Thomas Hardy托马斯哈代

合集下载

Thomas-Hardy人物介绍英语课

Thomas-Hardy人物介绍英语课
Thomas Hardy was a British poet and novelist 托马斯哈代是英国的诗人、小说家。
Yeah, I am good at writis literature 尽管他是以他的文学著名于世的
What?
he started his career as an architect 但他一开始并没有直接步入文坛,而是从搬砖盖房子开始了他的职业
And he succeeded! From the first novel, "The Desperate Remedies" to the fourth novel "Far from the Madding Crowd", he has had become a famous novelist.
Thomas Hardy
Rage-comic Version
Email:
Today I am going to introduce a writer, Thomas Hardy. 大家好,今天我向大家介绍一位文学家——托马斯哈代。 (好像掺进来了什么奇怪的东西)
Hello , I am Hardy
他最有名小说有两部,《德伯家的苔丝》《无名的裘德》。这两部小说是如此 的引起争议,以至于这两部小说也是哈代的最后两部小说。
At that time, someone who wanted to prove his noble, he would buy these novels, and then criticize Hardy immoral after reading. Therefore, somebody said the reason why Hardy no longer writes a novel is that these books gave him enough money.

thomas hardy the darkling thrush 赏析

thomas hardy the darkling thrush 赏析

thomas hardy the darkling thrush 赏析
托马斯·哈代(Thomas Hardy)是19世纪末至20世纪初英国最杰出的文学家之一,他的作品主题深邃,笔触细腻,深受读者喜爱。

