自考“基础英语”复习资料讲课讲稿
自考英语讲义0302

II. Text LearningReflections: Friendship and loyalty①How many of us recognize true loyalty in a friend? Loyalty consistsof(参考Unit1,TextA)a friend, who will stick by you, through thick and thin. Afriend who is always honest with you and never betrays the friendship with liesis a loyal friend. If you have a loyal friend, you have indeed found a truevirtue in that friend.(承上句)②The current trend on the internet is befriending anyone who requests to beyour friend. However, this new trend may lead to disasters.(承上句)It may bepopular and trendy to have a network filled with a multitude of mutual friends.However, one true loyal friend may be the only friend you need.③A term used on the popular Facebook site is B.F.F. This acronym means bestfriends forever. Are they really your best friends forever? You might askyourself this question, "Will they share my private matters with others on thepages of Facebook, or perish the thought, engage in gossip about me withothers?" (1)If the answer to that is , "I don't know", more than likely, theywill not be your best friends forever. Maybe not, even for a day. 本部分重点及难点:隐藏重难点解析1. If the answer to that is , "I don't know", more than likely(很有可能), they willnot be your best friends forever.more than likely: very likelymore than happy: very happymore than pleased: very pleased请认真答题,答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩!【单选题】6. He is _______ willing to shall his happiness withus.A.moreB.more thanC.enoughD.too【答案】B【解析】本题考查more than+adj.。
自考《英语二》内容串讲备考资料

英语二内容串讲阅读三重境界*彻底糊涂:细节*彻底明白:细节+主旨*似懂非懂:翻译阅读四项能力词能、句能、篇能、考能词能第一一、五个猜词绝招1.利用上下文确定词义例1:He is successful as a businessman because of his dynamic personality. He seems to have unlimited energy.例2:Sociology is the term used to describe the scientific study of human society.例3:A first year college or university student is commonly a 'freshman', and 'sophomore', 'junior' and 'senior' designate the second—third—and fourth—year student.例4:The tired soldiers trudged through knee deep mud for hours before they found a dry place to sleep.2.利用构词法确定词义例1:Many cancers have been arrested with the use of chemotherapy.例2:They overestimate the interviewee's ability and asked too many difficult questions.例3:The murderer had developed a poison which could not be tasted or smelled when mixed with food. Because it was imperceptible, he was able to murder a number of people without being caught.3.利用语法知识确定词义例1:For their fishing and hunting the men used a kayak, a small boat for one person.例2:A solar eclipse—when the moon passes between the Earth and the sun—in an unusual and interesting phenomenon that occurs rarely.例3:Ventilation, as we know, is a system or means of providing fresh air. It plays a very important part in the field of engineering.例4:The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope, an instrument for listening to a patient's heartbeat and breathing.4.根据同义、反义关系确定词义表示反义的信号词:in contrast, on the other hand, rather than, however, yet, although, while, unlike, but, whereas, as opposed to……例1:My sister Mane is an optimist, while her boyfriend is one who is always gloomy and expects the worst to happen.例2:Sally liked to concoct all sorts of stories, but her mother always knew when she was lying.例3:A gorilla always makes me think of the word aloof—not friendly, of distance from others.5. 利用逻辑推理和常识确定词义例1:Fishes live in water and have fins which help them to swim. Most fishes have slimy skins covered with scales, but in fishes such as eels the scales are very small and can hardly be seen.例2:Not wanting to disturb the sleeping kitten, I gingerly lifted her from the box and put her on a blanket near the heater.二、词的构成:常见的前缀和后缀前缀:改变词义,不改变词性后缀:改变词性,不改变词义前缀:en-/em-;否定前缀;后缀:名词后缀;形容词后缀;动词后缀;副词后缀前缀en-, em- “使…”enable v. 使能够eg: The pass enables me to travel half-price on trains.我用这张通行证坐火车半价。
自学考试《英语(二)》串讲资料(一)

主要内容 试卷分析和最新出题思路 重点语法 备考要诀及学习⽅法 最新英语(⼆)试卷主观题统计数据 考题 满分 平均分 单词拼写 10 2.48 词形填空 10 2.17 汉译英 15 5.53 英译汉 15 10.75 总分 50 20.93 最新出题思路 (1)与课⽂的关系 往年与课⽂有关的⼤题:第⼀、第四、第五和第六⼤题 近年与课⽂有关的⼤题:第四和第六⼤题 建议:熟读课⽂,掌握课⽂中的⼤纲词汇,特别留意课⽂中体现重点语法和经典句型的句⼦。
(2)与课⽂⽆关的⼤题:第⼆、第三、第七⼤题。
⽂章选材:主要涉及社会⽂化、风俗习惯、教育、历史、和⽣活常识等内容。
建议:⼴泛阅读此类题材的⽂章,是中英⽂对照版本。
推荐杂志:《英语沙龙》,《⼤学英语》,《英语学习》。
每道题的考点: 第⼀题:词汇语法题 主要考点:定语从句、名词性从句的引导词;状语从句的连接词;词汇辨析;固定搭配;常⽤句型。
近年来词汇题⽐重增加。
建议:通过学习教材上下册,熟练掌握基本语法,背熟⼤纲词汇,加强同义词、近义词、和形似词的⽐较,牢记固定搭配。
历年试题举例: 1. At the end of 1994 the pitish government introduced new measures to help ____domestic workers from abuse by their employers. [A] protect [B] suspect [C] expect [D]inspect A 2. I‘m wondering why he hasn’t turned ___ at the meeting. [A] down [B] up [C] out [D] over B 3. By using both ears one can tell the direction ___ a sound comes. [A] in which [B] from which[C] over which[D] with which B 第⼆题:完型填空题 主要考点:除了第⼀⼤题已提到的考点外,还注重考察介词、连词、副词、代词等虚词的⽤法。
