神经系统(英文版)课件

The 31 pairs of spinal nerves emerge from the spinal cord.
8 pairs of cervical nerves, 12 pairs of thoracic nerves, 5 pairs of lumbar nerves, 5 pairs of sacral nerves and 1 pair of coccygeal nerves.
types of neurons(3)： functional types of neurons: classified by direction of nerve impulse flow as sensory(receptor) neurons, motor(effector) neurons, and associationintern neurons(internneur ons)
the nervous tissue is made up of two classes of cells, the neurons and neurologia.
神经元
1.构造structure of neurons：
胞体cell body
轴突axon 树突dendrites (Fig1:
A large pyramidal neuron from the hippocamal cortex of the rat, showing the central soma and radiating branched dendrites)
amino acids(excitatory: glutamic acid; inhibitory: gamma-aminobutyric acid)
peptidergic
3. 神经纤维 nerve
fibers
Nervous system
神经系统
总论 Introduction to Nervous System
The nervous system consists of the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and the peripheral nervous system (cranial and spinal nerves). The nervous system responds to the environment and internal conditions and stimulates the appropriate response. It also controls and coordinates the functions of the various systems.
Nissl bodies尼氏体
神经元纤 维 neurofibril
Nissl body Neurofibrils
树突棘 dendrite spine contacted by different types of synaptic terminals
types of neurons(1)： morphologic types of neurons: classed by the configuration of their processes as unipolar, bipolar,or multipolar
The 12 pairs of cranial nerves (CN) arise from the brain
• CN I, olfactory nerve. • CN II, optic nerve, • CN III, oculomotor nerve; • CN IV, trochlear nerve; • CN V trigeminal nerve: • CN VI, abducent (abducens)
内脏神经 aBiblioteka Baidutonomic nervous system 分布于心肌、平滑肌和 腺体，不受主观意识控 制，又称自主神经或植 物神经。又分为交感神 经sympathetic nerve 和付交感神经
parasympathetic
nerve
fundamental tissue of the nervous system:
types of neurons(2)： morphologic types of neurons: classified by axon length as Golgi type I neurons with long axons, Golgi type II with short axons, and Amacrine neurons with no axons
神经元分类types of neurons(4)：chemical types of neurons: classified by the nature of released neurotransmitter as
cholinergic, monoaminergic:
catecholaminergic(adrenergic, noradrenergic, dopaminergic; serotonergic)
nerve; • CN VII,facial nerve; • CN VIII. vestibulocochlear nerve: • CN IX, glossopharyngeal nerve, • CN X vagus nerve; • CN XI,accessory nerve; • CN XII, hypoglossal nerve.
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 中枢神经系统 脑 brain 脊髓 spinal cord
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 周围神经系统 脑神经 cranial nerves 脊神经 spinal nerves 内脏神经 autonomic nervous system