神经内分泌学--生长轴资料讲解

SS receptor subtypes
The regulation of GH release by GHRH and SS
2). Feedback mechanism
• GHRH regulates GH release by supershort
loop：via stimulates SS rΒιβλιοθήκη Baidulease from CNS to to portal vessles
• SS intermitted inhibit GH release，induce
GH to lowest amplitude
SS:
SS-28, SS-14（2 activity type）
SS receptor: SStr 1-5, SSrt-14, SSrt-28, 7-transmembrane domain, G-protein coupled
3、5-HT
• Stimulate GH release
4、Acetylcholine（Ach）
• stimulation for GH release • By M receptor • Mechanism: inhibites SS release，but do
not stimulates GHRH release
• SS via ultrashort negative feedback to
regulating SS release
• GH ultrashort loop feedback ：
stimulates SS release and reduces GHRH release
Hypothalamus network for GH
5、Gamma-aminobutyric acid（GABA）
• Stimulation for GH release
6、Histamine（His）
• For GH release (inhibition and stimulation)
4). Neuropeptides regulates GH
differentiate
GHRH
• via：
GHRH to anterior pituitary → to bind its receptor (GHRH receptor) → activate Gprotein → induce cAMP-PKA →stimulate GH release.
3).NTs regulates GH release
1、Dopamine（DA）
• DA enhanced GH release • Mechanism
stimulates GHRH release inhibites SS release
2、Norepinephrine（NE）
• Αreceptor: stimulation, major • Βreceptor: inhibition
• GHRH receptor: 7 transmembrane (see
Fig.4)
GHRH receptor: 7 transmembrane
生长抑素 SS
• via：
SS release from ME to anterior pituitary SS release into CSF via cell line ventricle(室 管膜细胞) to anterior pituitary to inhibites GH release and synthesis。
神经内分泌学--生长轴
Growth hormone(GH):
• Secrete by anterior pituitary • Single peptide chain • Composed of 191 aa • molecular mass: 22kDa
Function of Growth hormone
• Further
growth
• Synthesize
protein
• Decompose
fat
• Generate
sugar
GH:
Somatotrophin, Growth hormone is regulated by GHRH, SS (SRIH), and hypothalamic peptides as well as complex neuroendocrine network.
1、Stimulation (major)
• M-ENK • β-EP • NT • P 物质 • VIP • 胃泌素 • PACAP • Galanin
2、inhibition (major)
• CRF • CCK • AII • NPY
5). Hormone regulates GH
• GC ＋ • T3,T4 ＋ • E and T ＋
1). GHRH and SS
regulation of GH release
• Growth hormone releasing hormone
（GHRH）
• 44 peptide distribution in ARC , PVN ,
AMH, and VMH
• GH release • GH DNA→mRNA • GH cell in pituitary proliferate and
6).The others factors
• Hypoxia stress－ • deprivation － • weightless － • toxin • Ethyl ether－ • restraint －
• sugar－ • aliphatic acid
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