自考“基础英语”复习资料讲课讲稿
自考英语讲义0302
II. Text LearningReflections: Friendship and loyalty①How many of us recognize true loyalty in a friend? Loyalty consistsof（参考Unit1，TextA）a friend, who will stick by you, through thick and thin. Afriend who is always honest with you and never betrays the friendship with liesis a loyal friend. If you have a loyal friend, you have indeed found a truevirtue in that friend.（承上句）②The current trend on the internet is befriending anyone who requests to beyour friend. However, this new trend may lead to disasters.（承上句）It may bepopular and trendy to have a network filled with a multitude of mutual friends.However, one true loyal friend may be the only friend you need.③A term used on the popular Facebook site is B.F.F. This acronym means bestfriends forever. Are they really your best friends forever? You might askyourself this question, "Will they share my private matters with others on thepages of Facebook, or perish the thought, engage in gossip about me withothers?" (1)If the answer to that is , "I don't know", more than likely, theywill not be your best friends forever. Maybe not, even for a day. 本部分重点及难点：隐藏重难点解析1. If the answer to that is , "I don't know", more than likely（很有可能）, they willnot be your best friends forever.more than likely: very likelymore than happy: very happymore than pleased: very pleased请认真答题，答题结果将记入知识点测评的成绩！【单选题】6. He is _______ willing to shall his happiness withus.A．moreB．more thanC．enoughD．too【答案】B【解析】本题考查more than+adj.。
自考《英语二》内容串讲备考资料
英语二内容串讲阅读三重境界＊彻底糊涂：细节＊彻底明白：细节+主旨＊似懂非懂：翻译阅读四项能力词能、句能、篇能、考能词能第一一、五个猜词绝招1.利用上下文确定词义例1：He is successful as a businessman because of his dynamic personality. He seems to have unlimited energy.例2：Sociology is the term used to describe the scientific study of human society.例3：A first year college or university student is commonly a 'freshman', and 'sophomore', 'junior' and 'senior' designate the second—third—and fourth—year student.例4：The tired soldiers trudged through knee deep mud for hours before they found a dry place to sleep.2.利用构词法确定词义例1：Many cancers have been arrested with the use of chemotherapy.例2：They overestimate the interviewee's ability and asked too many difficult questions.例3：The murderer had developed a poison which could not be tasted or smelled when mixed with food. Because it was imperceptible, he was able to murder a number of people without being caught.3.利用语法知识确定词义例1：For their fishing and hunting the men used a kayak, a small boat for one person.例2：A solar eclipse—when the moon passes between the Earth and the sun—in an unusual and interesting phenomenon that occurs rarely.例3：Ventilation, as we know, is a system or means of providing fresh air. It plays a very important part in the field of engineering.例4：The modern age of medicine began with the stethoscope, an instrument for listening to a patient's heartbeat and breathing.4.根据同义、反义关系确定词义表示反义的信号词：in contrast, on the other hand, rather than, however, yet, although, while, unlike, but, whereas, as opposed to……例1：My sister Mane is an optimist, while her boyfriend is one who is always gloomy and expects the worst to happen.例2：Sally liked to concoct all sorts of stories, but her mother always knew when she was lying.例3：A gorilla always makes me think of the word aloof—not friendly, of distance from others.5. 利用逻辑推理和常识确定词义例1：Fishes live in water and have fins which help them to swim. Most fishes have slimy skins covered with scales, but in fishes such as eels the scales are very small and can hardly be seen.例2：Not wanting to disturb the sleeping kitten, I gingerly lifted her from the box and put her on a blanket near the heater.二、词的构成：常见的前缀和后缀前缀：改变词义，不改变词性后缀：改变词性，不改变词义前缀：en-/em-；否定前缀；后缀：名词后缀；形容词后缀；动词后缀；副词后缀前缀en-, em- “使…”enable v. 使能够eg: The pass enables me to travel half-price on trains.我用这张通行证坐火车半价。
自学考试《英语（二）》串讲资料（一）
主要内容 试卷分析和最新出题思路 重点语法 备考要诀及学习⽅法 最新英语（⼆）试卷主观题统计数据 考题 满分 平均分 单词拼写 10 2.48 词形填空 10 2.17 汉译英 15 5.53 英译汉 15 10.75 总分 50 20.93 最新出题思路 （1）与课⽂的关系 往年与课⽂有关的⼤题：第⼀、第四、第五和第六⼤题 近年与课⽂有关的⼤题：第四和第六⼤题 建议：熟读课⽂，掌握课⽂中的⼤纲词汇，特别留意课⽂中体现重点语法和经典句型的句⼦。
（2）与课⽂⽆关的⼤题：第⼆、第三、第七⼤题。
⽂章选材：主要涉及社会⽂化、风俗习惯、教育、历史、和⽣活常识等内容。
建议：⼴泛阅读此类题材的⽂章，是中英⽂对照版本。
推荐杂志：《英语沙龙》，《⼤学英语》，《英语学习》。
每道题的考点： 第⼀题：词汇语法题 主要考点：定语从句、名词性从句的引导词；状语从句的连接词；词汇辨析；固定搭配；常⽤句型。
近年来词汇题⽐重增加。
建议：通过学习教材上下册，熟练掌握基本语法，背熟⼤纲词汇，加强同义词、近义词、和形似词的⽐较，牢记固定搭配。
历年试题举例： 1. At the end of 1994 the pitish government introduced new measures to help ____domestic workers from abuse by their employers. [A] protect [B] suspect [C] expect [D]inspect A 2. I‘m wondering why he hasn’t turned ___ at the meeting. [A] down [B] up [C] out [D] over B 3. By using both ears one can tell the direction ___ a sound comes. [A] in which [B] from which[C] over which[D] with which B 第⼆题：完型填空题 主要考点：除了第⼀⼤题已提到的考点外，还注重考察介词、连词、副词、代词等虚词的⽤法。
自考《英语二》讲义总结大纲
英语（二）学习是一种信仰英语（二）讲义【00015】【内部资料】课程介绍一、课程性质英语（二）是高等教育自学考试各专业（英语专业除外）本科阶段的公共基础课。
三、本资料介绍针对英语（二）试题中第一题到第四题，本资料给出对应的解题技巧及真题举例；第五题和第六题主要涉及到英语语法，本资料将近5 年真题涉及到的语法知识进行总结，详细解释并举对应的真题为例；针对第七题作文部分，本资料给出写作模板及参考例文。
如果您能认真阅读本资料并掌握其中的解题技巧和语法知识，那么您一定能顺利通过考试！目录第一部分语法知识 (4)第一单元名词形容词副词介词 (4)第一章名词 (4)第二章形容词 (5)第三章副词 (8)第四章介词 (10)第二单元谓语动词 (11)第一章系动词 (12)第二章情态动词 (12)第三章时态 (13)第四章英语语态 (16)第三单元非谓语动词 (17)第一章动词不定式 (18)第二章分词 (19)第四单元从句 (21)第一章名词性从句 (21)第二章形容词从句（定语从句） (21)第三章副词从句（状语从句） (21)第五单元并列结构 (22)第二部分应对技巧 (24)第一章阅读判断 (24)第二章阅读选择 (28)第三章概括段落大意和补全句子 (33)第四章填句补文 (36)第五章填词补文 (38)第六章完形补文 (40)第七章短文写作 (41)一、概念第一部分语法知识第一单元名词形容词副词介词第一章名词名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
如：person，phone，China，time二、用法1.名词作主语和宾语。
●Knowledge is power. （知识就是力量。
）●I love English. （我喜欢英语。
)2.名词可以作定语修饰名词①作定语的名词往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等②被修饰的名词变复数时，一般情况下，作定语用的名词不需要变为复数形式。
● a diamond ring(一枚钻戒)●orange juice(橙汁)●English lessons(英语课)3.名词分为可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词出现时，要么是复数名词，要么前面加限定词，如冠词（a、an 或 the），不可数名词永远是单数形式。
自考【英语二基础精讲】第一课
英语（二）介绍英语（二）是高等教育自学考试各专业（英语专业除外）本科阶段的公共基础课。
大纲要求系统的英语语法知识和一定的词汇量（4500）单词记忆—艾宾浩斯记忆法艾宾浩斯（Hermann Ebbinghaus）样卷以2015年10月真题为例Black FridayEveryone likes to shop for gifts for the holiday season, but few people know the history of holiday shopping. While people have heard of Black Friday, most do not know its origins. Black Friday is the day after Thanksgiving ( 感恩节 ). On this day most retail stores open their doors very early. Some as early as 4 am. In addition, they provide their customers with great discounts on products. With this in mind, it is clear to see why so many shoppers buy many of their Christmas gifts on Black Friday.1.Many people know the history of Black Friday.A. TrueB. FalseC. Not GivenLiving in Brazil (巴西）and SwitzerlandMoving to a different city may seem difficult. You have to change schools and get used to your new home. But you can always go back to that city to visit. When you move to another country, things are different. However, difficult as it may be, the experience can be rewarding.11. The author's parentsA.share similar interestsB.have different jobsC.have different personalitiesD.enjoy reading books【基础精讲】英语（二）第一次课2015年10月真题—概括段落大意More Than One Kind of Intelligence①You may have heard people mention “I Q”w h e n talking about howsmart someone is. IQ stands for “Intelligence quotient (智商)”. It can help predict how well someone may do academically.The Princess DiseaseHave you ever heard of the princess disease? It is a terrible disease.26 It wastes away at one's social life and people's tolerance. People with this disease think they are better than everyone else, without a real reason.People Use Technology More, Sleep Less People in Britain now spend more time watching TV, gaming, and using their mobile phones and computers than sleeping. A study _31_ that British people use technology for 20 minutes longer than they spend sleeping.Be GratefulWhether you are a waiter (wait) or a doctor, your job is about serving others and making their life better. We have all 41 (have) experiences where someone 42 (work) in their job has lifted us up and made a 43 (different) to our day or brought us down and made our day worse.