中英文化与翻译的差异 PPT
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英汉翻译 中英文化对比与翻译PPT课件
2. What is culture?
“ The totality of beliefs and practices of a society.”( 某 一 社 会 信 仰 和 行 为 的 总 和 ) ――Nida(奈达, 1993: 105)
( Most anthropologists define culture as the set of learned behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, values, and ideals that are characteristic of a particular society or population. (某一社会或群体习得并特有的 行为、信仰、态度、价值观和理想。)—Carol Ember and Melvin Ember, (1999:173)
只要人们能呼吸,眼睛能看东西,
此诗就会不朽,使你永久生存下去。
解释:英国的夏天:英国属海洋性温带阔叶林气候。
一般来说,夏天(7、8、9月份)是旅游英国最好的日子。
夏季日间长,活动时间多,而且温度适中,七月份的平温
气温只有17度,早晚常要加件线衣才行。
()
“ sudden as April shower” “骤如四月阵 雨,突如其来” (p39)
William Shakespeare Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate.
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimmed: But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest; Nor shall death brag thou wanderest in his shade When in eternal lines to time thou growest. So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
“ The totality of beliefs and practices of a society.”( 某 一 社 会 信 仰 和 行 为 的 总 和 ) ――Nida(奈达, 1993: 105)
( Most anthropologists define culture as the set of learned behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, values, and ideals that are characteristic of a particular society or population. (某一社会或群体习得并特有的 行为、信仰、态度、价值观和理想。)—Carol Ember and Melvin Ember, (1999:173)
只要人们能呼吸,眼睛能看东西,
此诗就会不朽,使你永久生存下去。
解释:英国的夏天:英国属海洋性温带阔叶林气候。
一般来说,夏天(7、8、9月份)是旅游英国最好的日子。
夏季日间长,活动时间多,而且温度适中,七月份的平温
气温只有17度,早晚常要加件线衣才行。
()
“ sudden as April shower” “骤如四月阵 雨,突如其来” (p39)
William Shakespeare Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate.
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And often is his gold complexion dimmed; And every fair from fair sometime declines, By chance, or nature’s changing course, untrimmed: But thy eternal summer shall not fade, Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest; Nor shall death brag thou wanderest in his shade When in eternal lines to time thou growest. So long as men can breathe or eyes can see, So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.
中英文化与翻译的差异ppt课件
“An Englishman’s home is his castle”(英国人的家是独立 王国)
受个人本位价值观念的影响,英美人士十分重视个人的隐私, 故年龄、收入、宗教信仰以及私人住宅等均列入个人隐私范 围:
“ Don’t put your finger in the pie”(不要多管闲事)。
❖ 2.此外,英语中有些带red的短语在汉语中有 引申意义,负债 be in the red, ❖ 重要的日子 red-letter day,繁文缛节 red
tape, ❖ 当场发现某人正做坏事 catch sb. red-handed。
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green
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❖ 欢迎,欢迎。(幸会。/ 久仰。)Glad to meet you. / I’m pleased to see you. / It’s such a pleasure to see you.
❖ 再会。(请留步。/ 走好。/ 慢走。/ 保重。/ 有空来玩儿。) Good-bye. / Take care. / See you. / Do come again.
❖ In American political elections the candidates that win are usually the ones who have green power backing them. 在美国政治竞选中获胜 的候选人通常都是些有财团支持的人物。
精选编辑ppt
翻译者必须是一个真正 意义的文化人。
方式等。
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2.文化背景的差异
中国以农立国,因此农谚居多。
❖ 骨瘦如柴 ❖ 对牛弹琴
❖ be as lean as a rake (n.耙 子,耙状物 )
受个人本位价值观念的影响,英美人士十分重视个人的隐私, 故年龄、收入、宗教信仰以及私人住宅等均列入个人隐私范 围:
“ Don’t put your finger in the pie”(不要多管闲事)。
❖ 2.此外,英语中有些带red的短语在汉语中有 引申意义,负债 be in the red, ❖ 重要的日子 red-letter day,繁文缛节 red
tape, ❖ 当场发现某人正做坏事 catch sb. red-handed。
精选编辑ppt
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green
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❖ 欢迎,欢迎。(幸会。/ 久仰。)Glad to meet you. / I’m pleased to see you. / It’s such a pleasure to see you.
