(3)2016.9.14NewsStructure(英语新闻结构)分析解读
大学英语外报复习新闻·及结构news and its structure
C. “inverted pyramid” structure
• Journalism instructors usually describe the organization or structure of a news story as an inverted pyramid. • This upside down triangle serves as a guide for how you include information in the story. • Using the inverted pyramid means starting with the most important information, then giving the next most important information and so on.
• DENVER, Colorado (AP) A lightning strike at a golf course driving range Saturday killed a man and injured his 16-year-old son, a fire department spokeswoman said • When Saturday • Where At a golf course • Who A man and his son • What Lightning killed the man and injured his son
B. The 5 “W’s” and the H News articles, especially a hard news story, always include the essentials—who, what, where, when, why and how. Good news writing attempts to answer all the basic questions about any particular event in the first two or three paragraphs.
英语新闻的结构特征和句子特征
Grammar structure
Simple
Sentences
The majority of sentiments in
English news are simple
sentiments,
emphasizing
clarity and brevity
Complex
Sentences
Longer, more complex sentiments are used to provide additional information or clarification points
Subject
01
The subject is the main focus of the news story, and is currently presented in a clear and coherent manner
02
It may include details about the people involved, the
The use of passive voice
Passive voice
The use of the passive voice in English news writing is common, as it focuses on the action or event more than the actor This style emphasizes objectivity and distance, making the news less subjective and more objective
Direct citation
Summarizing the content or message of a person or source without using direct quotes Direct citations are less formal and more consistent, often using the third person formal form ("they") to refer to the source
(3)2016.9.14 News Structure(英语新闻结构 )
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News Item 14 (1)
Indonesians n.印度尼西亚人
runoff ['rʌn,ɔ:f] n. 决定性竞选; 终投票
incumbent [in‘kʌmbənt] a. 现任的,在职的
moderate ['mɔdərit] a. 温和的;不偏激的 Muslims n. 穆斯林(即伊斯兰教徒) pledge [pledʒ] n. 保证;许诺;发誓 candidate [‘kændidit] n. 候选人;竞选人 voter [‘vəutə] n. 选举人;投票人
25
News Item 14 (2)
21
News Item 12 (1)
rundown ['rʌndaun] a. 破败不堪的
council ['kaunsil] n.理事会,委员会
estate [is‘teit] n.(房地产)产业; 地产 council estate (英国市、镇、郡等)地方当局拥有的地产
challenge ['tʃælindʒ] v. 要求,需要;激发
review n. 再检查; 审查
draw [drɔ:] v. 获取,得到 reject [ri‘dʒekt] v. 拒绝,抵制 placement ['pleismənt] n. 布置 scheme [ski:m] n. 计划;方案
urge [ə:dʒ] v. 催促;力劝;激励
23
News Item 13
9
II-1. Inverted Pyramid(倒金字塔结构)
英语新闻报道的语篇结构和文体特征
英语新闻报道的语篇结构和文体特征作者:钱建成来源:《新闻爱好者》2011年第08期摘要:阅读英语新闻报道已经成为人们了解世界的一个重要窗口。
英语新闻报道的语篇结构和文体具有鲜明的特征。
本文通过具体的例子分析了英语新闻报道的标题、导语和主体的语篇结构,阐述它们在词法、句法和修辞方面的文体特征,以期有助于读者对英语新闻报道的理解和欣赏。
关键词:新闻报道结构文体特征新闻报道(也称硬新闻或现场新闻)有极其严格的时间要求,报道必须迅速而又准确。
一般来说它由三个部分构成:标题(headline)、导语(lead)和正文(body)。
标题通常起着猎奇和招徕的作用,被视为新闻的“眼睛”;导语概括通篇,旨在导读,被视为新闻的“灵魂”;正文则具体描写,被视为新闻的“躯干”。
英语的新闻报道和汉语的新闻报道具有某些相同性,但是也有自身独特的语篇结构和文体风格。
标题一篇新闻报道首先吸引人注意的部分是它的标题。
英语新闻报道的标题力求用一句话来概括整个新闻的内容。
因为标题揭示的是新闻最主要的、读者最关心的核心内容,在印刷上它通常比辅题(包括引题和副题)更醒目一些。
除了单一的标题外,英语新闻报道的标题还大量采用复合式结构,通过主标题、引题和副题的配合,报告新闻的内容,指明其性质和意义。
引题位于主标题的上方,是将新闻事实的某一部分作铺垫,引出主标题,或烘托渲染气氛,或扼要介绍背景,或简短交代原因,或揭示思想意义。
它们在某种程度上起着辅助说明主题的作用。
如:Spent fuel shipmentsGermany to lift ban on transport of N-waste引题的意思是:核废料运输。
它的作用是帮助读者进行分类,说明这个消息是哪方面的。
而主标题则说明“德国准备禁止运输核废料”。
副题位于主标题的下方,其主要功能是对主标题进行解释、补充和印证。
如:President: US relations matterLinks conductive to world peace and stability主标题为江主席称中美关系很重要,突出新闻的核心内容,而副题:两国加强关系有利于世界和平和稳定是对主标题的补充。
英语新闻报道的结构
• 硬新闻关系到国计民生以及人们切身利益 的新闻。包括党和国家的重大方针、政策的 制定和改变,时局变化,市场行情,股市涨 落,银根松紧,疾病流行,天气变化,重大 灾难事故等等。这类新闻为人们的政治、经 济、工作、日常生活的决策提供依据。
• Soft news is a term for all the news that isn’t time-sensitive(时效性), including profiles of
A. Identify news categories
• the nature of the reported events 1. hard news 2. soft news
• Hard news is how journalists refer to news of the day. It is a chronicle of current events / incidents and is the most common type of news printed on the front page of a typical newspaper.