【基础精讲】英语（二）第一次课2015年10月真题—短文写作假设你的美国朋友M ike要去你的家乡旅游，请给他写一封电子邮件，告诉他:1.近期的天气情况；2.需要注意的事项；3.你期待与他见面。
自考英语讲义0405
自考英语讲义0405II. Text LearningHow to Start Your Own Business1 The paradox of starting your own business lies in the simultaneous challengeand reward, making it an experience unlike any other. So many businesses fail,and most entrepreneurs exclude thiselves from the possibility. The tragicreality is that when businesses fail, the passion often dies with it.（承上句）Byfollowing some sound advice and being prepared for the process, you willdecrease your chances of losing a lot more than you bargained for. I haverecently started a business and have learned some crucial lessons in the processthat I feel privileged to share with you.（承上启下句）2 1. Identify your motivation. Why do you want to start your own business? Tohave more time? T o make more money? To be your own boss? To have creativecontrol over what you love to do? Write out all of yourmotivating factors andprioritize thi.（承上启下句）When you see thi listed, you might see a pattern in thatyou're just unhappy at your current job and starting your own business isn't theanswer.3 2. Identify your passion. What do you love to do? What skills and knowledge doyou uniquely bring to the table? What gets you excited about your work? Keepthat passion at the forefront of your business plan, your marketing strategies,and your daily routine. (1)If you keep your passion in plain sight, you willstay focused on the purpose of your business and not solely on the logistics.4 3. Identify your market. If you are starting your business locally, researchyour competitors. Determine if there is room in the market for your business.What will you do differently to draw in customers? What niche market are theother businesses missing? If you are starting an Internet company, research therequirients for your own unique Web presence. Your business cannot survivewithout customers, so do enough research on the front end to determine if thereare enough potential clients to keep your business alive.5 4. Identify your finances. If you have ever purchased a new home, you knowthat the financial obligations （债务）extend beyond the down payment and themortgage. You have to buy furniture, trash cans, a garage door opener（车库门遥控开关）,light fixtures and landscaping equipment（景观美化设备）,and before you know it, you'vefar exceeded your financial boundaries. That can happen just as easily in abusiness. Do exhaustive（详尽的）financial planning. Meet with a financialadvisor（财政顾问）or someone at your bank to examine the financial viability of yourbusiness and the process of getting it up and running. Plan wisely and do notassume the best about your business. Be prepared for financial loss and getadvice on how to alleviate that burden in the future.6 5. Identify your support systi. Seek out advice from seasoned business owners,even those in your own field. Develop relationships with people who can offersound advice and criticism that you might not see. If there is a business ownerin your community or in your network that you aspire to model, examine his orher business practices and how they handle various situations. Ask for counselbefore big decisions, and even create your own makeshift Board of Directors tohelp guide you in the planning and start-up process.7 Once you have all of these elients in place, you are prepared to start theprocess of developing a business plan, applying for a license, establishing amarketing presence（营销实体）, etc. (2)Owning your ownbusiness can be unparalleledin the professional world, and if you surround yourself with wise counsel, youcan have a career that daily feeds your passion.本文重点及难点：显示重难点解析1. If you keep your passion in plain sight, you will stay focused on the purposeof your business and not solely on the logistics.(1) keep sth. in plain sight显而易见，一览无余(2) stay focused on 关注于 2. Owning your own business can be unparalleledin the professional world, and if you surround yourself with wise counsel, youcan have a career that daily feeds your passion.(1) unparalleled 无双的，无与伦比的，空前的(2) surround yourself with wise counsel 征求他人的建议(3) a career thatfeeds your passion 满足你的热情的事业，充满激情的事业。
自考英语讲义0104
I. New words and expressionsNew words1. confidence n.自信心；把握相关词：confidentbe confident of sb. / sth.have / lose confidence in sb. / sth.注意比较：confident / confidential2. program v. 训练；培养3. mastery n. 控制；驾驭4. destiny n. 命运；天命；天数5. dramatically adv. 巨大地；惊人地；显著地6. quality n. 质量；品质7. subconscious adj. 下意识的；潛意识的8. please v. 使满意；使愉快9. command n.（给人或动物的）命令10. knowingly adv. 故意地；蓄意地11. impact n. 巨大影响；强大作用12. matter v. 事关紧要；有重大影响13. confident adj. 自信的；有自信心的14. sense n.（对重大事情的）感觉，意识15. eliminate v. 排除；清除；消除eliminate all grammatical mistakesbe eliminated in the first round16. disempower v. 剥夺；使失去权利；剥夺力量注意构词法：dis（表示否定）+em（使，赋予）+power en- / em-常见的动词前缀，如：enable, enrich, endanger, enlarge等。
empower v. 授权，赋予权利17. self-esteem n. 自尊（心）18. limit v. 限制；限定区分两个名词limit和limitation。
There is a limit / are limits to one's life.There is no limit / are no limits to knowledge.Everyone has his own limitations.19. infinite adj. 极大的；无法衡量的相关词：finite, finitely, infinitely20. stifle v. 压制；扼杀；阻止21. creativity n. 创造力相关词：create, creation, creator, creative, creatively22. internal adj. 内心的；头脑中的23. insignificant adj. 微不足道的；无足轻重的相关词：significant, significance, significantly, insignificance24. commonly adv. 通常；常常25. alternative n. 可供选择的事物，替代物have no alternative but to do sth.Is there any alternative to going to the cinema?26. fabulous adj. 极好的；绝妙的Phrases and Expressions1. carry out 完成（任务）2. be up to 取决于3. have an impact on/upon 对…产生巨大影响4. rub …out 用橡皮擦掉（字迹等）5. be in control of掌管；管理；控制。
专升本英语辅导讲座01
• • • • •
The boy The cute boy The cute boy in blue jeans The cute boy wearing blue jeans The cute boy who is wearing blue jeans
专升本英语辅导讲座
第一讲 名词及名词短语
Introduction
语言的构造级别
1.词 word 词 2.短语 phrase 短语 3.句子 sentence 句子 4.段落 paragraph 段落 5.篇章 discourse 篇章
英语中的短语有很多种类
动词短语 have been doing 介词短语 for you 名词短语 my best friends …… 其中，名词短语最为重要， 其中，名词短语最为重要，是句子中不可 或缺的元素 名词与它的修饰语一起即构成名词短语
is my brother.
