科技英语阅读

合集下载

八年级科技创新英语阅读理解20题

八年级科技创新英语阅读理解20题1.Technology has brought many changes. What is one of the main benefits of new inventions?A.Making life more difficult.B.Slowing down progress.C.Making life easier.D.Causing more problems.答案：C。

A 选项“Making life more difficult”（让生活更艰难）与实际不符；B 选项“Slowing down progress” 减缓进步）错误，科技通常是促进进步的；C 选项“Making life easier”（让生活更容易）符合科技发明的主要好处之一；D 选项“Causing more problems” 引起更多问题）片面。

本题考查对科技发明好处的理解，主旨大意题型。

2.Inventions like smartphones have changed our lives. How?A.By making communication harder.B.By making us less productive.C.By making it easier to stay connected.D.By making us more isolated.答案：C。

A 选项“By making communication harder”（让交流更困难）错误；B 选项“By making us less productive” 让我们效率更低）不对；C 选项“By making it easier to stay connected”（让保持联系更容易）符合智能手机的作用；D 选项“By making us more isolated”（让我们更孤立）不准确。

本题为细节理解题。

科技英语阅读理解35篇

.53 .43 .33 .23 .13
)87(„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ sretupmoC thgilartlU retteB gnidliuB .03 )67(„„„„„„„„„„„„lortnoC fo tuO snipS etilletaS snoitacinummoceleT .92 )47(„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ sesneS laminA .82 )07(„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„tnatropmI eB naC secnaraeppA .72 )86(„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ „„„„ygolocE .62 )46(„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ noitanimaxE nredoM .52 )26(„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ retsdeepS oN xeR .T :ydutS .42 )95(„„„„„„„„„„„„„gnitaE potS tsuJ--regnoL eviL oT ysaE eB yaM tI .32 )65(„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ nroB sI relliK A .22 )45(„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„„ ?eeS uoY oD lleW woH .12
解理读阅语英技科
�stnetnoC�录目

