to encourage stamp collecting. That hobby lasted a week.Then his father got him some paints hoping that Lin's artistic side would shine through. Those paints were now under his bed,still unopened.This time Lin’s parents would let him decide.Lin’s eyes moved down the noticeboard that listed all the courses on offer.He stopped at “Photography”. He liked the idea of taking beautiful pictures but the notice said that each student needed their own camera.Although Lin’s family weren't poor,they weren’t rich either,and a camera cost a lot of money. He continued looking.The next course to catch his eye was “Language Art”. He didn’t even know what that meant. His father explained that it taught people how to make public speeches. Lin, a shy boy, could think of nothing worse.Then he saw it. “Cooking” sounded like something he’d like to do. It was inexpensive and convenient, it could be done alone and it was also creative.Based on Lin’s hobby history, his dad had doubts(疑惑), but he agreed. Much to his parents' surprise, Lin kept his promise. He studied cooking at the Centre every Saturday, and practised at home, making delicious meals for his family. Everyone looked forward to birthdays, when they could eat his cakes. Lin got great satisfaction from the pleasure his food brought to others.The months turned to years but his hobby never changed again.Now Lin is an adult and runs a successful restaurant.When customers say they enjoy his meal, he still gets the same pleasure he did as a child, and remembers the special gift he received all those years ago.69. What hobby didn’t Lin try according to the passage?A. Cooking C. PaintingB. Collecting stampsD. Making public speeches70. Why didn’t Lin choose to study photography?A. It was too expensive C. He had no interest in itB. He was not very creative D. It was not offered that term71. The underlined expression“catch his eye”in Paragraph 4 means“_________”.A. make him excitedB. cause him surpriseC. get his attentionD. help him see clearly72. Which of the following best describes Lin’s interest in cooking?A. It only lasted for a short time.C. It was chosen by his parents. B. It seemed to match his character.D. It developed slowly over many months.73. Why did the father have doubts when Lin chose cooking?A. Lin wasn’t good at cooking.C. He didn’t think Lin would continue.74.What’s the best title for the passage?A. A Strict FatherB. The Fun of Cooking D. The Birthday Gift B. Cooking wasn’t very convenient.D. Cooking wasn’t a good hobby for a boy.C. A Changeable Boy Keys:69-74DACBCDThree 【2019届上海市浦东新区初三英语一模试题】VI. Reading comprehension (阅读理解)(共50分)A.Choose the best answer (根据短文内容,选择最恰当的答案)(共12分)ArtPainting by NumbersThis is a colorful set which will help you to paint like a real artist. Each color has a number and the numbers are on the picture for you to follow. Painting beautifully has never been easier.Everyone will think you are the next teenage genius. Of course, it’s up to you whether you tell them how you did it so well!GameGYAThis game will keep your fingers busy all day. You have to press the lights when the light up.Do you think it sounds easy? Well, think again because it is actually very difficult. If you miss a lot of lights, you’ll lose the game. You will not be able to put this game down. Instead, it will push you beyond your limits and test the use of your fingers.BookChasing V ermeerIf you like who-done-it polite stories to get your brain working,then‘chasing Vermeer’is your perfect read. It’s a mystery story about math shapes. Two children, called Calder and Petra, try to find out where an expensive Vermeer painting was. Vermeer was a famous artist. This book will make you read all night!Plus,the pictures are wonderful.Look at each picture carefully. There is something hidden in each one.PhoneVerballsThis might book like a cute boy, but it’s a talking Internet phone. Just pl ug your Verballs into your USB port on our computer and you can phone all your friends for free, all around the world! Verballs are not only useful, they’re also fun! When your friend speaks, your Verball’s lights flash and his arms wave.69. The colorful set called Painting by Numbers allows you to be ________.A. a real artistB. a teenage geniusC. a good painterD. a fashion designer70. The underlined word “it” in the article “Game” probably refers to ________.A. missing the lights C. turning off the lightsB. pressing the lights D. lighting up the lights71. Chasing Vermeer tells a story about finding out the missing _________.A. artistB. bookC. childrenD. painting72. Chasing Vermeer is a kind of book except a(n) _________.A. police storyB. art bookC. picture bookD. mystery story73. To communicate with a pen friend in another country, you will be interested in _________.A. Verballs C. GYAB. Painting by numbers D. Chasing V ermeer74. The passage mainly introduces us some _________.A. ideas in science fieldB. courses in educationC. produces in daily life Keys:69-74CBDBACD. examples in technology.Four 【2019届上海市长宁区初三英语一模试题】VI. Reading comprehension (阅读理解)(共50分)A.Choose the best answer (根据短文内容,选择最恰当的答案)(共12分)A girl in my street always bullied me and she made me lose all of my friends. Itried everything but she would not stop. I tried making any friends because mostpeople already through I was strange. Then I called