B. Identify news styles
There are mainly four news styles which are (1) news reporting (消息报道 ) (2) feature (特写) (3)editorial (社论) (4)advertisement (广告)
e.g. international news, domestic news, local news, etc.
• the issuing medium of the reported events
e.g. print news, broadcast news, TV news, onany event, idea or opinion that is timely, that interests or affects a large number of people in a community and that is capable of being understood by them. 新闻是指人们能及时获悉的事件、观点或见解,
英语新闻
• Kin Narita and Gin Kanie, celebrated their birthdays at a party with 140 family members and friends in Nagoya, central Japan.They also received gifts and congratulations from across the country.
英语新闻 的结构
硬新闻和软新闻
• 按照事件的性质分类,新闻可分为“硬新 闻(hard news)和“软新闻”(soft news)两大类,硬新闻也就是“纯新闻 消息报道”,指题材严肃,具有一定时效 性的客观事实报道;软新闻是指情感味浓, 写作方法诙谐,轻松幽默的社会新闻,不 注重时效性。
• 消息类新闻属于“硬新闻”,是广泛采用 的的一种新闻体裁。消息报道中的导语十 分重要,它位于第一段或第一、二段。通 过它点出新闻的主题,这是消息这种新闻 文体区别于其它文体的一个重要特征。五 个W和一个H(When?Where?Who? What?Why?和How?)是构成一则完整 的消息不可缺少的要素。
minor details 细节材料
least significant information 最不重要的消 息
Twins going strong at 106 • Tokyo——Japan's Kin-san and Gin-san, the world's oldest living twins, celebrated their 106th birthdays on Saturday, saying life gets much better after 100.
• Introduction containing most important or most interesting information导语包括最重 要或最吸引人的消息 more facts 更多的事实材料 supporting information or background 辅 助性消息或背景材料 quotes or more facts of less importance引 语或次要的事实材料
中英文新闻导语中话题结构差异分析
中英文新闻导语中话题结构差异分析本文属于中联论文网优秀论文发表本文来源于:中联论文网/xinwenchuanboxuelunwen/34530.html转载请注明本文仅供学术参考,严谨转载,否则后果自负【摘要】导语是新闻的精华,是对新闻内容和主旨富有特色的浓缩与概括,而话题结构是任何语言中的一种特有现象,不同的语言其话题结构有很大差别,不同的话题结构会直接影响句子结构和语言的表达效果。
本文将从语言学的角度来探索中英文新闻导语中话题结构的差异,其目的在于提高新闻导语的写作、翻译和阅读能力。
【关键词】汉语新闻;英语新闻;导语;话题结构一、引言导语是新闻的精华,它容纳着新闻最为主要的内容,是新闻的关键性段落,它起着开门见山,提纲挈领,概括全篇的作用。
一条好的导语就像磁铁一样将读者的目光立即吸引过来,让读者在最短的时间内大致了解新闻的主要内容,进而决定是否要阅读整篇新闻报道。
一则好的导语能为媒体和新闻事件带来极大的效应,因此各家媒体也都会在新闻导语的撰写上下工夫,以最优美、最新颖的文字,传递最重要的信息;以快捷准确的报道,做到先声夺人,从而吸引更多的眼球。
新闻导语尽管篇幅短小,但却提供了足够的、准确的新闻信息。
导语的这一特点,使其语言风格也别具特色。
不同的语言由于句子结构不同,其话题结构也有很大差别。
并且由于现代通讯和电子信息技术的迅猛发展,各国之间的报纸网站信息交流频繁。
因此本文作者试图从语言学的角度来分析中英文新闻导语中话题结构的差异,从而帮助语言学习者和新闻工作者提供高质量的新闻翻译作品,同时也帮助广大读者提高新闻的阅读能力。
二、新闻导语新闻导语产生于19世纪60年代,它是以凝练的形式,简明的语言表述新闻的核心、精华,揭示出新闻要旨,吸引读者阅读全文的新闻开头部分。
①新闻导语它集新闻价值和记者的工作能力为一体,既反映新闻价值,同时也反映记者最重要的文字基本功底和简洁的语言表达能力。
新闻英语学者除了将导语称之为“lead”外,有时也把它叫做“grabber”,意指能有效地吸引,牵制住读者的眼球。
中英文新闻导语语篇结构差异分析
中英文新闻导语语篇结构差异分析于 航(武警哈尔滨指挥学校文化教研室 哈尔滨 150070) 摘 要:本文以实例比较中英文新闻导语在要素选择、结构安排、内容和角度选取等方面的差异,初步分析了造成这些差异的原因,并指出了解这些差异有助于英语新闻的写作、翻译和阅读。
关键词:语篇结构 导语 中文新闻 英语新闻 一、引言“每种语言都有其独特的语篇组织原则”(Conno r,1996:5)。
外语学习者在写作或翻译过程中,由于缺乏对目的语语篇组织规律的了解,往往把母语的语篇组织原则迁移到目的语中,造成文章或译文的结构偏差。
有关不同语种新闻语篇结构差异的研究不多,目前收集到的只有3例。
D an tas2w h itney和Grabe(Conno r,1996)分析了大量葡语和英语社论文本,得出了英语比葡语社论语气更正式但结构更松散的结论。
T irkkonen2Condit和L ief I nder2Ko istinen(Conno r,1996)比较了芬兰语、英语和德语社论,发现芬兰语社论比英语和德语社论更习惯于提出自己的观点,以谋求读者的认同,而不是就某一问题的不同观点展开争论;德语社论较英语社论更多在开头提出论点。
H ati m (1997)比较了阿拉伯语与英语报纸处理引语的不同方式,发现阿拉伯语新闻比英语新闻更倾向于使用间接引语。
除此以外,语言学界很少有研究涉及新闻语篇结构对比,而导语方面的研究则更少。
笔者对比了大量中英文新闻,发现它们在语篇结构上也存在一定差异,而这些差异经常体现在导语的写作上。
导语方面需要的改动最多,也是能体现中英文新闻语篇结构差异。
本文欲从美籍语言顾问、新闻学教授Judy Po lum baum对译稿导语的处理入手,以实例分析、比较中英文新闻导语写法的差异。
这里涉及的新闻为狭义新闻,即消息,它以“迅速、直接、准确、简明、扼要地报道新近发生的事实为基本特征。
”导语写在新闻的开头(通常为新闻第一段),也是最关键的部分。
左新闻英语3英语新闻标题的结构和特点.pdf.docx