自考《英语二》讲义总结大纲

英语(二)学习是一种信仰英语(二)讲义【00015】【内部资料】课程介绍一、课程性质英语(二)是高等教育自学考试各专业(英语专业除外)本科阶段的公共基础课。
三、本资料介绍针对英语(二)试题中第一题到第四题,本资料给出对应的解题技巧及真题举例;第五题和第六题主要涉及到英语语法,本资料将近5 年真题涉及到的语法知识进行总结,详细解释并举对应的真题为例;针对第七题作文部分,本资料给出写作模板及参考例文。
如果您能认真阅读本资料并掌握其中的解题技巧和语法知识,那么您一定能顺利通过考试!目录第一部分语法知识 (4)第一单元名词形容词副词介词 (4)第一章名词 (4)第二章形容词 (5)第三章副词 (8)第四章介词 (10)第二单元谓语动词 (11)第一章系动词 (12)第二章情态动词 (12)第三章时态 (13)第四章英语语态 (16)第三单元非谓语动词 (17)第一章动词不定式 (18)第二章分词 (19)第四单元从句 (21)第一章名词性从句 (21)第二章形容词从句(定语从句) (21)第三章副词从句(状语从句) (21)第五单元并列结构 (22)第二部分应对技巧 (24)第一章阅读判断 (24)第二章阅读选择 (28)第三章概括段落大意和补全句子 (33)第四章填句补文 (36)第五章填词补文 (38)第六章完形补文 (40)第七章短文写作 (41)一、概念第一部分语法知识第一单元名词形容词副词介词第一章名词名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如:person,phone,China,time二、用法1.名词作主语和宾语。
●Knowledge is power. (知识就是力量。
)●I love English. (我喜欢英语。
)2.名词可以作定语修饰名词①作定语的名词往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等②被修饰的名词变复数时,一般情况下,作定语用的名词不需要变为复数形式。
● a diamond ring(一枚钻戒)●orange juice(橙汁)●English lessons(英语课)3.名词分为可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词出现时,要么是复数名词,要么前面加限定词,如冠词(a、an 或 the),不可数名词永远是单数形式。
自考【英语二基础精讲】第一课

英语(二)介绍英语(二)是高等教育自学考试各专业(英语专业除外)本科阶段的公共基础课。
大纲要求系统的英语语法知识和一定的词汇量(4500)单词记忆—艾宾浩斯记忆法艾宾浩斯(Hermann Ebbinghaus)样卷以2015年10月真题为例Black FridayEveryone likes to shop for gifts for the holiday season, but few people know the history of holiday shopping. While people have heard of Black Friday, most do not know its origins. Black Friday is the day after Thanksgiving ( 感恩节 ). On this day most retail stores open their doors very early. Some as early as 4 am. In addition, they provide their customers with great discounts on products. With this in mind, it is clear to see why so many shoppers buy many of their Christmas gifts on Black Friday.1.Many people know the history of Black Friday.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not GivenLiving in Brazil (巴西)and SwitzerlandMoving to a different city may seem difficult. You have to change schools and get used to your new home. But you can always go back to that city to visit. When you move to another country, things are different. However, difficult as it may be, the experience can be rewarding.11. The author's parentsA.share similar interestsB.have different jobsC.have different personalitiesD.enjoy reading books【基础精讲】英语(二)第一次课2015年10月真题—概括段落大意More Than One Kind of Intelligence①You may have heard people mention “I Q”w h e n talking about howsmart someone is. IQ stands for “Intelligence quotient (智商)”. It can help predict how well someone may do academically.The Princess DiseaseHave you ever heard of the princess disease? It is a terrible disease.26 It wastes away at one's social life and people's tolerance. People with this disease think they are better than everyone else, without a real reason.People Use Technology More, Sleep Less People in Britain now spend more time watching TV, gaming, and using their mobile phones and computers than sleeping. A study _31_ that British people use technology for 20 minutes longer than they spend sleeping.Be GratefulWhether you are a waiter (wait) or a doctor, your job is about serving others and making their life better. We have all 41 (have) experiences where someone 42 (work) in their job has lifted us up and made a 43 (different) to our day or brought us down and made our day worse.【基础精讲】英语(二)第一次课2015年10月真题—短文写作假设你的美国朋友M ike要去你的家乡旅游,请给他写一封电子邮件,告诉他:1.近期的天气情况;2.需要注意的事项;3.你期待与他见面。
自考英语讲义0405

自考英语讲义0405II. Text LearningHow to Start Your Own Business1 The paradox of starting your own business lies in the simultaneous challengeand reward, making it an experience unlike any other. So many businesses fail,and most entrepreneurs exclude thiselves from the possibility. The tragicreality is that when businesses fail, the passion often dies with it.(承上句)Byfollowing some sound advice and being prepared for the process, you willdecrease your chances of losing a lot more than you bargained for. I haverecently started a business and have learned some crucial lessons in the processthat I feel privileged to share with you.(承上启下句)2 1. Identify your motivation. Why do you want to start your own business? Tohave more time? T o make more money? To be your own boss? To have creativecontrol over what you love to do? Write out all of yourmotivating factors andprioritize thi.