Young Minds and a man gavereally good advice and she did not bully me ever again.I have large eyes and I get bullied because of it. It started Year I and since then Ihave been upset about it.Just a week ago I saw a Young Minds advertisement online. I called the numberand then I talked to a lady.After the 54-minute talk I finally felt great aboutmyself. I am happy I called them and I wish I had done it before.I stoop up to allof those awful people and the bullying has stopped. I really look forward togoing to school now.I was getting bullied, but I didn’t feel comfortable talking to my parents becausethey weren’t helping me and being supportive.So I talked to an amazingcounselor and it has changed my life.I was so happy to be able to talk tosomeone who listened. Thank you Young Mind s and thank you Miranda Kerr.I called because I was getting bullied by a Grade 7 kid and I’m in Grade 8. Iwasn’t sure how to deal with it and I called Young Minds.They are reallysupportive and I spoke to a really nice counselor named Pammy. So don’t beafraid to call Young Minds. Pick up your phone and call.69. The man in Young Minds probably gave Mary advice on how to _________.A. make friendsB. change her personalityC. deal with bullyingD. bully the girl in the street70. Joanna got to know about Young Minds from ___________.A. a newspaperB. a magazineC. the TVD. the Internet71. From the s entence“I stood up to all of those awful people”,we know that _________.A. Joanna used to go to school very happilyB. Joanna fought against being bulliedC. Joanna was brave before she talked to a ladyD. Joanna felt upset to meet such awful72. The underlined word“an amazing counselor”means“__________”.A. a great friendB. a guide teacherC. a good playerD. a nice writer73. From Belinda, we know that _________.A. she is a grade-7 kidB. she was afraid of going to schoolC. she was brave enough to call Young MindsD. she could deal with the bully on her own74. Which of the following is NOT TURE from the passage?A. Mary was thought to be strange because she used to bully many people.B. Joanna expected to return to school when the bully to her ended.C. Miranda Kerr worked for Young Minds and helped Tracy out of being bullied.D. If you want to get help from Young Minds,please call.Keys:69-74CDBBCAFive【2019届上海市徐汇区初三英语一模试题】VI. Reading comprehension(阅读理解)(共50分)A.Choose the best answer(根据短文内容,选择最恰当的答案)(共12分)It’s a cold, grey Sunday afternoon in March. The light is slowly fading, but all over Britain people are working in their gardens. They’re digging, cutting leaves and planting new weeds. By summer, their gardens will be full of bright colors.The British love their gardens. A British newspaper recently asked people for their opinions about them. Seventy percent of people felt it was important to spend time in the garden, and cover half of these described gardening as the most enjoyable thing they ever did.Only one in ten houses in Britain do not have a garden. You can, of course, just grow house plants inside or on your balcony.Once it was only the very wealthy who had a garden. You can still see the huge gardens that surround historic houses such as Chatsworth House or Castle Howard. Ordinary people used their land to produce food to eat or sell, or grew herbs to make medicine.In the nineteenth century, however, gardening became a hobby. About the same time,better transport meant people could buy different kinds of seeds and plants for their gardens. Although roses, sunflowers, onions and tomatoes are often grown in British gardens, they grew wild in other countries before.In many villages and gowns there are competitions for the best looked-after gardens.This year the winner was a little village in Northern Ireland. It’s already won four prizes for its beauty. People also take part in competitions to grow the largest vegetables,but don’t expect to win. Britain’s biggest carrot is almost six meters long!A newspaper asked people what they grew in their gardens. Look at the diagram which shows their answers.69. Most of the British love to spend time in _________.A. fishingB. huntingC. gardeningD. farming70. Only ________ houses in Britain don’t have a garden.A. 10%B. 20%C. 50%D. 70%71. Chatsworth House and Castle Howard are examples to show that _________.A. people feel it important to spend time in the gardenB. only rich people had a garden in old daysC. the big gardens have lasted for a long timeD. there are vegetables and plants in the gardens72. The winner of the competitions for best gardens this year was from ________.A. EnglandB. WalesC. Northern IrelandD. India73. According to the diagram, more people prefer to grow ________ than potatoes.A. rosesB. tomatoesC. herbsD. strawberries74. The underlined words“better transport” refers to the following except ________.A. by trainB. by seaC. by carD. by bike Keys:69-74CABCADSix【2019届上海市闵行区初三英语一模试题】VI. Reading comprehension(阅读理解)(共50分)A.Choose the best answer(根据短文内容,选择最恰当的答案)(共12分)The following is an online restaurant guide with customer reviews.Hungry Harry’s Restaurant GuideThe Green Shadow-vegetarian food health specialistsAddress:40 King’s Road, Hong KongBusiness hours: 11:30 a.m. to 9:30 p.m. (Monday to Saturday)This vegetarian restaurant is above a popular gym with lots of healthy eaters. You can hear soft music and see