其中,《The Darkling Thrush》是他众多诗歌中的一首,通过对一只在冬日暮色中鸣叫的暗淡的知更鸟的描绘,传达了深沉而独特的情感。

《The Darkling Thrush》这首诗的情感基调是哀伤与希望并存。

在寒冷的冬日,知更鸟在暮色中唱出凄凉的歌声,象征着生命的脆弱和世界的冷酷。

然而,这只鸟儿“不顾九月的苍穹已不再看顾它的歌”,坚持歌唱,仿佛在冷酷的世界中找寻着希望。

哈代的诗歌常常通过自然和人类的困境来映射社会的冷漠和人生的苦难。

在这首诗中,他运用象征手法,将知更鸟的歌唱与人类的困境和挣扎紧密相连。

知更鸟的歌声不仅仅是自然的声响,更是对生活的热爱、对未来的渴望和对苦难的抗争。

此外,哈代的诗歌语言优美、节奏感强,通过细致入微的观察和描绘,将读者带入一个既真实又充满诗意的世界。

他的诗歌往往富有哲理,引人深思。

《The Darkling Thrush》这首诗以其独特的情感和哲理,让读者在欣赏其美的同时,思考人生的意义和价值。

哈代的诗歌不仅表达了他对人生的独特见解,也展现了他作为一位伟大文学家的艺术才华。

这首诗以其深刻的主题和独特的艺术手法,成为了英国文学中的经典之作。

Thomas Hardy托马斯哈迪

Thomas Hardy托马斯哈迪

2010级12班王之宜201005421227Thomas HardyThomas Hardy (1840-1928) is in the last of the great Victorian novelist. Hardy was born in Dorset, southern England. Son of a builder, he became a builder himself. At the age of 22, he began to write poetry. He insisted in studying literature and philosophy by himself. Then in 1867, he began to write novels. While, for the last three decades of his life, he turned back to poetry and became one of the major Victorian poets. Hardy was the most pessimistic novelist of the Victorian Age. Life after 1870s became drastically different with drastic changes in mood and tenor. The age of Emile Zola’s naturalism had arrived. Hardy was apparently affected: the spirit of determinism characteristic of the naturalistic works of the period permeated his later novels as well. But Hardy is not a naturalistic writer. Hardy was a prolific writer. His Victorian novels were divided into 3 groups, novels of character and environment, romances and fantasies and novels of ingenuity. He also wrote short stories and post-Victorian poetry.In his early life, Hardy tried to write some poems but all of them were not published, so he began to write novels. Hardy's first novel, The Poor Man and The Lady, finished by 1867, but he failed to find a publisher. With the advices of his friend, he gave up trying to publish and destroy the manuscript. In 1871, he published his first novel Desperate Remedies, and then publishes Under the Greenwood Tree in 1872, A Pair of Blue Eyes in 1873. Hardy’s greatest nove ls are T ess of the D’Urbervilles,Jude the Obscure. And the former attracted criticism for its sympathetic portrayal of a "fallen woman" and was initially refused publication. Its subtitle, A Pure Woman: Faithfully Presented was intended to raise the eyebrows of the Victorian middle-classes. Unlike the novels of Charles Dickens and George Eliot, Hardy's novels do not beg to be filmed or to be adapted for the stage. Some scholars have suggested that this is due to the absence of flair in Hardy for the overtly dramatic.Naturalism and fatalism can be sensed everywhere by readers in his novels. His works capture the ethos of England, and contain symbolism, allusions as well ascombination of naturalism, realism and symbolism. Hardy is skillful in using nature and landscape to express human feelings. Hardy’s writing features lie in his determinist stance on the nature of life and the cosmos, his sharp sense of the humorous and absurd and his love and observation of the natural world with strong symbolic effect. H ardy’s stories are always moving and bewitching. He deviates consciously from traditional Victorian realism that emphasizes plot more than characterization. It is definitely to his credit that he manages to bring back to fiction a high sense of tragedy, th e Greek sense of fatality. What’s more, Hardy places emphasis on the deeper psychology of his characters. Hardy’s language possesses a silent power and charm. His prose is studded with rhetorical devices and poetic imagery, and is richly connotative. He is also famous for his uneven style. While there are some minor flaws in Hardy’s works-his ideas are not always clear, and his plots may occasionally jump and dislocate.The features in his novels cannot separate from his experience.Firstly,the source of his thoughts of destiny came from the great influence from his mother and grandmother in his childhood and the child memories greatly affected his future writing.Secondly,ancient Greek tragedies played a key role in the literary education he had got.The characters in his novel are quite different from those in ancient Greek tragedies,but they both have strong tragic flavor,no escape from destiny and strong sense of fatalism.The readers can taste the bitterness,pain,helplessness and unreasonable fate.Finally,the social causes of the thoughts of tragic destiny in Hardy s novels are explored as followed:the dark society,the gap between the poor and then rich and the invasion of capitalism into countryside driving many poor peasants into bankrupt and plights.So the unchangeable social reality and the social vicious power forced him into believing in fate and made him a tragic fatalist.Tess of the D’Urbervilles is Thomas Hardy’s great work which possesses a very important position in literary history of the world. Since it was born 100 years ago, it has attracted people’s attention and argument, in part because it challenged the sexual mores of Hardy's day. The story is about the tragic fate of Tess. Tess is a beautiful and pure girl at first, but her innocence and ignorance of sex caused her seduced by Alecand therefore she has no chastity. When Tess experiences physical, material and spiritual sufferings, Angel comes to Tess, caring her and loving her. He gives Tess great condors like an angel sending good news of God. However, when he knows Tess has been seduced by Alec, his attitude changes very drastically. He cannot forgive Tess and asks to stop the marriage. Then he leaves Tess. The pain he has brought to Tess is much more serious than that brought by Alec, and it is even fatal in some sense. Under the torment of the hate for Alec and the love for Angel, Tess falls into great despair and she stabs Alec and runs away with Angel. But she is finally arrested and hanged.The story reveals the spirit of determinist defeatism and enforces its shibboleth of predestination, and no amount of human effort can alter its design of darkness. Tess is a paragon of innocence. What she asks for life is simple enough: to be loved and happy. But she is not got it because she is at the mercies of the odds against her. (Two men must appear in her life to confuse and distract her. One is totally evil; the other apparently good. The two both serve as the instruments of Chance. So many coinc idences occur in Tess’ life that the hand of Chance is in evidence wherever she goes.) This novel is a mirror for the spirit of the time. Hardy describes his critical attitude towards the unjust treatment of women and his denunciation of the hypocrisy of the social structures a moral code of Victorian England.“Ache of modernism" is one theme of this novel, and this theme is notable in Tess, which, as one critic noted, portrays "the energy of traditional ways and the strength of the forces that are destroying them". His works focuses on the representation of the psychic ache that modern civilization brings on to man. They have a grave sense of crisis and bear strong affinity with the modernist literature. Angel's middle-class fastidiousness makes him reject Tess. When he parts from her and goes to Brazil, the handsome young man gets so ill that he is reduced to a "mere yellow skeleton". All these instances are typically interpreted as indications of the negative consequences of man's separation from nature, both in the creation of destructive machinery and in the inability to rejoice in pure nature. However, Marxist critic Raymond Williams in The English Novel from Dickens to Lawrence questions the identification of Tess with apeasantry destroyed by industrialism. Tess is not a peasant, she is a school educated member of the rural working class: she suffers a tragedy through being thwarted, in her aspirations to rise and her desire for a good life (among which is love and sex), not by "industrialism" but by the landed bourgeoisie (Alec), liberal idealism (Angel) and Christian moralism in her family's village.You can also find sexual double standard in this novel. Hardy criticizes certain social constraints that hindered the lives of those living in the 19th century. It was also moral conflict at that time when women were not allowed to have the same rights as men. Alec’s seduction of Tess destroys her happiness and brings her shame. But n o one thought that Alec was guilty but blamed Tess. Besides, Tess tried to be honest about her unfortunate past before the marriage, but following the order of fate, her husband didn’t read her letter. At the weeding day Angel confess he had done something bad at the past and gain forgive from his wife, while Tess told him her tragedy and gain discard from him. The body hurt from Alec and the physical hurt from Angel make the final tragedy to Tess.References:蔡健,《从女性主义批评解读苔丝的悲剧》,《南京航空航天大学学报》(社会科学版)2009/4。