.enicidem deiduts nosimeJ eaM .D .ytisrevinU drofnatS ta ymonortsa deiduts nosimeJ eaM .C .amabalA ni pu thguorb saw nosimeJ eaM .B .suomaf emoceb ot erised gnorts a dah nosimeJ eaM .A ?eurt si stnemetats gniwollof eht fo hcihW .2 tekcor a ylf ot elba saw ehs retfa did nosimeJ eaM tahw .D esir ot snigeb ekat yeht tekcor eht nehw leef yllausu elpoep eht woh .C tuanortsa na emaceb nosimeJ eaM woh .B tuanortsa na emaceb ehs nehw saw nosimeJ eaM deticxe woh .A .______ tuoba si hpargarap tsrif ehT .1 . seitinutroppo rieht fo tsom eht ekam dna ⑥ drah yduts ohw seitironim rehto dna snaciremA-nacirfA rof sreerac gnisimorp reffo ygolonhcet hgih ni sdleif rehto dna margorp ecaps eht taht sretroper ot denialpxe ehS .noisivelet dna repapswen morf noitnetta fo laed doog a deviecer nosimeJ eaM ,tuanortsa ytironim a sa detceles gnieb retfA .ASAN saw os dna ,ydaer saw nosimeJ eaM ,ssecorp noitacilppa sti denepoer yllanif ti nehW .raey a tuoba rof stuanortsa wen yna ni ekat ton did ASAN . draoba lla gnillik ,dedolpxe elttuhs ecaps regnellahC ⑤ eht ,6891 ni ,nehT .lufsseccus ton saw ASAN ot noitacilppa tsrif s’nosimeJ eaM .srats eht rof hcaer ot dediced ehs taht neht saw ti dnA .enicidem ecitcarp ot ainrofilaC ni delttes ehs ,setatS detinU eht ot denruter yllanif nosimeJ .rD nehW .sproC ecaeP eht htiw rotcod a sa acirfA tseW ni sraey eerht tneps ehS .dnaliahT ni pmac eegufer a ④ ni dekrow neht ,spirt yduts no ayneK dna abuC ot tnew ehs ,tneduts lacidem a llits elihW .rotcod a emoceb ot dediced ehs ,srehto pleh oT .ytisrevinU drofnatS ta yrotsih dna erutluc naciremA — nacirfA dna gnireenigne lacimehc deiduts ehs ,ogacihC ni desiar tub ,amabalA ni nroB .elpoep rehto pleh ot erised gnorts a dah osla ehS .doohdlihc morf reh detanicsaf—ymonortsa yllaicepse— ecneicS ?nosrep laiceps a hcus emoceb ot pu worg nosimeJ eaM did woH ”.sklaw ecaps ro ,seitivitca ralucihev-artxe sdaolyap eht hcnual pleh ot ,tibro otni od ot osla dna ,setilletas ro ③ teg uoy ecno stnemirepxe eht od ot ,setarepo ti woh dna elttuhs eht htiw railimaf eb ot era ytilibisnopser“ reh taht syas nosimeJ tuanortsa ,noissim 1991 eht nO .knat ytivargitna eguh a ni sklaw sselthgiew dna snossel lavivrus-retaw sedulcni taht margorp gniniart raey-eno a etelpmoc tsum yehT .llat sehcni ruof teef xis dna teef evif neewteb dnats tsum yehT .thgiseye doog dna erusserp doolb lamron htiw yhtlaeh dna tif eb tsum yehT .eerged ecneics evah tsum setadidnac tuanortsA .margorp gniniart tuanortsa s’ASAN rof detceles saw ehs nehw eerht-ytriht saw nosimeJ eaM .tcejorp hcraeser naciremA — esenapaJ tnioj a ,J — balecapS no tsilaiceps a sa evres ot si ehS .2991 rebmetpeS ni ”ylf“ ot deludehcs si nosimeJ , )ASAN( noitartsinimdA ② ecapS dna scituanoreA lanoitaN eht ta gniniart-ni-tuanortsa elamef naciremA-nacirfA tsrif ehT .7891 ecnis rof gnikrow dna gnitiaw neeb sah nosimeJ eaM tnemom eht si sihT .esir ot snigeb tekcor ruoy dna ,og tel smsinahcem gnikcod eht sa hcrul a leef ① uoY .senigne eguh eht ni setingi leuf tekcor sa trats elbmur peed a ,uoy htaeneb ,nehT ”,eno ,owt ,eerhT ”,ylwols nwod gnitnuoc temleh ruoy edisni enohprae eht no eciov a raeh uoy sa tnemeticxe htiw gnitaeb traeh ruoy leef uoY .uoy fo tnorf ni tneb seenk ruoy htiw ,riahc a otni depparts ,kcab ruoy no gniyl era uoy enigamI nosimeJ eaM .1

科技英语阅读试题及答案

科技英语阅读试题及答案一、阅读理解阅读下面的文章，然后回答1-5题。

A New Era in Space ExplorationThe exploration of space has always been a fascinating endeavor for humanity. With the recent advancements in technology, we are now entering a new era of space exploration. Private companies are taking the lead, and the cost of launching satellites and sending payloads into space has significantly decreased. This has opened up opportunities for a wider range of scientific research and commercial applications.1. What is the main theme of the passage?A. The cost of space explorationB. The role of private companies in space explorationC. The history of space explorationD. The new era of space exploration2. According to the passage, what has changed in the field of space exploration?A. The number of countries involvedB. The type of technology usedC. The leadership of government agenciesD. The cost and accessibility3. What does the author suggest about the future of space exploration?A. It will be limited to government projectsB. It will be more expensiveC. It will involve more scientific research and commercial applicationsD. It will be less technologically advanced4. What is the significance of the phrase "taking the lead"in the context of the passage?A. It refers to the government's role in space explorationB. It indicates that private companies are now leading the wayC. It suggests that the cost of space exploration is increasingD. It implies that technology is becoming less important5. What can be inferred from the passage about the impact of the new era of space exploration?A. It will lead to a decrease in scientific researchB. It will result in fewer commercial applicationsC. It will make space exploration more accessibleD. It will limit the opportunities for technological advancements答案：1. D2. D3. C4. B5. C二、词汇理解Read the following sentences and choose the best word to fill in the blanks.6. The development of new materials has _______ theefficiency of many electronic devices.A. enhancedB. reducedC. maintainedD. limited7. Scientists are constantly _______ new methods to study the universe.A. discoveringB. forgettingC. ignoringD. dismissing8. The use of renewable energy sources has _______ the reliance on fossil fuels.A. increasedB. decreasedC. stabilizedD. intensified9. The _______ of artificial intelligence in various fields has revolutionized the way we work and live.A. integrationB. disintegrationC. limitationD. prohibition10. The _______ of the project was delayed due to unexpected technical issues.A. implementationB. terminationC. initiationD. culmination答案：6. A7. A8. B9. A10. A三、完形填空Read the following passage and fill in the blanks with the most suitable word from the options provided.In recent years, the field of robotics has seen a remarkable _______ (11) in its capabilities. This is largely due to the _______ (12) of advanced sensors and artificial intelligence. Robots are now capable of performing complex tasks that were once thought to be the exclusive domain of humans. However, there are concerns about the _______ (13) of job displacementas robots become more proficient.11. A. increaseB. decreaseC. stagnationD. fluctuation12. A. integrationB. exclusionC. obsolescenceD. abandonment13. A. possibilityB. impossibilityC. inevitabilityD. uncertainty答案：11. A12. A13. A四、翻译Translate the following sentences from English to Chinese.14. The breakthrough in nanotechnology has paved the way for the development of new medical treatments.15. The application of blockchain technology is not limitedto financial services; it has the potential to transform various industries.答案：14. 纳米技术的重大突破为新医疗方法的发展铺平了道路。