lots of green plants near the reception area,plus a fountain trickles(滴) peacefully in a corner. The waiters all know how to recommend dishes that suit a customer’s blood type.Customer reviewsI go there often. The helpful waiters always recommend delicious dishes, like pumpkin soup with healthy wheat bread.The atmosphere is cosy, but the food is expensive. The waiters are little arrogant(自大的);they think they know everything about food. Anyway, how many more vegetarian restaurants does this city need?The Enchanted(令人陶醉的) Cafe--a fantasy theme steakhouseAddress: 78 Party Lane, Hong KongBusiness hours:11a.m. to 10 p.m. (Sunday to Saturday)The restaurant looks like the inside of an old castle, with dim lighting and mysterious music. Waitresses serve burgers and steaks in witch(女巫) costumes. They also do magic tricks. Customer reviewsThe Enchanted Cafe is such a fun place to visit,and the food is really tasty too!The mushroom burgers are pure magic! Yum!I don’t care how much the food costs; the performing waitresses are worth the visit! You can also eat some amazing cakes there.Rock and Roll Pizza House --- traditional pizza served with a smileAddress:55 North Avenue, Hong KongBusiness hours:1.30 p.m to 11:30 p.m (Sunday to Saturday)An American-style restaurant serves fresh pizza with a variety of toppings. The waiters go from table to table on roller skates in their bright red uniforms. Customers can enjoy some golden oldies(老歌) from the 1950s in a friendly atmosphere.Customer reviewsThey don’t have any garlic! What kind of place has no gar lic? I also asked for some extra cheese on my pizza, but I didn’t get any. The service there was horrible!I can’t tell you how many times a waiter stumbled(绊倒)while serving the pizza.It is dangerous! They don’t sell any good drinks either.70. You can go to ________ for lunch at 11:00 a.m. on Sunday.A. Hungry HarryC) The Enchanted Cafe B. The Green ShadowD) Rock and Roll Pizza House71. The underlined word “cosy” in Line 14 means “________”.A. heavyB. changeableC. comfortableD. amusing72. At Rock and Roll Pizza House, ________.A. there are a lot of green plants near the reception area.B. waitresses serve burgers and steak in which costumes.C. waiters all know how to recommend delicious food.D. customers can enjoy some golden oldies from the 1950s.73. The underlined word “It” in the last paragraph refers to “_________”A. Not having garlicB. Serving food on roller skatesC. Asking for extra cheese D) Selling any good drinks74. According to the online restaurant guide, which one of the following is NOT true?A. All three restaurants received positive reviews.B. Two of the restaurants open seven days a week.C. The Rock and Roll Pizza House has the music from the 1950s.D. The Green Shadow does not serve steak.Keys: 70-74 CCDBASeven【2019届上海市奉贤区初三英语一模试题】VI. Reading comprehension(阅读理解)(共50分)A.Choose the best answer(根据短文内容,选择最恰当的答案)(共12分)In many countries, pets are well loved. In America, 95 percent of pet owners think of their animals as family members. About half buy them birthday gifts. And it’s a two-way stree t. People who have pets tend to have lower blood pressure. They also have a lower heart-disease risk.Scientists are finding more and more evidence that animals can also help improve mental health.Some clinics have been using“pit therapy”(宠物疗法)alongside traditional medicine. Here is a look at some of the cures.RabbitsIn one study, scientists told a group of stressed-out adults to pat a rabbit and rabbit toy. The toy had no effect. Touching the living rabbit, however, reduced anxiety(焦虑).Crickets(蟋蟀)Animals don’t have to be soft and lovely to help. In a 2016 study, elderly p eople who were given five crickets in a cage felt happier after eight weeks. The act of caring of an animal seemed to make the difference.HorsesHorses are among the most-studied therapy animals. In Europe, they have been involved in medial treatment plans since the1860s.Activities like brushing the fur of a horse have been shown to reduce anxiety in people of all ages.FishOne of the study focused on people who had Alzheimer’s disease(阿尔兹海默氏病). When they dined in front of a tank of colorful fish, they ate more.DogsChildren who struggle with reading are less anxious when they read aloud to a trained dog. Their attitudes change and their skills improve.69. About _________ of pet owners in America buy their pets birthday gifts.A. one-thirdB. 50 percentC. 95 percentD. three quarters70. The underlined phrase “two-way street” (in paragraph 1) means “__________.”A. Pets can reduce not only their owners’ blood pressure but also their risk of heart disease.B. Pets can improve not only their owners’ physical health but also their mental healthC. Pets are well loved both in the East and in the WestD. People love pets, and pets do their owners lots of good71.According to the passage,people who were given crickets felt happier after a few weeks because ________.A. the ate moreB. they spent time caring for an animalD. they changed their attitudesC. they exercised more72. Horses have been involved in medical treatment plans _________ in Europe.A. since the 1680s C. since 1860B. for more than two centuries D. for about 160 years73. Children who have difficulty reading become less anxious when _________.A. they play with rabbitsC. they are given