英语新闻标题的结构和特点一.新闻标题的结构新闻的吸引力不仅是新闻学界百谈不厌、历久常新的话题,而且是新闻工作者不懈努力、孜孜以求的目标。
新闻是给人看的,如果对读者没有吸引力,激发不了大众的阅读兴趣,那么,其传播价值和传播效果便无从产生。
法国新闻理论家贝尔纳?瓦耶纳在《当代新闻学》中说:“新闻工作者的职业也可以说是一半搞新闻,一半搞诱惑。
新闻的好坏还得看他吸引力的大小。
”自人类的新闻事业诞生以来,人们便把吸引力当作评判新闻作品好坏的重要标尺,而新闻标题又是增强新闻吸引力的第一要件。
新闻标题常用的有主题、副题、插题、引题、提要题等几种形式,不过现在的英文报纸趋向于只采用主标题。
一般来说,英语的新闻标题,可以按它所占的栏数(column number )分为一栏标题(one-column headline)、两栏标题(two-column headline)等,也可以按标题的内容层次分为一层标题(one-deck headline),两层标题(two-deck headline)等,有时标题的层次可以更多。
例:一层标题Run-up to Portugal’sElectionFirst二层标题Clinton Sees Mideast Bid As GloomyAfter Will Not Agree to Jerusalem Solution, White House Contends1多层标题DROP IN SPENDING BY U.S CONSUMERS SIGNALS SLOWDOWNA QUICK AND CLEAR SHIFTBut Economy Is Still Healthy and Most Analysts Believea Recession Is Unlikely一般来说,新闻报刊上的文章大部分采用双层标题,两个层次,一主一副相互补充和配合,起到既激发读者兴趣,又准确反映文章内容的相辅相成的作用。
[英语新闻的结构特征]英语新闻结构分析
[英语新闻的结构特征]英语新闻结构分析[英语新闻的结构特征]英语新闻结构分析新闻由于记者写作风格不同,文体结构无定格。
但大体上说新闻文体的主体结构是由标题、导语、正文三部分组成。
标题(headline):浓缩概括全文的中心实质问题。
导语(1ead or introduction):通常为的第一段。
文章的第一段提供主要话题和最主要的事实。
正文(body):在导语的基础上,引入更多的与主题相关的事实,使之更加详实、具体,并展开评论,进而得出结论。
在此我们以消息为例,详细分析一下它的基本结构。
消息类新闻属于“硬新闻”,是广泛采用的的一种新闻体裁。
消息报道中的导语十分重要,它位于第一段或第一、二段。
通过它点出新闻的主题,这是消息这种新闻文体区别于其它文体的一个重要特征。
五个w和一个h(when?where?who?what?why?和how?)是构成一则完整的消息不可缺少的要素。
直接的消息报道或纯消息报道一般采用“倒金字塔形式”(the inverted pyramid form),其特点是按新闻报道最重要的五个w和一个h头重脚轻地安排材料,把新闻的高潮和结论放在最前面的导语里,然后以事实的重要性递减的顺序来安排(in theorder of descending importance)。
在报纸、广播、电视等新闻媒体每天刊载和播发的新闻中,百分之九十是用倒金字塔结构写成的。
对于报纸来说,倒金字塔结构的新闻有自己的优势。
主要是可以使读者很快得到新闻的精华部分;在生活节奏越来越快的今天,一般读者很少把一条新闻从头到尾读完,他们可能随时放下报纸,因此,报纸有必要让读者首先读到最重要的新闻内容。
为了帮助读者了解这种倒金字塔式结构,请见西方新闻学著作中的图表说明:the inverted pyramid formintroduction containing most important or most interesting information 导语包括最重要或最吸引人的消息more facts 更多的事实材料supporting information or background 辅助性消息或背景材料quotes or more facts of lesser importance引语或次要的事实材料minor details 细节材料least significant information 最不重要的消息为了说明“倒金字塔结构”的新闻文体特点,现举美联社xx年11月22日的一篇报道为例:november 22,19:43est,xx28 killed in colombia landslideby juan pablo toroassociated press writerfiladelfia colom bia(ap)—rain-softened walls of a condemned strip mine crashed down onscores of gold miners in western colom- bia thursday,killingat least 28 and leaving 40others missing,authorities said.the victims were said to be poor people who ignored government warnings that erosion hadmade the mine unsafe.it appeared both the illegal digging and recent heavy rains were toblame for the aident.survivors said two separate mudslides ourred at the site in filadelfia,a small town120 miles west of bogotá.the second avalanche buried miners who were trying to rescue friends who had been engulfed in the first avalanche.rescuers shoveled furiously for hours in hopes of finding som- ebody alive,butonly recovered bodies.as night fell thursday,national disaster chief eduardo jose gonzalez said hopes of finding anyone alive waned as crews prepared to suspend operations.the search was to resume friday.gonzalez said 28bodies had been recovered,and at least 40 people were missing. thirty-two miners were reported injured and taken to hospitals.hundreds of people had gathered at the scene,many of them anguished and weepingrelatives.emergency crews from the red cross andthe civil defense forces were using heavy machinery to remove