高考英语阅读理解复习-科技类20篇(含解析)

科技类词汇对应阅读passage1A snake﹣robot designer，a technologist，an extradimensional physicist and a journalist walk into a room.The journalist turns to the crowd and asks：Should we build houses on the ocean？Like a think﹣tank panel，members of the team dream up far﹣out answers to the crucial problem，such as self﹣driving housing units that could park on top of one another in the coastal city center.The setting is X，the enterprise which considers more than100ideas each year，in areas ranging from clean energy to artificial intelligence.Although only a tiny percentage become"projects"with far﹣reaching creativity，these projects exist，ultimately，to change the world，like Waymo，the biggest self﹣driving﹣car company.In the past60years，something strange has happened.As the academic study of creativity has thrived （蓬勃发展），the label innovation may have covered every tiny change of a soda can or a toothpaste flavor，but the rate of productivity growth has been mostly declining since the1970s.John Fernald，an economist，points out that the notable exception to the post﹣1970decline in productivity occurred when businesses throughout the economy finally figured out the breakthrough technology﹣information technology.John Fernald says，"It's possible that productivity took off，because we picked all the low﹣hanging fruit from the IT wave."Actually，the world economy continues to harvest the benefits of IT.But where will the next technology shock come from？Breakthrough technology results from two distinct activities﹣invention and innovation.Invention is typically the work of scientists and researchers in labs，while innovation is an invention put to commercial use.Seldom do the two activities occur successfully under the same roof.They tend to thrive in opposite conditions；while competition and consumer choice encourage innovation，invention has historically progressed in labs that are protected from the pressure to generate profit.Allowing well﹣funded and diverse teams to try to solve big problems is what gave us the computer and the Internet.Today，we fail to give attention to planting the seeds of this kind of ambitious research，while complaining about the harvest."Companies are really good at combining existing breakthroughs in ways that consumers like.But the breakthroughs come from patient and curious scientists，not the rush to market，"says Jon Gertner，the author of The Idea Factory."Technology is a tall tree，"John Fernald said."But planting the seeds of invention and harvesting the fruit of innovation are entirely distinct skills，often mastered by different organizations and separated by manyyears."As for me，both of them are essential for technology，although they are relatively independent.I don't think X is a planter or a harvester，actually.It is like building taller ladders.Nobody knows for sure what，if anything，the employees at such enterprises are going to find up on those ladders.But they're reaching.At least someone is.（1）What is the main purpose of the first two paragraphs？A．To present the process of group discussion.B．To illustrate X's worry about big problems.C．To reveal the importance of the crazy ideas.D．To stress the varied backgrounds of the team.（2）What can we learn from the passage？A．Breakthroughs must stand the test of the market.B．Innovation on necessities can promote productivity.C．Invention develops slowly under the pressure of profit.D．The harvest of innovation lies in some ambitious research.（3）Regarding John Fernald's view on technology，the author is.A．supportiveB．cautiousC．uncertainD．critical（4）What can be inferred about X from the passage？A．It will focus on innovation.B．It will have its outcome soon.C．It may give in to its fruitless reality.D．It may bring an encouraging outlook.【分析】这是一篇说明文。