some crickets B. they read in front of a tank of colorful fishD. they read aloud to a trained dog74. The main idea of the passage is that __________.A. pets are well loved in many countriesB. pets can improve people’s physical healthC. pets have been used to help cure mental illnessD. it is still a mystery whether keeping pets brings benefits Keys:69-74BBBDDCEight【2019届上海市静安区初三英语一模试题】VI. Reading comprehension(阅读理解)(共50分)A.Choose the best answer(根据短文内容,选择最恰当的答案)(共12分)It was a cold winter night when the police officer Lee and the detective Smith were walking back to the police station. They saw a robber attacking an old woman on the road. Lee and Smith ran over to the robber immediately.The robber saw them and ran away as fast as he could. Lee and Smith followed him for a long distance until the robber rushed into an underground station.Lee and Smith ran into the station and tried to find him. It was quite dark outside that night and they couldn’t see the robber clearly. But they remembered what his body shape was like.When they went in, they saw six men in the station. All of them had the similar build as the robber. Lee looked at them carefully, one by one.The first man was arguing with an underground station worker.He seemed to be very depressed.The second one was watching the fight between the first man and the worker. It seemed like he was quite interested in it.The third one was quietly reading a newspaper. His face was hidden behind the newspaper.The fourth one was running to warm himself up, as it was cold in the station.The fifth one was waiting for the underground.He looked at his watch several times.He seemed to be in a hurry.The sixth one was wearing a big coat, sitting on a bench and shivering.Lee finally found out which one the robber was. He whispered to Smith. “Look! The robber wanted to cover up his panting(气喘吁吁) by doing this.”69. As soon as Lee and Smith saw the robber attacking and old woman, they ________.A) walked back to the police station C) ran into the underground station B) ran to catch the robber D) kept away from the robber70. The robber rushed into the underground station to ________.A) escape from them B) meet his friends C) rob others D) take an underground71. The underlined word “depressed” in Paragraph 4 means “________”.A) relaxed B) unhappy C) thoughtful D) comfortable72. The six men in the underground station all had the similar _________.A) hair B) height C) body shape D) age-group73. According to Lee, ________was the robber.A) the first man B) the second man C) the fourth man74. What’s the best title for the article?A) A dramatic robbery.C) The proud policeman Keys:69-74BABCCD B) The clever detectiveD) The hidden robberD) the sixth manNine【2019届上海市崇明区初三英语一模试题】VI. Reading comprehension(阅读理解)(共50分)A.Choose the best answer(根据短文内容,选择最恰当的答案)(共12分)Ray’s wedding(婚礼) was successful. Everyone seemed to have had a good time. All evening, no one looked after the gift table.Who would steal anything,Ray thought.But his best friend Aaron didn’t think so.He walked away regularly from other guests to check on the gift table, making sure no one suspicious(可疑的) was hanging around it.Ray and Julia went on a three-week honeymoon after the wedding. When they got back, they opened all the gifts and sent out thank-you notes. But there was one problem. A married couple, Walt and Marry, had given nothing. This surprised Julia. Ray didn’t care if they hadn’t given a gift. He just needed to know whether to send a thank-you note. Ray called Aaron.Aaron ask ed Ray if he had looked everywhere for Walt’s gift. Had he called up the wedding site to see if anything had been left behind? Ray said that he had looked everywhere and made alot of calls that were fruitless.Ray didn’t know what to do. “What would you do?” Ray asked Aaron. Aaron said he would call Walt up and tell him the problem. " You can't go wrong with simply being honest, " Aaron said Ray called Walt and told him the problem. Walt said that yes, he had given an envelope with $500 cash(现金)in it.$500?! Ray said in surprise. That’s a lot of cash, Walt! "Walt admitted that it was, but he had gotten a fat raise early that year and Rays wedding was the only one he’d been to in quite a while. Ray thanked him and also apologized, Walt told him that it was"only money.”When Ray told Aaron about Walt’s gift, Aaron laughed. "The only thief at the wedding was Walt! I have already stopped playing cards with him because I caught him cheating. And it was only a $10 pot (赌注总额)!I’ m sure I told you about that.”“Ye s,you did tell me,"Ray said.But,of course,he had to send Walt a thank-you note anyway.69. Aaron regularly went to check on the gift table to make sure that __________.A) the guests all had a good time C) no one would steal the gift B) the wedding was successful D) someone was looking after Ray70. When Ray and Julia got back from a three-week honeymoon, __________.A) they started to send out thank-you notesB) a married couple, Walt and Marry, called themC) Julia was surprised because Aaron called herD) Aaron wanted to send a thank-you note to Walt71. The underlined word“fruitless” in the third paragraph refers to the calls that__________.A) told Ray the gift had been found C) helped Ray to find out the thief B) helped Ray to buy a lot of fruits D) told Ray nothing had been found72. When Aaron says "You can’t go wrong with simply being honest, "he means that__________.A) Ray would certainly know the truth if he simply told Walt the problemB) Ray would be wrong if he told Walt and Marry about the missing giftC) Julia shouldn't care too much if Walt and Marry hadn't given a giftD)Walt and Marry had actually given an envelope with $500 cash in it73. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A) Walt denied that he had given an envelope with $500 cash in itB) Ray was not surprised when he heard what Walt had told himC)Ray apologized to Walt but he didn’t send him a thank-you noteD)Aaron laughed because he knew what kind of person Walt was74. Which of the following might be the best title for the passage?A) Rays Wedding B) A Wedding GiftC) Aaron's ProblemD)A Phone Call to WaltKeys:69-74CADADTen【2019届上海市普陀区初三英语一模试题】VI. Reading comprehension(阅读理解)(共50分)A.Choose the best answer(根据短文内容,选择最恰当的答案)(共12分)The Earth is faced with a serious power problem now and all of us are affected by it. Should we leave everything to the government, or can we do something to save power? The answer is clear if not us. who? Let us look at how you can save power at home.Computer. More often than not. we do not turn off our monitors(显示屏) even after we have shut down our computers.And we often leave our computers on when we walk away to do something else. Keep the monitor and the computer switched off when you are not using them. Start doing this even when at work. You will help save some of the earth's important power.Air Conditioning: Put the temperature at the minimum or maximum strongest that you are comfortable with, depending on the season. Try not to put it at too-high or too-low temperatures. This helps you save lots of power.Washers:Do you use your washing machine as frequently as you wish?Do you use your washing machine even when there are not many clothes to wash? Reduce the times of washing by cleaning plenty of clothes every week.Television: Unplug(拔出抽头) the power plug of your television set when not using it. This may not sound like a big deal but this little step will help oneself save power.Fridge: Do you always put hot food into the fridge? Bring cooked food to room temperatures before placing it into the fridge. You can also spare power by bringing cold or frozen food out of the icebox a great deal ahead of the mealtime. Thus, you don’t need to heat it.69.The underlined part in the first paragraph means“_________”A. if we don't use power, who will use it?B. The government should be responsible for saving power.。
2019年上海各区初三英语一模试题分题型汇总(作文)
2019年上海各区初三英语一模试题分题型汇总(作文)注意事项:认真阅读理解,结合历年的真题,总结经验,查找不足!重在审题,多思考,多理解!长宁区初三英语第一学期期末质量抽查试卷VII.Writing(作文):(共20分)Writeatleast60wordsaboutthetopic“Everybodyneedshelp”.(以“每个人都需要帮助”为题写一篇不少于60个字的短文,标点符号不占格。
)(注意:短文中不得出现考生的姓名、校名及其它相关信息,否那么不予评分。
) Usethefollowingpointsasareference.(以下问题仅供参考)?Doyouagreethateverybodyneedshelp??Haveyouevergothelpfromothers?(Tellyourexperiences.)?Whatdoyoudowhenotherpeopleareintrouble?(Giveexamples.)宝山区初三英语第一学期期末质量抽查试卷Writingapassageofatleast60wordsonthetopic“WhatDoYouThinkofOwingaPrivateCar?”(以“你对拥有私家车的看法”为题,写不少于60个词的短文)〔注意:短文中不得出现考生的姓名,校名以及其他相关信息,否那么不予评分〕Usethefollowingpointsasareference.(以下问题仅供参考)1.whatistheadvantageofowingaprivatecar?2.whatisthedisadvantageofowingaprivatecar?3.what’syouropinion?(注意:短文中不得出现任何人名,校名及其其他相关信息,否那么不予评分)崇明县初三英语第一学期期末质量抽查试卷Writeatleast60wordsaboutthetopic“MyLifeasaJuniorThreeStudent”.(以“我的初三生活”为题写一篇不少于60个字的短文,标点符号不占格。
上海市2019届初三数学一模提升题汇编第24题(二次函数综合)(含2019上海中考试题答案)
上海市2019届一模提升题汇编第24题(二次函数综合)含2019上海中考试题中考【2019届一模徐汇】24.(本题满分12分,第(1)小题4分,第(2)小题4分,第(3)小题4分)如图,在平面直角坐标系xoy 中,顶点为M 的抛物线C 1:2(0)y ax bx a =+<经过点A 和x 轴上的点B ,AO =OB =2,120AOB ∠=.(1)求该抛物线的表达式; (2)联结AM ,求AOMS;(3)将抛物线C 1向上平移得到抛物线C 2,抛物线C 2与x 轴分别交于点E 、F (点E 在点F 的左侧),如果△MBF 与△AOM 相似,求所有符合条件的抛物线C 2的表达式.【24.解:(1)过A 作AH ⊥x 轴,垂足为H ,∵OB=2,∴B (2,0)………………………………(1分) ∵120AOB ∠=︒∴60,30AOH HAO ∠=︒∠=︒.∵OA=2,∴112OH OA ==.∵222Rt AHO OH AH OA +=在中,,∴22213AH =-=.∴(1,3)A --……………………………………(1分)(第24题图)∵抛物线21:C y ax bx A B=+经过点、,∴可得:42033a a b a b b ⎧=-⎪+=⎧⎪⎪⎨⎨-=⎪⎩⎪=⎪⎩………………………………………………(1分)∴这条抛物线的表达式为233y x x =-+…………………………………………(1分)(2)过M 作MG ⊥x 轴,垂足为G,∵2y x x =+∴顶点M是⎛ ⎝⎭,得3MG = ……………………………………………………(1分)∵(1,A -,M⎛ ⎝⎭. ∴得:直线AM为33y x =- …………………………………………………(1分)∴直线AM 与x 轴的交点N 为1,02⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭……………………………………………………(1分)∴1122AOM S ON MG ON AH ∆=⋅+⋅111122322=⨯⨯+⨯=…………………………………………………………………………(1分)(3)∵)33,1(M 、)0,2(B ,∴3MG Rt BGM MBG BG ∆∠=在中,tan =,∴MBG ∠︒=30.∴MBF 150∠=︒.由抛物线的轴对称性得:MO=MB ,∴MBO MOB=150∠=∠︒. ∵OB=120A ∠︒,∴OM=150A ∠︒ ∴OM=MBF A ∠∠.∴BM BFOA OM 或BF BM OA OM 相似时,有:AOM 与MBF 当==∆∆ 即332BF 2332或BF 3322332==,∴32BF 或2BF ==. ∴)0,38)或(0,4(F ………………………………………………(2分)设向上平移后的抛物线k x x y ++-=33233:为C 22,当)0,4(F 时,338=k ,∴抛物线33833233:为C 22++-=x x y …(1分)当)0,38(F 时,27316=k ,抛物线22:3327C y x x =-++…….(1分)】【2019届一模浦东】24. (本题满分12分,其中每小题各4分)已知:如图9,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,直线12y x b=-+与x 轴相交于点A ,与y 轴相交于点B. 抛物线(1)求抛物线的表达式; (2)求证: △BOD ∽△AOB;(3)如果点P 在线段AB 上,且∠BCP=∠DBO求点P 的坐标.【24、(1)211482y x x =-++;(2)证明略;(3)1612,55⎛⎫ ⎪⎝⎭】【2019届一模杨浦】24.(本题满分12分,每小题各4分) 在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,抛物线2(0)yax bx c a与y 轴交于点C (0,2),它的顶点为D (1,m ),且1tan 3COD.(1)求m 的值及抛物线的表达式;(2)将此抛物线向上平移后与x 轴正半轴交于点A ,与y 轴交于点B ,且OA=OB.