❖ 再会。(请留步。/ 走好。/ 慢走。/ 保重。/ 有空来玩儿。) Good-bye. / Take care. / See you. / Do come again.
❖ In American political elections the candidates that win are usually the ones who have green power backing them. 在美国政治竞选中获胜 的候选人通常都是些有财团支持的人物。
精选编辑ppt
翻译者必须是一个真正 意义的文化人。
方式等。
精选编辑ppt
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2.文化背景的差异
中国以农立国,因此农谚居多。
❖ 骨瘦如柴 ❖ 对牛弹琴
❖ be as lean as a rake (n.耙 子,耙状物 )
汉英对比与翻译之文化与翻译精品PPT课件
( 翻译是指从语义到文体在译语中用最切近而 又最自然的对等语再现原文的信息。)
—Eugene A. Nida To translate is to change into another language,
retainincan. —Samuel Johnson
DEFINITIONS OF TRANSLATION
Translating is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flavor. —Columbia Encyclopedia
get a visit from the stork. 1. 克林去上海了,不在这里。 2. 我只在做汤时加味精。 3. 汤姆向你表示问候。 4. 那家银行24小时营业。 5. 因为妻子即将生孩子,他感到非常高兴。
BASIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CHINESE AND ENGLISH
Translation is the production of a functional target text maintaining a relationship with a given source text that is specified according to the intended or demanded function of the target text. —Christiane Nord
――沈苏儒
DEFINITIONS OF TRANSLATION
翻译是两个语言社会之间的交际过程和交际工 具,它的目的是要促进本语言社会的政治、经 济和文化进步,它的任务是要把原作中包含的 现实世界的逻辑映像或艺术映像,完好无损地 从一种语言译注到另一种语言中去。 ――张今
—Eugene A. Nida To translate is to change into another language,
retainincan. —Samuel Johnson
DEFINITIONS OF TRANSLATION
Translating is the art of recomposing a work in another language without losing its original flavor. —Columbia Encyclopedia
get a visit from the stork. 1. 克林去上海了,不在这里。 2. 我只在做汤时加味精。 3. 汤姆向你表示问候。 4. 那家银行24小时营业。 5. 因为妻子即将生孩子,他感到非常高兴。
BASIC DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CHINESE AND ENGLISH
Translation is the production of a functional target text maintaining a relationship with a given source text that is specified according to the intended or demanded function of the target text. —Christiane Nord
――沈苏儒
DEFINITIONS OF TRANSLATION
翻译是两个语言社会之间的交际过程和交际工 具,它的目的是要促进本语言社会的政治、经 济和文化进步,它的任务是要把原作中包含的 现实世界的逻辑映像或艺术映像,完好无损地 从一种语言译注到另一种语言中去。 ――张今
汉英语言文化对比资料精选课件PPT
• (2)英语中代词、介词、连词的使用频率比汉语高。
• (3)英语数词的使用不如汉语多,因为汉语的成语及 缩略语依靠数词(词素)构成。
• (4)汉语的量词同英语的冠词一样,附属于各自的名 词,使用频率也同名词.
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补充练习
• 给出下列词语相应的英文
• 1、贵贱 • 2、买卖 • 3、宽窄 • 4、深浅 • 5、开关 • 6、肥瘦 • 7、咸淡 • 8、呼吸 • 9、厚薄 • 10、回去
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开关 Switch/valve
• 波段开关 • band switch; waver
• 吊灯和壁灯可单独开关 • Ceiling and wall lights can operate
independently
• 通断开关 • on-off switch
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肥瘦 Size/fatness
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深浅 Depth/sense of propriety
• 测深浅 • measure the depth of
• 颜色漆太深(浅) • paint a color a bit too dark (light)
• 颜色深浅不同 • of different shades
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• 兜了一号买卖 • have canvassed a business order
• 买卖公平
• be fair in buying and selling; buy and sell at reasonable prices
• 买卖房屋的任何一方不得轰撵住户搬家。
• Both parties to a housing-contract are forbidden to evict the current occupant of the house.
中西方语言文化差异英文PPT
In Chinese culture, praises and compliments have a wider range. It is the same with the American culture that for abilities and achievements, also other serious praise, only those people with the talent evaluation(称赞) ability can praise others. Older can praise young man, but this is only an encouragement, not really compliments on their abilities and achievements. Meanwhile, the younger can praise the older and the lower can praise the superior(地位高的), but this is just a compliment, and this is flattering(谄媚 的) more to those complimented. Therefore, in our daily life, we have a lot of praises for other people's abilities and achievements but they have different meanings on different occasions(场合), not only serious praises, but also a compliment to make the relationship closer.