英国作家哈代个人及作品简介1_thomas_hardy__

英国作家哈代个人及作品简介1_thomas_hardy__
哈代在多塞特郡的本地学校接受基础教育,后来获得奖学金进入伦敦的皇家学院学习建筑。然而,他对文学的热爱逐渐胜过了对建筑的兴趣。
教育经历
出生地与家庭背景
文学起步
01
哈代在伦敦期间开始尝试诗歌创作,并在一些杂志上发表作品。他的诗歌风格独特,融入了多塞特郡的乡村风情和人物的悲剧色彩。
小说创作
02
哈代的小说作品最为人所熟知,其中包括《远离尘嚣》、《无名的裘德》等。这些作品通常描写了乡村人物的命运与挣扎,反映了工业化和城市化对乡村社会的影响。
THANKS
感谢您的观看。
继承与颠覆
他的作品深深扎根于英国乡村,展现了丰富的地方色彩和乡土情怀,与英国文学中的乡村主题紧密相连。
乡土情怀
现实主义风格
哈代的作品以其现实主义风格和深刻的社会洞察力而著称,对后来的作家如D.H.劳伦斯和格雷厄姆·格林等产生了重要影响。
悲剧色彩
他的作品中弥漫的悲剧色彩和宿命论观念,也影响了许多现代主义和后现代主义作家。
戏剧成就
03
除了诗歌和小说,哈代还涉足戏剧领域,创作了一些舞台剧作品。这些作品同样展现了他对乡村生活和人物命运的关注。
晚年生活
哈代在晚年时期依然坚持创作,但他的作品在当时并未受到足够重视。他的个人生活也经历了一些不幸,包括亲人的离世和健康问题。
文学影响
尽管哈代的作品在他去世后才逐渐受到重视,但他的创作对20世纪英国文学产生了深远影响。他的作品风格独特,既具有浓郁的乡村风情,又深刻反映了社会变革对普通人的影响。
细致入微的描绘
他运用客观的叙述方法,让角色和事件自然展现,不加过多主观色彩,使得作品具有更高的真实感。
客观的叙述方式
命运的无情
哈代的作品中常常体现出命运对人的无情摆布,人物无论怎么努力都难以逃脱命运的束缚,展现出一种深深的悲观主义色彩。

Thomas hardy 托马斯哈代

Thomas hardy 托马斯哈代
In many of Hardy’s novels, the conflict between the traditional and the modern is brought to the center of the stage.
14
Masterpiece
-Main characters Tess of the 'UDrbervilles
了孩子。孩子病死后,她去一家牛奶场做工,认识了安琪儿·克莱尔,并
与他相爱。新婚之夜,安琪儿了解到苔丝的失贞,便离她而去,远走巴西, 苔丝转到另一个农场做工。父亲死后,房东将她家住的房子收回。为了不
让家人流落街头,苔丝被迫又回到阿列克身边。安琪儿后来悔悟,突然回
来找她,苔丝心情十分痛苦,用刀子将阿列克杀死。小说结束时,苔丝作 为杀人犯被处以绞刑。
a woman of high social status. She had a very interesting personality and was always remember by visitors to the Hardy household. She died in 1912.
His poems
2.Romances and Fantasies
(传奇与幻想小说)
A Pair of Blue Eyes(1873) 《一双蓝眼睛》
Two on a Tower(1882) 《塔里的两个人》 The Well-Beloved(1897) (first published As a serial from 1892) 《心爱的人》
Alec d'Urberville — The son of Mrs. d'Urberville. He either rapes or seduces Tess when she is no more than sixteen or seventeen years old, and later pursues her relentlessly. John Durbeyfield— Tess's father, a pedlar in Marlott village who is a lazy alcoholic.

英国文学Thomas Hardy作者介绍ppt

英国文学Thomas Hardy作者介绍ppt

1856 At 16, he was apprenticed to a local architect.
1862
He moved to London and become an architect. Meanwhile, he tried writing poetry, but was rejected
by publishers, so he failed to get any published.
1867
poor health forced him to return to Dorset, but he still worked as an architect to support himself while writing
• Their setting is the agricultural region of the southern counties of England. He truthfully depicts the poverty and decay of small farmers who become hired field hands(沦落为雇佣的田间劳动者) and these labourers are mercilessly exploited by the rich landowners.
Thomas Hardy 托马斯·哈代 (1840-1928)
17英语2 Rita
Contents
0 1 Life 0 2 Writing styles 0 3 Works 0 4 Comments
• Novelist and poet, is one of the representatives of English critical realism at the turn of the 19th century.

托马斯 哈代

托马斯 哈代

着得爱站温自来,上着知,
的冷我到柔己到你一的的你
时淡,我的能我却句时歌却
分无没身情够跟披。候曲对
?情有边感复前着 ,,我
,争,!活;月 你 歌
吴 笛
论 ,
光却唱 不


——
遗言争执
哈代留下的遗言是死 后葬在故乡的家墓里。可 是政府为了表示对当代有 名作家的重视和敬意,坚 持要举行国葬,把遗体安 葬在威斯敏斯特大教堂的 诗人角。
(二)苔丝的形象
• 1、苔丝是一个纯洁、善良、美丽、坚强并具有牺牲精神和 反抗精神的英国农村女性形象。
• 环境
历程
多重因素
• 布蕾谷
纯洁女孩
绝对贫穷
•↓

• 纯瑞脊
失节女
金钱、暴力、宗教
•↓

• 塔布篱
被弃妇
虚伪的道德
•↓

• 棱窟槐
雇工
残酷的剥削
•↓

• 群鹤公寓
杀人犯Leabharlann 不平等的法律(二)苔丝的形象
多塞特郡的建筑师
• 在当建筑学徒的时候,哈代就开 始写诗歌。总是退稿。后来又改 写小说。1874年,他的小说《远 离尘嚣》出版获得成功,从此哈 代放弃了建筑师的工作,专事写 作。
责备
如你象当来啊心现或但我现
同是现你赢,情在者是们在
我否在死得我沉我不,曾我
俩会这了这真重死想我经死
活变般,份盼地了唱活熟了
19世纪现实主义文学
托马斯·哈代
多塞特的悲剧作家——哈代
哈代的故居
一、复活了威塞克斯的哈代
哈代(Thomas Hardy 1840—1928) 英国19世纪末和20世纪