(承上启下句)When you see thi listed, you might see a pattern in thatyou're just unhappy at your current job and starting your own business isn't theanswer.3 2. Identify your passion. What do you love to do? What skills and knowledge doyou uniquely bring to the table? What gets you excited about your work? Keepthat passion at the forefront of your business plan, your marketing strategies,and your daily routine. (1)If you keep your passion in plain sight, you willstay focused on the purpose of your business and not solely on the logistics.4 3. Identify your market. If you are starting your business locally, researchyour competitors. Determine if there is room in the market for your business.What will you do differently to draw in customers? What niche market are theother businesses missing? If you are starting an Internet company, research therequirients for your own unique Web presence. Your business cannot survivewithout customers, so do enough research on the front end to determine if thereare enough potential clients to keep your business alive.5 4. Identify your finances. If you have ever purchased a new home, you knowthat the financial obligations (债务)extend beyond the down payment and themortgage. You have to buy furniture, trash cans, a garage door opener(车库门遥控开关),light fixtures and landscaping equipment(景观美化设备),and before you know it, you'vefar exceeded your financial boundaries. That can happen just as easily in abusiness. Do exhaustive(详尽的)financial planning. Meet with a financialadvisor(财政顾问)or someone at your bank to examine the financial viability of yourbusiness and the process of getting it up and running. Plan wisely and do notassume the best about your business. Be prepared for financial loss and getadvice on how to alleviate that burden in the future.6 5. Identify your support systi. Seek out advice from seasoned business owners,even those in your own field. Develop relationships with people who can offersound advice and criticism that you might not see. If there is a business ownerin your community or in your network that you aspire to model, examine his orher business practices and how they handle various situations. Ask for counselbefore big decisions, and even create your own makeshift Board of Directors tohelp guide you in the planning and start-up process.7 Once you have all of these elients in place, you are prepared to start theprocess of developing a business plan, applying for a license, establishing amarketing presence(营销实体), etc. (2)Owning your ownbusiness can be unparalleledin the professional world, and if you surround yourself with wise counsel, youcan have a career that daily feeds your passion.本文重点及难点:显示重难点解析1. If you keep your passion in plain sight, you will stay focused on the purposeof your business and not solely on the logistics.(1) keep sth. in plain sight显而易见,一览无余(2) stay focused on 关注于 2. Owning your own business can be unparalleledin the professional world, and if you surround yourself with wise counsel, youcan have a career that daily feeds your passion.(1) unparalleled 无双的,无与伦比的,空前的(2) surround yourself with wise counsel 征求他人的建议(3) a career thatfeeds your passion 满足你的热情的事业,充满激情的事业。
自考英语讲义0104

I. New words and expressionsNew words1. confidence n.自信心;把握相关词:confidentbe confident of sb. / sth.have / lose confidence in sb. / sth.注意比较:confident / confidential2. program v. 训练;培养3. mastery n. 控制;驾驭4. destiny n. 命运;天命;天数5. dramatically adv. 巨大地;惊人地;显著地6. quality n. 质量;品质7. subconscious adj. 下意识的;潛意识的8. please v. 使满意;使愉快9. command n.(给人或动物的)命令10. knowingly adv. 故意地;蓄意地11. impact n. 巨大影响;强大作用12. matter v. 事关紧要;有重大影响13. confident adj. 自信的;有自信心的14. sense n.(对重大事情的)感觉,意识15. eliminate v. 排除;清除;消除eliminate all grammatical mistakesbe eliminated in the first round16. disempower v. 剥夺;使失去权利;剥夺力量注意构词法:dis(表示否定)+em(使,赋予)+power en- / em-常见的动词前缀,如:enable, enrich, endanger, enlarge等。
empower v. 授权,赋予权利17. self-esteem n. 自尊(心)18. limit v. 限制;限定区分两个名词limit和limitation。
There is a limit / are limits to one's life.There is no limit / are no limits to knowledge.Everyone has his own limitations.19. infinite adj. 极大的;无法衡量的相关词:finite, finitely, infinitely20. stifle v. 压制;扼杀;阻止21. creativity n. 创造力相关词:create, creation, creator, creative, creatively22. internal adj. 内心的;头脑中的23. insignificant adj. 微不足道的;无足轻重的相关词:significant, significance, significantly, insignificance24. commonly adv. 通常;常常25. alternative n. 可供选择的事物,替代物have no alternative but to do sth.Is there any alternative to going to the cinema?26. fabulous adj. 极好的;绝妙的Phrases and Expressions1. carry out 完成(任务)2. be up to 取决于3. have an impact on/upon 对…产生巨大影响4. rub …out 用橡皮擦掉(字迹等)5. be in control of掌管;管理;控制。
专升本英语辅导讲座01

• • • • •
The boy The cute boy The cute boy in blue jeans The cute boy wearing blue jeans The cute boy who is wearing blue jeans
专升本英语辅导讲座
第一讲 名词及名词短语
Introduction
语言的构造级别
1.词 word 词 2.短语 phrase 短语 3.句子 sentence 句子 4.段落 paragraph 段落 5.篇章 discourse 篇章
英语中的短语有很多种类
动词短语 have been doing 介词短语 for you 名词短语 my best friends …… 其中,名词短语最为重要, 其中,名词短语最为重要,是句子中不可 或缺的元素 名词与它的修饰语一起即构成名词短语
is my brother.
