考研翻译真题解析
86-90年英语考研真题翻译答案
1986一、文章结构分析本文强调了要为大学生提供更多课程方面的信息，从而使他们在对各门不同学科进行钻研之后，选择符合自己兴趣和能力的学科。
二、试题具体解析21. 本题考核的知识点是：主从复合句、形式主语。
【句子结构】该句为主从复合句。
句首为if引导的条件从句，主句为it is not hard to see …，可以采用顺译法，保留句子原来的顺序。
主句中it为形式主语，不定式结构to see …为真正的主语。
how difficult it is … abilities为see的宾语从句。
从句的主干结构为how difficult it is for a student to …，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式结构to select the course，过去分词短语most suited to his interests and abilities做后置定语，修饰先行词the course。
翻译该从句时应将真正的主语内容译出。
【词义确定】variety (of sth)意为“不同种类，多种式样”；suited to sth意为“合适，适当”。
【翻译】如果想一想那些为学生设置的门类繁多的课程，我们就不难发现，对一个学生来说，要选一门符合他的兴趣和能力的课程是多么困难。
22. 本题考核的知识点是：主从复合句、不定式结构。
【句子结构】该句为主从复合句。
句首为if引导的条件从句，主句为he will undoubtedly benefit。
条件句的主干为If a student goes to university，三个并列的不定式结构做目的状语：to acquire … to enlarge … and to learn …。
【词义确定】acquire意为“获得，取得，学到”；perspective意为“看法，观点”。
【翻译】如果一个学生进大学是为了想获得一个对生活前景更广泛的认识，为了扩大思想境界和学会独立思考，那么毫无疑问，进大学对他是有好处的。
湖南大学翻译硕士考研真题解析
湖南大学翻译硕士考研真题解析湖南大学（回忆）翻译硕士英语一、选择：20道词汇语法单选题；20个完型，10个同义词替换，共计五十小题，词汇有专八也有GRE。
二、阅读：前七篇为选择，篇幅偏短，难度一般，最后一篇主观题，答案在文中很好找，能paraphrase 最好了，不能就照抄，难度适中。
三、作文：“故不登高山，不知天之高也；不临深溪，不知地之厚也；不闻先王之遗言，不知学问之大也。
干,越,夷,貉之子，生而同声，长而异俗，教使之然也。
”；“吾尝终日而思矣，不如须臾之所学也。
吾尝跂而望矣，不如登高之博见也。
登高而招，臂非加长也，而见者远；顺风而呼，声非加疾也，而闻者彰。
”结合上文，写400字文章。
总结：题量过大，难度适宜。
去年作文考诗句，今年考荀子，表达的内容都是要不断地学习和实践。
英语翻译基础一、词语：低保、国家主权和领土完整、农副产品加工、中东和平进程、科教兴国、节能减排、低碳经济、法治社会migrant rural labors、weapons of massive destruction、international practice global warming、brain drain、GDP、ASEAN二、英译汉：讲的女性在于领导中的角色地位。
三、汉译英：中美文化差异，对待别人的赞扬，美国人说谢谢表示礼貌，并非不谦虚，中国人说差得很远表示有愧，做得还不够，也并非不真实，这是文化差异造成的。
总结：段落翻译过于简单；词语看不出水平，就看平时背的多不多，湖大考得很正统，都为政经词汇。
汉语写作与百科知识一、25个单选：1.“无为而治”是谁的思想2.近代工业之母是哪项创造3.意识流小说代表作品是什么4.惠特曼“斧头之歌”为何而写5.《呼啸山庄》写作特点是什么6.《汤姆叔叔的小屋》背景是哪次战争7.自由女神像在哪个城市8.艾滋病日是哪一天9.上海世博会口号是什么10.美洲古代文明最具代表的是哪种文明……二、应用文写作：根据给出材料写求职信。
1990-2000考研英语翻译真题
1990年考研翻译真题解析46. Those who support the “nature” side of the conflict believe that our personalities and behavior patterns are largely determined by biological factors.结构分析在这个复合句中，代词those做主语，其后who引导的是个定语从句，修饰前面的those，其谓语是believe，后面that引导的是个宾语从句，从句里用了一个被动语态are largely determined by 。
核心词汇nature天性；personalities个性；behavior patterns行为模式；largely主要地，大多是；参考译文在这场争论中，那些赞成“天性”一方的人认为，我们的性格特征和行为模式大多是由生物因素所决定的。
测试点：定语从句，宾语从句；被动句举一反三：nurture theory后天论；sleep patterns睡眠习惯；shortly不久；nearly差不多，几乎；hardly 几乎不47. That our environment has little, if anything, to do with our abilities, characteristics and behavior is central to this theory.结构分析that引导的是个主语从句，主句的谓语部分是is central to，在主语从句里，if anything是个插入结构，对句子结构的理解影响不大。
核心词汇if anything 如果有的话，have …to do w ith 和… 有… 关系；is central to 是…的核心参考译文我们的环境同我们的才能、性格特征和行为，即使有什么关系的话，那也是微不足道的，这就是这种理论的核心。
（全）考研英语：长难句翻译-真题结构解析+总结
（全）考研英语：长难句翻译-真题结构解析+总结考研英语：长难句翻译-真题结构解析+总结真题实战His function is analogous to that of a judge, who must accept the obligation of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision.结构分析这个句⼦是⼀个复合句，主句部分是His function is analogous to that of a judge。
其后who must accept the obligation 是⼀个定语从句。
obligation 后⾯的of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning which led him to his decision的难点是in as obvious a manner as possible，这段状语的位置有点乱放，⽤改放到句末去，也就是说这段的顺序是of revealing the course of reasoning which led him to his decision in as obvious a manner as possible。