Thomas Hardy

Thomas Hardy

• 哈代一生共发表了近20部 长篇小说,其中最著名的 当推《德伯家的苔丝》、 《无名的裘德》(Jude the Obscure)、《还乡》和 《卡斯特桥市长》。诗8集, 共918首,此外,还有许 多以“威塞克斯故事”为 总名的中短篇小说,以及 长篇史诗剧《列王》。
• 生平
• 16岁开始做建筑学 • 25岁写诗 • 1866年开始小说创作,第一 部小说《穷人与贵妇》未出 版 • 1874年与爱玛· 拉文纳结婚。 • 1903年——1908年哈代关于 拿破仑战争的三卷诗剧《列 王》问世 • 1928年1月11日,哈代在多 塞特多切斯特去世
• Through the slow summer, when the sun • Called to each frond and whorl • That all he could for flowers was being done, • Why did it not uncurl?
• It must have felt that fervid call • Although it took no heed, • Waking but now, when leaves like corpses fall, • And saps all retrocede. • Too late its beauty, lonely thing, • The season"s shine is spent, • Nothing remains for it but shivering In tempests turbulent.
主要作品
《韦塞克斯诗集》《今昔诗集》 《早期与晚期抒情诗》《艾丽西娅日 记》《时光的笑柄》《列王》《一双 湛蓝的眼》《今昔诗篇》《德伯家的 苔丝》《计出无奈》

作家托马斯哈代的简介

作家托马斯哈代的简介

作家托马斯哈代的简介托马斯;哈代,英国诗人、小说家。

他是横跨两个世纪的作家,早期和中期的创作以小说为主,继承和发扬了维多利亚时代的文学传统;晚年以其出色的诗歌开拓了英国20世纪的文学。

下面是搜集整理的作家托马斯哈代的简介,希望对你有帮助。

托马斯;哈代,OM(Thomas Hardy,1840年6月2日-1928年1月11日),英国作家。

他生于农村没落贵族家庭。

1861年去伦敦学建筑工程,并从事文学、哲学和神学的研究。

当过几年建筑师,后致力于文学创作。

哈代1840年6月2日生于英国西南部的多塞特郡,毗邻多塞特郡大荒原,这里的自然环境日后成了哈代作品的主要背景。

他的父亲是石匠,但爱好音乐。

父母都重视对哈代的文化教育。

1856年哈代离开学校,给一名建筑师当学徒。

1862年前往伦敦,任建筑绘图员,并在伦敦大学进修语言,开始文学创作。

1867年因健康问题返回故乡。

最初写作诗歌,后因无缘发表,改事小说创作。

成名作是他的第四部小说《远离尘嚣》(Far from the Madding Crowd)(1874)。

从此,他放弃建筑职业,致力于小说创作。

1867-1868年完成第一部小说《穷人与贵妇》(The Poor Man and the Lady),但未能出版。

首次发表的小说是《计出无奈》(DesperateRemedies)(1871)。

接着发表《绿林荫下》(Under the Greenwood Tree)(1872)、《一双湛蓝的眼睛》(A Pair of Blue Eyes)(1873),开始了以威塞克斯(Wessex)为背景的一系列乡土小说的写作。

1878年发表《还乡》(The Return of the Native),写游苔莎嫁给在巴黎当过钻石店经理的青年姚伯,幻想丈夫能带她离开荒原,后因种种误会和不幸夜间出走,失足落水而亡,最后姚伯因得不到乡亲的谅解和支持而事业难成,当了传教士。