若点A 是由原抛物线上的点E 平移所得,求点E 的坐标;(3)在(2)的条件下,点P 是抛物线对称轴上的一点(位于x 轴上方),且∠APB=45°.求P 点的坐标.Oxy1 2 3 4 1 23 4 5-1 -2 -3-1 -2 -3 (第24题图)【24.解:(1)作DH ⊥y 轴,垂足为H ,∵D (1,m )(0m),∴DH= m ,HO=1.∵1tan 3COD,∴13OH DH ,∴m=3. ····················································· (1分)∴抛物线2y ax bx c 的顶点为D (1,3). 又∵抛物线2yax bxc 与y 轴交于点C (0,2), ∴3,1,22.ab c ba c (2分)∴1,2,2.a b c∴抛物线的表达式为222y x x.······ (1分)(2)∵将此抛物线向上平移, ∴设平移后的抛物线表达式为222(0)y x x k k,. ···························· (1分)则它与y 轴交点B (0,2+k ).∵平移后的抛物线与x 轴正半轴交于点A ,且OA=OB ,∴A 点的坐标为(2+k,0). .(1分) ∴20(2)2(2)2k k k .∴122,1k k .∵0k,∴1k.∴A (3,0),抛物线222y x x向上平移了1个单位. . ······························ (1分)∵点A 由点E 向上平移了1个单位所得,∴E (3,-1). . ··································· (1分) (3)由(2)得A (3,0),B (0, 3),∴32AB.∵点P 是抛物线对称轴上的一点(位于x 轴上方),且∠APB=45°,原顶点D (1,3), ∴设P (1,y ),设对称轴与AB 的交点为M ,与x 轴的交点为H ,则H (1,0). ∵A (3,0),B (0, 3),∴∠OAB=45°, ∴∠AMH=45°. ∴M (1,2). ∴2BM.∵∠BMP=∠AMH, ∴∠BMP=45°. ∵∠APB=45°, ∴∠BMP=∠APB.∵∠B=∠B ,∴△BMP ∽△BPA. ·································································· (2分)B APy OM H∴BP BABMBP .∴23226BPBA BM∴221(3)6BPy .∴123535y y ,(舍).. ···························· (1分)∴(1,35)P . . ····················································································· (1分)】【2019届一模普陀】 24.(本题满分12分) 如图10,在平面直角坐标系中,抛物线23y ax bx =+-(0)a ≠与x 轴交于点A ()1,0-和点B ,且3OB OA =,与y 轴交于点C ,此抛物线顶点为点D .(1)求抛物线的表达式及点D 的坐标;(2)如果点E 是y 轴上的一点(点E 与点C 不重合),当BE DE ⊥时,求点E 的坐标; (3)如果点F 是抛物线上的一点,且,求点F 的坐标.135FBD ∠=xOy图10【24.解:(1)∵抛物线与x 轴交于点A ()1,0-和点,且3OB OA =,∴点的坐标是()3,0. ··········································································· (1分)解法一:由抛物线23y ax bx =+-经过点()1,0-和()3,0. 得03,093 3.a b a b =--⎧⎨=+-⎩ 解得1,2.a b =⎧⎨=-⎩ ······························································ (1分)∴抛物线的表达式是223y x x =--. ······················································ (1分)点D 的坐标是()1,4-. ············································································· (1分)解法二:由抛物线23y ax bx =+-经过点()1,0-和()3,0. 可设抛物线的表达式为(1)(3)y a x x =+-, 由抛物线与y 轴的交点C 的坐标是()0,3-,得3(01)(03)a -=+-,解得1a =. ······························································ (1分)∴抛物线的表达式是223y x x =--. ························································ (1分)点D 的坐标是()1,4-. ············································································· (1分)(2)过点D 作DH OC ⊥,H 为垂足. ∴90DHO ∠=.∴90DEH EDH ∠+∠=. ∵BE DE ⊥,∴90DEH BEO ∠+∠=. ∴BEO EDH ∠=∠.又∵BOE EHD ∠=∠,∴△BOE ∽△EHD . ········································· (1分)∴BO OEEH HD =.∵点D 的坐标是()1,4-,∴1DH =,4OH =.B B∵点的坐标是()3,0,∴3OB =.∴341OEOE =-. ·············································································· (1分)∴1OE =或3OE =. ················································································ (1分) ∵点E 与点C 不重合,∴1OE =. ∴点E 的坐标是()0,1-. ··········································································· (1分)(3)过点F 作FG x ⊥轴,G 为垂足.作45DBM ∠=,由第(2)题可得,点M 与点E 重合. ∵1OE =,1DH =,∴OE DH =. 可得△BOE ≌△EHD . ∴BE ED =. ∵90BED ∠=,∴45DBE ∠=. ∵135FBD ∠=,∴90FBE ∠=. ················································································ (1分) ∴OBE GFB ∠=∠.∴在Rt △BOE 中,90BOE ∠=,∴cot 3OBE ∠=∴cot 3GFB ∠=. ·········· (1分) ∴3FG BG =.设点F 点的坐标为()2,23m mm --.∴223FG m m =--,3BG m =-.∴2233(3)m m m --=-. ··································································· (1分)解得3m =,4m =-. ∵3m =不合题意舍去,∴4m =-. 点F 的坐标是()4,21-. ·········································································· (1分)】【2019届一模奉贤】24.(本题满分12分,每小题满分6分)B如图10,在平面直角坐标系中,直线AB 与抛物线2yax bx 交于点A(6,0)和点B(1,-5).(1)求这条抛物线的表达式和直线AB 的表达式;(2)如果点C 在直线AB 上,且∠BOC 的正切值是32,求点C 的坐标.【24.解:(1)由题意得,抛物线2yax bx 经过点A(6,0)和点B(1,-5),代入得3660,5.a b a b 解得1,6.ab∴抛物线的表达式是26y x x =-. ······ (4分)由题意得,设直线AB 的表达式为ykxb ,它经过点A(6,0)和点B(1,-5),代入得60,5.k bk b解得1,6.k b∴直线AB 的表达式是6y x =-. ········ (2分)(2)过点O 作OH AB ,垂足为点H .设直线AB 与y 轴交点为点D ,则点D 坐标为()0,6-.∴45ODA OAD,cos45DH OH OD ==•︒= ∵2BD,∴22BH.在Rt △OBH 中,90OHB ,3tan 2OHOBHBH. ······························· (2分)∵∠BOC 的正切值是32,∴BOCCBO . ··············································· (1分) ①当点C 在点B 上方时,BOCCBO .∴COCB . 设点C(,6)x x -,2222(6)(1)(65)x x xxOy图10ABxyo解得174x,1776644x .--------------------------------------------------------------------(2分)所以点D坐标为177,44⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭. ②当点C 在点B 下方,BOC CBO 时,OC//AB. 点C 不在直线AB 上. ········ (1分)综上所述,如果∠BOC 的正切值是32,点C 的坐标是177,44⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭.】【2019届一模松江】24.(本题满分12分,第(1)小题3分,第(2)小题4分,第(3)小题5分)如图,抛物线cbx x y ++-=221经过点A (﹣2,0),点B (0,4).(1)求这条抛物线的表达式;(2)P 是抛物线对称轴上的点,联结AB 、PB ,如果∠PBO=∠BAO ,求点P 的坐标; (3)将抛物线沿y 轴向下平移m 个单位,所得新抛物线与y 轴交于点D ,过点D 作DE∥x 轴交新抛物线于点E ,射线EO 交新抛物线于点F ,如果EO=2OF ,求m 的值.【24.解:(1)∵抛物线经过点A (﹣2,0),点B (0,4)∴⎩⎨⎧==+--4022c c b …………(1分), 解得14b c =⎧⎨=⎩………………………(1分) ∴抛物线解析式为2142y x x =-++ …………………………………………(1分)(第24题图)y xOBA(2)()2912142122+--=++-=xxxy…………………………………(1分)∴对称轴为直线x=1,过点P作PG ⊥y轴,垂足为G ∵∠PBO=∠BAO,∴tan∠PBO=tan∠BAO,∴PG BOBG AO=……………………………………………(1分)∴121BG=,∴12BG=…………………………………(1分)∴72OG=,∴P(1,27)………………………………(1分)(3)设新抛物线的表达式为2142y x x m=-++-…(1分)则()0,4D m-,()2,4E m-,DE=2……………………(1分)过点F作FH⊥y轴,垂足为H,∵DE∥FH,EO=2OF∴2=1DE EO DOFH OF OH==,∴FH=1……………………………………………(1分)点D在y轴的正半轴上,则51,2F m⎛⎫--⎪⎝⎭,∴52OH m=-∴42512DO mOH m-==-,∴m=3……………………………………………………(1分)点D在y轴的负半轴上,则91,2F m⎛⎫-⎪⎝⎭,∴92OH m=-∴42912DO mOH m-==-,∴m=5……………………………………………………(1分)∴综上所述m的值为3或5.】(第24题图)yx OBAEDF H【2019届一模嘉定】24.(本题满分12分,每小题4分)在平面直角坐标系xOy (如图7)中,抛物线22++=bx ax y 经过点)0,4(A 、)2,2(B ,与y 轴的交点为C .