英汉语言文化对比及翻译方法技巧(课堂PPT)
汉语句子的基本结构形式是话题-说明。造句侧重 点是语义上的连贯,用语义关系控制句子的结构。 因此,汉语句子的内部成分常常一一罗列,呈现 并排式结构,外形上无主从之分,层面之间没有 明显逻辑标记,呈“流散型”。
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3. 英汉句法对比
Now the integrated circuit has reduced by many times the size of the computer of which it forms a part, thus creating a new generation of portable minicomputers.
我们于1959年离开中国。此后,中国连续 三年遭受到自然灾害。当我们在国内读到 这方面的消息时,心情颇为低沉。
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3. 英汉句法对比
I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your government, it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly.
黄怀仁、朱枚若译本:
Red Butler Scarletto’ Hara 哈拉
Ashley Wilkes
Melanie Hamilton
雷特·巴特勒 斯卡利特·奥
阿什礼·威尔克斯 梅拉尼·汉密尔顿
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All roads lead to Rome. 异化:条条大路通罗马。 归化:殊途同归。
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“My dear Mr. Bennet,” replied his wife, “…”.
异化:他们向安理会提出这一控 诉是以此为红鲱鱼来掩饰其罪行。
归化:他们向安理会提出这一控 诉是为了混淆视听,掩饰罪行。
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3. 英汉句法对比
Now the integrated circuit has reduced by many times the size of the computer of which it forms a part, thus creating a new generation of portable minicomputers.
我们于1959年离开中国。此后,中国连续 三年遭受到自然灾害。当我们在国内读到 这方面的消息时,心情颇为低沉。
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3. 英汉句法对比
I was all the more delighted when, as a result of the initiative of your government, it proved possible to reinstate the visit so quickly.
黄怀仁、朱枚若译本:
Red Butler Scarletto’ Hara 哈拉
Ashley Wilkes
Melanie Hamilton
雷特·巴特勒 斯卡利特·奥
阿什礼·威尔克斯 梅拉尼·汉密尔顿
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All roads lead to Rome. 异化:条条大路通罗马。 归化:殊途同归。
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“My dear Mr. Bennet,” replied his wife, “…”.
异化:他们向安理会提出这一控 诉是以此为红鲱鱼来掩饰其罪行。
归化:他们向安理会提出这一控 诉是为了混淆视听,掩饰罪行。
英汉对比与翻译 ppt课件
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Negative Transfer (负迁移): Interference (干扰)
Causes:
• analogical use of one’s prior knowledge of the mother tongue 母语先知结构的类推运用
• scanty knowledge of differences between the two languages 对两种语言的差异所知甚少
外语学习中的语言迁移: 干扰还是促进?
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What Is Language Transfer?
Transfer is the influence resulting
from the similarities and differences
between the target language and any
other language that has been previous7)
迁移是由于目标语与已经习得的语言之 间的相似和差异而产生的 影响。
奥德林
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Two Types of Transfer
• Negative Transfer (负迁移)
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精品资料
• 你怎么称呼老师?
• 如果老师最后没有总结一节课的重点的难点,你 是否会认为老师的教学方法需要改进?