一些评论家认为《还乡》是他最出色的作品。

托马斯哈代的诗歌精译

托马斯哈代的诗歌精译

浪漫主义诗人托马斯哈代的诗歌精译托马斯哈代(Thomas Hardy)是英国浪漫主义时期的代表性诗人之一,他的诗歌充满着浪漫主义的情感和对生命本质的深刻思考。

在他的诗歌中,我们可以感受到浓郁的古典气息和对自然的热爱,同时也可以看到他对人生的苦恼和困惑的反思。

本文将以托马斯哈代的诗歌精译为中心,介绍他的生平和诗歌创作,深入解读他的诗歌思想和艺术风格,带您探索这位伟大诗人的灵魂世界。

一、托马斯哈代的生平及诗歌创作托马斯哈代出生于1840年,是英国村庄维尔弗德的一个家庭的孩子。

他在当地接受了教育,随后前往伦敦学习建筑,在此期间他也开始写作。

他的第一部小说《荒原上的人》发表于1871年,此后逐渐转向诗歌创作。

他的第一本诗集《无人问津的研究》于1898年出版,成为了他成名的作品之一。

他的诗歌大都以叙事为主,内容涉及生命、死亡、爱情、自然等主题,充满着浪漫主义的情怀和哲学的深度。

二、托马斯哈代的诗歌思想托马斯哈代的诗歌思想受到浪漫主义和现实主义思潮的影响,他的诗歌创作表达了他对人生、自然和时间等问题的深刻思考。

他的诗歌充满着浓郁的哲学情怀,对生命、死亡和时间等问题进行了深入的探讨。

在他看来,人类的存在是短暂而微不足道的,时间的推移和自然的力量在不断地消磨人的生命。

但是,他并不是完全悲观的,他认为生命虽然短暂,但是人可以通过个人的品质和精神追求来使生命更有意义。

三、托马斯哈代的诗歌艺术风格托马斯哈代的诗歌艺术风格具有古典派和浪漫主义的特点,他的诗歌语言简练,意境深远,富有音乐性和节奏感。

他的诗歌大多采用平仄韵律的形式,使诗歌的节奏感更加强烈,同时也更容易记忆。

他的诗歌充满着自然的美感,在描写自然时,他经常使用形象生动而深刻的比喻手法,使人对自然产生更为直观的感受。

他的诗歌也充满了强烈的人文关怀,对人类的生命和命运进行了深刻而感人的描绘。

四、结语托马斯哈代是英国浪漫主义诗歌的代表性人物之一,他的诗歌思想和艺术风格对后世的诗人和文学家产生了巨大的影响。

托马斯哈代介绍

托马斯哈代介绍

Wessex Poems and Other Verses (1898) Poems of the Past and the Present (1901) Time's Laughingstocks and Other Verses (1909) Satires of Circumstance (1914) Moments of Vision (1917) Collected Poems (1919) Late Lyrics and Earlier with Many Other Verses (1923)
Novels of love trapping
Novels of character and environment
Novels of romance and fantasy
A Pair of Blue Eyes
The Trumpet major Two on a Tower The Well-Beloved A Group of Noble Dames
Thomas Hardy 托马斯·哈代
Thomas Hardy
Born : June 2, 1840
Died : January 11, 1928 (aged 87)
Graduated :King‘s College , London
Occupation : Novelist, Poet, Short Story writer
Far from the Madding Crowd Tess of the D'Urbervilles
Jude the Obscure
Novels of character and environment
In 1872 74 95 91

托马斯哈代简介

托马斯哈代简介

主要作品:
《德伯家的苔丝》
创作于1891年,描写贫穷的农家女子苔丝一生的 遭遇。她渴望凭自己的劳动过日子,但是在当时 的社会中却接二连三地受到沉重珠打击。
苔丝还非常年轻的时候,就因为家庭贫困,不得 不上德伯家去当女工,遭到资产阶级纨绔子弟亚 雷·德伯的污辱,怀了身孕,成为一个“失了身的 女子。她忍受周围人们歧视和道德偏见的压力, 孩子病死后,她在一家牛奶场工作,认识了一个 牧师的儿子,青年大学生安玑·克莱,不久便和他 相爱。苔丝向克莱讲述了自己过去的不幸经历之 后,充满资产阶级的虚伪的伦理偏见的克莱,突 然一反往常的态度,遗弃了苔丝,使她走上更加 悲惨的道路。苔丝转到另一个农场劳动,受到资 本家更残酷的剥削。后来父亲死去,一家人沦 落街头,纨绔子弟亚雷又来纠缠她,她不得已而 又迁就了他。克莱的突然归来使苔丝受刺激太深 终于酿成了她杀死亚雷的悲剧。她成了一个杀人 犯,被法庭判处死刑。
2021/4/8
6
《无名的裘德》
创作于1895年,写青年石匠裘德一生的遭遇。他 自幼无信朊靠,凭自修学会了拉丁文、希腊文, 获得了不少知识。他一心希望入大学,将来做一 个教师,但资本主义社会的高等学府蔑视这个出 身低微的青年,把他排斥在门外,他的求学计划 失败了。他和表妹的爱情触犯了资本主义社会的 宗教和道德教条,在社会舆论的压力下,爱人离 去,孩子惨死,他自己也在孤独中死去。资产阶 级社会的道德、法律、宗教以至教育制度就这样 一步步地把这青年石匠逼上了死路。裘德一生个 人奋斗,最后还是默默无闻,没有实现他成名的 愿望。作者通过裘德的遭遇,谴责了资本主义社 会的教育制度和婚姻关系的不合理。
托马斯·哈代 Thomas Hardy
a.人物简介
b.主要作品
托马斯·哈代,英国作家。他生于农村没落 贵族家庭。16岁开始做建筑学徒,后为 建筑师助理,司教堂修复。25岁写诗, 他把自己的诗看得比小说更重要,他的诗 作很多,其中一小部分表达了高度提炼和 深刻的个人感情,这可能是他最优秀的文 学成就。1866年开始小说创作,第一部 小说《穷人与贵妇》未出版。随后创作了 一部以爱情、阴谋、凶杀、侦破为内容的 情节小说《计出无奈》,出版后受到肯定 性评价。 1874年与爱玛·拉文纳结婚。在 爱玛的鼓励下,连续创作了《绿林荫下》 、《一双湛蓝的秋波》、《远离尘嚣》。 《远离尘嚣》一书以清新自然的风格和鲜 明生动的人物形象获得极大成功,他从此 放弃建筑行业,走上专业创作道路。

托马斯·哈代

托马斯·哈代

哈代的小说大都以他的家乡——英国西南 部的多塞特郡为背景,表现十九世纪中后 期在北方工业资本主义的侵袭下,这块英 国宗法制乡村的最后绿洲逐渐沦陷的历史 遭遇。多塞特古称“威塞克斯”,故哈代 将这些小说命名为“威塞克斯小说”,其 中的《卡斯特桥市长》(1886)、《德伯家 的苔丝》(1891)、《无名的裘德》(1895) 等无疑代表了哈代小说创作的最高成就。
哈代小说的主题