(1)试求这个抛物线的表达式;(2)如果这个抛物线的顶点为M ,求△AMC 的面积; (3)如果这个抛物线的对称轴与直线BC 交于点D ,点E 在线段AB 上,且︒=∠45DOE ,求点E 的坐标.【24. 解:(1)∵抛物线22++=bx ax y 点经过)0,4(A 、)2,2(B ∴⎩⎨⎧=++=++222402416b a b a ……………………1分 ∴⎪⎪⎩⎪⎪⎨⎧=-=2141b a …………2分 ∴抛物线的表达式是221412++-=x x y …………1分 (2)由(1)得:抛物线221412++-=x x y 的顶点M 的坐标为)49,1(……1分图7O 11-1 -1∴点C 的坐标为)0,2(, ……………………1分 过点M 作y MH ⊥轴,垂足为点H ∴AOCMHC AOHM AMC S S S S ∆∆∆--= …………1分∴42211412149)41(21⨯⨯-⨯⨯-⨯+⨯=∆AMC S∴23=∆AMC S …………1分(3)联结OB过点B 作x BG ⊥轴,垂足为点G∵点B 的坐标为)2,2(,点A 的坐标为)0,4(∴2=BG ,2=GA ∴△BGA 是等腰直角三角形∴︒=∠45BAO 同理:︒=∠45BOA∵点C 的坐标为)0,2(∴2=BC ,2=OC 由题意得,△OCB 是等腰直角三角形 ∴︒=∠45DBO ,22=BO ∴DBO BAO ∠=∠∵︒=∠45DOE ∴︒=∠+∠45BOE DOB ∵︒=∠+∠45EOA BOE ∴DOB EOA ∠=∠ ∴△AOE ∽△BOD∴BO AOBD AE =…………1分 ∵抛物线221412++-=x x y 的对称轴是直线1=x ,∴点D 的坐标为)2,1(∴1=BD …………1分∴2241=AE ∴2=AE …………1分过点E 作x EF ⊥轴,垂足为点F 易得,△AFE 是等腰直角三角形 ∴1==AF EF∴点E 的坐标为)1,3( …………1分】 【2019届一模青浦】24.(本题满分12分, 其中第(1)小题3分,第(2)小题5分,第(3)小题4分)在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,将抛物线2y x =-平移后经过点A (-1,0)、B (4,0),且平移后的抛物线与y 轴交于点C (如图). (1)求平移后的抛物线的表达式;(2)如果点D 在线段CB 上,且CAD 的正弦值;(3)点E 在y 轴上且位于点C 的上方,点P 在直线BC 上,点Q 在平移后的抛物线上,如果四边形ECPQ 是菱形,求点Q 的坐标.【24.解:(1)设平移后的抛物线的解析式为2+=-+y x bx c . ······················· (1分)将A (-1,0)、B (4,0),代入得(第24题图)(备用图)101640.,--+=⎧⎨-++=⎩b c b c ··············································································· (1分) 解得:34.,=⎧⎨=⎩b c所以,2+34=-+y x x . ·········································································· (1分)(2)∵2+34=-+y x x ,∴点C 的坐标为(0,4) ····································· (1分).设直线BC 的解析式为y= kx+4,将B (4,0),代入得kx+4=0,解得k=-1,∴y= -x+4. ········································································································ 设点D 的坐标为(m ,4- m ).∵,∴22=2m ,解得=1m 或=1-m (舍去),∴点D 的坐标为(1,3). ········································································· (1分) 过点D 作DM ⊥AC ,过点B 作BN ⊥AC ,垂足分别为点M 、N .∵1122⋅=⋅AC BN AB OC54=⨯BN,∴17=BN . ········ (1分) ∵DM ∥BN ,∴=DM CD BN CB,∴=DM BN,∴17=DM . ···················· (1分)∴sin =17221∠==DM CAD AD . ············································· (1分)(3)设点Q 的坐标为(n ,2+34-+n n ).如果四边形ECPQ 是菱形,则0>n ,PQ ∥y 轴,PQ=PC ,点P 的坐标为(n ,4-+n ).∵22+3444=-++-=-PQ n n n n n,=PC , ····································· (2分)∴24-n n,解得=4n 或=0n (舍). ·········································· (1分) ∴点Q的坐标为(4,2). ···················································· (1分)】【2019届一模静安】24.(本题满分12分,其中第(1)小题4分,第(2)小题3分,第(3)小题5分)在平面直角坐标系xOy 中(如图10),已知抛物线2(0)y ax bx c a =++≠的图像经过点(40)B ,、(53)D ,,设它与x 轴的另一个交点为A (点A 在点B 的左侧),且ABD ∆的面积是3.(1)求该抛物线的表达式; (2)求ADB ∠的正切值;(3)若抛物线与y 轴交于点C ,直线CD 交x 轴于点E ,点P 在射线AD 上,当APE ∆与 ABD ∆相似时,求点P 的坐标.【24.解:(1)过点D 作DH ⊥x 轴,交x 轴于点H .∵132ABD S AB DH ∆=⋅=,又∵(5,3)D∴2AB =.····························································································· (1分) ∵(4,0)B ,点A 在点B 的左侧,∴(2,0)A . ····························································································· (1分)把(2,0)A ,(4,0)B ,(5,3)D 分别代入2y ax bx c =++, 得04201643255a b ca b c a b c =++⎧⎪=++⎨⎪=++⎩解得168a b c =⎧⎪=-⎨⎪=⎩. ···························································· (1分)∴抛物线解析式是268y x x =-+. ······························································ (1分)(2)过点B 作BG AD ⊥,交AD 于点G . ··················································· (1分)BD O图10xy﹒ ﹒由(2,0)A ,(5,0)H ,(5,3)D ,得ADH ∆是等腰直角三角形,且45HAD ∠=∵3AH DH ==,∴AD = ································································ (1分) ∴在等腰直角AGB ∆中,由2AB =,得AG BG ==,∴DG AD AG =-=∴在Rt DGB ∆中,1tan 2BG ADB DG ∠==. ·················································· (1分)(3)∵抛物线268y x x =-+与y 轴交于点(0,8)C ,又(5,3)D ,∴直线CD 的解析式为8y x =-+,∴(8,0)E . ···························································································· (1分) 当点P 在线段AD 上时,APE ∆∽ABD ∆,点,,A P E 分别与点,,A B D 对应,则AP AE AB AD =,即AB AE AP AD ⨯===.………………………………………(1分)··························································································································· 过点P 作PQ ⊥∴2AQ PQ ==,即(4,2)P . ····································································· (1分) ②当点P 在线段AD 延长线上时,APE ADB ∠=∠, ·················································· ∴EP //DB过点P 作PR x ⊥轴于点R , ··················································································13AH AD AB AR AP AE ===,∴9AR PR ==, ······················································································ (1分) 即(11,9)P . ···························································································· (1分) ∴APE ∆与ABD ∆相似时,点P 的坐标为 (4,2)或 (11,9).】 【2019届一模宝山】24.(本题满分12分,第(1)小题满分6分,第(2)小题满分6分) 如图9,已知:二次函数的图像交x 轴正半轴于点A ,顶点为P,一次函数2y x bx=+。
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教 师 罗宗星 学 生 上课时间 2019
学 科
初中数学 年 级 九年级 课题名称
2019一模24题汇编
教学目标 重点难点
一模24题汇编
题型一:面积专题
(2019宝山一模)24、(本题满分12分)
如图,已知:二次函数bx x y +=2
的图像交x 轴正半轴于点A ,顶点为P ,一次函数32
1
-=x y 的图像交x 轴于点B ,交y 轴于点C ,∠OCA 的正切值为3
2. (1)求二次函数的解析式与顶点P 坐标;
(2)将二次函数图像向下平移m 个单位,设平移后抛物线顶点为P ′,若P BC P AB S S '∆'∆=,求m 的值.
(2019长宁一模)24、(本题满分12分)
如图,在直角坐标系平面内,抛物线经过原点O ,点B (1,3),又与x 轴正半轴相较于点A ,
BAO=45∠︒,点P 是线段AB 上的一点,过点P 作PM//OB ,与抛物线相较于点M ,且点M 在第一
象限内。
(1)求抛物线的表达式
(2)BMP=AOB ∠∠若,求点P 的坐标
(3)过点M 作MC x ⊥轴,分别交直线AB 、x 轴于点N 、C ,若ANC ∆的面积等于PMN ∆的面积的2倍,求
MN
NC
的值。
题型二:45°或135°相似专题
(2019虹口一模)24、(本题满分12分)
如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,抛物线c bx x y ++-=2
与x 轴相交于点O 和点B (4,0),点 A (3,m )在抛物线上.