修饰名词的定语的语序位置
左二右六规律
限定词+形容词 中心名词 六类后置定语 限定词 形容词+中心名词 形容词 中心名词+六类后置定语
介词短语 分词短语 不定式短语 形容词短语 定语从句 同位语从句
英语句子的五成分
主谓宾定 主谓宾定状补 主谓宾状补——句子成分 主谓宾状补 句子成分 定语——短语成分 定语 短语成分
1.1.2 名词的分类
意义 专有名词 例词 表示特定的人、 表示特定的人、物、 Paris, the United 机构或场所的名词 States, Bill Gates 首字母需大写) (首字母需大写) 个体名词 表示同类的人或物中 student, tree, hospital, house, 的个体 piano 表示若干人或物的总 team, committee, police, group, 称 family 表示物质和材料的总 paper, water, cotton, air 称 表示动作、性质、 表示动作、性质、状 birth, happiness, 态或情感等抽象概念 evolution, technology, 的名称 management, imagination, hope
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一、名词和短语的英汉互译:1.Quota―配额、定量maintenance―维持、保持tariff barriers―关税壁垒invalid contract―无效合同monopolistic competition―垄断性竞争depreciation=devaluation―贬值inventory―存货清单cost effectiveness―成本效益direct/indirect tax―直接/间接税the req uired reserve―法定最低储备金economics of scale―规模经济packaging material―包装材料inferior product―残次品manufactured goods―产成品survey report―调查报告consumer goods―消费品export/import quota―出口/进口配额claim―索赔technical expertise-技术知识compensation trade-补偿贸易raw material-原材料traffic jam-交通阻塞subsidiary company-分公司multilateral trade-多边贸易service trade-服务贸易trade gap-贸易差额assembly line-生产线planned/market economy-计划/市场经济Universal Product Code-产品统一条形码visible/invisible trade-有形/无形贸易insurance policy-保险单excess reserves-额外储备金free port-自由港public interest-公共利益comparative advantage-比较优势trail order-试订单foreign-trade zones-外贸保税区sole agent-独家代理registered trade mark-注册商标geographic area-地理位置standardized container-标准集装箱delivery rate-运费target market-目标市场fraud-欺诈annal revence/annual gain-年收入means of production-生产资料retained profits-留存收益advertising media-广告媒介Gross National Product-国民生产总值Gross Domestic Product-国内生产总值consumption expenditures-消费品支出credit ration-信用额度know-how-专有技术tax exemptions-税收减免demand curve-需求曲线income tax-所得税joint venture-合资企业interest charge-利息费working capital-营运资金board of directors-董事会work permits-工作许可regular port-普通港productive capacity-生产能力labor force-劳动力transportation mode-运输方式infrastructure-基础设施barter trade-易货贸易premium-保险费weather conditions-天气条件market share-市场份额investment expenditure-投资性支出profit position-盈利状况communication system-通讯系统energy crisis-能源危机inflation rate-通货膨胀率fair dealing-公平交易financial institution-金融机构retailer-零售商terms of payment-付款方式technology transfer-技术转让a confirm offer-实盘disposable-可支的收入shopping center-购物中心economic crisis-经济危机a price-and-market mechanism-市场价格机制the supply and demand apparatus-供求机制inventory carrying costs-存货占用成本replacement cost-重置费用money market-货币市场capital-output ratio-资本产出比率the differentiation of the product-产品鉴别intangible factors-无形因素demand schedule-需求计划better quality products at good values-物美价廉的商品a dead-end job-没有出路的工作lower the cost-降低成本put on the market-投放市场mass-production-批量生产artificial silk-人造丝in the red-赤字preferential credit treasures-优惠的信用措施an industrialized country-工业化国家a merchant fleet-商船船队checkout counter-收款台interpersonal relations-人际关系downtown business district-城市商业区checking accounts-活期存款帐户high repeat exposure-很高的重复接触率underwriting-承保hypothetical economy-假设经济capital equipment-资本设备demand/supply elasticity-需求/供给弹性in random fashion-以任意的形式economic literature-经济学文献monopoly elements-垄断要素rational,thought-out decision-深思熟虑的理智的决定insurer-承保人taxpayer-纳税人二、单选中易考的短语和句式:the average person:般人make…into:把……制成…pay…for:为了得到…而付钱make profit:盈利;赚钱as far as sth. Is concerned:就…而言on average:平均last for ever:一直用下去look after=take care of:照看;照料once in a lifetime:一辈子一次的,难得的persuade sb to do sth:劝说某人做某事persuade sb out of sth/doing sth:劝说某人不要做某事throw away:丢弃lead to:导致trade in sth for sth else:以一物换取另一物out of fashion:过时in fashion:流行turn…into…:使…变成…get into trouble:陷入困境be at work:在起作用go down:(物价)下降,下跌in the meanwhile:在此期间in limited quantities:有限的数量go into sth:加入:开始做strive to do sth:努力做某事protect …from…:使…免受…的伤害be harmful to sth:对…有害first of all:首先be composed of:由…组成,构成be labled as…:贴上…标签be on guard:警惕take sth for granted:认为某事当然,想当然in the order of:依…次序trick sb into doing sth:诱使某人做某事suffer from sth:遭受(疾病、灾难等)as a result of:由于under pressure:处于压力之下warn