英语科普阅读材料双语——科技4篇

英语科普阅读材料双语——科技4篇（一）我们如何在28小时内到达火星？ (1)（二）饮水鸟蕴含的工程学原理 (9)（三）人们是否应该接受人造肉 (29)（四）为什么当代手机电池还是这么不经用 (40)（一）我们如何在28小时内到达火星？How Could We Get To Mars In Only 28 Hours?Everyone always wants to get to Mars.每个人都总是渴望去火星Unfortunately, the journey would be a long one,不幸的是依靠我们目前的技术taking hundreds of days of travel with our current technology.这趟旅途将会十分漫长长达几百天Well, what if we could shorten that time to only a matter of days试想如果我们不使用宇宙飞船by throwing away our spaceships而是用一些在太空中急速穿梭的东西and using something that’s already zooming acr oss space?这趟旅程可以缩短到几天？I’m talking about comets.我说的是彗星Comets are big ol’ cosmic snowballs,彗星是一个由冻结气体岩石和尘埃made from frozen gases, rock, and dust组成的巨大雪球that end up orbiting the Sun after the other planets当其他行星试图把彗星扔向地球tried throwing them at Earth and missed.但没成功时它们便围绕地球飞行Well, that last part probably isn’t true.当然最后那部分可能是假的Everyone knows that the planets only have water gun battles.我们都知道行星上只有水枪之战Not to mention, comets can actually be pretty big.更不必说彗星实际上可能非常大Frozen, you could probably liken them to about the size of a small town.这些雪球你可以把它们比做一个小镇那么大However, when these things get close to the Sun in their orbit,然而它们在自己的轨道环形并接近太阳时they can begin to heat up.会逐渐变热Then they start spewing dust and gases,接着喷涌出尘埃和气体forming a giant glowing head.形成一个巨大的发光脑袋Huh. I thought only I had that problem.哈我认为只有我有这个顾虑Luckily enough, if we want to use one of these things for stellar travel,幸运的是如果我们想用其中一个彗星进行星际旅行we have quite a few to choose from!我们的选择有很多！According to NASA,根据美国航天局there are around 3,600 comets that we currently know of.我们目前已知的彗星约有3600颗Beyond that, it’s believed that there are billions of other comets out there此外据说在遥远的柯伊伯带还有数十亿颗彗星orbiting our Sun in the Kuiper Belt and even more distant Oort Cloud. 甚至是更远的奥尔特云围绕着太阳运行的What makes comets great for getting around in space彗星能够穿梭星际is that they can go SUPER fast.是因为其速度极快Yeah, this baby can fly!是的这小东西会飞！How fast they’re travelling depends on a bunch of different factors,它们的速度取决于多种不同因素but they can travel anywhere from a few thousand kilometers per hour,但在一定条件下它们的速度可以从时速几千公里to over 160,000 kilometers per hour under certain conditions.达到每小时超16万公里在任何地方飞行In fact, in 2016, scientists at NASA recorded2016年美国航天局的科学家们记录了a comet traveling at nearly 600 kilometers per second as it dove toward the Sun.一颗秒速六百公里驶向太阳的彗星That’s over 2 /million/ kilometers per hour!那超过了两百万公里每小时！To put that in perspective,就此展望if we could travel at 2 million kilometers per hour,如果我们能以每小时两百万公里的速度飞行then wecould get to Mars from Earth in around 28 hours,我们可以在一天多的时间里just little more than a single day,约28小时就可以完成火星之旅assuming the two planets were close together in their orbits. 假设轨道上有两颗行星距离很近Lining up the planets is the least of our worries though.我们可以在可控范围内排列行星While comets can go super fast,彗星的速度超快getting to them would be a big problem.登上彗星仍会是一大问题That’s because, not even considering how hard it would be to actually commandeer one,因为我们甚至没有考虑控制一个彗星有多难comets just don’t typically get that close to Earth.彗星一般离地球很远Hale-Bopp, a comet that made the news about two decades ago, 大概二十年前新闻上报道了海尔-波普彗星came closer to Earth than most comets do,它比大多彗星更靠近地球and it was still about 200 million kilometers away.但还是有约两百万公里的距离We might as well just go straight to Mars at that point!照那样我们还不如直接去火星吧！