(1)求抛物线的表达式,并写出它的对称轴; (2)求tan ∠OAB 的值;
(3)点D 在抛物线的对称轴上,如果∠BAD=45°,求点D 的坐标.
在平面直角坐标系xOy (如图)中,抛物线22
++=bx ax y 经过点A (4,0)、B (2,2),与y 轴的交点为C.
(1)试求这个抛物线的表达式;
(2)如果这个抛物线的顶点为M ,求△AMC 的面积;
(3)如果这个抛物线的对称轴与直线BC 交于点D ,点E 在线段AB 上,且∠DOE=45°,求点E 的坐标.
在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,抛物线)0(2
≠++=a c bx ax y 与y 轴交于点C (0,2),它的顶点为 D (1,m ),且tan ∠COD=
3
1
. (1)求m 的值及抛物线的表达式;
(2)将此抛物线向上平移后与x 轴正半轴交于点A ,与y 轴交于点B ,且OA=OB ,若点A 是由抛物线上的点E 平移所得,求点E 的坐标;
(3)在(2)的条件下,点P 是抛物线对称轴上的一点(位于x 轴上方),且∠APB=45°,求P 点的坐标.
如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,抛物线)0(32
≠-+=a bx ax y 与x 轴交于点A (﹣1,0)和点B ,且OB=3OA ,与y 轴交于点C ,此抛物线顶点为点D. (1)求抛物线的表达式及点D 的坐标;
(2)如果点E 是y 轴上的一点(点E 与点C 不重合),当BE ⊥DE 时,求点E 的坐标; (3)如果点F 是抛物线上的一点,且∠FBD=135°,求点F 的坐标.
题型三:角相等专题(锐角三角比&相似)
(2019黄埔一模)24、(本题满分12分)
在平面直角坐标系中,已知抛物线)0(2
>++=a c bx ax y 与x 轴交于A (﹣1,0)、B 两点(点A 在点B 的左侧),与y 轴交于点C ,抛物线的顶点为点D ,对称轴为直线1=x ,交x 轴于点E ,tan ∠BDE=
2
1
. (1)求抛物线表达式;
(2)若点P 是对称轴上一点,且∠DCP=∠BDE ,求点P 的坐标.
已知:在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,抛物线bx ax y +=2
经过点A (5,0)、B (﹣3,4),抛物线的对称轴与x 轴相交于点D. (1)求抛物线的表达式;
(2)联结OB 、BD ,求∠BDO 的余切值;
(3)如果点P 在线段BO 的延长线上,且∠PAO=∠BAO ,求点P 的坐标.
已知:如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,直线b x y +-
=2
1
与x 轴相交于点A ,与y 轴相交于点B ,抛物线442
+-=ax ax y 经过点A 和点B ,并与x 轴相交于另一点C ,对称轴与x 轴相交于点D. (1)求抛物线的表达式; (2)求证:△BOD ∽△AOB ;
(3)如果点P 在线段AB 上,且∠BCP=∠DBO ,求点P 的坐标.
题型四:相似专题
(2019金山一模)24、(本题满分12分)
已知抛物线c bx x y ++=2
经过点A (0,6)、点B (1,3),直线1l :)0(≠=k kx y ,直线2l :
2--=x y ,直线1l 经过抛物线c bx x y ++=2的顶点P ,且1l 与2l 相交于点C ,直线2l 与x 轴、y 轴
分别交于点D 、E ,若把抛物线上下平移,使抛物线的顶点在直线2l 上(此时抛物线的顶点记为M ),再把抛物线左右平移,使抛物线的顶点在直线1l 上(此时抛物线的顶点记为N ). (1)求抛物线c bx x y ++=2
的解析式;
(2)判断以点N 为圆心,半径长为4的圆与直线2l 的位置关系,并说明理由;
(3)设点F 、H 在直线1l 上(点H 在点F 的下方),当△MHF 与△OAB 相似时,求点F 、H 的坐标(直接写出结果).
在平面直角坐标系xOy 中(如图),已知抛物线)0(2
≠++=a c bx ax y 的图像经过点B (4,0)、 D (5,3),设它与x 轴的另一个交点为A (点A 在点B 的左侧),且△ABD 的面积是3. (1)求该抛物线的表达式; (2)求∠ADB 的正切值;
(3)若抛物线与y 轴交于点C ,直线CD 交x 轴于点E ,点P 在射线AD 上,当△APE 与△ABD 相似时,求点P 的坐标.
如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,顶点为M 的抛物线C 11:)0(2
<+=a bx ax y 经过点A 和x 轴上的点B ,AO=BO=2,∠AOB=120°. (1)求该抛物线的表达式; (2)联结AM ,求AOM S ∆;
(3)将抛物线C 1向上平移得到抛物线C 2,抛物线C 2与x 轴分别交于点E 、F (点E 在点F 左侧),如果△MBF 与△AOM 相似,求所有符合条件的抛物线C 2的表达式.
如图,抛物线c bx x y ++-
=2
2
1经过点A (﹣2,0)
、点B (0,4). (1)求这条抛物线的表达式;
(2)P 是抛物线对称轴上的点,联结AB 、PB ,如果∠PBO=∠BAO ,求点P 的坐标;
(3)将抛物线沿y 轴向下平移m 个单位,所得抛物线与y 轴交于点D ,过点D 作DE ∥x 轴交新抛物线于点E ,射线ED 交新抛物线于点F ,如果EO=2OF ,求m 的值.
如图,在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,直线AB 与抛物线bx ax y +=2
交于点A (6,0)和点B (1,﹣5).
(1)求这条抛物线的表达式和直线AB 的表达式; (2)如果点C 在直线AB 上,且∠BOC 的正切值是2
3
,求点C 的坐标.
题型五:综合(直角三角形、等腰三角形、等腰梯形、平行四边形)
(2019青浦一模)24、(本题满分12分)
在平面直角坐标系xOy 中,将抛物线2
x y -=平移后经过点A (﹣1,0),B (4,0),且平移后的抛物线与y 轴交于点C (如图). (1)求平移后的抛物线的表达式;
(2)如果点D 在线段CB 上,且CD=2,求∠CAD 的正弦值;
(3)点E 在y 轴上且位于点C 的上方,点P 在直线BC 上,点Q 在平移后的抛物线上,如果四边形ECPQ 是菱形,求点Q 的坐标.。