sb of(against)sth:警告、告诫drive sb to suicide:逼得某人自杀point out:指出run away from:逃离move house:搬家fall ill:生病in times of…:在…时候take up:从事;开始做…to tail after a man:尾随某人be in good(poor)health:健康情况好(差)commit a crime:犯罪as with…:如同…那样lose one‘s lead:失去领先地位change hands:转手、易手lead…in…:在哪方面居领先地位be designed to:目的是add to:提高、增加do away with:消灭、消除check out:付账后离开protection against the cold:御寒in many different climates:在不同的气候条件下spin sth into yarn:把…纺成纱guard a secret:保守秘密be known as:被称为by no means:决不by means of…:用…、依靠…go as high as…percentage:高达…的百分比arrange for sb to do sth:安排某人做某事take a train:乘火车hold on to:抓住…不放enter into business:开始经商according to…:根据…in general:一般地、大体上get used to…=become accustomed to…:习惯于…complain about:抱怨apply to:适用于get along with…:与…相处at least:至少deal in sth:经营…slow down:减速provide sb with sth:为某人提供某物be in use:正在使用中place of historical interest:名胜古迹get around:各处旅行come to the conclusion that…:得到的结论是…be chartered for sth:被租来做某事have (no)trouble/difficulty in doing sth:做某事有困难be superior to:比…优越mix with:与…混合combine with:与…化合on earth:在世间separate…from:把…和…分开use up:用完an aid to sth:对…有所帮助inform sb of sth:通知某人某事go beyond:超越create a desire for…:激发对…的需求take advantage of:利用…;占便宜at this point:此时此刻for emotional motives:出于情感compete with(against)sb for sth:为了得到某物而与某人竞争remain in one‘s mind:记在心里get the attention of:吸引…的注意get down to do sth:开始认真做某事have advantage in doing sth:做…有好处prefer to do sth rather than do sth:愿意做…而不愿做…to be limited by:受限于…to confine…to…:把…局限于…in a position to do:能够做…have a effect on:对…有影响,有作用be aimed at:以…为目的relate to:与…有关associate with:与…联系在一起be subject to:受…的控制in a search for…=in search of:寻找、寻求lead up:引入…in addition to…:除…之外couple with:与…相结合add to:增加trace to:追溯到…engage in sth:从事…be in operation:正在运转come into operation:实施、生效at large:普遍地be inclined to:倾向于…;赞同…in effect:实质上to be pessimistic about:对…感到悲观on…side:支持…step in…:介入…bine…to…:使…束缚于…make…possible to:使…成为可能by contrast:相比之下break into:闯入come across:路上偶遇某人pull though:使康复settle up:清偿,还清债务make up for:弥补,补偿put up with:忍受,容忍bestowed by:…赐予的be obliged to:不得不in terms of:在…方面specialize in:专门从事…merge with:于…联合,结合appeal to:呼吁be exposed to:使遭受、面对take in:接收,吸收prior to:从前的occasioned by:由…造成的be sufficient to:足以…to be pivotal in:起着关键作用take…into account:考虑到…in a swarm:成群,大批be aware of:知晓come up against:面对…的困难be ascribed to:归结于in excess of:超过keep pace with:与…并驾齐驱in the aggregate:总计be paired with:与…配对out of harmony with:与…不协调yearned for:渴望,向往be charmed with:被…迷住in consequence:因此replace…with…:用…代替…invest in:在…上投资be reference to:作为…的参考risk doing sth:做某事是有风险的attempt at doing sth:企图做某事take sth apart:拆开,拆散leave of:停止must have done:表示对过去的推测piggy-back service:背负式运输服务vary with sth:随…而变化held out:提出,主张anything but:决不是nothing but:只不过,仅仅是自考《基础英语》英汉互译前十分白拿两份报纸two copies of newspaper一块肥皂a bar of soap一件家具a piece of furniture一把剪刀a pair of scissors丢弃throw away陷入困境get into trouble工业产品industrial goods农产品agriculture goods一辈子一次性的收获a one-in-a-lifetime acquisition 没有出路的工作a dead-end job付一大笔钱pay good money过时be out of fashion流行be in the fashion批量生产mass-production降低成本lower the cost在起作用be at work物美价廉的产品better quality products at good values 所得税income tax投放市场put on the market小批量in limited quantities大量地in large quantities要求ask for下降go down从商go into business努力做某事strive to do sth.医疗设备medical device劣质产品inferior products一条面包a loaf of bread温和宽容的easy- going人造丝artificial silk假牙artificial teeth对…有害be harmful to警惕be on guard认为某事当然take sth for granted由…组成be composed of一个中年妇女a middle-aged women一些性格开朗的女孩an open-minded girl一个意志软弱的人 a weak-minded man一个意志坚强的人 a strong-minded soldier遭受suffer from由于压力as a result of stress警告信号warning signals交通阻塞traffic jam指出point out逃离run away from自杀commit suicide从事摄影take up photography高度工业化国家a highly industrialized country 工业生产industrial production制成品manufactured goods领先take over the lead失去领先地位lose one‘s lead赤字in the red就…而言as far as … is concerned易手change hands赚钱earn money金融中心a financial centre贸易中心a commercial centre国际贸易international trade外贸foreign