哈代小说的基本主题是宗法制的乡村 生活和工业化的城市文明的对立,在 这主题下展开了一些相关的子命题: 传统与现代的差异,自然与文明的冲 突,女性与男性的矛盾,心灵与理智 的碰撞,……虽然他的思想并非完全 一致,但其总体的倾向是贬斥后者而 心仪前者。
哈代的悲观主义

哈代思想深受古希腊悲剧作家埃斯库罗斯 和德国非理性主义哲学家叔本华的影响, 具有浓厚的命运观念和悲观主义情绪,这 使得哈代同十九世纪英国主流社会和伦敦 文学圈子始终格格不入。他小说的人物或 是受一种难以抑止的本能的驱使,或是因 某种无法逆料的偶然的捉弄,往往陷入可 怕的悲剧结局。
“威塞克斯小说”的组成

罗曼史和幻想故事

机敏和实验小说
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
性格和环境小说
“荷兰派的乡村写生画”: 《绿荫下》
一般认为,《绿荫下》 是哈代威塞克斯小说的 第一部作品。小说表现 了传统农民恬静愉悦、 风俗淳美、人情纯美的 日常生活,把宗法社会 理想化,充满了牧歌情 调和田园色彩。作品具 有浓厚的乐观明朗基调。
“Critics can never be made to understand that that the failure may be greater than the success... To have the strength to roll a stone weighting a hundredweight to the top of a mountain is a success, and to have the strength to roll a stone of then hundredweight only halfway up that mount is a failure. But the latter is two or three times as strong a deed.” Thomas Hardy

外国文学史第六章哈代

外国文学史第六章哈代

(三)苔丝形象: 苔丝形象 苔丝是兼有传统、现代两种价值特 征的女性,双重性内涵,体现哈代 本人的价值取向的双重性标准,在 传统与现代之间的内心冲突、困惑 与整合二者的理想追求。 第一、现代性, 第一、现代性,苔丝坚持以个人意 志、自然天性对抗宗法习俗、宗教 教条、维多利亚时期的性爱道德, 赋予苔丝以鲜明的个性 第二,传统性: 第二,传统性:在传统价值观念意 义上,哈代赋予苔丝众多美质、美 德。 第三, 第三,在传统与现代之间的理想整 合与现实困惑、痛苦。 合与现实困惑、痛苦。苔丝是哈代 的纯洁爱情理念与生命激情的结合 体。一方面追求传统的灵肉二元对 立道德观念基础上的纯洁爱情,另 一方面又不自觉地陷入自然激情的 诱惑。在小说结尾处,苔丝难逃现 实中的悲剧,克莱与丽莎·露的结合 却实现了苔丝的爱情理想,这既是 哈代的现实的清醒认识,又是他在 清醒的痛苦中对美好理想的殷殷召 唤。
2、命运悲剧:哈代对威塞克斯地区文化心理的准确把握,使 、命运悲剧:哈代对威塞克斯地区文化心理的准确把握, 得小说更富有地域文化特色。乡村人物自己对命运的认识; 得小说更富有地域文化特色。乡村人物自己对命运的认识;偶 然巧合因素;预兆;家族传说, 然巧合因素;预兆;家族传说,宿命色彩 3、生命悲剧意识:哈代试图对人物悲剧做哲学意义上的阐释, 、生命悲剧意识:哈代试图对人物悲剧做哲学意义上的阐释, 由生命本体导致的悲剧,使小说具有生命悲剧意识。哈代: 由生命本体导致的悲剧,使小说具有生命悲剧意识。哈代: 人的正常本能和欲望最终不可避免地导致悲惨结局” “人的正常本能和欲望最终不可避免地导致悲惨结局”。一方 面他的小说人物具有强烈的个人意志,另一方面这种个人意志 面他的小说人物具有强烈的个人意志, 又迫使他们自身走向悲剧。 又迫使他们自身走向悲剧。1886年,哈代阅读叔本华哲学著作, 年 哈代阅读叔本华哲学著作, 并留下40多条读书笔记 他的感悟与叔本华不谋而合, 多条读书笔记, 并留下 多条读书笔记,他的感悟与叔本华不谋而合,受其影 在苔丝和裘德中,生命悲剧意识大大加强。 响,在苔丝和裘德中,生命悲剧意识大大加强。哈代与叔本华 不同的是,他一方面对生命的现世存在悲观无望, 不同的是,他一方面对生命的现世存在悲观无望,另一方面又 在愿望成空、理想破灭后不屈不挠的执着与自己的弥合传统与 在愿望成空、 现代裂隙的信仰召唤、审美召唤。 现代裂隙的信仰召唤、审美召唤。

