错误分析和对比分析

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究中作为一种研究方法而创建的一个术语。
语言之间的一致性和分歧性，特别 是分歧性。为了说明问题，对比分 析有时也要涉及辞源和语言的某些 历史演变。
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Constrastive analysis is based on the following four assumptions:
1.second language learning二语 学习
the weak version
emphasizes the
only recognizes the
prediction
of
significance
of
difficulties
in
interference across
learning a second
languages and tries
language.(预测)
意义：一套严密的
局限性：学习者的困
方法和程序-深入
难和难点是多元的；
了解语言，应用于
对理论上的批评：心
语言教学，加强针
理学-不能预测的自然
对性-负迁移；一
条件下.语言学-忽视语
种语言的分析方法：
言的创造性，只能表
观察和分析学习语
层的对比；对难度等
言系统的良好起点。
级和偏误预测的批评。
Second method
1.Identifying overt and covert errors(显性和隐性的 误差） 2.Providing interpretations and constructing wellformed sentences in the target language.
3.Providing pairs of ill-formed orInappropriate sentences and reconstructed well-formed sentences inthe target languagefor comparison.
Once
bitten,twice shy. 一朝被蛇咬， 十年怕井绳。
Out of sight,out of mind.眼不见， 心不烦。
Prediction 预测：（i.e. identification of possible areas that cause errors.)
Criticisms of contrastive analysis
Approaches The methods employed in learner
in the learner corpus studies consist of two kinds:
corpus
analysis
1.contrastive interlanguage analysis（中介语对比分析 puterized error analysis（计算机辅助错误分析）
about a language"
A learner corpus is defined as large collection of texts of second language leaner's spoken or written interlanguage.(第二语言 学习者的口语和写作的中 介语的文本大集合。
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Intralingual transfer
Intralingual transfer refers to overgeneralization of rules of the target language. Intralingual transfer occurs when the learner has learned some rules of the target language but has not learned the restrictions of their application. for example: 1.He was good boy. 2.Sun is very hot.
Difference between Chinese and English
As for the same thing, Chinese and English give the different name because of their different fours.
Generally,black
Evaluation of errors: 误差的评价 1.Some people regard errors as a sign of a
learner's failure to master the rules being taught.(一个学习者未能掌握所教的规则的标 志）
2.Some people hold that making errors is a
to explain those
difficulties.(解释)
Procedures of CA
1.description 描述(i.e. a formal description of two languages was made such as distinctive features of each) 2.selection选择(i.e. certain areas or items of the two languages were chosen for detained comparision such as phonology. syntax and lexicon) parision and contrast 对比 (i.e. the identification of areas of two languages.)
Description of errors
three dimensions: 1.by stage of error阶段误差（Presystematic staqe，Systematic stage，Postsystematic stage） 2.by nature of error自然误差（addition， omission，substitution，ordering） 3.by levels of language语言水平
is equivalent to “黑”，and red is to “红”，but
black tea is
what Chinese call “红茶”。
Similarities in Chinese and English
There are some similarities in saytax, looking the sentences:
Error Analysis
错误分析：学习者已具备了一定的目标语知识， 并试图把这种知识运用到新的语言项目上来。 例： They are carnivorous(食肉的） plants, and it's name come from...
Error VS. Mistake
Error:
学习者往往会偏离或违背目标语言系统规则，这种偏离或 违背往往是由于学习者尚不具备正确表达的能力而引起的； 学习者在语言学习过程中所出现的系统性的偏差。
(Student often make errors because of a misleading explanation from the teacher)
2.忽视规则。
3.建立错误的假设
munication strategies
were related to learning styles. (Let us work for the well done of our country.)welfare
Interlingual transfer
Interlingual transfer refers to the interference of the first language, such as the mechanical application of rules, set phrases or items of the L1 to L2 context. It explains many errors made at the beginning stage of L2 learning. 加个例子
1.中介语 对比分析
Contrastive interlanguage analysis is a
term created by Granger as a reaserch
methodology in second language
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acquisition research.
中介语对比分析是由格兰杰在二语习得研
necessary and unavoidable process of leanring in foreign language learning.(是一个在外语学
习中的一个必要的和不可避免的过程。）
third part
Learner Corpus Analysis
学习者语料库分析
What is a learner corpus? 什么是学习者语料库
Analyzing learner language
This unit focuses on three methods:
Contrastive Analysis
Error Analysis
Learner Corpus Analysis
First method
Contrastive Analysis (CA)
2.the main difficulties主要困难 3.constrastive analysis 对比分 析 4.teaching materials教学材料