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Marxism and Literature
• first published in 1977 by Oxford University Press • Written at a time of widespread challenges against
both the literary and social establishments • Written during a period when Marxist ideas suffered a lot of
capitalism, and so Marxism must now revisit its literary theories. It’s no longer, for example, so much about the inherent act of writing itself, but how the writing is received and reviewed.
Although words may have a cluster of supposed meanings, the meaning of words are changeable: they are not static or inherent. For this reason, Williams believes Marxism must consider language alongside culture.
S
05 I d e o l o g y
Marxism and Literature
Raymond Williams
• taught drama at the University of Cambridge • is known for his influence within New Left
schools of thought 感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的PPT作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！ ibaotu.com
scrutiny and challenges
Summary
At a glance
The book discusses the existing body of Marxist literature wherein Williams adds his own theory of cultural materialism to the collection.
Summary
Culture
The first chapter, ‘Basic Concept’, considers the broad principles of culture, society, and economy.
感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的PPT作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！
The fact that literary critiquing is now a profession embodies what Williams means—the value of literature is now commodified. It’s also traditionally associated with the bourgeoisie.
Culture
Transitions of its meaning
① The growth and tending of crops and animals
② The growth and tending of human faculties 感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的PPT作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！ ibaotu.com
O N T E
02 C u l t u r e
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ibaotu.com
03 L a n g u a g e
N
T
04 L i t e r a t u r e
2019
B a 感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的PPT作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！
ibaotu.com
s
i
c
Concepts
By 黄慧芝
2 0 1 9. 0 4 .1 4
C
01 Marxism and Literature
of language, therefore Marxists have a responsibility to seize missed opportunities for reimaging language.
He explains how words, signs, etc. gather meaning through cultural usage and social interactions.
感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的PPT作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！
ibaotu.com
Williams intends to review longstanding, unquestioned Marxist principles and expose why they are problematic and unsound. He also discusses what he believes to be a glaring problem with literary theory and how it’s divisive. To solve all these problems, Williams proposes a new theory— cultural materialism.
① As a way of indicating reality could be studied as logic
② As an accessible segment of reality could be studied as grammar
③ Within the distinction between language and reality could be conceived as an instrument and could be studied in rhetoric and poetics
Summary
Language
Language studies underpin much of the book.
Williams contends that Marxism doesn’t add much to the understanding 感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的PPT作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！ ibaotu.com
ibaotu.com
Essentially, we’re living in a world where cultural enlightenment is the goal, and so anything which doesn’t contribute to this economically is not valuable.
Williams is concerned that traditional Marxism doesn’t go far enough to challenge the bourgeois cultural ideal, and for this reason Marxism fails.
Language
Summary
Literature
Literature is the more specific use of language Williams concerns himself with.
He explains how literature changed its meaning, purpose, and value following 感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的PPT作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！ ibaotu.com
③ A process of ‘inner’ or ‘spiritual ‘ as distinct from ‘external’ development; a general classification of ‘the arts’, religion, and the institutions and practices of meanings and values, that is, the description of ‘ the whole ways of life’.
Summary
Ideology
Williams also stresses that Marxist theories on ideology must be revised, as the term “ideology” is now a “catch-all” for any thinking which is not 感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的PPT作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！
Language as activity——began in the 18th century
Traditionally, ‘language and reality’ had been decisively separated
Conceptions
ofБайду номын сангаас
Language 感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的PPT作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！ ibaotu.com
turn built around refinement, progress, and celebration of this new so-
called “order.”
感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的PPT作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！
He notes that we are following the bourgeois ideals for culture, society, and economy, which revolve around commerce and capitalism.
Summary
Culture
Williams points out that culture now equates with civilization, which is in
ibaotu.com
Williams explains that the whole definition of “culture” is undergoing a paradigm shift, so it’s vital to go back to its most basic definition to see where the problems lie.
He believes that cultural materialism is central to all Marxist thinking, and that by bringing together Marxist theories of language and Marxist theories of literature, he can reimagine Marxism.