Even if a comet did come by Earth,即使彗星确实经过地球we assume that its trajectory is towards Mars,我们也断定它的轨道是朝着火星的and we ignore that it would likely be in its more gassy, less-solid state,并且我们忽略了它可能更多的是气体而非固态物质you’d still have to keep yourself alive on the comet.你还要在彗星上生存下去I guess if it’s only a day or so then food and water would be less of an issue我猜如果只是一天左右那食物和水就不是问题了since the aliens would definitely feed you once we got there,因为一旦我们到了那里外星人肯定会伺候我们的but you’d still have to worry about oxygen and protecting your self from space.但你仍要担心氧气并且保护自己远离太空You would need about 0.84 kilograms of oxygen a day,你每天约需0.84公斤的氧气so you better grab a spacesuit and take a big breath before jumping on the comet.所以跳上彗星前你最好穿上宇航服深吸一口气So yeah, using comets as a means of space travel is probably not that viable in the end.所以利用彗星进行太空旅行或许并不可行Sometimes I like doing these thought experiments, you know,有时我喜欢做这些思维实验and then realizing that they can’t work.然后意识到不可能实现But it’s still interesting!仍然它仍很有趣！That’s how we learn people!这也是咱认识人类的方法！So do you have any questions about space that you want me to answer.你有关于太空的疑问想要我解答？Any planets that we should cover next?接下来我们要讲哪些行星？Let me know right now in the comment section below!请立刻在下方评论区告诉我吧！Curious to know what would happen if you were trapped on the international space station?我很好奇如果你被困在国际空间站会发生什么？We teamed up with our friend William Osman to answer that question.我们会与我们的朋友William Osman一起为你解答ISS actually gets its power from solar arrays made up of thousands of solar cells.国际空间站的能量来自上万个太阳能电池组成的阵列These arrays can efficiently covert solar energy into electrical power. 这些阵列可以有效地将太阳能转换成电能Typically producing more power than the station needs at one time. 通常在同一时间产生超出所需的电力（二）饮水鸟蕴含的工程学原理The Engineering of the Drinking BirdThis toy has fascinated me since childhood.我从小就对这个玩具着迷To me its motion is almost hypnotic.对我来说它的运动就像是催眠Here’s how it operates.它是这样运转的Wet the bird beak thoroughly with room temperature water.将鸟喙完全浸透在室温的水中The opaque container makes it looked chilled,不透明容器使它看起来冷淬了but it isn’t…其实并没有Then stand it upright…然后让它直立It will take a few seconds for it to start drinking…它要等几秒钟后才开始喝水Notice that all of the action right now takes place in the stem here 注意现在所有的运动都发生在躯干这里As l speed up the action当我快进这个过程you see liquid rising and the bird rocking back and forth.可以看见液面上升饮水鸟开始前后摇摆If I return to normal speed,如果调回常速播放you can see the bird slowly …可以看到饮水鸟慢慢地very, very slowly ….非常非常慢地Rock forward…向前摆动Until it takes a drink,直到它喝到了水which it will do again and again.然后一遍又一遍地重复此过程In this video I’ll detail the bird’s clever engineering design,在本视频中我将详述这只鸟精妙的工程设计explain how it uses thermodynamics,阐明它是如何运用热力学知识and link its action to some of the greatest将其运动与一些工程师创造的and most impactful devices created by engineers.伟大且影响深远的装置联系起来的This toy has long history,这个玩历史悠久but its current incarnation is due to Miles V. Sullivan—它的当前形态是由贝尔实验室一名科学家a scientist at Bell Labs.Miles V. Sullivan创造的He specialized in methods of manufacturing semiconductors,他专精于研究制造半导体的方法but as a sideline invented toys.发明玩具是他的副业Its reported that this bird delighted U.S. President Herbert Hoover,据说这只饮水鸟深得美国总统赫伯特·胡佛喜爱an engineer who failed to figure out how it worked,作为一名工程师他没搞懂它的工作原理and it also defeated the great scientist Albert Einstein,而且它还难倒了伟大的科学家艾尔伯特·爱因斯坦who spent three and half months studying it.爱因斯坦花了三个半月来研究它It’s reported that he refused to take the bird apart.