词汇释义function n. 作⽤，职责analogous a. 相似的，类似的judge n. 法官，裁判员obligation n. 义务，责任reveal v. 揭露，显露拆分翻译His function is analogous to that of a judge,/ /他的职责与法官相似who must accept the obligation / /必须承担这样的责任of revealing in as obvious a manner as possible the course of reasoning/ /以⼀种尽可能清楚明⽩的⽅式来展⽰推理的过程which led him to his decision.导致他做出决定参考译⽂他的职责与法官相似，必须承担这样的责任：⽤尽可能清楚明⽩的⽅式来展⽰⾃⼰做出决定的推理过程。
2005-2010考研英语翻译真题译文
2005年考研英语翻译真题解析Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed—and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe。
译文：电视是引发和传播这些感受的方式之一——在连接不同民族和国家之间的关系方面，电视以前也许还从来没有像在欧洲最近发生的事件中那样，起过如此重大的作用。
In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relationship to one another.翻译：在欧洲，就像其它地方一样，各传媒集团越来越成功，整合了电视台，电台，报社，杂志社和出版社，并使之相互合作This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive, in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television network, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.翻译：仅仅这一切就足以证实，电视行业绝非容易生存的地方，统计数据表明，欧洲80个电视网络中，在1989年有不少于50%遭受了亏损。
考研英语历年翻译真题及译文(共44篇)
一. 1980考研英语翻译真题及答案Section VI Chinese-English Translation将下列句子译成英语：（本大题共20分，第1题2分，其余各题均3分）Section VI: Chinese-English Translation (20 points)1.水一煮沸请立即把开关关掉。
1. Please turn off the switch (switch off) as soon as the water boils.2. 在八十年代，中国人民将以更大的步伐向前迈进。
2. The Chinese people will forge ahead (march on, march onward, march forward) with greater strides in 1980’s.3. 我们都同意李同志已作出的决定。
3. We all agree to the decision comrade Li has made (made).4. 这个结果比我们预期的要好得多。
4. The result is much (far) better than we expected.5. 在过去的三年中，在恢复我国国民经济方面做了大量的工作。
5. During the past three years a lot (of work) has been done in the recovery (restoration) of our national economy (in recovering our national economy; in restoring our national economy).6. 我们把英语作为学习西方先进科学技术的一种工具。
6. We use English as a tool in learning Western advanced science and technology.7. 没有党的领导，我国的社会主义现代化是不可能实现的。
2023考研英语一翻译真题解析
2023考研英语一翻译真题解析2023考研英语一翻译真题解析(46)But even as the number of English speakers expands further there are signs that the global predominance of the language may fade within the foreseeable future.参考译文：但是，尽管使用英语者的人数在不断增加/说英语的人越来越多，却仍然有迹象说明，英语语言的全球主导地位在不久的将来/可预见的将来也许会渐渐衰退。
句子解析：本句很简单，主句是there be 构造，主句前是让步状语，signs后面是that引导的同位语从句，对signs 进展进一步的补充说明。
同位语从句中是主谓构造，the global predominance of the language 是主语，may fade 是谓语，within构造是时间状语。
expands的词义不应该选择常用的“扩展”意思，而应该结合前面和它搭配的number，而选择“增加”的意思。
参考译文：因此，大卫格兰多的分析可能会终结某些人的自满态度，这些人认为，英语在全世界的地位非常稳固，英国的年轻一代人根本不需要学习其他的语言。
(48)many countries are introducing English intothe primary-school curriculum but British schoolchildren and students do not appear to be gaining greater encouragement to achieve fluency in other languages.参考译文：很多国家正在把英语列入小学课程范围，但是英国的中小学生似乎并没有受到更多的鼓励去流利地掌握其他语言。
考研英语历年翻译真题解析_1990-2007
英汉翻译高分攻略一.近年英译汉考题内容英译汉短文内容大体上涉及当前人们普遍关注的社会生活、政治、经济、历史、文化、科普等方面的一般常识或社会、自然科学与技术常识的题材。
体裁多为议论文。
科学常识性的题材占了相当大的比重。
