一般过去时过去进行时被动语态

一般过去时一、一般过去时的基本构成1、be动词的一般现在时形式：was , were2、其他动词用过去式的形式二、一般过去时的基本用法1、在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。

例如：时间状语有：yesterday,last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982等。

Eg ① He didn't finish his homework yesterday.② We visited the factory last week.2、表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。

因此在这类句子中，经常使用always，often，once a month等表示事情发生频度的时间状语。

① When I was a child, I often played football in the street.② Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given awarm welcome.那时，布朗一家无论什么时候去，都受到热烈欢迎。

**表示过去经常性的、习惯性的动作也可以用used to do 来表示。

（强调现在已经不这样了）Eg I used to get up early in the morning.3、有些句子，虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话，也要用过去时。

Eg I didn’t know you were in Paris. 我不知道你在巴黎。

（因为在说话时，我已经知道你在巴黎了。

这句话指的是说话之前，所以只能用过去时表示。

实际上，这句话暗指：But now I know you are here.）I thought you were ill. 我以为你病了呢。

（这句话应是在说话之前，我以为你病了。

但是现在我知道你没病）4、wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等，而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。

Eg I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。

Christine was an invalid all her life.（含义：她已不在人间。

）Christine has been an invalid all her life.（含义：她现在还活着）Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州）Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.（含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去）5、用过去时表示现在，表示委婉语气。

①动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend等。

Eg Did you want anything else? 您还要些什么吗？I wondered if you could help me. 能不能帮我一下。

②情态动词could, would。

Eg Could you lend me your bike? 你的自行车，能借用一些吗？6、特殊句型：到……时间了”；“该……了”。

①It is time for sb. to do sth “Eg It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。

时间已迟了”；“早该……了”，② It is time that sb. did sth. “Eg It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。

③ would （had）rather sb. did sth.表示“宁愿某人做某事”。

Eg I'd rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。

三、小结：与一般过去时连用的连词有：last night, yesterday, last week, some years ago, in 1995, the other day, at that time, just now等.过去进行时一、过去进行时的基本构成：was /were + 现在分词二、过去进行时的基本用法：1、过去进行时主要表示过去某个时刻或某一阶段正在进行的动作，常和表示过去时间的状语then，at this（that）time，yesterday，at nine，last night等连用。

但在不少情况下，没有表示时间的状语，这时需要通过上下文来表示。

Eg What were you doing at nine last night？昨晚九点时，你在做什么？—I called you yesterday afternoon but there was no answer.昨天下午我打电话给你，但是没有人接电话。

—I was visiting a friend of mine most of the afternoon.我昨天下午大部分时间，都在一个朋友家里。

We were watching TV from seven to nine last night.昨天晚上七点到九点的时候我们在看电视。

What was he researching all day last Sunday?上周日他一整天都在研究什么？My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself.我哥哥骑自行车的时候从车上摔下来，受伤了。

It was raining when they left the station.他们离开车站的时候天正在下雨。

When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining.当我到达山顶的时候，阳光灿烂。

2、当两个一长一短的动作在过去某时间同时发生时，用过去进行时表示较长的动作。

过去进行时可用于主句，也可用于从句。

Eg It was raining hard when I left my office.当我离开办公室时，雨下得正大。

When you called，I was eating.你打电话时，我正在吃饭。

When I was cleaning the windows，my brother was sweeping the floor. （当）我在擦窗户的时候，我弟弟在拖地。

Some students were playing football，while others were running round the track. 一些学生在踢足球，同时别的学生正在跑道上跑步。

We were walking along the river when（suddenly）It rained.我们沿着河边散步，突然下起雨来。

They were watching TV when the lights went out.停电时，他们刚好在看电视。

（注意：同上例）3、过去进行时表示过去将来的动作现在进行时可以表示将来的动作，同样，过去进行时也可以表示从过去某时间看来将要发生的动作。

常用在间接引语中。

Eg He was leaving early the next morning.他第二天一早就要离开此地了。

She asked him whether he was coming back to lunch.她问他晚饭是否准备回来吃。

4、在复合句中，如果主要动作和背景动作都是延续的或同时发生的，那么主从句的动词都可用过去进行时。

Eg While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper.他边等车边看报。

(两个动作都是延续的)He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.他擦车时我在做饭。

(两个动作同时进行被动语态一、被动语态在各种时态中的结构一般现在时：be done（be随人称变化）一般过去时：was/were done一般将来时：will be done现在进行时：be being done（前面的be随人称变化，后面的being固定）过去进行时：was/were being done（being固定）现在完成时：have/has been done过去完成时：had been done过去将来时：would be done将来完成时：will have been done将来进行时：will be being done（being固定）将来完成进行时：will have been being done现在完成进行时：have been being done过去将来完成时：would have been done过去完成进行时：had been being done过去将来进行时：would be being done过去将来完成进行时：would have been being done二、被动语态的基本用法：被动语态表示一种主语和谓语之间的关系，当主语是动作的承受者时，就需要用到被动语态，汉语中所说的，“汽车被撞坏了”“钢笔被修好了”　等句子就是一种被动语态的句子，在汉语中常用“被”“由”等词来表示这种被动语态。

在英语中则用动词的被动语态形式来表示。

被动语态中还可用by 短语加在句后表示被动语态中动作的发出者。

也就是谓语动词动作的逻辑上的主语，被动语态常用在下列情况。

1、不知道谁是谓语动词动作的执行者时，或者没有必要说出谁是执行者时。

Eg The glass was broken last night. 玻璃昨天被打破了。

His bike has been stolen. 他的自行车被偷了。

He was asked to go there once more. 他被要求再去那儿一次。

The bag was put into the box. 袋子放在了箱子里。

2、为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。

Eg The plan has been sent to the headmaster. 计划已经送给校长了。

Killington was elected the President of U.S.A. 克林顿被选为美国总统。

Five people were hurt in the explosion. 五个人在这次爆炸中受伤。

A new building was set up in a short time. 新大楼短期就建成了。