修饰名词的定语的语序位置
左二右六规律
限定词+形容词 中心名词 六类后置定语 限定词 形容词+中心名词 形容词 中心名词+六类后置定语
介词短语 分词短语 不定式短语 形容词短语 定语从句 同位语从句
英语句子的五成分
主谓宾定 主谓宾定状补 主谓宾状补——句子成分 主谓宾状补 句子成分 定语——短语成分 定语 短语成分
1.1.2 名词的分类
意义 专有名词 例词 表示特定的人、 表示特定的人、物、 Paris, the United 机构或场所的名词 States, Bill Gates 首字母需大写） （首字母需大写） 个体名词 表示同类的人或物中 student, tree, hospital, house, 的个体 piano 表示若干人或物的总 team, committee, police, group, 称 family 表示物质和材料的总 paper, water, cotton, air 称 表示动作、性质、 表示动作、性质、状 birth, happiness, 态或情感等抽象概念 evolution, technology, 的名称 management, imagination, hope
自学考试《英语(二)》复习串讲资料(八)
最牛英语口语培训模式：躺在家里练口语，全程外教一对一，三个月畅谈无阻！洛基英语，免费体验全部在线一对一课程：/wenkxd.htm（报名网址）Unit 980. The nearer a society approximates to zero population growth，the older its population is likely to be—at least，for any future that concerns us now.81. To these now familiar facts a number of further facts may be added，some of them only recently recognized.82. There is the appreciation of the salient historical truth that the aging of advanced societies has been a sudden change.83. Taken together，these things have implications which are only beginning to be acknowledged.84. There is often resistance to the idea that it is because the birthrate fell earlier in Western and Northwestern Europe than elsewhere，…that we have grown so old.85. Long life is altering our society，of course，but in experiential terms.86. Your account of what happened approximates to the real facts.87. His earnings are out of all proportion to his skill and ability.Unit 1088. A minor-party or independent candidate，…can draw votes away from the major-party nominees but stands almost no chance of defeating them.89. In deciding whether to pursue a course of action，they try to estimate its likely impact on the voters.90. The slogan was meant as a reminder to the candidate and the staff to keep the campaign focused on the nation's slow-moving economy.91. Whether voters accept this image，however，depends more on external factors than on a candidate's personal characteristics.92. As in 1980，when Jimmy Carter lost to Ronald Reagan during tough economic times，the voters were motivated largely by a desire for change.93. Bush tried to stir images of his strong leadership of the war，but voters remained concerned about the economy.94. The invention is going to cause a big stir in the world.95. You should save up money to make provision for the future.Unit 1196. Animal research is irrelevant to our health and it can often produce misleading results.97. It would be completely irresponsible and unethical to use drugs on people that had not been thoroughly tested on animals.98. One experiment in nerve regeneration involves cutting a big nerve in a rat's leg，leaving its leg paralysed.99. Even with these new developments in research，only a tiny proportion of all tests are done without using animals at some stage.100.The use of animals in experiments cannot stop immediately if medical research is to continue and consumer products are to be properly tested.101. When it comes to research into heart disease and its effects on the body，we do not have adequate substitutes for the use of animals.102. I was surprised to see his room in such a litter.103. The conditions that existed ten years ago are reproduced today.Unit 12104. Until recently daydreaming was generally considered either a waste of time or a symptom of neurotic tendencies.105. At its best，daydreaming was considered a compensatory substitute for the real things in life.106. As with anything carried to excess，daydreaming can be harmful.107. There is a growing body of evidence to support the fact that most people suffer from a lack of daydreaming rather than an excess of it.108. Daydreaming significantly contributes to intellectual growth，power of concentration，and the ability to interact and communicate with others.109. Daydreaming resulted in improved self-control and enhanced creative thinking ability.110. Contrary to popular belief，constant and conscious effort at solving a problem is，in reality，one of the most inefficient ways of coping with it.111. Whenever confronted with a task which seemed too hard to be dealt with，he would stretch out on his laboratory sofa and let fantasies flood his mind.112. The important thing to remember is to picture these desired objectives as if you had already attained them.113. Daydreaming is highly beneficial to your physical and mental well-being.114. Escape being impossible，the rabbit turned to confront the dog.115. The difficulties that confront us cannot be overcome.Unit 13116. He cannot be really happy if he is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing，or if what he enjoys doing is ignored by society as of no value or importance.117. In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished，the sign that what a man does is of social value is that he is paid money to do it.118. What from the point of view of society is necessary labor is from his own point of view voluntary play.119. Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends，not on the job itself，but on the tastes of the individual who undertakes it.120. It is already possible to imagine a society in which the majority of the population，that is to say，its laborers，will have almost as much leisure as in earlier times was enjoyed by the aristocracy.121. The masses are more likely to replace an unchanging ritual by fashion which it will be in the economic interest of certain people to change as often as possible.122. Workers seldom commit acts of violence，because they can put their aggression into their work，be it physical like the work of a smith，or mental like thework of a scientist or an artist.123. They were often compelled to work twelve or fourteen hours a day.124. The police undertook detailed and comprehensive investigations into the case.“成千上万人疯狂下载。
(完整word版)自考英语(二)串讲讲义
自考《英语(二)》串讲第一部分：课程介绍一、课程的基本内容本课程在完成“英语（一）”课程内容基础上，培养学生掌握系统的英语语言知识，包括正确的英语语音知识、系统的英语语法知识和一定的词汇量（4500），并熟悉英语语言的表达方式.二、命题“英语（二）”命题按照标准化测试要求设计。
命题的广度和难度依据本大纲规定的知识范围和能力要求确定.部分命题素材取自《英语(二）自学教程》。
统考以阅读和写作为主，听、说不做统考要求。
考试题包括客观性试题和主观性试题，分别占卷面总分的55%和45％。
试卷由七部分组成，包括：阅读判断、阅读选择、概括段落大意和补全句子、填句补文、填词补文、完形补文以及短文写作。
现对试卷内容及结构分别说明如下：第一部分阅读判断该部分要求考生能够理解文中明确表达的概念或细节，推断隐含表达的内容，理解全文主旨和作者所持观点态度；能够根据上下文推测生词意义，理解句间关系和语篇结构。
该部分短文选自英语国家大众读物及旅游手册、操作说明等真实语料,根据语言难度作适当调整，对无法猜测而又影响理解的关键词,用汉语注明词义。
所选短文题材覆盖广泛，涉及叙述、说明、议论等不同体裁.该部分要求考生在读懂1篇350词左右短文的基础上，对给出的10个句子所表达的信息作出判断，有的信息是正确的，有的是错误的，有的文中没有提到。