• 你所经历的课堂,是讲座式还是讨论式? • 教师的教鞭
• “不怕太阳晒,也不怕那风雨狂,只怕先生骂我 笨,没有学问无颜见爹娘 ……”
• “太阳当空照,花儿对我笑,小鸟说早早早……”
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Examples of Negative Transfer
《英汉文化差异》PPT课件
例如,汉语中的“炕”,“牌楼”,“饺子”,“油 条”,“旗袍”,“长衫”,“中山装”,“唐装”都具有 中国特色,其承载的文化的独特性不能替代,在英译时属词 汇空缺,现在翻译时都可用汉语拼音来译。但其承载的中国 文化很难再现,比如“元宵”音谐“圆宵”有“团圆之夜” 的寓意。再以“粽子”为例,即使西方人吃过粽子,也很难 联想到中国古代伟大诗人屈原投江殉国的历史渊源。
从中国的地理位置来看,地大物博,幅员辽阔,汉语中的“黔驴技 穷”,“人心齐,泰山移”,“不到黄河心不死”,“不到长城非好 汉”,“福如东海,寿比南山”都体现了中国特有的地域色彩。
相比之下,英国是一个岛国,历史上航海业较发达,反映在语言中 就出现了许多与海洋,船和水有关的短语。如:”all at sea”(不知所 措),“burn one’s boats”(破釜沉舟), “sail before the wind”(顺 风航行) “keep one’s head above the water”(奋力图存)等。
汉英语言的文化差异
英语学习是跨语言(cross-linguistic),跨文化 (cross-cultural),跨社会(cross-social)的交际活动。 不仅仅是不同语言之间的转换过程,而且也是反映不 同社会特征的文化转换过程,所以语言可以称为文化 的使者。
What is culture? 根据《辞海》的解释,文化有广义和狭义之分。 “从广义上来说,指人类社会历史实践过程中所创造 的物质财富的总和。从狭义来说,指社会的意识形态, 以及与之相适应的制度和组织机构。文化是一种历史 现象,每个社会都有与其相适应的文化。”从文化的 范围来划分,文化又分为生态文化,语言文化,宗教 文化,物质文化和社会文化。
而海洋型文化的人们航海业,渔业,造船业发达如英国 是岛国,故英语中不乏与海洋事业有关的用法,如, “Hoist your sail when the wind is fair.” “In a calm sea, every man is a pilot.” “A small link will sink a great ship.”
英汉语言对比与翻译(课堂PPT)
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• densely forested and scarcely populated,
• Mt. Tianmu,
is like a fairyland
where heavy fogs envelop halfway up the mountain and clear streams flow along the valleys.
英汉语言对比与翻译
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翻译中英汉语言对比的重要意义
• Jean Delisle, representative of French Interpretative Theory of Translation, says in his Translation: An Interpretive Approach, “In other words, each community has developed habits of expression that, over time, have been integrated into the language and lent it certain characteristics.”1
• “枝杈形结构”:英语采用主从关系的形合法(use of hypotaxis)。英语可以通过连词(如状语从句)、关系词(如定 语从句)和分词、动名词及不定式等构成句子,因此构成方 式是形合的;英语利用关系代词引出包孕句(embedded clause),语法结构采用层次结构,关系紧凑严密。也就是 说,英语的句子结构是在一个主句中,可在不同的地方插 入各种从属结构,层层展开。从属结构包括动词的非限定 形式、介词短语和各种从句。有人把英语句子结构比作树 状的“枝杈形”结构,犹如“参天大树,枝叶横生”。1
• “It is the meaning of a message that is transferred from one language to another, and the transfer is accomplished by analyzing and then reconstructing semantic relationships.”1
• densely forested and scarcely populated,
• Mt. Tianmu,
is like a fairyland
where heavy fogs envelop halfway up the mountain and clear streams flow along the valleys.
英汉语言对比与翻译
1
翻译中英汉语言对比的重要意义
• Jean Delisle, representative of French Interpretative Theory of Translation, says in his Translation: An Interpretive Approach, “In other words, each community has developed habits of expression that, over time, have been integrated into the language and lent it certain characteristics.”1
• “枝杈形结构”:英语采用主从关系的形合法(use of hypotaxis)。英语可以通过连词(如状语从句)、关系词(如定 语从句)和分词、动名词及不定式等构成句子,因此构成方 式是形合的;英语利用关系代词引出包孕句(embedded clause),语法结构采用层次结构,关系紧凑严密。也就是 说,英语的句子结构是在一个主句中,可在不同的地方插 入各种从属结构,层层展开。从属结构包括动词的非限定 形式、介词短语和各种从句。有人把英语句子结构比作树 状的“枝杈形”结构,犹如“参天大树,枝叶横生”。1
• “It is the meaning of a message that is transferred from one language to another, and the transfer is accomplished by analyzing and then reconstructing semantic relationships.”1
中英文化差异英文ppt
Traditional Chinese clothes
Connotation (含蓄)of shape and color
• Express beauty of body ,to present body shape in a realistic way .
a typical English Breakfast
• In Britain, it sends out is “be away from distant point ”. • In China , it looks as one kind of habit action , • also demonstrates one’s high authority and lofty , making people be away from him or her.
Religion
Most of Chinese people ARE Buddhists
… OH Jesus…
British is christian
Posture
• When people sit cross-arms and legs, their hands covered in the mouth or chin.