the thick mud spread overfrom a river running up to the hillside—used by the miners to rinse gold particles fromdirt.survivors said the earth crashed down without warning on a group of about 200 people trying to scrape gold from the well-worn hill-side.the workers were toiling with shovels and picks inside a deep hole they had carved into the hill.the cavern had no structural supports.many workers managed to scramble out of the way or crawl out from beneath the mud. others were not so lucky.“we heard a very loud sound and the hill suddenly fel l down upon us,”said 20-year-old manuel loaiza.“i was trapped up to my knees but some of the others dragged me out.” loaiza said he made less than $9a day at the crude mine.his 39-year-old uncle is still missing under the mud.aording to julian arboleda,an aide to caldas state governor luis alfonso arias,of- ficials ordered the mine closed several months ago.but residents thrown out of workby colom bia""s econom- ic downturn took the risk of working there anyway,arboleda said.。
高考英语新闻报道语篇结构和语言特点分析——以2016—2019年全国Ⅰ卷为例
引言新闻报道是一种报纸、电台、电视台、互联网等媒体经常使用的记录与传播信息的文体。
随着中国加入世界贸易组织和全球经济一体化,国际交流日益增多,收听或阅读英语新闻已经成为人们了解世界,获取有用信息,乃至学习英语的重要途径。
《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版)》(以下简称《课程标准》)中把“新闻报道”列为普通高中英语必修课程中的语篇类型。
《课程标准》中英语课程内容六要素中的语言知识部分也明确指出,学生在高中英语必修课程中要掌握新闻报道的常见语篇结构、标题特征和语言特点(教育部2018)。
纵观近十年的高考英语全国I卷,笔者发现2016年以前的全国I卷阅读理解语篇基本没有涉及新闻报道,而2016—2019年的全国I卷阅读理解语篇中都有新闻报道,这说明高考越来越重视对此类型语篇的考查。
下面笔者拟从语篇结构和语言特点两个方面分析2016—2019全国I卷阅读理解中的新闻报道,以期得到一些关于新闻报道(本文中的新闻报道专指英语新闻。
)阅读教学的启示。
一、新闻报道的语篇结构(一)高考英语中的新闻报道英语新闻可以分为“硬新闻”(hard news)和“软新闻”(soft news)两大类。
硬新闻是指“纯新闻消息报道”,一般都是具有时效性的客观事实报道,如国际上的政治类新闻和社会新闻。
软新闻是指比较偏重情感、轻松的社会新闻,不注重时效性。
高考英语选用的英语新闻多属于软新闻。
如下表:高考英语新闻报道语篇结构和语言特点分析———以2016—2019年全国I卷为例周慧【摘要】以2016—2019年全国I卷阅读理解中的新闻报道语篇为例,探究新闻报道惯用的语篇结构,分析新闻报道的词汇和语法特点。
认为教师在新闻报道的阅读教学中应紧扣其语篇结构特点和语言特色,为学生提供真实、丰富的新闻报道阅读材料,帮助学生提高新闻报道阅读能力。
【关键词】高考英语;新闻报道;语篇结构;语言特点;教学启示文章主题语境文章来源2019年C篇人与社会—生活与学习2018年B篇人与社会—历史、社会与文化2017年C篇人与社会—文学、艺术与体育2016年B篇人与社会—历史、社会与文化《基督教科学箴言报》2016—2019年全国I卷中英语新闻汇总表2016年B篇讲述了父辈和子女倾向于靠近居住的社会现象;2017年C篇是关于爵士乐的前景探索;2018年B篇介绍了英国电视台著名主持人苏珊娜(Susanna)主持的一档新节目;2019年C篇讲述了一个移民英语学习者在教师的帮助下树立信心的故事。
英语新闻的结构特征和句子特征
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1. 扩展的简单句(expanded simple sentence)扩展的简单句能容纳尽可能多的 内容,故常用同位语、介词短语、分词短语以及句词( sentence word)等语言 成分来扩展简单句。这种句子只包含一个主要意思和数个相关的次要意思。 句子各部分之间关系紧密、层次分明,结构仍然较为简单, 内容却丰富起来,从 而达到简洁、严谨、信息量大的效果。 2. 主从复合句( complex sentence)英语新闻报道中的主从复合句一般只包含 一层关系, 即简单的“主语+宾语从句/定语从句/状语从句”结构。单层的主从 复合句还有口语化的特征,易于受众快速理解和接受。 3. 被动句(passive-voice sentence structure)被动句强调行动或事件的结果, 显示新闻事实或动作的接受者比执行者更重要的情况,能起到简洁,突出重点的 作用,还可制造悬念、激发读者的好奇心,这尤其适用于标题、导语、事故灾难 类新闻等,有时不便或不愿说出动作的执行者, 用被动语态可起到缓和语气, 委 婉礼貌的交际效果。 4. there be结构( there be structure)这是新闻报道的一个常用句型,简单明了, 可出现在开头或文中,表示“发生”某事或“存在”某事,且显示报道的客观性, 常用来报道灾祸新闻。
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• (二)结构简洁紧凑
新闻报道的语言要求通俗易懂,所以其句子较短,结构较 为简单,尤其是在标题和导语部分。英语新闻中的句子多用简 单句和并列复合句,也适量使用主从复合句, 新闻报道多用这两 种简明的句式,目的在于传递更多信息的同时,增加可读性。 在新闻语篇中的不同部分,句子呈现出不同的变化。标题需要 简洁生动而节省篇幅,以简单句、省略句居多;导语既要简洁又 要概括要点、突出新颖之处,以传递主要信息和引起看下去的 兴趣,所以句子交待的内容较多,带了一些修饰成分,但其句法紧 凑,信息浓缩,一个句子就包含了主要信息,回答至少2~3个W的 内容,所以有较长的附加成分,如分词短语、同位语、从句等。 正文则按照“倒金字塔”或“金字塔”的新闻篇章结构展开内 容,如使用主从复合句解释标题,使用新闻体语句引出消息、交 待来源和背景等。简言之,新闻报道较多使用短句和短的段落, 句型简单化,词序常规化,避免在一个句子中夹杂许多不太相关 的信息。