该部分共10小题。
每小题1分，共计10分.特别提示：与以往《英语（二）》的阅读理解设题形式相比，该题更注重文章中的细节。
与四六级06年改革后的新题型中快速阅读的最初形式类似（Yes，No, Not given).第二部分阅读选择该部分要求考生：理解文章主旨和要义；把握文章的基本结构；理解文中说明要点的事实和细节；作出简单推理和判断；根据上下文推断生词的释义;领会作者的意图、观点和态度.该部分选用1篇长度350词左右的短文，题材包括人文、科技、经济、环境、卫生等热点话题，文中会适当给出个别生词的中文释义。
自考基础英语复习资料
一、名词和短语的英汉互译：1―配额、定量―维持、保持―关税壁垒―无效合同―垄断性竞争―贬值―存货清单―成本效益―直接/间接税―法定最低储备金―规模经济―包装材料―残次品―产成品―调查报告―消费品―出口/进口配额―索赔－技术知识－补偿贸易－原材料－交通阻塞－分公司－多边贸易－服务贸易－贸易差额－生产线－计划/市场经济－产品统一条形码－有形/无形贸易－保险单－额外储备金－自由港－公共利益－比较优势－试订单－外贸保税区－独家代理－注册商标－地理位置－标准集装箱－运费－目标市场－欺诈－年收入－生产资料－留存收益－广告媒介－国民生产总值－国内生产总值－消费品支出－信用额度－专有技术－税收减免－需求曲线－所得税－合资企业－利息费－营运资金－董事会－工作许可－普通港－生产能力－劳动力－运输方式－基础设施－易货贸易－保险费－天气条件－市场份额－投资性支出－盈利状况－通讯系统－能源危机－通货膨胀率－公平交易－金融机构－零售商－付款方式－技术转让a －实盘－可支的收入－购物中心－经济危机a －市场价格机制－供求机制－存货占用成本－重置费用－货币市场－资本产出比率－产品鉴别－无形因素－需求计划－物美价廉的商品a －没有出路的工作－降低成本－投放市场－批量生产－人造丝－赤字－优惠的信用措施－工业化国家a －商船船队－收款台－人际关系－城市商业区－活期存款帐户－很高的重复接触率－承保－假设经济－资本设备－需求/供给弹性－以任意的形式－经济学文献－垄断要素，－深思熟虑的理智的决定－承保人－纳税人二、单选中易考的短语和句式：：般人…：把……制成……：为了得到…而付钱：盈利；赚钱. ：就…而言：平均：一直用下去＝：照看；照料a ：一辈子一次的，难得的：劝说某人做某事：劝说某人不要做某事：丢弃：导致：以一物换取另一物：过时：流行……：使…变成…：陷入困境：在起作用：（物价）下降，下跌：在此期间：有限的数量：加入：开始做：努力做某事……：使…免受…的伤害：对…有害：首先：由…组成，构成…：贴上…标签：警惕：认为某事当然，想当然：依…次序：诱使某人做某事：遭受（疾病、灾难等） a ：由于：处于压力之下（）：警告、告诫：逼得某人自杀：指出：逃离：搬家：生病…：在…时候：从事；开始做…a ：尾随某人（）：健康情况好（差） a ：犯罪…：如同…那样‘s ：失去领先地位：转手、易手……：在哪方面居领先地位：目的是：提高、增加：消灭、消除：付账后离开：御寒：在不同的气候条件下：把…纺成纱a ：保守秘密：被称为：决不…：用…、依靠……：高达…的百分比：安排某人做某事 a ：乘火车：抓住…不放：开始经商…：根据…：一般地、大体上…＝…：习惯于…：抱怨：适用于…：及…相处：至少：经营…：减速：为某人提供某物：正在使用中：名胜古迹：各处旅行…：得到的结论是…：被租来做某事（）：做某事有困难：比…优越：及…混合：及…化合：在世间…：把…和…分开：用完：对…有所帮助：通知某人某事：超越a …：激发对…的需求：利用…；占便宜：此时此刻：出于情感（）：为了得到某物而及某人竞争‘s ：记在心里：吸引…的注意：开始认真做某事：做…有好处：愿意做…而不愿做…：受限于………：把…局限于…a ：能够做…a ：对…有影响，有作用：以…为目的：及…有关：及…联系在一起：受…的控制a …＝：寻找、寻求：引入……：除…之外：及…相结合：增加：追溯到…：从事…：正在运转：实施、生效：普遍地：倾向于…；赞同…：实质上：对…感到悲观…：支持……：介入………：使…束缚于…… ：使…成为可能：相比之下：闯入：路上偶遇某人：使康复：清偿，还清债务：弥补，补偿：忍受，容忍：…赐予的：不得不：在…方面：专门从事…：于…联合，结合：呼吁：使遭受、面对：接收，吸收：从前的：由…造成的：足以…：起着关键作用… ：考虑到…a ：成群，大批：知晓：面对…的困难：归结于：超过：及…并驾齐驱：总计：及…配对：及…不协调：渴望，向往：被…迷住：因此……：用…代替…：在…上投资：作为…的参考：做某事是有风险的：企图做某事：拆开，拆散：停止：表示对过去的推测：背负式运输服务：随…而变化：提出，主张：决不是：只不过，仅仅是自考《基础英语》英汉互译前十分白拿两份报纸一块肥皂 a一件家具 a一把剪刀 a丢弃陷入困境工业产品农产品一辈子一次性的收获 a没有出路的工作 a付一大笔钱过时流行批量生产降低成本在起作用物美价廉的产品所得税投放市场小批量大量地要求下降从商努力做某事 .医疗设备劣质产品一条面包 a温和宽容的人造丝假牙对…有害警惕认为某事当然由…组成一个中年妇女 a一些性格开朗的女孩一个意志软弱的人 a 一个意志坚强的人 a 遭受由于压力 a警告信号交通阻塞指出逃离自杀从事摄影高度工业化国家 a 工业生产制成品领先失去领先地位‘s 赤字就…而言…易手赚钱金融中心 a贸易中心 a国际贸易外贸商船船队 a巨额金钱一大笔钱 a 对付，处理有形贸易无形贸易贸易差额失血高度机械化的工厂产品统一条形码黑白相间的条纹（）斑马线油炸土豆片炸薯条黑白电视机墨画身上青一块紫一块光学扫描器激光束目的是消灭，消除付账后离开到达登记现金出纳机在左边收款台原材料制成品近在手边衣夹晒衣绳桌布 a洗碗布 a洗碗机 a原始人现代人穿着从…上刮去…把…纺成… ……把…制成…4000万年前在远古时富人和穷人一样想到剪去讲故事 a保守秘密 a 直接税间接税收入所得税纳税人税务员免税的国税地方税穷人富人年轻人老年人高达以…形势政府机关凭借在某个星期一的早晨 a 在星期一的早晨乘火车乘公共汽车布莱克一家向某人道别 .向某人道歉 .每隔几分钟每隔一天每隔一行不久以后通向抓牢一打鸡蛋 a在阳光下注意继续作某事（）好像自信自信的自大的自助的自给自足的自学的一般的确信习惯于抱怨说实话说谎 a 适用于处理依赖于必修课 a 同…相处考虑日复一日从始自终每况愈下减速在使用中不再使用免费入场免所得税免费获得某物 .再步行一段路即可到达的距离之内探知，查明得到以下结论得出结论 a交通高峰时间交通拥挤援助计划视觉教具助听器捏粘土揉面团一定数量的 a大量地小额地优于劣于把…及…相混合……把…及…分开…把…分成…用尽表现了…的特点究竟，到底五大湖区通知某人某事 .利用准备某事 .很容易拿到够不到想出，熟思吸引…的注意食品杂货店为…竞争干得好 a记在心里‘s 收款台国营公司合资公司白雪覆盖的山顶糖衣药丸营业时间因公开始谈正事激烈的竞争通货膨胀顺差城市商业区保险业不断的受限于被认为是把…局限于…为了一切有实用价值的目的能够做使…变成…对…有影响总纲以…为目的及…相关的及…联系在一起太阳能受…的控制引入通讯系统能源危机财政危机 a 业余画家业余摄影家道德的基础柱基 a自然现象故意的商业银行 a金融机构 a金融中心 a财政困难及生俱来的特权活期存款账户定期存款账户州政府联邦政府答应一项帮助 a 答应一项请求 a发给银行执照 a 一定量的资产 a 遵循一定的常规隶属于州的银行国家银行活期存款及…相结合部分准备制的原理在任何一次可用，握有公债内债外债可能的买主 a增加了增加到被看作防备取款 a追溯到法定最低储备金额外储备金就…意义而言在某种意义上 a 自由港外贸保税区经济特区从事于政治忙着工作及某人订婚 .普通港口 a中东远东近东关税壁垒起作用，生效为…付关税 a …索价，要价…原材料制成品码头工人造船厂，修船所内河航行国内工业国内产品国内贸易国内市场美国国会外贸保税区法（英国）议院的法案（美国）国会的法案外贸保税区管理委员会董事会国际商务局天津商检局美国商业部市场经济计划经济决定性的测验决定性的问题在重要的关头以分散的方式 a市场价格机制 a技术工劳工及雇主之间的关系工党纯粹的形式 a英国工业革命法国大革命普遍地倾向于做某事 .全社会有…倾向的由…产生的实质上，根本上供求机制完全承袭…传统对于…感到悲观对于…感到乐观指出个人利益社会利益支持某人‘s获胜，击败高度计划的社会主义经济用这样或那样的方式介入决不当然，必定就…而言…比较利益把…从…解放出来…使…束缚于……生产过程比较利益原则指…而言把…比作为适用于使适应，使适合为某事给某人报酬或奖赏把…应用于，使用于……归类程序彼此相比之下卷入完完全全的自由贸易致力于…对…有益处的整个社会的普遍利益独特的力量大批量生产总的生产规模总收益商业往来文明世界把…用于… …不得不做某事 .在…方面低劣在…方面优越交换对…有利使…从…转移到……标准化集装箱集装箱运输陆运海运空运水运管道运输联运承运人托运人收货人铁路运单空运单租船合同提单订舱单重新占领市场背负式运输服务从…方面来讲专门从事及…结合失效，崩溃存货占用成本短途送货长途送货汽车装运的货物空运货物基础设施广告媒介天天，逐日并肩地，相互支持地说出，（尤指无意间）吐露吐露秘密 a有吸引力，引起兴趣目标观众有线电视有线电视广告收入使遭受，面对抛却，扔掉旧货商 a预付费用成本效益被分为（广播中的）答问节目解释，说明使（某人）信服……相当提前有…倾向的有很高的重复接触率保险保险额保险公司保险范围保险费作为对…的报答防御不愿意做某事经商，经营因公有事赚钱 a收入，接受，吸收付钱（如福清费用）投保人保险单建于…之上索价，要价毛利净利国民生产总值统计学原理 a大数定律随…变动在相反的情形下使恢复在…之前为此目的由于…而发生导致故意行为放火纵火在欺诈的情况下有助于，促成重置费用资本支出资本货物固定资本流动资本资本积累原始资本积累。
2020年10月自考00015英语二复习串讲讲义资料
2020年10月自考00015英语二复习串讲讲义资料课程介绍一、课程性质英语（二）是高等教育自学考试各专业（英语专业除外）本科阶段的公共基础课。
二、题型及分值类型题型分值总计考点选择题阅读判断10×1'10'快速阅读阅读选择5×2'10'深度阅读概括段落大意和补全句子10×1'10'概括段落大意提取关键信息填句补文5×2'10'文章结构，段落连贯性填词补文10×1.5'15'单词认知，词性判断非选择题完形补文10×1.5'15'单词认知，词性转换短文写作1×30'30'100词左右合计100'三、本资料介绍针对英语（二）试题中第一题到第四题，本资料给出对应的解题技巧及真题举例；第五题和第六题主要涉及到英语语法，本资料将近5年真题涉及到的语法知识进行总结，详细解释并举对应的真题为例；针对第七题作文部分，本资料给出写作模板及参考例文。
如果您能认真阅读本资料并掌握其中的解题技巧和语法知识，那么您一定能顺利通过考试！目录第一部分语法知识 (4)第一单元名词形容词副词介词 (4)第一章名词 (4)第二章形容词 (5)第三章副词 (8)第四章介词 (10)第二单元谓语动词 (11)第一章系动词 (12)第二章情态动词 (12)第三章时态 (13)第四章英语语态 (16)第三单元非谓语动词 (17)第一章动词不定式 (18)第二章分词 (19)第四单元从句 (21)第一章名词性从句 (21)第二章形容词从句（定语从句） (21)第三章副词从句（状语从句） (21)第五单元并列结构 (22)第二部分应对技巧 (24)第一章阅读判断 (24)第二章阅读选择 (28)第三章概括段落大意和补全句子 (33)第四章填句补文 (36)第五章填词补文 (38)第六章完形补文 (40)第七章短文写作 (41)第一部分语法知识第一单元名词形容词副词介词第一章名词一、概念名词表示人、事物、地点或抽象概念的名称。
大学英语自学教程(上下)讲义
华夏大地教育网英语二重点班的同学们，大家好！我是华夏大地教育网英语一精讲和英语二重点班的辅导老师高伟。
欢迎大家来到华夏大地重点班英语2的辅导课堂。
为了帮助大家能在英语2考试中顺利通过，华夏大地教育网在此构建了英语2重点班的学习辅导活动。
在听取重点班的讲解之前，我希望大家能对教材内容有一个较为清晰的认识，做到熟悉文章内容即可。
在每期重点班里，讲解内容分为三部分：1、对教材每一课需要大家注意的重点词汇、词组和重点句型做一个详细的回顾；2、针对大家平时在学习英语中感到头疼的重点语法内容展开详细的介绍；3、实战演练，针对英语2考查题型，在解题思路上做一个明确的阐述。
重点班每次上课的时间为一个半小时，要求大家在听讲解的过程中仔细体会讲义中的精华。
同时对于每次提前给大家留的讲义作业版，要求大家在上课前主动地去思考、完成。
只有你找到了在做题时与老师的分析方法不同之处，才会明白英语考试并非如大家想像得那么困难，同时也可以结合自己的一些优势不断更新符合自身的解题方法。
词汇是基础，只有在掌握了一定的词汇量后，才能更透彻地理解讲义的内涵。
同时，要求同学们关注历年真题，既做到熟悉真题的难度，及时补救复习中的漏洞，同时要有效地控制做题的时间。
当然，我更希望大家都能以一种快乐、沉稳的心态应对考试。
让我们向快乐出发，向英语二的封锁线跃进！第一单元知识点的回顾Text A1.choose----choice：词型转换常考，同时注意该词的过去式和过去完成式。
2.★available:这个词考频很高。
如果在答案中出现了该词，从选择上应予优先考虑。
这个词出现的句子中经常会同时出现ticket, food, book等相匹配，出现的地点可以是theatre, supermarket等。
3.decide----decision：注意词组搭配(make-)和词性上的变化。
4.purpose：既可以考词意，也可以考后面的谓语动词的形式。
凡是出现purpose, aim, objective, plan，dream, goal等有含有目的性的词做主语时，后面的谓语动词一定是be to do的形式，同时关注这些词是否为复数形式。
自考00831英语语法提分高频考点串讲
4
第一章 词性与句子成分 The male students learn American English.
carefully
当我们在 learn 前面加上 “carefully”时，它可以告诉你 learn 这个动 作的状态；
另外： She is beautiful.
very
当我们 beautiful 前加上 very 这个副词的时候，我们瞬间可以知道这个 形容词的程度。综上，我们可以知道状语最常用的即为副词---会出现在有 动词和形容词出现的地方；当然，副词还可以修饰整个句子，例如：
第一节：两类基础句子结构：
呢？我们将会在这一节当中解决上面我们提出的问题，同时，这 一部分，也是我们了解英语句子奥秘，提升阅读和写作能力的基 础单元。