外国文学欣赏_悲戚而刚毅的艺术家托马斯·哈代

外国文学欣赏_悲戚而刚毅的艺术家托马斯·哈代

3. 哈代的理想社会是农村宗法制田园社会。 他看到农村宗法家长经济必定衰亡的趋势, 描写它的灭亡过程。
三、诗人的哈代
插曲的尾声
我们再也不会沉浸在 这段酸甜的过去的时光里; 爱情的光圈那时罩在 你,亲爱的,和我中间。 再也找不到当初 让我们紧紧相依的地方 当时看见我们相爱 相聚的地方已经空空荡荡 那些花朵和芬芳的空气, 他们此时会不会想起我们的来临? 那些夜鸟会不会尖声鸣叫 发现我们曾经在这里流连?
她的父亲约翰· 德北刚才听本村 的牧师说,德皮菲尔德其实是古老骑 士名门德伯维尔的直系子孙。穷极潦 倒的约翰听后信以为真喜出望外,赶 紧把这喜讯告诉了老婆乔安娜。乔安 娜想起了在德兰特山那边,住着一位 姓德伯的有钱的老太太。于是他们决 定让苔丝去认这门本家。苔丝为了想 帮助家里度过苦日子,勉强答应了, 但心里很忧郁。
小说体系
性格和环境小说
《绿荫下》《远离尘嚣》《还 乡》《卡斯特桥市长》《林地 居民》《德伯家德苔丝》《无 名的裘德》
威塞克斯小说
机敏和经验小说
《计出无奈》《一个冷淡的女 人》《晚餐及其他故事》
一、复活了威塞克斯的哈代
哈代小说都是乡村题材,故 事发生在他的家乡,但是他 从来没有用过他家乡的真名 “多塞特”(Dorchester) 来称呼他所描写的乡村,而 是统一用“威塞克斯” (Wessex)这个古老的名 称。1874年,哈代在《远离 尘嚣》中第一次再现了威塞 克斯。他复活了一个被人遗 忘了的古老王国。
《德伯家的苔丝》讲的就是农民阶级毁灭后 的威塞克斯破产农民在新环境中的命运。 旧的还在约束着她们的行动,新的观念也 已经蠢蠢欲动,正是这种新旧交替的过渡 时期,使苔丝的形象也显得模糊而多义。
基本情节
故事发生在英格兰南部的德瑟特。傍 晚,暮色笼罩着辽阔的田野,一群少女穿 着白色的连衣裙,戴着白花编成的花冠, 踏 着明快的乡村舞节奏,在草坪上跳舞。 她们中间有个姑娘叫苔丝,生得秀丽、端 庄,周围没一个姑娘比得上她。然而,就 从这一天起,厄运一直追随着她。

托马斯哈代小说作品之三农主题透视与启示

托马斯哈代小说作品之三农主题透视与启示

托马斯哈代小说作品之三农主题透视与启示托马斯·哈代(Thomas Hardy)是19世纪末至20世纪初英国最重要的作家之一,以其对乡村生活的描绘而闻名。

他的小说作品中,农村题材始终占据重要位置,展现了农民的生活态度、社会地位和精神境界。

本文将通过分析哈代的三部农村主题小说,探索其对农民生活的透视与启示。

首先,哈代的小说《以自济》(Tess of the d'Urbervilles)以农村社会为背景,以女主人公苔丝·德·德伯维尔为象征,揭示了农民受到社会偏见和道德束缚的困境。

苔丝生活在19世纪末英国南部的一个农民家庭,她作为一个纯洁无瑕的农村女孩,却因命运的捉弄而遭受了不公平的对待。

她先后受到了贵族的侵犯和社会的嘲讽,最终被社会所迫,走上了自毁的道路。

哈代通过苔丝的遭遇,呈现了农民在封建社会中的无助和社会地位的脆弱性,同时也对社会的道德标准提出了质疑。

其次,哈代的小说《远离尘嚣》(Far from the Madding Crowd)以乡村经济为背景,通过男主人公巴斯兰·特罗伍德的经历,揭示了农业现代化对农村生活的影响。

巴斯兰是一个年轻有为的农场主,他在经营农场的过程中面临着现代科技对农业的冲击和大规模农业经营的竞争。

哈代通过描写巴斯兰在农田耕作、农业市场竞争和社会生活中的冲突,反映了农村社会面临的困境和农民保护利益的重要性。

同时,他还通过描写巴斯兰与亲近自然的牧羊女以及土地的关系,强调了人与自然和谐共生的重要性。

最后,哈代的小说《守我孤坟》(The Mayor of Casterbridge)以农村劳动为背景,通过男主人公迈克尔·亨奇的命运,表达了对农民劳动力的赞美和对传统价值观的审视。

迈克尔·亨奇是一个强悍而努力的农民,他在经营一个小酒馆的过程中,经历了商业失败和家庭破裂。

哈代通过描写迈克尔的辛勤劳动和对家庭的责任感,赞美了农民劳动的重要性和对土地的依恋。

thomas hardy

thomas hardy

Features of Hardy’s works
哈代一生共创作15部长篇小说,4个短篇小说集,8卷诗集和两部 诗剧。他的作品虽不像狄更斯那样诙谐幽默,但却含蓄隽永,令人回味。其作 品在散发着浓浓的乡土人情味的同时,又闪烁着启迪人的智慧与悟性的光辉。 哈代以一位冷峻、严肃的现实主义作家的责任感,在其作品中倾注了对宗教、 伦理、人生、社会、爱情、婚姻等诸多问题的思考。
Angel Clare - The son of a clergyman, Tess’ husband. Finally,he comes back to renew the love with Tess.
Alec D'Urberville - He seduces Tess and causes her many sorrows. He is killed by Tess in the end.
Tess of the d'Urbervilles: A Pure Woman (1891)
Major characters
Tess Durbeyfield - The protagonist, an innocent and pretty country girl. She was arrested and hanged.
Tess of the D'Urbervilles (1891) Jude the Obscure(1895) The Mayor of Casterbridge (1901)
托马斯哈代的作品列表及特点
作品目录列表 一双蓝眼睛 A Pair of Blue Eyes 德伯家的苔丝 Tess of the d'Urbervilles 无名的裘德 Jude the Obscure 还乡 卡斯特桥市长 三怪客 儿子的否定权 一个富有想像力的女人 彼特利克夫人 呼唤声