However, British holds the individualism and is sensitive to privacies. Therefore,, do not refer to something, like age, income, marriage, and family. They prefer to talk about weathers.
The differences between China and Britain
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如,在英美国家,人们喜欢养狗,因此常以 dog来自称或互称,却不含卑劣之意。狗在英 美国家还有着“人之良友”(man‘s best friend)之美称。
Every dog has its day. 人人都有得意日。 Dog does not eat dog. 同类不相残。 You are a lucky dog. 你是个幸运儿。
不见不散啊!Please be there on time. / Till then. / See you. 恭喜发财!Good luck!
9.色彩词语翻译与文化语境
1.在英语和汉语中,红色red有时可以完全对 应,如:
红旗—red flag, 红场—the Read Square, 红十字会—Red Cross, 红葡萄酒—red wine。
然而,英语中另一个颜色词 blue 却常用来表 示汉语中这类意思,如 blue jokes(下流的玩 笑),blue films(黄色电影)
3.英语中的黄色还用来作为事物的特定颜色, 美国有些城市的出租车上标有“yellow” (而不是“taxi”)的字样代表出租车,因为 那里的出租车为黄颜色。
翻译者必须是一个真正 意义的文化人。
方式等。
2.文化背景的差异
中国以农立国,因此农谚居多。
骨瘦如柴 对牛弹琴
be as lean as a rake (n.耙 子,耙状物 )
cast pearls before swine
(swine [swain] n.猪)
众人拾柴火焰高 竹篮打水一场空
1.green在英语中可以表示“嫉妒、眼红”, 如:
green with envy, green-eyed monster 都是指 “十分嫉妒”的意思。
汉语中表示“嫉妒”意义的“眼红”,应该翻 译为 green-eyed 而不能翻译为red-eyed。
2.由于美元纸币是绿颜色的,所以 green 在 美国也指代“钱财、钞票、有经济实力”等 意义,如:
Many hands make light work
Drawing water in a bamboo basket means drawing nothing
2、英国人喜欢航海,因此许多用语源于航海事业。
Hoist your sail when the wind is fair.
Still waters run deep.
价值观念是人们对什么是可取,什么是不可取的指向性考虑和评价。 中国人比较崇尚集体主义collectivism [kə'lektivizəm]价值观,集体主义是中国文化的典
型特征:
“一个篱笆三个桩,一个好汉三个帮”、“众人拾柴火焰高”、“独木不 成林,单丝难成缕”、 “先天下之忧而忧,后天下之乐而乐”
如:Yellow Pages 黄页(电话号码簿,用黄 纸印刷) ;
石沉大海 蠢得象猪 挥金如土 烂醉如泥 瘦得象猴子
to remain a dead goose as stupid as a oyster (n.牡蛎) to spend money like sailor drunk as a lily as thin as a eggs
4、价值观念的差异:
The bread never falls but on its buttered side. 人倒 霉,喝凉水也塞牙。(二者去反映出不同的生活习 惯)
Don’t carry coals to Newcastle. 不要倒贩槟榔到广 东。(二者虽然都表示“勿多此一举”之义,但各 自的背景不同:Newcastle是英国靠近产煤地的一个 煤港,而广东则为中国南方热带省份,盛产槟榔)
She is a green hand in teaching English. 在英语 教学中,他还是个生手。
yellow
1.黄色yellow在英语和汉语中的引申含义差别 比较大。在英语中,yellow可以表示“胆小、 卑怯、卑鄙”的意思,
例如:He is too yellow to stand up and fight. 他太胆怯,不敢奋起战斗。
Talk of the devil, and he is sure to appear. / Speak of angels and you will hear the their wings. 说曹操,曹 操就到。 (前者带有浓厚的西方宗教色彩,而后者 则与历史有关)
Love is blind. 情人眼里出西施。 (前者源于西方神话 中古罗马爱神 Cupid或古希腊爱神Eros,后者带有 明显的汉族历史文化的痕迹)
8、社交礼节的差异:
吃了吗? Hello / Hi (≠Have you eaten yet?或Have you had your lunch?)
上哪儿去啊? (≠Where are you going?) 到哪儿去啦? (≠Where have you been?) 你先请。 After you.(≠You go first please.) .劳驾。/ 借光。/ 请让一让。/ 请问。 Excuse me. 惭愧。(不敢当。/ 哪里。)I’m pleased that you think so.