1
学程自考提分档案
Xue Cheng Zi Kao Ti Fen Dang An
第一节：两类基础句子结构：
第一类
【主语 + 谓语 + 宾语】
名词
动词
三 考情分析
较之前的自考英语，改版后的新自考英语已经不再设置过多的单
纯考查语法的题型，更多的是把词汇和语法结合起来考查大家的英语知 识的综合运用能力。 而阅读量的显著增加则对大家语言的整体理解和把 握提出了更高要求。
鉴于这种变化，建议大家在尽快熟悉新题型的前提下，将词汇，语 法与新题型紧密结合，再集中精力在 30 分的写作。逐个突破，急，也不拖拉，只要一步一步往前走，总会到达。 ——乔伊斯
假如人生是一次长征，水远山长，我们总期许在路上能得一知心人 相随。
倘若学习是一段旅程，越好的光景，就越鲜有人能如愿得见。在自 考这条并非坦途的旅程中，学程自考人愿做知心同路者伴你结结实实走 一遭，看尽沿途的风景，共浴旅途的汗水，收获终点的幸福。
自考英语讲义
13. sake : n 缘故；for the sake of sth为了。
的缘故，好处The company has decided for economy’s sake to close down this department.14. harmony : n 协调，harmonize: v使。
和谐；harmonious : a 和谐的15. in a sense: 从某种意义上说。
In a sense, you are right.16. it goes without saying that不言而喻，理所当然It goes without saying that you will be paid for the overtime work.Ⅲ. Analyze the difficult sentences:1. The new music was built out of materials already in existence…… (p1)译：新音乐是从已有的三种音乐发展起来的。
句子分析：词组in existence现有的、已有的；out of = from.2. The three forms remained musically and culturally distinct, and even as late as 1965, none of them were expressing any radically new states of consciousness. (p1)译：这三种形式保留着音乐和文化方面的特色，甚至直到1965年，这三种音乐没有一种表达出任何激进的新的意识形态。
句子分析：主语：The three forms；谓语（系动词）：remained；表语：distinct. musically and culturally是副词修饰distinct。
as late as 1965时间状语，none没有一个；new states of consciousness 新的意识状态。
新版英语自考二讲义重点9讲课稿
新版英语自考二讲义重点9II. Text LearningCyberlove① Thanks to the late 20th century technology, Maria of Denmark and Martijin of Holland met on a chatline. For months they've talked and sent letters to each other with the help of their computers as they found themselves falling headover heels in love. It was then that they decided to meet in the real, not onlythe virtual, world. It was not easy to arrange as the young man and his ladywere separated by 700 very real kilometers, but the date was a success and Maria and Martijn have been living together happily ever since. They've created a home page to let the world know how they've found happiness via the Internet and introduce couples who've met under similar circumstances.② Throughout history men and women had used a variety of means to find each other. Internet romance, according to some, is a bizarre method, and to othersit is a natural way for the 90's to meet potential mates.③ Romances formed on the internet follow a characteristic script. The development of emotional intimacy is a long process, sometimes taking several months. "Love at first byte" is rare although there are examples. (1)The initial light exchanges, whether by e-mail or in chat rooms, are generally followed by increasingly self-revealing topics, and then after a while, the two strangers perceive each other as a true friend. Hearts open and an avalanche of e-mail crosses cyberspace carrying literary quality, and electronic messages are even enhanced with verses and virtual gifts (flowers, kisses, animated pictures).Could any heart with romantic inclinations resist? (2)When you reach for the mouse with sweaty palms and butterflies in the stomach to look in the in-box for new mail - there's just no way to escape the fact - love has arrived.④ How does a cyber romance vary from a real life romance? Perhaps one significant difference is that communication plays such a large part. Words that convey feelings have enormous effect. (3)While before a real date we fix ourhair and our clothes, on the internet we polish our intellect, imagination and personality. (4)In essence, the sequence is reversed - first we show our inner beauty and only after it had won victory does the veil fall off the physicalvehicle of that personality at the time of that first meeting in person.⑤ It is a popular topic in cyberspace to debate whether or not true love can develop merely on an intellectual level（智力方面，精神方面，即"精神恋爱"）, without physicalattraction or the familiarity of the other's appearance? (5)To put it anotherway: is the physical appearance of the man or woman play a part in the relationship if, through the exchange of thoughts and feelings, they alreadyfell in love?本部分重点及难点：隐藏重难点解析1. The initial light exchanges, whether by e-mail or in chat rooms, aregenerally followed by increasingly self-revealing topics, and then after awhile, the two strangers perceive each other as a true friend.不管是通过电子邮件还是聊天室，最初是简单的交流，然后是越来越多自我表露的话题，过了一段时间之后，两个陌生人把彼此当成了真正的朋友。
(精选)英语学习资料自考英语(一)讲义(5).doc
血洛目国股黄语■ROCKY IN1tRMATX)MAL KNOLMMUnit 5Text A Fallacies about Food搭配：1. be eager to do sth./be eager for sth.渴望做某事/动词词组2. be supposed to do sth.应该，被认为去做某事；it is supposed that 人们认为3. be supplied to sb.把某物提供给某人4. substitute A for B 用A来替换B/动词或名词词组5. wash sth. down sth.用什么来潔下什么/动词词组6. have to do with/have nothing to with/have much to do with 与某人或某事有关/无关/很有关语言点：1 •阅读技巧：阅读时间如果很紧张的话，我们可以把两个逗号间的内容省略不看。
2. 使役动词：Eating deer would make them run as fast as the deer. Make 后用动词原形；同样make也是可以带宾语补足语的动词，e.g. eating enemies that had shown bravery in battle would make them brave.Think 也可以带宾语补足语。
E.g. People thought tomatoes poisonous.3. may have done sth.表示对过去的推测e.g. He may have cried yesterday. 他昨天有可能哭了。
She may have found a job last week.她有可能上个星期已经找到工作了。
4. civil （国民的）・civilized （文明的）・civilization （文明）5. it is/was thought that 有人认为6. eat-ate （过去时）7. Later another wrong idea about tomatoes grew up. Tomato 的复数形式需要在词末加es.Idea grows up.出现某种观点。
自考0795综合英语(二)基础班课程讲义全 上册Lesson10
Lesson Ten The Washwoman打印本页I. Outline of the TextPart 1: (Paras. 1-4)The washwoman was over seventy, small and thin. She did every piece of laundry beautifully but charged no more than others.Part 2: (Paras. 5-7)Life was hard for the old washman, but she managed to live independently.Part 3: (Paras. 8-18)She persisted in washing when she was nearly eighty. Supported by a strong will she work beyond the limits of her power? And she worked until she breathed her last.Part 4: (Para. 19)I believe the washwoman's honesty and sense of duty would be rewarded in paradise.Ⅱ. Key Phrases & SentencesOur home had little contact with Gentiles. But there were the Gentile washwomen who came to the house to fetch our laundry. My story is about one of these.我们家和非犹太人来往极少，但是非犹太人的洗衣妇要来我们家取走要洗的衣服，我要讲得就是关于这些洗衣妇中的一个洗衣妇的故事。