trade商船船队a merchant fleet巨额金钱vast sums of money一大笔钱a large sum of money对付,处理deal with有形贸易visible trade无形贸易invisible trade贸易差额trade gap失血loss of blood高度机械化的工厂highly mechanized factory产品统一条形码universal product code黑白相间的条纹zebra stripes (or black and white stripes)斑马线zebra crossing油炸土豆片potato chips炸薯条French fries黑白电视机black and white televisions墨画black and white身上青一块紫一块be black and blue 光学扫描器an optical scanner激光束laser beam目的是be designed to消灭,消除do away with付账后离开check out到达登记check in现金出纳机cash register在左边on the left side收款台check out counter原材料raw materials制成品manufactured goods近在手边at hand衣夹clothes-peg晒衣绳clothes-line桌布 a tablecloth洗碗布a dishcloth洗碗机a dishwasher原始人primitive people现代人modern people穿着be dressed in从…上刮去scrape…from把…纺成… spin…into…把…制成make…into4000万年前over four thousand years ago 在远古时in the time immemorial富人和穷人一样the rich and the poor alike 想到think of剪去cut off讲故事spin a yarn保守秘密keep a secret直接税direct taxes间接税indirect taxes收入所得税income taxes纳税人taxpayer税务员tax-collector免税的tax-free国税state taxes地方税local taxes穷人the poor富人the rich年轻人the young老年人the old高达as high as以…形势in the form of政府机关government offices凭借by means of在某个星期一的早晨on a Monday morning 在星期一的早晨on Monday morning乘火车take train乘公共汽车take bus布莱克一家the Blacks向某人道别say goodbye to sb.向某人道歉say sorry to sb.每隔几分钟every few minutes每隔一天every other day每隔一行every other line不久以后shortly afterwards通向lead to抓牢hold on to一打鸡蛋a dozen eggs在阳光下in the sun注意pay attention to继续作某事keep (on)doting好像as if自信self-confidence自信的self-confident自大的self-important自助的self-service自给自足的self-sufficient自学的self-taught一般的in general确信be sure of习惯于become accustomed to 抱怨complain about说实话tell the truth说谎tell a lie适用于apply to处理deal with依赖于depend on必修课a required course 同…相处get along with考虑think about日复一日from day to day从始自终from beginning to end 每况愈下from bad to worse减速slow down在使用中in use不再使用out of use免费入场admission free免所得税free of income tax免费获得某物get sth. free再步行一段路即可到达的距离之内within walking distance 探知,查明find out得到以下结论come to the conclusion that得出结论draw a conclusion交通高峰时间rush hours交通拥挤traffic jams援助计划aid program视觉教具visual aids助听器hearing-aid捏粘土work clay揉面团work dough一定数量的a certain amount of大量地in large amounts小额地in small amounts优于be superior to劣于be inferior to把…与…相混合mix…with…把…与…分开separate…from把…分成se parate…into用尽use up表现了…的特点be characteristic of究竟,到底on earth五大湖区the Grate Lakes region通知某人某事inform sb of sth.利用take advantage of准备某事be ready to do sth.很容易拿到within easy reach够不到out of reach想出,熟思think out吸引…的注意get the attention of食品杂货店grocery store为…竞争compete for干得好do a good job记在心里remain in one‘s mind收款台checkout counter国营公司state-owned company合资公司joint ventures白雪覆盖的山顶snow-covered peak糖衣药丸sugar-coated pills营业时间business hors因公on business开始谈正事get down to business激烈的竞争strong competition通货膨胀inflation顺差surplus城市商业区downtown business district保险业insurance不断的never-ending受限于be limited by被认为是be perceived as把…局限于confine…to为了一切有实用价值的目的for all practical purposes 能够做in the position to do使…变成turn…to对…有影响have an effect on总纲general principles以…为目的be aimed at与…相关的relate to与…联系在一起associate with太阳能solar power受…的控制be subjected to引入lead up通讯系统communication system能源危机an energy crisis财政危机a financial crisis业余画家an amateur painter业余摄影家an amateur photographer道德的基础the basis of morality柱基the base of a pillar自然现象the phenomena of nature故意的on purpose商业银行a commercial bank金融机构a financial institution金融中心a financial centre财政困难in financial difficulties与生俱来的特权the privileges of birth活期存款账户checking accounts定期存款账户savings accounts州政府the state government联邦政府the federal government答应一项帮助grant a favor答应一项请求grant a request发给银行执照grant a charter to the bank一定量的资产a specified volume of assets遵循一定的常规follow certain practices隶属于州的银行state banks国家银行national banks活期存款demand deposits与…相结合couple with部分准备制的原理the fractional reserve principle 在任何一次at any one time可用,握有on hand公债government loans内债domestic loans外债foreign loans可能的买主a prospective buyer增加了increase by增加到increase to被看作be counted as防备取款a precaution against withdrawals 追溯到trace to法定最低储备金the required reserve额外储备金excess reserves就…意义而言in the sense在某种意义上in a sense自由港free port外贸保税区foreign-trade zones经济特区special economic zones从事于政治engage in politics忙着工作be engage in business与某人订婚be engage to sb.