非谓语动词(动名词、动词不定式)总结及练习(附答案)

非谓语动词(动名词、动词不定式)总结及练习

非谓语动词在句子中充当除了谓语

．．．．以外其它成份的动词形式，不受人称和数的限制。在英语中，非谓语动词主要有动名词和动词不定式两种形式。

第一部分动名词

1.0动名词是在动词后面+ ing (doing)的形式，把动词变成名词来使用。比如：

live → living, see → seeing, go → going，凡此种种。

2.0 动名词在句子中的成份

2.1 动名词做主语

e.g. Seeing is believing. seeing为动名词，在句子中做主语

Learning Japanese is hard. 为动名词，在句子中做主语

2.2 动名词作宾语, 此时多与一些固定的谓语动词作搭配, 见附表

e.g. I like reading.

He enjoyed living in France.

2.3 动名词作介词的宾语，常常与类似如下短语的介词连用，如：dream of, keep away

from, be good at, be interested in …

e.g. He is interested in drawing. 动名词drawing作in的宾语

Please keep away from lying. 动名词lying作from的宾语

2.4 动名词作表语

e.g. Seeing is believing. 动名词believing作表语

My hobby is skating. 动名词skating作表语

2.5 动名词作定语, 对修饰的名词形成一种定义

e.g. a dining room, a swimming pool, a waiting room…

2.6 动名词作状语，逻辑主语须与主句主语报纸一致

e.g. Hearing the good news, she couldn’t helping laughing. (时间状语)

Having received the letter, I decided to write back. (时间状语)

Having been to the Great Wall for many times, he didn’t go last week. (原因状语)

Working hard, you will succeed.(条件状语)

Though working hard from day to day, he didn’t get rich. (让步状语)

2.7 动名词作宾语补足语，常与感官等动词连用

e.g. I saw him leaving

Please keep him working.

第二部分动词不定式

1.0 动词不定式也是一种非谓语动词形式，其结构为“to＋动词原形”，其中to不是介词

而是动词不定式的符号，动词不定式没有人称和数的变化。动词不定式和其后面的名词等构成不定式短语，在句子中可以用作主语、表语、宾语、补足语、定语、状语等。

2.0 动词不定式作主语

e.g. To get there by car will take a whole day.

How to make enough money is still a question.

To be a doctor is hard.

To learn English well is not easy.

2.1 动词不定式作主语时，为了避免句子的头重脚轻，通常用“it”作形式主语，而把真

正的主语－动词不定式短语放在句子的后面

e.g. It is hard to be a doctor.

It is not easy to learn English well.

It’s important to plant trees in spring.

2.2 如果表示动词不定式的动作执行者，可以在不定式前面加一个由介词for引导的短

语，称为不定式的复合结构

e.g. It’s good for us to read English aloud in the morning.

It is important for students to use English every day.

My ambition is to work for firm that develops computer software when I grow up.

3.0 动词不定式作表语, 动词不定式（短语）作表语常用于be动词的后面

e.g. His work is to drive a car.

My job is to feed animals.

Her ambition is to be a doctor.

He hopes to become a teacher.

4.0 动词不定式作宾语, 动词不定式（短语）可以放在一些动词后面用作宾语，连接不

定式的动词有：begin, start, want, forget, remember, show, learn, like, hate, love, ask等e.g. I want to tell you a story.

They begin to work at eight every morning.

Don’t forget to lock the door.

Would you like to go and have a picnic with us tomorrow.

4.1 如果and连接两个动词不定式，第二个动词不定式一般省“to”

e.g. He wants to go and have a swim with us.

Let him try and try.

4.2 若作宾语的动词不定式（短语）很长，可用it作形式宾语。

e.g. I find it interesting to learn English with you.

He found it hard to catch up with others.

The teacher advised him to try another way

4.0 作宾语补足语

e.g. The teacher asked us to read English for half an hour in the morning.

The teacher often tells Jim not to spend too much time playing computer games.

Please let me help you.

动词不定式作宾语补足语，表示宾语所做的动作，可以用动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：tell, ask, want, like, invite, encourage, help等。但在let, make, see, watch,