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一、名词和短语的英汉互译：1.Quota―配额、定量maintenance―维持、保持tariff barriers―关税壁垒invalid contract―无效合同monopolistic competition―垄断性竞争depreciation=devaluation―贬值inventory―存货清单cost effectiveness―成本效益direct/indirect tax―直接/间接税the req uired reserve―法定最低储备金economics of scale―规模经济packaging material―包装材料inferior product―残次品manufactured goods―产成品survey report―调查报告consumer goods―消费品export/import quota―出口/进口配额claim―索赔technical expertise－技术知识compensation trade－补偿贸易raw material－原材料traffic jam－交通阻塞subsidiary company－分公司multilateral trade－多边贸易service trade－服务贸易trade gap－贸易差额assembly line－生产线planned/market economy－计划/市场经济Universal Product Code－产品统一条形码visible/invisible trade－有形/无形贸易insurance policy－保险单excess reserves－额外储备金free port－自由港public interest－公共利益comparative advantage－比较优势trail order－试订单foreign-trade zones－外贸保税区sole agent－独家代理registered trade mark－注册商标geographic area－地理位置standardized container－标准集装箱delivery rate－运费target market－目标市场fraud－欺诈annal revence/annual gain－年收入means of production－生产资料retained profits－留存收益advertising media－广告媒介Gross National Product－国民生产总值Gross Domestic Product－国内生产总值consumption expenditures－消费品支出credit ration－信用额度know-how－专有技术tax exemptions－税收减免demand curve－需求曲线income tax－所得税joint venture－合资企业interest charge－利息费working capital－营运资金board of directors－董事会work permits－工作许可regular port－普通港productive capacity－生产能力labor force－劳动力transportation mode－运输方式infrastructure－基础设施barter trade－易货贸易premium－保险费weather conditions－天气条件market share－市场份额investment expenditure－投资性支出profit position－盈利状况communication system－通讯系统energy crisis－能源危机inflation rate－通货膨胀率fair dealing－公平交易financial institution－金融机构retailer－零售商terms of payment－付款方式technology transfer－技术转让a confirm offer－实盘disposable－可支的收入shopping center－购物中心economic crisis－经济危机a price-and-market mechanism－市场价格机制the supply and demand apparatus－供求机制inventory carrying costs－存货占用成本replacement cost－重置费用money market－货币市场capital-output ratio－资本产出比率the differentiation of the product－产品鉴别intangible factors－无形因素demand schedule－需求计划better quality products at good values－物美价廉的商品a dead-end job－没有出路的工作lower the cost－降低成本put on the market－投放市场mass-production－批量生产artificial silk－人造丝in the red－赤字preferential credit treasures－优惠的信用措施an industrialized country－工业化国家a merchant fleet－商船船队checkout counter－收款台interpersonal relations－人际关系downtown business district－城市商业区checking accounts－活期存款帐户high repeat exposure－很高的重复接触率underwriting－承保hypothetical economy－假设经济capital equipment－资本设备demand/supply elasticity－需求/供给弹性in random fashion－以任意的形式economic literature－经济学文献monopoly elements－垄断要素rational，thought-out decision－深思熟虑的理智的决定insurer－承保人taxpayer－纳税人二、单选中易考的短语和句式：the average person：般人make…into：把……制成…pay…for：为了得到…而付钱make profit：盈利；赚钱as far as sth. Is concerned：就…而言on average：平均last for ever：一直用下去look after＝take care of：照看；照料once in a lifetime：一辈子一次的，难得的persuade sb to do sth：劝说某人做某事persuade sb out of sth/doing sth：劝说某人不要做某事throw away：丢弃lead to：导致trade in sth for sth else：以一物换取另一物out of fashion：过时in fashion：流行turn…into…：使…变成…get into trouble：陷入困境be at work：在起作用go down：（物价）下降，下跌in the meanwhile：在此期间in limited quantities：有限的数量go into sth：加入：开始做strive to do sth：努力做某事protect …from…：使…免受…的伤害be harmful to sth：对…有害first of all：首先be composed of：由…组成，构成be labled as…：贴上…标签be on guard：警惕take sth for granted：认为某事当然，想当然in the order of：依…次序trick sb into doing sth：诱使某人做某事suffer from sth：遭受（疾病、灾难等）as a result of：由于under pressure：处于压力之下warn sb of（against）sth：警告、告诫drive sb to suicide：逼得某人自杀point out：指出run away from：逃离move house：搬家fall ill：生病in times of…：在…时候take up：从事；开始做…to tail after a man：尾随某人be in good（poor）health：健康情况好（差）commit a crime：犯罪as with…：如同…那样lose one‘s lead：失去领先地位change hands：转手、易手lead…in…：在哪方面居领先地位be designed to：目的是add to：提高、增加do away with：消灭、消除check out：付账后离开protection against the cold：御寒in many different climates：在不同的气候条件下spin sth into yarn：把…纺成纱guard a secret：保守秘密be known as：被称为by no means：决不by means of…：用…、依靠…go as high as…percentage：高达…的百分比arrange for sb to do sth：安排某人做某事take a train：乘火车hold on to：抓住…不放enter into business：开始经商according to…：根据…in general：一般地、大体上get used to…＝become accustomed to…：习惯于…complain about：抱怨apply to：适用于get along with…：与…相处at least：至少deal in sth：经营…slow down：减速provide sb with sth：为某人提供某物be in use：正在使用中place of historical interest：名胜古迹get around：各处旅行come to the conclusion that…：得到的结论是…be chartered for sth：被租来做某事have （no）trouble/difficulty in doing sth：做某事有困难be superior to：比…优越mix with：与…混合combine with：与…化合on earth：在世间separate…from：把…和…分开use up：用完an aid to sth：对…有所帮助inform sb of sth：通知某人某事go beyond：超越create a desire for…：激发对…的需求take advantage of：利用…；占便宜at this point：此时此刻for emotional motives：出于情感compete with（against）sb for sth：为了得到某物而与某人竞争remain in one‘s mind：记在心里get the attention of：吸引…的注意get down to do sth：开始认真做某事have advantage in doing sth：做…有好处prefer to do sth rather than do sth：愿意做…而不愿做…to be limited by：受限于…to confine…to…：把…局限于…in a position to do：能够做…have a effect on：对…有影响，有作用be aimed at：以…为目的relate to：与…有关associate with：与…联系在一起be subject to：受…的控制in a search for…＝in search of：寻找、寻求lead up：引入…in addition to…：除…之外couple with：与…相结合add to：增加trace to：追溯到…engage in sth：从事…be in operation：正在运转come into operation：实施、生效at large：普遍地be inclined to：倾向于…；赞同…in effect：实质上to be pessimistic about：对…感到悲观on…side：支持…step in…：介入…bine…to…：使…束缚于…make…possible to：使…成为可能by contrast：相比之下break into：闯入come across：路上偶遇某人pull though：使康复settle up：清偿，还清债务make up for：弥补，补偿put up with：忍受，容忍bestowed by：…赐予的be obliged to：不得不in terms of：在…方面specialize in：专门从事…merge with：于…联合，结合appeal to：呼吁be exposed to：使遭受、面对take in：接收，吸收prior to：从前的occasioned by：由…造成的be sufficient to：足以…to be pivotal in：起着关键作用take…into account：考虑到…in a swarm：成群，大批be aware of：知晓come up against：面对…的困难be ascribed to：归结于in excess of：超过keep pace with：与…并驾齐驱in the aggregate：总计be paired with：与…配对out of harmony with：与…不协调yearned for：渴望，向往be charmed with：被…迷住in consequence：因此replace…with…：用…代替…invest in：在…上投资be reference to：作为…的参考risk doing sth：做某事是有风险的attempt at doing sth：企图做某事take sth apart：拆开，拆散leave of：停止must have done：表示对过去的推测piggy-back service：背负式运输服务vary with sth：随…而变化held out：提出，主张anything but：决不是nothing but：只不过，仅仅是自考《基础英语》英汉互译前十分白拿两份报纸two copies of newspaper一块肥皂a bar of soap一件家具a piece of furniture一把剪刀a pair of scissors丢弃throw away陷入困境get into trouble工业产品industrial goods农产品agriculture goods一辈子一次性的收获a one-in-a-lifetime acquisition 没有出路的工作a dead-end job付一大笔钱pay good money过时be out of fashion流行be in the fashion批量生产mass-production降低成本lower the cost在起作用be at work物美价廉的产品better quality products at good values 所得税income tax投放市场put on the market小批量in limited quantities大量地in large quantities要求ask for下降go down从商go into business努力做某事strive to do sth.