1990～2004年英译汉短文主题1990年：个性形成的教育(434词)；1991年:能源与农业（444词）1992年:智力评估的科学性（406词）1993年:科学研究方法（443词）1994年:天才、技术与科学发展的关系（308词）1995年:标准化教育与心理评估（364词）1996年:科学发展的动力（331词）1997年:动物的权利（417词）1998年:宇宙起源（376词）1999年:史学研究方法（326词）2000年:科学家与政府（381词）2001年:计算机与未来生活展望（405词）2002年:行为科学发展的困难（339词）2003年:人类学简介（371词）2004年:语言与思维（357词）平均值:短文词数:370词;要求翻译的词数:160词从英译汉试题内容分析，考生就应明确认识到，要想在英语考试中取得成功，必须在基本训练上狠下工夫。
首先要扩大知识面，提高自身文化素质。
考生如果熟悉试题内容，将有助于对短文的深入理解，增强信心，提高翻译水平。
考生应利用各种渠道，特别是通过大量浏览中、英文报纸杂志，扩大相关的知识面。
二.近年英译汉考题的特点从题型改革后、特别是1996年以后的试题分析，命题组更侧重考生综合运用语言的能力，题难度加大，趋向稳定。
考题要求考生在理解全句、全段或全文的基础上，把语法、词汇的意思和上下文结合起来理解，表面看上去画线的句子语法不很复杂，词汇似乎也不陌生，但翻译时很多考生觉得难以动笔，难度增大体现在:不能采用就词论词、就句子论句子的简单直译方法，而要求把词和句子放在篇章里去理解，还可强调英语习惯用法、语感和翻译技巧的掌握。
这样仅靠熟悉语法规则和孤立地背单词已远远不够了。
近三年考研英语翻译真题解析(三)
近三年考研英语翻译真题解析（三）三、2007年（1）Traditionally，legal learning has been viewed in such institutions as the special preserve of lawyers，rather than a necessary part of the intellectual equipment of an educated person.评析：从全句角度去把握意思，而非拘泥于某一个词，是做翻译不容易达到的境界。
本句有institutions和preserve都容易混淆如何处理。
难点：词义的处理和服从上下文。
重点：rather than的意义是取舍关系。
翻译：传统上来说，法学知识一直被认为是律师们的专利，而非受过教育的人们必需的知识装备。
（2）On the other， it links these concepts to everyday realities in a manner which is parallel to the links journalists forge on a daily basis as they cover and comment on the news.评析：这句话的关键在于对which角色的理解，其实是联系了前后的links，并作出比较。
难点：从句很长，要把修饰关系理清楚，links同时也是forge的宾语。
重点：从句，还有cover，forge的翻译。
翻译：另一方面，法律把日常生活和这些概念联系起来的方式，与记者们在日常基础上，在报道和评论新闻时联系这两者的方式很相似。
（3）But the idea that the journalist must understand the law more profoundly than an ordinary citizen rests on an understanding of the established conventions and special responsibilities of the new media.评析：表示因果关系的动词考研经常重复，有lie/rest/depend with/upon一般翻成“取决于”，“依赖于”。
2021年考研《英语一》翻译真题及答案(跨考版)
2021年考研《英语一》翻译真题及答案(跨考版)Part C TranslationDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)46) By the date of his birth Europe was witnessing the passing of the religious drama, and the creation of new forms under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy.【解析】本句主干为Europe was witnessing the passing and the creation。
句首by the date of his birth，考查代词指代，回上文可知为：莎士比亚。
under the incentive of classical tragedy and comedy为定语，修饰the creation。
【参考译文】莎士比亚出生之时，宗教戏剧在欧洲正逐渐消亡，而在经典悲剧和戏剧的激发下，这里正在形成各种新的戏剧形式。
47) no boy who went to a grammar school could be ignorant that the drama was a form of literature which gave glory to Greece and Rome and might yet bring honor to England.【解析】本句的主干为：no boy could be ignorant that...，意思为：没有人会不了解...，可以翻译成：人都了解...。
2022年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2022 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语〔二〕试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文主要分析了无现金社会为何迟迟不来的原因。
第一段是文章的中心段落，指出真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来。
第二、三段从电子支付设备昂贵、纸质支票提供收据、使用纸质支票能获得浮存利息以及电子支付方式存在的平安隐私问题四个方面分析纸币系统得以继续存在的理由。
二、试题解析1．【答案】A 〔However〕说“真正的无现金社会很可能不会马上到来〞，两者之前出现了明显的转折关系，因此答案A。
B. moreover 表递进C.therefore 表结果D. Otherwise 表比照2．【答案】D 〔around〕【解析】由空格所在句的“but〞得知，句子前后是转折关系。
事实上,这样的预测已经二十年了,但迄今还没有实现。
A. off 停止; B. back 返回; C. over 结束，与后文均不构成转折，故答案选D. around 出现。
3．【答案】B 〔concept〕【解析】空格所在的句子意思为例如, 1975 年?商业周刊?预测电子支付手段不久将“彻底改变货币本身的____〞将四个选项带入，能够彻底改变的对象只能是金钱的概念〔定义〕，而A“力量〞,C“历史〞,D “角色〞，语义都不恰当，并且如果选择role 的话，应该是复数roles, 因为是金钱的作用不止一个，故答案选B。