• first published in 1977 by Oxford University Press • Written at a time of widespread challenges against
both the literary and social establishments • Written during a period when Marxist ideas suffered a lot of
capitalism, and so Marxism must now revisit its literary theories. It’s no longer, for example, so much about the inherent act of writing itself, but how the writing is received and reviewed.
Although words may have a cluster of supposed meanings, the meaning of words are changeable: they are not static or inherent. For this reason, Williams believes Marxism must consider language alongside culture.
S
05 I d e o l o g y
Marxism and Literature
Raymond Williams
• taught drama at the University of Cambridge • is known for his influence within New Left
schools of thought 感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的PPT作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！ ibaotu.com
scrutiny and challenges
Summary
At a glance
The book discusses the existing body of Marxist literature wherein Williams adds his own theory of cultural materialism to the collection.
Summary
Culture
The first chapter, ‘Basic Concept’, considers the broad principles of culture, society, and economy.
感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的PPT作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！
The fact that literary critiquing is now a profession embodies what Williams means—the value of literature is now commodified. It’s also traditionally associated with the bourgeoisie.
Culture
Transitions of its meaning
① The growth and tending of crops and animals
② The growth and tending of human faculties 感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的PPT作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！ ibaotu.com
O N T E
02 C u l t u r e
感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的PPT作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！
ibaotu.com
03 L a n g u a g e
N
T
04 L i t e r a t u r e
2019
B a 感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的PPT作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！
ibaotu.com
s
i
c
Concepts
By 黄慧芝
2 0 1 9. 0 4 .1 4
C
01 Marxism and Literature
of language, therefore Marxists have a responsibility to seize missed opportunities for reimaging language.
He explains how words, signs, etc. gather meaning through cultural usage and social interactions.
感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的PPT作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！
ibaotu.com
Williams intends to review longstanding, unquestioned Marxist principles and expose why they are problematic and unsound. He also discusses what he believes to be a glaring problem with literary theory and how it’s divisive. To solve all these problems, Williams proposes a new theory— cultural materialism.
① As a way of indicating reality could be studied as logic
② As an accessible segment of reality could be studied as grammar
③ Within the distinction between language and reality could be conceived as an instrument and could be studied in rhetoric and poetics
Summary
Language
Language studies underpin much of the book.
Williams contends that Marxism doesn’t add much to the understanding 感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的PPT作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！ ibaotu.com
ibaotu.com
Essentially, we’re living in a world where cultural enlightenment is the goal, and so anything which doesn’t contribute to this economically is not valuable.
Williams is concerned that traditional Marxism doesn’t go far enough to challenge the bourgeois cultural ideal, and for this reason Marxism fails.
Language
Summary
Literature
Literature is the more specific use of language Williams concerns himself with.
He explains how literature changed its meaning, purpose, and value following 感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的PPT作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！ ibaotu.com
③ A process of ‘inner’ or ‘spiritual ‘ as distinct from ‘external’ development; a general classification of ‘the arts’, religion, and the institutions and practices of meanings and values, that is, the description of ‘ the whole ways of life’.
Summary
Ideology
Williams also stresses that Marxist theories on ideology must be revised, as the term “ideology” is now a “catch-all” for any thinking which is not 感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的PPT作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！
Language as activity——began in the 18th century
Traditionally, ‘language and reality’ had been decisively separated
Conceptions
ofБайду номын сангаас
Language 感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的PPT作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！ ibaotu.com
turn built around refinement, progress, and celebration of this new so-
called “order.”
感谢您下载包图网平台上提供的PPT作品，为了您和包图网以及原创作者的利益，请勿复制、传播、销售，否则将承担法律责任！包图网将对作品进行维权，按照传播下载次数进行十倍的索取赔偿！
He notes that we are following the bourgeois ideals for culture, society, and economy, which revolve around commerce and capitalism.
Summary
Culture
Williams points out that culture now equates with civilization, which is in
ibaotu.com
Williams explains that the whole definition of “culture” is undergoing a paradigm shift, so it’s vital to go back to its most basic definition to see where the problems lie.
He believes that cultural materialism is central to all Marxist thinking, and that by bringing together Marxist theories of language and Marxist theories of literature, he can reimagine Marxism.