英语新闻的文本结构和词汇特点
英语新闻的文本结构和词汇特点作者:袁欣米建荣张晶来源:《新闻爱好者》2009年第16期引言随着社会的不断进步,信息、资讯在特定的条件下都可以转化成物质财富。
每天中午12点CCTV-2的《全球资讯榜》早就喊出了“知讯者生存”的口号。
这是一个传媒发达,资讯无所不在的时代。
要想跟上时代的步伐,掌握新鲜的资讯成为现代人必须要具备的本领。
新闻是普通公众了解最新资讯最方便快捷的途径。
英语作为这个时代的通用语言,每天都有无数的新闻以英语为载体在世界各地传播。
同时英语作为一个包容性极强的语言,它自身也发生着日新月异的变化。
新闻具有很强的时效性,因而也最先能体现英语语言的变化。
了解英语新闻的文本结构和词汇特点,对更好地了解资讯和更好地学习英语语言都是很有必要的。
同时,在如今不断融合的国际传播领域,中国的对外传播也应该积极面对差异,取长补短。
本文主要关注英文报纸英语新闻中的文本结构和词汇特点。
至于广播电视媒体的英语新闻将另文进行讨论。
新闻文本结构新闻的种类很多,按分类标准的不同,有各种不同的分类方法。
如按照事件的性质分类,新闻可分为“硬新闻”(hard news)和“软新闻”(soft nows)两大类,硬新闻即“纯新闻消息报道”,指题材严肃、具有一定时效性的客观事实报道;软新闻是情感味浓、写作方法诙谐、易于引起受众感官刺激和阅读视听兴趣的新闻,社会新闻多属于软新闻。
这类新闻并不太注重时效性。
就文本结构而言,硬新闻基本上都是倒金字塔结构,而软新闻的结构则相对比较自由。
当今报纸上大概有90%的消息是用倒金字塔结构写成的。
新闻英语中常见的体裁主要有三大类:消息(news)、特写(features)和新闻评论(com-mentarles and columns)。
大体上说新闻文体的主体结构是由标题、导语、正文三部分组成。
标题(headline):浓缩概括全文的中心实质问题。
导语(lead or introduc-tion):通常为文章的第一段。
从三种不同的分类方法看英语新闻的结构特征
从三种不同的分类方法看英语新闻的结构特征AbstractIn modern society of information, newspaper is still an important way for people to learn about the outside world and acquire information. In order to read journalistic English article efficiently and to spot useful information in limited time. Three different aspects of the English news’s construction features are analyzed in this paper. The thesis can be divided into five parts. Chapter one touches upon the definition of the English news. The following three chapters deal with the process of analyzing construction of English news. First, it mainly explores the structures and features of hard news and soft news. After that, definition and examples of English news construction were given by its style, especially declared editorial and the whole chain of continuous reporting in detail. Then, the following aspects are discusses by it form: headline’s grammar, background of the text and so on. Chapter five not only concluded the whole passage, but also expressed the importance of reading news. Besides, it sum up varies reading tactics when accounting different articles.In conclusion, research on features of English news’ construction not only reveals the stereotype of news’ writing, but also makes English reading more efficient.Keywords:effective reading; construction; useful information; stereotype of news’ writing中文摘要在当今信息社会中,报纸仍是人们了解外部世界,获得信息的主要手段。
英语新闻报道作文结构类型
英语新闻报道作文结构类型Title: The Structure Types of English News Reports。
Introduction:News reports play a crucial role in conveyinginformation to the public in a concise and objective manner. The structure of a news report is designed to provide essential details while maintaining clarity and readability. This article aims to explore the various structure types commonly used in English news reports, highlighting their key features and examples.I. Inverted Pyramid Structure:The inverted pyramid structure is the most widely used format in news reporting. It prioritizes the most important information at the beginning, followed by supportingdetails in descending order of importance. This structure allows readers to grasp the core facts quickly, even ifthey do not read the entire article. The inverted pyramid structure is particularly useful for breaking news or articles with limited space.Example:Headline: "Earthquake Strikes City, Causing Extensive Damage"Lead Paragraph: "A powerful earthquake measuring 7.5 on the Richter scale struck the city today, resulting in widespread destruction and loss of life. The epicenter was located near the city center, and tremors were felt within a 100-mile radius. Rescue teams have been deployed, and emergency services are working tirelessly to assist those affected."II. Narrative Structure:The narrative structure presents news in a storytelling format, emphasizing the human element and providing a more in-depth analysis. This approach is commonly used forfeature articles or when the news has a significant impact on individuals or communities. The narrative structure engages readers by weaving together facts, personal anecdotes, and expert opinions.Example:Headline: "Empowering Women: A Journey of Triumph and Resilience"Lead Paragraph: "In a society dominated by gender inequality, women in rural communities are defying the odds and carving a path towards empowerment. Meet Sara, a single mother of three, who transformed her life by starting a successful handicraft business. Her story represents alarger movement that is empowering women and challenging societal norms."III. Chronological Structure:The chronological structure presents events in theorder they occurred, providing a clear timeline for readers.This structure is commonly used for news reports that cover ongoing developments, such as court cases, political campaigns, or sports events. By presenting information in a chronological sequence, readers can easily follow the progression of events.Example:Headline: "World Cup Final: A Nail-Biting Match Ends in Victory"Lead Paragraph: "In a thrilling match that kept spectators on the edge of their seats, the World Cup final unfolded with a series of dramatic moments. The game began with an early goal from Team A, followed by a relentless offensive from Team B. As the clock ticked, tensions rose, and in the final minutes, Team B secured a stunning equalizer, sending the match into extra time. With just seconds remaining, Team B's star player scored a decisive goal, clinching the World Cup trophy."IV. Problem-Solution Structure:The problem-solution structure is often used in news reports that highlight societal issues or challenges faced by communities. It presents a problem, provides context and analysis, and offers potential solutions. This structure aims to raise awareness and encourage readers to engage in discussions or take action.Example:Headline: "Youth Unemployment: Addressing the Crisisfor a Brighter Future"Lead Paragraph: "As the country grapples with an alarming rate of youth unemployment, it is imperative to understand the underlying causes and explore viable solutions. The lack of job opportunities, inadequate skills training, and economic downturn have contributed to this crisis. To combat youth unemployment, initiatives such as vocational training programs, entrepreneurship support, and public-private partnerships must be prioritized."Conclusion:English news reports employ various structure types to effectively present information to readers. The inverted pyramid structure ensures that the most critical details are conveyed first, while the narrative structure engages readers through storytelling. The chronological structure provides a clear timeline of events, and the problem-solution structure raises awareness and encourages action. By understanding these structure types, readers can navigate news reports more efficiently and gain a comprehensive understanding of the issues at hand.。