医疗设备medical device劣质产品inferior products一条面包a loaf of bread温和宽容的easy- going人造丝artificial silk假牙artificial teeth对…有害be harmful to警惕be on guard认为某事当然take sth for granted由…组成be composed of一个中年妇女a middle-aged women一些性格开朗的女孩an open-minded girl一个意志软弱的人 a weak-minded man一个意志坚强的人 a strong-minded soldier遭受suffer from由于压力as a result of stress警告信号warning signals交通阻塞traffic jam指出point out逃离run away from自杀commit suicide从事摄影take up photography高度工业化国家a highly industrialized country 工业生产industrial production制成品manufactured goods领先take over the lead失去领先地位lose one‘s lead赤字in the red就…而言as far as … is concerned易手change hands赚钱earn money金融中心a financial centre贸易中心a commercial centre国际贸易international trade外贸foreign trade商船船队a merchant fleet巨额金钱vast sums of money一大笔钱a large sum of money对付，处理deal with有形贸易visible trade无形贸易invisible trade贸易差额trade gap失血loss of blood高度机械化的工厂highly mechanized factory产品统一条形码universal product code黑白相间的条纹zebra stripes （or black and white stripes）斑马线zebra crossing油炸土豆片potato chips炸薯条French fries黑白电视机black and white televisions墨画black and white身上青一块紫一块be black and blue 光学扫描器an optical scanner激光束laser beam目的是be designed to消灭，消除do away with付账后离开check out到达登记check in现金出纳机cash register在左边on the left side收款台check out counter原材料raw materials制成品manufactured goods近在手边at hand衣夹clothes-peg晒衣绳clothes-line桌布 a tablecloth洗碗布a dishcloth洗碗机a dishwasher原始人primitive people现代人modern people穿着be dressed in从…上刮去scrape…from把…纺成… spin…into…把…制成make…into4000万年前over four thousand years ago 在远古时in the time immemorial富人和穷人一样the rich and the poor alike 想到think of剪去cut off讲故事spin a yarn保守秘密keep a secret直接税direct taxes间接税indirect taxes收入所得税income taxes纳税人taxpayer税务员tax-collector免税的tax-free国税state taxes地方税local taxes穷人the poor富人the rich年轻人the young老年人the old高达as high as以…形势in the form of政府机关government offices凭借by means of在某个星期一的早晨on a Monday morning 在星期一的早晨on Monday morning乘火车take train乘公共汽车take bus布莱克一家the Blacks向某人道别say goodbye to sb.向某人道歉say sorry to sb.每隔几分钟every few minutes每隔一天every other day每隔一行every other line不久以后shortly afterwards通向lead to抓牢hold on to一打鸡蛋a dozen eggs在阳光下in the sun注意pay attention to继续作某事keep （on）doting好像as if自信self-confidence自信的self-confident自大的self-important自助的self-service自给自足的self-sufficient自学的self-taught一般的in general确信be sure of习惯于become accustomed to 抱怨complain about说实话tell the truth说谎tell a lie适用于apply to处理deal with依赖于depend on必修课a required course 同…相处get along with考虑think about日复一日from day to day从始自终from beginning to end 每况愈下from bad to worse减速slow down在使用中in use不再使用out of use免费入场admission free免所得税free of income tax免费获得某物get sth. free再步行一段路即可到达的距离之内within walking distance 探知，查明find out得到以下结论come to the conclusion that得出结论draw a conclusion交通高峰时间rush hours交通拥挤traffic jams援助计划aid program视觉教具visual aids助听器hearing-aid捏粘土work clay揉面团work dough一定数量的a certain amount of大量地in large amounts小额地in small amounts优于be superior to劣于be inferior to把…与…相混合mix…with…把…与…分开separate…from把…分成se parate…into用尽use up表现了…的特点be characteristic of究竟，到底on earth五大湖区the Grate Lakes region通知某人某事inform sb of sth.利用take advantage of准备某事be ready to do sth.很容易拿到within easy reach够不到out of reach想出，熟思think out吸引…的注意get the attention of食品杂货店grocery store为…竞争compete for干得好do a good job记在心里remain in one‘s mind收款台checkout counter国营公司state-owned company合资公司joint ventures白雪覆盖的山顶snow-covered peak糖衣药丸sugar-coated pills营业时间business hors因公on business开始谈正事get down to business激烈的竞争strong competition通货膨胀inflation顺差surplus城市商业区downtown business district保险业insurance不断的never-ending受限于be limited by被认为是be perceived as把…局限于confine…to为了一切有实用价值的目的for all practical purposes 能够做in the position to do使…变成turn…to对…有影响have an effect on总纲general principles以…为目的be aimed at与…相关的relate to与…联系在一起associate with太阳能solar power受…的控制be subjected to引入lead up通讯系统communication system能源危机an energy crisis财政危机a financial crisis业余画家an amateur painter业余摄影家an amateur photographer道德的基础the basis of morality柱基the base of a pillar自然现象the phenomena of nature故意的on purpose商业银行a commercial bank金融机构a financial institution金融中心a financial centre财政困难in financial difficulties与生俱来的特权the privileges of birth活期存款账户checking accounts定期存款账户savings accounts州政府the state government联邦政府the federal government答应一项帮助grant a favor答应一项请求grant a request发给银行执照grant a charter to the bank一定量的资产a specified volume of assets遵循一定的常规follow certain practices隶属于州的银行state banks国家银行national banks活期存款demand deposits与…相结合couple with部分准备制的原理the fractional reserve principle 在任何一次at any one time可用，握有on hand公债government loans内债domestic loans外债foreign loans可能的买主a prospective buyer增加了increase by增加到increase to被看作be counted as防备取款a precaution against withdrawals 追溯到trace to法定最低储备金the required reserve额外储备金excess reserves就…意义而言in the sense在某种意义上in a sense自由港free port外贸保税区foreign-trade zones经济特区special economic zones从事于政治engage in politics忙着工作be engage in business与某人订婚be engage to sb.普通港口a regular port中东the Middle East远东the Far East近东the Near East关税壁垒tariff barriers起作用，生效in operation为…付关税pay a tariff on…索价，要价charge…for原材料raw material制成品manufactured products码头工人dock workers造船厂，修船所dockyard内河航行inland navigation国内工业home industries国内产品home products国内贸易the home trade国内市场the home market美国国会the United States Congress外贸保税区法the Foreign Trade Zones Act（英国）议院的法案An Act of Parliament（美国）国会的法案The Acts of congress外贸保税区管理委员会the Foreign Trade Zone Board 董事会the Board of Directors国际商务局the Bureau of International Commerce天津商检局Tianjin Commodity Inspection Bureau美国商业部United States Department of Commerce市场经济market economy计划经济planned economy决定性的测验the crucial test决定性的问题the crucial question在重要的关头at the crucial moment以分散的方式in a decentralized fashion市场价格机制a price-and-market mechanism 技术工skilled labor劳工与雇主之间的关系labor relations工党the Labor Party纯粹的形式a pure form英国工业革命the English Industrial Revolution 法国大革命The French Revolution普遍地at large倾向于做某事be inclined to do sth.