ThomasHardy托马斯哈代生平简介

ThomasHardy托马斯哈代生平简介

the idea of fate and the critical realistic thoughts in his works
Thomas Hardy has the belief that man’s fate is predetermined tragic, driven by a combined force of “nature” , both inside and outside. In Hardy’s works , there is also bitter and sharp criticism of the hypocritical and unfair Victorian institutions, conventions and moral values which strangle the individual will and destroy natural human emotions and relationships.
Thomas Hardy first used the term "Wessex" in his 1874 novel, Far From the Madding Crowd. It was in the chapters of "Far From the Madding Crowd" … that I first ventured to adopt the word "Wessex" from the pages of early English history, and give it a fictitious significance as the existing name of the district once included in that extinct kingdom. The series of novels I projected being mainly of the kind called local, they seemed to require a territorial definition of some sort to lend unity to their scene. --- from Hardy's Preface to the novel 1895-1902

无名的裘德

无名的裘德

主要内容
《无名的裘德》讲述了主人公社 会下层人士裘德为理想而奋斗, 最终却悲剧的一生。小说的主人 公裘德和苏都是普通人,他们没 有金钱、地位,但又非罪大恶极 之辈,他们是千千万万个普通人 中的一员。裘德和苏为了理想和 命运抗争所造成的两种悲剧结果 ——死亡和屈服,都在不同程度 上反映了当时与他们所处相同阶 层的人的无声呐喊,具有悲剧人 物所应有的代表性。
只讲究爱情的享受,没有爱的能力,她的 爱如同她的生命一样无力,造成灵与肉 严重失衡。有欲望,但她认为克己自制才 是高尚,试图与男人保持精神恋爱。 淑的精神的沉郁直接诱发了三个孩子死 的惨剧
一个失败的母亲
人物分析
时光老人:在他的母亲阿拉贝拉离开他父亲八个月以后
出生。在澳洲与外祖父母住,与父亲裘德与继母苏生活,杀 死弟弟妹妹并自杀。
3
作 品
他的第一部长篇小说《计出无奈》问 世于1871年。成名作是他的第四部小 说《远离尘嚣》(1874)。 小说:《无名的裘德》、《德伯家的 苔丝》、《还乡》,《卡斯特桥市长》
作 品
1896年,他发表了他的最后一部小 说《无名的裘德》(Jude the Obscure),以后即转向写诗,整个 晚年他都用来写诗。 诗集:《韦塞克斯诗集》、《今昔 诗集》、《时光的笑柄》、《早期 与晚期抒情诗》、诗剧《列王》
谢 谢 !
12中教4班
讲 课: 马艳蓉 找资料: 马艳蓉、何洁琼、 洪瑞洁、汪娜、李明洁 ppt制作:何洁琼、李明洁
心理和性格不能健康发展的孩子
父母婚姻的残缺,与父亲及前后 两位母亲都没能建立一种能保证 他心理和性格健康发展的安全的 依恋关系
世界上仿佛没有任何东西能引起他的兴趣
对周围世界漠然的孩子
缺乏安全感的孩子
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
• See articles from CNKI.
• To express his “twilight view of life,” he employs the architectural structure by accumulating each circumstance, each detail to strengthen the final effect—Fate (sinister, inexorable((不可阻挡的)) Fate, the tragic doom).
• Practiced architecture Living most of his life in Dorchester (southwest England)---Wessex of his novel he was very close to the English peasantry。 He was one of the important critical realistic writers, in his novels shows sympathy for the peasants in an age of decline and decay of peasantry, and at the same time shows his nostalgia for the pastoral and patriarchal mode of life.
• Tess Durbeyfield, Alec D’Urbervilles (doubtful right to it), Ange writer quotes Gloster’s speech to King Lear:
• ‘As flies to wanton(恶意) boys are we to the gods:
• Having lived most of his life among peasants, Hardy had a good knowledge of the rich condition and folkways (customs) as well as peasant’s feelings. So his descriptions of old cultural tradition are very fascinating. At times the descriptions are tinged with superstition.
• Fatalism and pessimism dominate his novels.
• He doesn’t know the real causes of their miseries, but ascribes them to the hostile, cruel, mysterious fate instead of capitalist system. So a pessimistic vein runs throughout his novels.
• The subject (according to Hardy) is the fate of a pure woman (also a symbol of the disintegration of English peasantry) (value of social document).
They kill us for their sport.
“Justice” was done, and the President of the immortals had ended his sport with Tess.’
• His description of nature is impressive.
• Nature in his novels is personified and symbolic; it plays a role as a character in the development of the plot.
• By this design he shows that human beings are only playthings/puppets of Destiny, they struggle purposelessly, helplessly form one link to another of the chain of destiny, only to be trapped by the final doom in the end. So there is a naturalistic tendency in his works. Such a notion (conception) gives his novel a high seriousness: it was as if a scene of Greek tragedy were being played out among his Wessex rustics乡下人.
相关文档
最新文档