英语新闻体裁与结构
英语新闻体裁与结构·新闻定义阅读英语报刊,仅注意版面上的新闻标题还远远不够,读者往往要在标题这个“向导”的引导下才能登堂入室,仔细阅读由标题所提示的有关新闻,这才是读报的真正目的。
说到“新闻”这个词,虽然对一般读者已经十分熟悉,但是如果要下一个确切的定义,就不那么容易了。
迄今为止,新闻界有无数泰斗都对“新闻”下过自己的定义。
遗憾的是,至今世界上还没有一个简单而又公认的定义。
现不妨从众多观点中举出一些颇有代表性的定义:1)News is a fresh report of events,facts,or opinions that people did not know before they read your story。
(新闻就是针对人们读你的报道以前还不知道的事件、事实或观点的一种全新报道。
)2) News is anything timely that interests a number of persons,and the best news is that which has the greatest interest of the greatest number.(凡是及时的、能引起一部分人兴趣的东西,便是新闻。
而最好的新闻则是那种能够激起最大多数人最大兴趣的东西。
)3)News is any event,idea or opinion that is timely,that interests or affects a large number of people in a community and that is capable of being understood by them。
(新闻是指人们能及时获悉的事件、观点或见解,它能吸引或影响社会上的许多人,并能为他们所理解。
)4)News is the reporting of anything timely which has importance,use,or interest to a consi-derable number of persons in a publication audience。
英语新闻报道结构
英语新闻报道的结构一.新闻标题HEADLINE标题短而精,不好懂。
但标题是理想的“向导”它是新闻内容的集中和概括,用简练的语言浓缩新闻中最主要或最值得关注的内容。
使读者尽量“一见钟情”。
In short, it has 4 functions:1. Summarizing the story2. Arousing the reader`s interest3. Beautifying the newspaper page4. Indicating how much importance each news item has(一)标题的类型(省略、时态、语态)英语新闻标题可按形式与意义进行分类。
根据形式分类1.左齐头式标题(Flush Left Headline)IMFWillHaveSay2.通栏式标题(Banner Headline)又叫做头号大标题House Passes Obama Plan to Cut Taxes3.阶梯式标题(Drop Form Headline)形态美观,赏心悦目F.B.I. Agrees to CeaseIts Illegal SurveillanceOf the Research Institute4.倒金字塔式标题(Inverted Pyramid Headline)Factory WalkoutThreat OverSacking5. 双标题\复合式标题(Double Headline)此类标题通常出现在对重大事件的报道中,其形式为两行标题,有主标题与副标题。
Example 1:Expected to go to USCastro to Free Thousands of PrisonersExample 2:It Isn`t the Cow That Are MadIt`s the People That Are Going Mad6.转页式标题(Jump Head Headline)Example:Pentagon PlansSystem to FightRussia Satellites(Original)U.S. Plans WeaponAgainst Satellites(Jump Head)根据意义分类直接类标题(Straight Headline)此类标题开门见山,直接告诉我们报道的主题,是最常见的标题形式,也非常易于理解。
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News Item 14 (1)
Indonesians n.印度尼西亚人
runoff ['rʌn,ɔ:f] n. 决定性竞选; 终投票
incumbent [in‘kʌmbənt] a. 现任的,在职的
expedition [,ekspi‘diʃən] n. 远征;探险;考察 peak [pi:k] n. 山顶; 山峰 Mount Mckinley 麦金利山 attach [ə‘tætʃ] v. 使依附;使附属 dental ['dentl] a. 牙齿的;牙科的
corps [kɔ:] n. (医务、通讯、军械等兵种的)部队
review n. 再检查; 审查
draw [drɔ:] v. 获取,得到 reject [ri‘dʒekt] v. 拒绝,抵制 placement ['pleismənt] n. 布置 scheme [ski:m] n. 计划;方案
urge [ə:dʒ] v. 催促;力劝;激励
23
News Item 13
3
II. News Structure (英语新闻结构 )
但是,英语报刊上的绝大多数新闻,尤其是硬新闻
(Hard News) 都是用倒金字塔结构写的。因此,我
们只介绍倒金字塔结构。一般来说,用倒金字塔结构
写成的新闻包括三个部分:
4
headline lead
body
5
II. News Structure (英语新闻结构 )
enroll [in'rəul] v. 把...记入名册,登记(名字等) defeat [di'fi:t] v. 征服,击败 welfare [‘welfɛə] n. 福利的;福利事业 dependency [di'pendənsi] n. 依靠,信赖
22
News Item 12 (2)
launch [lɔ:ntʃ] v. 发动,发起 wide-ranging ['waid'reindʒiŋ] a. 广泛的
smoke inhalation (吸入) at his home last night.