全社会society at large有…倾向的be subject to由…产生的stem from实质上，根本上in effect供求机制the supply and demand mechanism完全承袭…传统in the full tradition of对于…感到悲观be pessimistic about对于…感到乐观be optimistic about指出point out个人利益private interest社会利益society interest支持某人on sb‘s side获胜，击败triumph over高度计划的社会主义经济highly planned socialist economies 用这样或那样的方式in one way or another介入step in决不by no means当然，必定by all means就…而言as far as…is concerned比较利益comparative advantage把…从…解放出来free…from使…束缚于bind…to…生产过程production processes比较利益原则the law of comparative advantage指…而言refer to把…比作为compare to适用于be applicable to使适应，使适合be geared to/toward为某事给某人报酬或奖赏reward sb for sth把…应用于，使用于apply…to…归类程序sorting process彼此one another相比之下by contrast卷入involve in完完全全的自由贸易perfectly free commerce致力于devote…to对…有益处的be beneficial to整个社会的普遍利益the universal good of the whole 独特的力量the peculiar powers大批量生产mass production总的生产规模the general mass of productions总收益general benefit商业往来commercial intercourse文明世界the civilized world把…用于… employ…in不得不做某事be obliged to do sth.在…方面低劣inferior in在…方面优越superior in交换in exchange for对…有利be advantageous for使…从…转移到divert…from…to标准化集装箱standardized containers集装箱运输container transport陆运overland transportation海运sea transportation空运air transportation水运water transportation管道运输pipeline transportation联运combined transport承运人carrier托运人consignor收货人consignee铁路运单consignment note空运单air waybill租船合同charter party提单bill of lading订舱单booking note重新占领市场regain market share背负式运输服务piggy-back service 从…方面来讲in terms of专门从事specialize in与…结合merge with失效，崩溃break down存货占用成本inventory carrying costs 短途送货short-distance distribution长途送货long distance distribution汽车装运的货物trucked goods空运货物air freight基础设施infrastructure广告媒介advertising media天天，逐日from day to day并肩地，相互支持地side by side说出，（尤指无意间）吐露throw out吐露秘密throw out a secret有吸引力，引起兴趣appeal to目标观众target audiences有线电视cable television有线电视广告收入cable ad revenues使遭受，面对be exposed to抛却，扔掉throw away旧货商a junk dealer预付费用the advance cost成本效益cost effectiveness被分为be segmented into（广播中的）答问节目talk shows解释，说明account for使（某人）信服convince…of…相当提前well in advance有…倾向的be subject to有很高的重复接触率high repeat exposure 保险insurance保险额insurance value保险公司insurance company保险范围insurance coverage保险费insurance premium作为对…的报答in return for防御protect against不愿意做某事be unwilling to do经商，经营in business因公有事on business赚钱make a profit收入，接受，吸收take in付钱（如福清费用）pay out投保人policyholder保险单policy建于…之上be based on索价，要价charge for毛利gross profit净利net profit国民生产总值gross national product统计学原理a statistical principle大数定律law of larger numbers随…变动vary with在相反的情形下in the opposite situation使恢复bring sb back to在…之前prior to为此目的toward this end由于…而发生result from导致result in故意行为an intentional act放火纵火set fire to sth在欺诈的情况下in cases of fraud有助于，促成contribute to重置费用replacement cost资本支出capital expenditure资本货物capital goods固定资本fixed capital流动资本floating capital资本积累accumulation of capital原始资本积累primitive accumulation of capital 把…用于employ…in…以同样的方式in the same manner有几分，有点儿in a manner补偿贸易compensation trade在和平时期in time of peace在战争时期in time of war足够的a sufficiency of sth迫使某人做某事oblige sb to do sth侵占，侵害encroach upon/on预定，命中注定be destined for由…所造成的be occasioned by在大多数情况下upon most occasions在那个时机on that occasion曾经，有一次on one occasion很少，不常on rare occasions足以be sufficient to从…而产生出来的be derived from使恢复restore to投资需求investment demand投资规模investment scale消费者需求consumer demand国民收入national income指出point out在…方面起着关键作用be pivotal in设身处地put oneself in the place of可能作某事be likely to do许多 a host of对某事加以考虑take sth into account对某事不予考虑leave sth out of account 在开始时at the outset从开始时from the outset政府的年限the life of a government企业预测business expectations决定性的因素a crucial factor在重要的关头at the crucial moment在…方面in terms of在人力方面in terms of manpower在理论上in terms of theory投资于invest in以…代替… replace…with…创新进步innovational advances大波动major fluctuations领导，带头take the lead成群，大批in a swarm一大群蚂蚁a swarm of ants生产资料means of production大量购买buy in bulk参考书reference book面对…困难come up against利息率，利率the interest rate货币市场money market企业投资支出business investment expenditure 不愿做某事be reluctant to do和…联系在一起be associated with与…有关系be related to归因于ascribe to规模经济economies of scale以空前的速度at an unprecedented rate换句话说to put it in somewhat different words成功地做成某事succeed in doing sth压出，榨取squeeze…out of每一单位投入every unit of input多于，超过in excess of过渡to excess在非常有利的条件下under extremely favorable conditions 优于，胜过be superior to劣于，次于be inferior to在春末in late spring企图做某事，尝试做某事attempt at doing sth攻击，袭击attempt on拆开，拆散take sth apart国民生产总值Gross National Product （GNP）生产性投资productive investment与…并驾齐驱keep pace with由于…的原因owing to因…值得受到称赞deserve credit for与…对照，与…对比as opposed to外汇分配foreign exchange allocations停止leave off可自由支配的收入disposable income对…负责be responsible for准备，筹备provide for到现在为止as yet弥补make up for政府支出government expenditures消费支出consumption expenditures时间滞差a time lag总计，合计in the aggregate集中精力于concentrate on与…有很大关系have a lot to do with与…无关系have nothing to do with逐渐获得，逐渐建立built up免税tax exemptions技术，技能know-how擦去wipe away辨别，区别distinguish one thing from another 建于…之上be based on/upon独有的特权exclusive privileges独家代理权exclusive agency商标trademark商品名称trade name同类卖价，批发价格trade price关于with respect to不管，不顾虑without respect to公平交易fair dealing使…与…相关联attach…to…就…之限度，在…范围内so far as 无形因素intangible factors无形资产intangible assets对某事加以考虑take sth into account 大约，多少有一点more or less广泛的兴趣a wide range of interest 相当独特fairly individual显著，杰出stand out反之亦然vice versa垄断性竞争monopolistic competition 常常more often than not纯粹的垄断pure monopoly纯粹的竞争pure competition纯粹浪费时间a pure waste of time至于as for需求曲线demand curve概言之，一般说来in general阻止某人做某事preclude sb from doing sth排除所有误解preclude all misunderstanding需求计划demand schedule与…竞争in competition with不完全竞争市场imperfectly competitive market 与…配对be paired with以任意的形势in random fashion与…合并be merged with有几分，稍稍in some measure把…至于显著地位bring into the foreground产生arise from部分独立partial independence经济学文献economic literature给…以其应有分量give due weight to集中精力于focus attention on观点point of view与…不协调out of harmony with与…协调in harmony with经济增长的代价the cost of economic growth不惜任何代价，无论如何at all costs丧失，牺牲at the cost of势如破竹的胜利an overwhelming victory极度的悲哀overwhelming sorrow绝大部分公民the overwhelming number of its citizens 渴望，向往yearn for继续，连续a continuation of为…奋斗struggle for心醉于，被迷倒be charmed with踩，践踏tread on sth踩在某人的脚趾上tread on sb‘s toes相互追逐tread on each other‘s heels得意洋洋tread on air与某人祸福与共cast in one‘s lot with sb决不是，绝对不anything but盼望，期待look forward to结果，因此in consequence富裕繁荣的社会the affluent society在富裕的环境中in affluent circumstances对…满意be content with丰富的饮食food and drink in abundance过着丰衣足食的生活live in abundance依次，轮流in turn赶上琼斯家keep up with the Joneses赶上，不落后Keep up with sb/sth继续作某事deep on doing sth更富有，跟舒服be better off生产商诱导而产生的需要producer-induced demand 成为…之一部分enter into sth自然增长或产生accrue from sth英国的工业革命the English Industrial Revolution传统的生活方式traditional pattern of life仅仅，只不过nothing but等于amount to不是，而是not…but…。