4．【答案】D 〔reverse〕【解析】空格填入的动词跟前面的动词revolutionize 〔变革〕意思上应该是同义替换的，要选择含有变革，彻底改变意思的词汇，四个选项中A. reward 奖励B. 抵抗C. resume 重新开始，继续，都不适宜，只有D 选项reverse“颠覆〞最为贴切，本句译为“电子支付方式不久将改变货币的定义,并将在数年后颠覆货币本身。
〞5．【答案】C 〔slow〕能不会马上到来〞，因此也得出这种变革是一个缓慢的过程，故答案选择C。
2000——2001英语考研翻译真题及解析
2000第一段Governments throughout the world act on the assumption that the welfare of their people depends largely on the economic strength and wealth of the community.71) Under modern conditions, this requires varying measures of centralized control and hence the help of specialized scientists such as economists and operational research experts.72) Furthermore, it is obvious that the strength of a country’s economy is directly bound up with the efficiency of its agriculture and industry, and that this in turn rests upon the efforts of scientists and technologists of all kinds.It also means that governments are increasingly compelled to interfere in these sectors in order to step up production and ensure that it is utilized to the best advantage. For example, the may encourage research in various ways, including the setting up of their own research centers; they may alter the structure of education, or interfere in order to reduce the wastage of natural resources or tap resources hitherto unexploited; or they may cooperate directly in the growing number of international projects related to science, economics and industry. In any case, all such interventions are heavily dependent on scientific advice and also scientific and technological manpower of all kinds.第二段73）Owing to the remarkable development in mass-communications, people everywhere are feeling new wants and are being exposed to new customs and ideas, while governments are often forced to introduce still further innovations for the reasons given above.At the same time, the normal rate of social change throughout the world is taking place ata vastly accelerated speed compared with the past. For example,74) in the early industrialized countries of Europe the process of industrialization -- with all the far-reaching changes in social patterns that followed -- was spread over nearly a century, whereas nowadays a developing nation may undergo the same process in a decade or so.All this has the effect of building up unusual pressures and tensions within the community and consequently presents serious problems for the governments concerned.75) Additional social stresses may also occur because of the population explosion or problems arising from mass migration movements -- themselves made relatively easy nowadays by modern means of transport.As a result of all these factors, governments are becoming increasingly dependent on biologists and social scientists for planning the appropriate programs and putting them into effect.2000一、核心词汇注释act on*1.按……行动，奉行例：act on principles 根据原则办事2.对……起作用，影响例：The music acted stirringly on the emotions of the audience. 音乐使观众情绪激动。
考研英语：翻译真题精讲(1)