普通港口a regular port中东the Middle East远东the Far East近东the Near East关税壁垒tariff barriers起作用,生效in operation为…付关税pay a tariff on…索价,要价charge…for原材料raw material制成品manufactured products码头工人dock workers造船厂,修船所dockyard内河航行inland navigation国内工业home industries国内产品home products国内贸易the home trade国内市场the home market美国国会the United States Congress外贸保税区法the Foreign Trade Zones Act(英国)议院的法案An Act of Parliament(美国)国会的法案The Acts of congress外贸保税区管理委员会the Foreign Trade Zone Board 董事会the Board of Directors国际商务局the Bureau of International Commerce天津商检局Tianjin Commodity Inspection Bureau美国商业部United States Department of Commerce市场经济market economy计划经济planned economy决定性的测验the crucial test决定性的问题the crucial question在重要的关头at the crucial moment以分散的方式in a decentralized fashion市场价格机制a price-and-market mechanism 技术工skilled labor劳工与雇主之间的关系labor relations工党the Labor Party纯粹的形式a pure form英国工业革命the English Industrial Revolution 法国大革命The French Revolution普遍地at large倾向于做某事be inclined to do sth.全社会society at large有…倾向的be subject to由…产生的stem from实质上,根本上in effect供求机制the supply and demand mechanism完全承袭…传统in the full tradition of对于…感到悲观be pessimistic about对于…感到乐观be optimistic about指出point out个人利益private interest社会利益society interest支持某人on sb‘s side获胜,击败triumph over高度计划的社会主义经济highly planned socialist economies 用这样或那样的方式in one way or another介入step in决不by no means当然,必定by all means就…而言as far as…is concerned比较利益comparative advantage把…从…解放出来free…from使…束缚于bind…to…生产过程production processes比较利益原则the law of comparative advantage指…而言refer to把…比作为compare to适用于be applicable to使适应,使适合be geared to/toward为某事给某人报酬或奖赏reward sb for sth把…应用于,使用于apply…to…归类程序sorting process彼此one another相比之下by contrast卷入involve in完完全全的自由贸易perfectly free commerce致力于devote…to对…有益处的be beneficial to整个社会的普遍利益the universal good of the whole 独特的力量the peculiar powers大批量生产mass production总的生产规模the general mass of productions总收益general benefit商业往来commercial intercourse文明世界the civilized world把…用于… employ…in不得不做某事be obliged to do sth.在…方面低劣inferior in在…方面优越superior in交换in exchange for对…有利be advantageous for使…从…转移到divert…from…to标准化集装箱standardized containers集装箱运输container transport陆运overland transportation海运sea transportation空运air transportation水运water transportation管道运输pipeline transportation联运combined transport承运人carrier托运人consignor收货人consignee铁路运单consignment note空运单air waybill租船合同charter party提单bill of lading订舱单booking note重新占领市场regain market share背负式运输服务piggy-back service 从…方面来讲in terms of专门从事specialize in与…结合merge with失效,崩溃break down存货占用成本inventory carrying costs 短途送货short-distance distribution长途送货long distance distribution汽车装运的货物trucked goods空运货物air freight基础设施infrastructure广告媒介advertising media天天,逐日from day to day并肩地,相互支持地side by side说出,(尤指无意间)吐露throw out吐露秘密throw out a secret有吸引力,引起兴趣appeal to目标观众target audiences有线电视cable television有线电视广告收入cable ad revenues使遭受,面对be exposed to抛却,扔掉throw away旧货商a junk dealer预付费用the advance cost成本效益cost effectiveness被分为be segmented into(广播中的)答问节目talk shows解释,说明account for使(某人)信服convince…of…相当提前well in advance有…倾向的be subject to有很高的重复接触率high repeat exposure 保险insurance保险额insurance value保险公司insurance company保险范围insurance coverage保险费insurance premium作为对…的报答in return for防御protect against不愿意做某事be unwilling to do经商,经营in business因公有事on business赚钱make a profit收入,接受,吸收take in付钱(如福清费用)pay out投保人policyholder保险单policy建于…之上be based on索价,要价charge for毛利gross profit净利net profit国民生产总值gross national product统计学原理a statistical principle大数定律law of larger numbers随…变动vary with在相反的情形下in the opposite situation使恢复bring sb back to在…之前prior to为此目的toward this end由于…而发生result from导致result in故意行为an intentional act放火纵火set fire to sth在欺诈的情况下in cases of fraud有助于,促成contribute to重置费用replacement cost资本支出capital expenditure资本货物capital goods固定资本fixed capital流动资本floating capital资本积累accumulation