受个人本位价值观念的影响,英美人士十分重视个人的隐私, 故年龄、收入、宗教信仰以及私人住宅等均列入个人隐私范 围:
“ Don’t put your finger in the pie”(不要多管闲事)。
5、宗教信仰的差异:
中国有佛教、道教等教派,就汉语谚语来说,有不 少是与宗教文化联系在一起的。例如,“佛要金装, 人要衣装”、“放下屠刀,立地成佛”、“平日不 烧香,临时抱佛脚”、“人争一口气,佛争一炉香” 等就与佛教有关;而“一人得道,鸡犬升天”、 “八仙过海,各显神通”等则与道教有关。
5、宗教信仰的差异:
相比较而言,基督教是英美国家的主要宗教信仰, 由此产生了许多独具宗教特色的文化。
Christmas comes but one year. (圣诞节一年才过一次,或 佳节难逢)
Every man must bear his own cross. (人人都得背自己的十 字架, 喻指人人都得肩负生活重担、忍受生活中的苦难)
中英文化与翻译
英汉文化对比
1.何为文化 2.文化背景的差异 3.联想的差异 4.价值观的差异 5.宗教信仰的差异 6.审美习惯差异 7.历史文化差异 8.社交礼节差异 9.颜色理解差异
1.何为文化
文化:
王佐良:
一个国家或民族的历史、
地理、风土人情、传统 习俗、生活方式、文学 艺术、行为规范、思维
Men leap over where the hedge is lowest. 雷公打豆 腐,专拣软的欺。(前者来源于生活,后者却来源 于神话)
Don’t be a dog in the manger. 别占着茅坑不拉屎。 (前者来源于《伊索寓言》故事,后者却是来源于 实际生活)
Two heads are better than one. 三个臭皮匠,顶个 诸葛亮.(前者是从实际生活出发,而后者却是来源 于历史传说)
/ I’m pleased to hear that. / You flatter me. / Thank you for your compliment
欢迎,欢迎。(幸会。/ 久仰。)Glad to meet you. / I’m pleased to see you. / It’s such a pleasure to see you.
I dislike Tom for he is a yellow dog. 我讨厌汤 姆,味、下流猥 亵的意思,如黄色电影、黄色书刊、黄色光 碟等等。这些名称中的“黄”与英语中的 “yellow”无关。
能够表示汉语中这些意思的词汇应该是: vulgar[ˈvʌlgə] (庸俗下流的)、 obscene[əbˈsi:n] (猥亵的)等。
再会。(请留步。/ 走好。/ 慢走。/ 保重。/ 有空来玩儿。) Good-bye. / Take care. / See you. / Do come again.
请笑纳。(别嫌弃。/ 一点儿小意思。)I hope you will like it.
别客气。(别见外。/ 没什么。)Don’t mention it. / It’s a pleasure. / Not at all. / Never mind.
red
2.此外,英语中有些带red的短语在汉语中有 引申意义,如:
大怒 see red, 负债 be in the red, 重要的日子 red-letter day,繁文缛节 red
tape, 当场发现某人正做坏事 catch sb. red-handed。
green
在埃及寺庙的地面是绿色的。在希腊和摩尔人中绿 色代表胜利。对于穆斯林来说绿色是神圣的,在前 往圣地麦加朝圣之后他们手拿绿色的旗帜,头戴绿 色的(穆斯林的)头巾。他们甚至把做祷辞用的小 块地毯也设计成绿色图案。苏格兰高地人以身穿绿 色来代表荣誉。绿色也是爱尔兰的国色。绿色作为 交通信号色则表示通行。在医疗急救设备上往往涂 有绿色。在家庭中使用绿色可有益于消除身心疲惫。
而在中国,狗往往使人联想到令人厌恶的东 西,如
“狗娘养的”,“狗东西”,“狗腿子”, “狗改不了吃屎,“狐朋狗党”、“狗急跳 墙”等。
7、历史文化的差异:
中国是一个具有漫长封建社会历史的国家, 在这悠悠岁月中沉积了许多独具中国特色的 封建时代的文化产物,例如,“大人不计小 人过,宰相肚里能撑船”、“自古衙门八字 开,有理无钱莫进来”等等 英汉谚语中,有些词汇或说法与其历史文化 息息相关。
The cross on his breast and the devil in his clothes. (十字 挂胸前,鬼魅藏心间)