考研英语：翻译真题精讲（1）一、全真试题The standardized educational or psychological tests that are widely used to aid in selecting，classifying，assigning，or promoting students，employees，and military personnel have been the target of recent attacks in books，magazines，the daily press，and even in Congress.（71）The target is wrong，for in attacking the tests，critics divert attention from the fault that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users. The tests themselves are merely tools，with characteristics that can be measured with reasonable precision under specified conditions. Whether the results will be valuable，meaningless，or even misleading depends partly upon the tool itself but largely upon the user.All informed predictions of future performance are based upon some knowledge of relevant past performance: school grades，research productivity，sales records，or whatever is appropriate.（72）How well the predictions will be validated by later performance depends upon the amount，reliability，and appropriateness of the information used and on the skill and wisdom with which it is interpreted. Anyone who keeps careful score knows that the information available is always incomplete and that the predictions are always subject to error.Standardized tests should be considered in this context. They provide a quick objective method of getting some kinds of information about what a person learned，the skills he has developed，or the kind of person he is. The information so obtained has，qualitatively，the same advantages and shortcomings as other kinds of information.（73）Whether to use tests，other kinds of information，or both in a particular situation depends，therefore，upon the evidence from experience concerning comparative validity and upon such factors as cost and availability.（74）In general, the tests work most effectively when the qualities to be measured can be most precisely defined and least effectively when what is to be measured or predicated cannot be well defined. Properly used，they provide a rapid means of getting comparable information about many people. Sometimes they identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized，but there are many things they do not do.（75）For example，they do not compensate for gross social inequality，and thus do not tell how able an underprivileged youngster might have been had he grown up under more favorable circumstances.二、翻译题解（71）The targetiswrong,forin attacking the tests, criticsdivertattention from the faultthatlies withill-informed or incompetent users.句子拆分：拆分点参考：标点符号，从属连词The target is wrong, //for in attacking the tests, //critics divert attention from the fault //that lies with ill-informed or incompetent users.解析：（1）句子的主干为The target is wrong;后面跟了个for引导的状语从句。
英汉互译考研陈宏薇《新编汉英翻译教程》考研真题
汉英翻译考研陈宏薇《新编汉英翻译教程》考研真题一、汉英翻译考研真题一Ⅰ. 填空题1. 按照文本类型来分，翻译可分为_____、_____、_____、_____。
【答案】文学翻译；科技翻译；新闻翻译；应用文翻译@@【解析】根据书中所述，文本的类型概括起来有小说、诗歌、戏剧等文学文本，科技报告、科技论文等科技文本，新闻报道、通讯、社论、特写等新闻文本，广告、合同、产品说明书等应用文本。
2. 就翻译方式而言，主要有_____、_____、_____，其中_____是翻译最基本的方式。
【答案】全译；摘译；编译；全译@@【解析】全译，指全文翻译，为翻译最基本的方式。
摘译，指根据特定目的，选取、翻译原文的一部分，从而使译入语读者更快地获得所需源语文本中的信息。
编译为“编辑”和“翻译”的结合。
3. 汉语和英语均具有的语言层级为_____、_____、_____、_____、_____。