of capital原始资本积累primitive accumulation of capital 把…用于employ…in…以同样的方式in the same manner有几分,有点儿in a manner补偿贸易compensation trade在和平时期in time of peace在战争时期in time of war足够的a sufficiency of sth迫使某人做某事oblige sb to do sth侵占,侵害encroach upon/on预定,命中注定be destined for由…所造成的be occasioned by在大多数情况下upon most occasions在那个时机on that occasion曾经,有一次on one occasion很少,不常on rare occasions足以be sufficient to从…而产生出来的be derived from使恢复restore to投资需求investment demand投资规模investment scale消费者需求consumer demand国民收入national income指出point out在…方面起着关键作用be pivotal in设身处地put oneself in the place of可能作某事be likely to do许多 a host of对某事加以考虑take sth into account对某事不予考虑leave sth out of account 在开始时at the outset从开始时from the outset政府的年限the life of a government企业预测business expectations决定性的因素a crucial factor在重要的关头at the crucial moment在…方面in terms of在人力方面in terms of manpower在理论上in terms of theory投资于invest in以…代替… replace…with…创新进步innovational advances大波动major fluctuations领导,带头take the lead成群,大批in a swarm一大群蚂蚁a swarm of ants生产资料means of production大量购买buy in bulk参考书reference book面对…困难come up against利息率,利率the interest rate货币市场money market企业投资支出business investment expenditure 不愿做某事be reluctant to do和…联系在一起be associated with与…有关系be related to归因于ascribe to规模经济economies of scale以空前的速度at an unprecedented rate换句话说to put it in somewhat different words成功地做成某事succeed in doing sth压出,榨取squeeze…out of每一单位投入every unit of input多于,超过in excess of过渡to excess在非常有利的条件下under extremely favorable conditions 优于,胜过be superior to劣于,次于be inferior to在春末in late spring企图做某事,尝试做某事attempt at doing sth攻击,袭击attempt on拆开,拆散take sth apart国民生产总值Gross National Product (GNP)生产性投资productive investment与…并驾齐驱keep pace with由于…的原因owing to因…值得受到称赞deserve credit for与…对照,与…对比as opposed to外汇分配foreign exchange allocations停止leave off可自由支配的收入disposable income对…负责be responsible for准备,筹备provide for到现在为止as yet弥补make up for政府支出government expenditures消费支出consumption expenditures时间滞差a time lag总计,合计in the aggregate集中精力于concentrate on与…有很大关系have a lot to do with与…无关系have nothing to do with逐渐获得,逐渐建立built up免税tax exemptions技术,技能know-how擦去wipe away辨别,区别distinguish one thing from another 建于…之上be based on/upon独有的特权exclusive privileges独家代理权exclusive agency商标trademark商品名称trade name同类卖价,批发价格trade price关于with respect to不管,不顾虑without respect to公平交易fair dealing使…与…相关联attach…to…就…之限度,在…范围内so far as 无形因素intangible factors无形资产intangible assets对某事加以考虑take sth into account 大约,多少有一点more or less广泛的兴趣a wide range of interest 相当独特fairly individual显著,杰出stand out反之亦然vice versa垄断性竞争monopolistic competition 常常more often than not纯粹的垄断pure monopoly纯粹的竞争pure competition纯粹浪费时间a pure waste of time至于as for需求曲线demand curve概言之,一般说来in general阻止某人做某事preclude sb from doing sth排除所有误解preclude all misunderstanding需求计划demand schedule与…竞争in competition with不完全竞争市场imperfectly competitive market 与…配对be paired with以任意的形势in random fashion与…合并be merged with有几分,稍稍in some measure把…至于显著地位bring into the foreground产生arise from部分独立partial independence经济学文献economic literature给…以其应有分量give due weight to集中精力于focus attention on观点point of view与…不协调out of harmony with与…协调in harmony with经济增长的代价the cost of economic growth不惜任何代价,无论如何at all costs丧失,牺牲at the cost of势如破竹的胜利an overwhelming victory极度的悲哀overwhelming sorrow绝大部分公民the overwhelming number of its citizens 渴望,向往yearn for继续,连续a continuation of为…奋斗struggle for心醉于,被迷倒be charmed with踩,践踏tread on sth踩在某人的脚趾上tread on sb‘s toes相互追逐tread on each other‘s heels得意洋洋tread on air与某人祸福与共cast in one‘s lot with sb决不是,绝对不anything but盼望,期待look forward to结果,因此in consequence富裕繁荣的社会the affluent society在富裕的环境中in affluent circumstances对…满意be content with丰富的饮食food and drink in abundance过着丰衣足食的生活live in abundance依次,轮流in turn赶上琼斯家keep up with the Joneses赶上,不落后Keep up with sb/sth继续作某事deep on doing sth更富有,跟舒服be better off生产商诱导而产生的需要producer-induced demand 成为…之一部分enter into sth自然增长或产生accrue from sth英国的工业革命the English Industrial Revolution传统的生活方式traditional pattern of life仅仅,只不过nothing but等于amount to不是,而是not…but…。