Joe Smith, son of Bob and Carol Smith of 116 Travis Lane, was overcome by smoke in the family garage about 8 p.m. after pouring carbon solvent (溶剂) into the carburetor (汽化 器)intake of his car, according to a hospital spokesman. He was discovered by his parents, who called an ambulance.
Most interesting or most important Least interesting or least important
10
Another example of inverted pyramid style
Ben Davis, 85, of 345 Benson St., was killed in an
2
II. News Structure (英语新闻结构 )
Focus Structure(聚焦结构)
(或称Wall Street Journal Structure 《华尔街日报》结
构)
Extended-Dialogue Structure(对话结构) Hourglass Structure(沙漏式结构) First-Person Structure (第一人称结构)等
more than three hundred fifty;
less than 20 centimeters;
the biggest whale shark;
bones;
cartilage
16
Answers to Task One (3)
2. sense of smell;
blood;
chemicals; electrical and magnetic; nerves and muscles 3. plants that live in the ocean; unusual things; metal protective clothing Some carry their young inside their bodies with a cord connecting the fetus to the mother like humans do.
automobile accident on Warner Road about 1:30 p.m.
Sunday, according to the Arkansas State Police.
Davis, a Hot Springs farmer, was killed when his
car left the road and struck a tree two miles east of
town on Warner Road, police said.
11
Same story, written in chronological style
Today at 1:30 p.m., Ben Davis, who is a farmer at 345 Benson St., was driving home on Warner Road. He was two miles east of town when his car went off the road and hit a tree. Davis, 85, was killed instantly, according to a hospital spokesman. He was pronounced dead on arrival at the hospital.
target [‘tɑ:git] n.目标,指标
understand v.认为;推断 disguise [dis‘gaiz] v.假扮,伪装 videotape ['vidiəu'teip] n.录影带;录像带 believe v.认为;猜想,料想 intercepte [,intə'sept] v.拦截;截住;截击
right-wing [‘raitwiŋ] a.右翼的;右派的
plot [plɔt] n.阴谋;秘密计划
raid [reid] n.突然袭击;侵袭
Denmark n.丹麦(欧洲国家) Danish a.丹麦的;丹麦人的
20
News Item 11 (2)
shoot [ʃu:t] v.射中;射伤;射死
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Why is inverted pyramid style used? It allows the reader to read only the lead and know most of the important information. It allows the editor to cut the least important information from the bottom of the story and not worry about leaving out anything of great importance.
第一部分
文体概述
1
II. News Structure (英语新闻结构 )
新闻结构(news structure)是指新闻的组织结构,它体新 闻中新闻事实的安排次序和内部联系。英语新闻结构有
多种形式,常见的有:
Inverted Pyramid Structure(倒金字塔结构) Chronological Structure(编年史结构)
17
Keys to Task Three (1)
News Item 11 17. D
18. A
News Item 12
19. B
18
Keys to Task Three (2)
News Item 13 20. A
21. C
News Item 14
22. C
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้19
News Item 11 (1)
letter bombs 信件炸弹(恐怖分子等装在信封内的爆炸物) Sweden n.瑞典
8
An example of an inverted pyramid news story
A 16-year-old West High School sophomore is in critical
condition today at River City Hospital after being treated for
21
News Item 12 (1)
rundown ['rʌndaun] a. 破败不堪的
council ['kaunsil] n.理事会,委员会
estate [is‘teit] n.(房地产)产业; 地产 council estate (英国市、镇、郡等)地方当局拥有的地产
challenge ['tʃælindʒ] v. 要求,需要;激发
13
News listening– Vibe film
/story/2611.html
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Answers to Task One (1) I. 1. D 2. C 3. D 4. B