【答案】词；短语；句子；段落；篇章@@【解析】翻译单位是翻译研究和学习翻译不可忽视的问题，因为涉及到两种语言在什么层级上进行转换的问题。
汉英两种语言均有的语言层级为词（word）、短语（phrase）、句子（sentence）、段落（paragraph）和篇章（text）。
其中，篇章是最理想的翻译单位。
4._____是能独立运用的最小语法单位，_____是词与词组合而成的语法单位。
【答案】词；短语@@【解析】需要注意的是，由于汉英两种语言分属不同的语系，在语言文化特别是句法结构和思维模式上的差异比较大，因此以词或短语为翻译单位行不通。
5. 对于初学者来说，_____是较为理想的翻译单位。
【答案】句子@@【解析】句子可以表达完整的意思，可以通过语调来表示陈述、疑问、感叹等语气，同时句子末段会有显著的停顿符号。
这些使得汉语中的句子比较容易辨识，容易分析，在翻译时较容易转变句子结构，使译文符合英文的句子结构。
因此，对于初学者来说，与词、短语或篇章相比，句子是更为理想的翻译单位。
2023年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2023年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析第一篇：儿童游戏及其发展原文AChildren play games for many reasons. Play helps them learn about themselves and others, develop imagination and creativity, and acquire basic intellectual and social skills. Through play, children also learn about their world.BChildren usually create their own games, but sometimes they learn games from others. They may learn games from older children or from adults. For example, a four-year-old might learn a game from a six-year-old, who in turn learned it from a ten-year-old, who learned it from an adult. Because children may learn games from many different people, games may change over time. They may be altered or mixed with other games that children know.CChildren’s games are also influenced by cultural tradi tions. For example, many games are passed down from one generation to the next. Game rules may change somewhat with time, but some games remain remarkably similar across generations and across cultural borders. Children may learngames from their parents or grandparents, from aunts or uncles, or even from cousins.译文A儿童玩游戏有许多原因。
2023年考研英语翻译真题译文
2023 年考研英语翻译真题解析Television is one of the means by which these feelings are created and conveyed—and perhaps never before has it served so much to connect different peoples and nations as is the recent events in Europe。
译文：电视是引发和传播这些感受的方式之一——在连接不同民族和国家之间的关系方面，电视以前或许还从来没有像在欧洲最近发生的大事中那样，起过如此重大的作用。
In Europe, as elsewhere multi-media groups have been increasingly successful groups which bring together television, radio newspapers, magazines and publishing houses that work in relationship to one another.翻译：在欧洲，就像其它地方一样，各传媒集团越来越成功，整合了电视台，电台，报社，杂志社和出版社，并使之相互合作This alone demonstrates that the television business is not an easy world to survive, in a fact underlined by statistics that show that out of eighty European television network, no less than 50% took a loss in 1989.翻译：仅仅这一切就足以证明，电视行业绝非简洁生存的地方，统计数据说明，欧洲 80 个电视网络中，在 1989 年有不少于 50%患病了亏损。
2020考研英语一：翻译题真题及答案
2020考研英语一：翻译题真题及答案【翻译题目】46)Thismovement，drivenbypowerfulanddiversemotivations,builtanationoutofawil dernessand,byitsnature,shapedthecharacteranddestinyofanunch artedcontinent.47)TheUnitedStatesistheproductoftwoprincipalforces-theimmigrationofEuropeanpeoplewiththeirvariedideas,customs, andnationalcharacteristicsandtheimpactofanewcountrywhichmod ifiedthesetraits.48)ButtheforceofgeographicconditionspeculiartoAmerica,th einterplayofthevariednationalgroupsupononeanother,andtheshe erdifficultyofmaintainingold-worldwaysinaraw,newcontinentcausedsignificantchanges.49)Thefirstshiploadsofimmigrantsboundfortheterritorywhic hisnowtheUnitedStatescrossedtheAtlanticmorethanahundredyear safterthe15th-and-16th-centuryexplorationsofNorthAmerican.50)Thevirginforestwithitsrichnessandvarietyoftreeswasare altreasure-housewhichextendedfromMaineallthewaydowntoGeorgia.【题目解析】46)本句重点词语：drivenby在…的驱动下，byitsnature从本质上，它的性质，shape做动词当"塑造"讲。
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译s
考研英语阅读理解长难句真题分析详解含翻译1. More and more governments , afraid their countries will be left behind , want to spread Internet access.结构：•More and more governments [主语],•Afraid [谓语] their countries will be left behind [宾语从句] , want to spread [谓语] Internet access [宾语].单词：spread vt.传播伸展展开a.伸展的Widespread a.广泛的普遍的Access v.接近使用访问n.通道机会入口进入使用权词组：More and more 越来越...直译：越来越多的政府，担心自己的国家会落伍，从而想要发展互联网使用解析：•Afraid引导宾语从句，省略了连接词that。
•afraid和want to并列，共同使用主语More and more governments译文：由于担心自己的国家会落伍，越来越多的政府，想要拓展互联网的使用2. Within the next decade or two , one to two billion people on the plante will be neted together.结构：•Within the next decade or two [时间状语],•one to two billion people [主语] on the planet [介词短语作定语] will be neted [谓语（被动语态）]together .单词：within 在....之间Billion 十亿直译：在接下来的10到20年之间，世界上的10到20亿人将会用网连接在一起解析：•捋顺语句译文：在未来的10到20年之间，世界上将有10到20亿人被网络联在一起3. As a result , I now believe the digital divide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead.结构：•As a result , I [主语] now believe [谓语]•the digital divide [主语] will narrow [谓语] rather than widen [谓语] in the years ahead [时间状语].词组：As a result 结果因此Rather than 而不是宁可...也不愿直译：因此，我现在相信数字鸿沟将会缩减而不是扩大，在一些年之后解析：•主谓主谓的结构，后一半的主谓是从句•believe引导宾语从句，省略了连接词that。
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1992年考研翻译真题解析71．There is more agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than there is on how to interpret or classify them.结构分析：全句属于there be +N. 结构，全句还包含了一个more…than 的比较结构，前后结构对称，都是接了一个句子。
agreement 后面跟了on the kinds of behavior 做其后置定语，behavior 后面又跟了过去分词referred to by the term作其后置定语；而than there is 后面又省略了一个相同的词汇agreement. 所以全句理解为：There（there be结构的翻译－增加泛指主语）is more（比较结构）agreement on the kinds of behavior referred to by the term than（比较结构）there is 省略（agreement）on how to interpret or classify them（指代关系）.参考译文：人们对（智力）这个词所指的各种行为的看法一致，而如何对其进行解释或分类，人们的看法则不尽相同。
测试点：比较结构；介词和过去分词做后置定语，省略；指代关系举一反三：more A than B短语的译法：1. 如果这个结构前后接的是短语，则通常翻译成为：与其说B，不与说A；或翻译成：有A无B。
比如：He is more brave than wise. 与其说他聪明，不与说他勇敢。
然后意译为：他有勇无谋。
2. 如果前后接的是句子，则常翻译为：有A，而没有B。
72．Intelligence test is a rough measure of a child’s capacity for learning, particularly for learning the kinds of things required in school. It does not measure character, social adjustment, physical endurance, manual skills, or artistic abilities. It is not supposed to---it was not designed for such purposes. 12. To criticize it for such failure is roughly comparable to criticizing a thermometer for not measuring wind velocity.结构分析：全句是用不定式To criticize it for such failure做主语（it指代什么，需要到上文去寻找，因为it是单数，应该到前面去找到一个单数名词，而前面两个句子都是用it做主语，所以再往前找到第一句的主语intelligence test，所以it应该指代前面的智力测试，）such failure属于名词指代的重要考点；（因为failure表示“没有”的意思，因此我们可以往上去找一个带有否定意思的词语，根据层层指代，such purposes, not supposed to, 再到not measure character, social adjustment，我们由此可以推断such failure 指代智力测试不能测试人的性格等特点的情况）。
谓语是is roughly comparable to （comparable to这一词组表示类比，可译为“如同……一样”）criticizing a thermometer for…velocity。
（for是动词criticizing要求的）。
参考译文：批评智力测验没有测试孩子的性格等情况，大概犹如批评温度计不测风速一样。
测试点：代词和名词指代；动词（criticize）+(for)介词短语；形容词短语举一反三：在翻译中遇到代词时一定要到前面去找其指代的内容，一般说来it, they, them都要求把其指代的名词说出来。
指代的依据一般是就近原则和单复数原则。
比如it只能指代前面的单数名词或整个句子。
73. Now since the assessment of intelligence is a comparative matter we must be sure that the scale with which we are comparing our subjects provides a ‘valid’ or ‘fair’ comparison.结构分析：Now since相当于now that, 引导的是个状语从句，一直到matter结束，状语从句结束时应该用逗号，但英语经常把状语从句后的逗号省略，主句是we must be后面部分，be sure of 后面接的that宾语从句必须要省略介词of。
宾语从句里用the scale 做主语，后面接了介词加which引导的定语从句，the scale的谓语是provides.测试学专业词汇：subjects试验对象；scale尺度；参考译文：既然对智力的测试是比较而言的，那么我们必须确保，在对我们的对象作比较时，我们所使用的尺度能提供“有效的”或“公平的”比较。
测试点：状语从句；定语从句；宾语从句；专业词汇举一反三：1．在be+ 形容词+of+ that从句这个结构中of必须要省略，但接其它从句介词of不能省略，比如：be aware that(意识到)；be confident that(有信心)；还有关于测试学的专业词汇要多记。
2．英语中的状语和状语从句放到主句前面，但在结束之后经常省略逗号，因而造成翻译理解的障碍，要特别注意学会断句。
但状语从句放到主句后面的时候，不用打逗号。
比如：According to those who support mergers railway monopoly is unlikely because outsider competitors will continue to exist。
这句话里用了according to介词短语做状语，但后面没有用逗号，全句应该这么理解：According to those who support mergers, railway monopoly is unlikely because outsider competitors will continue to exist。
另外还有As environmentalists convene in Rio de Janeiro this week to ponder the global climate of the future earth scientists are in the midst of a revolution in understanding how climate has changed in the past. 全句需要在future后面打个逗号，句子的层次就很清楚了。
74．The first two must be equal for all who are being compared, if any comparison in terms of intelligence is to be made.结构分析：全句的主句The first two must be equal for all who are being compared；其中for是个介词，理解为“对...来说”；all 是个代词，意思是所有被比较者，who引导的是个定语从句，限定前面的代词all. 被动结构是are being compared，应该理解“做比较”。
if引导的是个条件状语从句，主语是any comparison，后面的介词短语是个固定短语，in terms of (就...而言，从…方面)；第二被动结构是is to be made，应该翻译成主动意思。
equal属于熟词生义，理解为“一样的，同样的”。
参考译文：如果要从智力方面进行任何比较的话，那么对所有被比较者来说，前两个因素必须是一样的。
测试点：状语从句；定语从句；被动结构；介词短语in terms of举一反三：熟悉英语的被动句子的翻译，尽量翻译成为主动的意思。
75．On the whole such a conclusion can be drawn with a certain degree of confidence，but only if the child can be assumed to have had the same attitude towards the test as the others with whom he is being compared, and only if he was not punished by lack of relevant information which they possessed.结构分析：On the whole是个介词短语，放在句首，要单独翻译。
全句的主语是such a conclusion；被动结构can be drawn做谓语；介词短语with a certain degree of confidence做状语，修饰前面的动词drawn。
but表示“但是” 的意思，后面接了两个句子并列：第一是only if（只要）the child can be assumed to（被动结构）have had the same attitude towards the test as the others （others指代其他孩子）；其中短语the same…as.理解为（与….一样）；with whom 引导的是个定语从句，限定前面的代词the others。
代词he指代前面的孩子。
第二个并列结构是and only if引导的条件状语从句；被动结构was not punished翻译成主动，by lack of相当于for lack of （因为缺乏）；which引导的是个定语从句，限定前面的名词information。
参考译文：总的来说，得出这种结论是有一定程度把握的，但是必须能够假定，这个孩子对测试的态度和与其进行比较的其它孩子是相同的；并且能够假定，他也没有因为缺乏别的孩子所具有的有关知识而受惩罚（被扣分测试点：并列结构；被动结构；定语从句；固定短语。