据报道他拒绝把这只鸟拆开With the benefit of hindsight,有了后见之明let’s start by exploring how it works让我们从探索它的工作原理and examining the key engineering design aspects.以及检查关键的工程设计方面开始First, let’s ask is the water ornamental or essential?首先要问的是水是装饰品还是必需品？At first the bird acts just as if the water were still there.最初饮水鸟的行为好像水还在那里一样Now let’s speed up the bird’s motion我们快进饮水鸟的动作you see at 15 minutes it is still drinking.可以看见过了15分钟它仍在喝水At 30 still drinking.30分钟还在喝水45 minutes still drinking.45分钟依然还在喝水60 minutes still drinking.60分钟还在喝水75 minutes still drinking.75分钟仍然还在喝水And five or ten minutes later,又过了5到10分钟后at eighty or eight-five minutes it takes its last drink.约在80到85分钟它喝了最后一次水The liquid still rises a bit,虽然液面上升了一点but it never rises enough to make the bird tip over,但它从没上升到足够使鸟翻倒的高度which shows that the motion is not perpetual说明这个运动不是永恒的—as long as there is water, the bird keeps drinking.只要有水鸟就一直喝水Let’s look inside the bird来看看饮水鸟的内部to get an idea of how it works.了解它的工作原理Underneath the bird’s hat, beak and fabric covering lies a glass bulb 在鸟帽鸟嘴和织物覆盖物下面有一个玻璃泡smaller than the bulb at the base, and also rounder.它比底部的玻璃泡小也更圆Now, watch as I put a few drops of isopropyl alcohol on the bulb to cool it.现在我滴几滴异丙醇在玻璃泡上使它降温The liquid rapidly rises to the head,里面的液体快速上升到头部this changes the bird’s center of gravity这改变了饮水鸟的重心so that it will tilt forward.使它向前倾斜The head now fills with liquid and then …现在头部充满了液体接下来……there…你看…it …drinks.它喝水了It becomes upright and the liquid drains from the head.它直立后液体从头部排出Liquid rises again to the head and…液体再一次上升到头部……the bird drinks again.饮水鸟再一次喝水This cycle repeats until all of the isopropyl alcohol on the bird ’s head evaporates.这个过程循环往复直到鸟头上的异丙醇都蒸发掉Why does the liquid rise?为什么液面会上升呢？The place to begin is with the bird’s manufacture.我们从饮水鸟的制造说起The bird is filled through this “tap ”—a small pipe built into the head —通过装在头部里的小管子即龙头with methylene chloride dyed red, which is then frozen,向鸟内装入冷冻的染成红色的二氯甲烷a vacuum applied to evacuate the air,抽走空气形成真空the tap sealed ( and of course, later hidden by the bird’s hat )…把龙头密封(当然后来被鸟帽盖住了)And then the methylene chloride melts:之后二氯甲烷融化It turns to liquid and then some of it evaporates（turns into vapor）.转变为液态其中部分二氯甲烷蒸发(变成蒸汽)The key to the bird’s operation is饮水鸟运转的关键就在于that the vapor in the head and in the base are separated by the liquid in the base.头部和底部的气体被底部的液体所隔离It’s hard to see,这很难看清楚but the tube extends into the base, nearly reaching the bottom.不过管子延伸到底部几乎接触到底面This separates the vapor in base and the vapor in the tube使得底部和管中的气体隔离……and …of course, the head.当然还有头部的气体So, at rest the pressure in these two spaces are equal,在静止状态这两个空间的压强相等but when the bird’s beak is wet,但当鸟喙湿润时the temperature falls鸟喙温度下降and as I’ll explain in a moment the pressure in the head drops头部的压强下降这个我稍后会解释below that in the base and the liquid rises.降到低于底部的压强然后液面上升Of course this liquid in the head causes the bird to…tilt forward, to drink …自然头部的液体导致饮水鸟向前倾斜喝水and when it drinks,当它喝水时the vapor in the head and the base are connected,头部和底部的蒸汽连通the pressures is nearly equalize两端压强几乎相等—a slug of vapor rises to the top and some liquid drains from the head一股蒸汽上升到头部迫使部分液体流出and then the cycle repeats.然后循环重复To see the pressure equalize为了看到压强平衡过程l will slow down the bird as I tilt it forward.我会慢一点倾斜饮水鸟Right now the head is half full.现在头部已经半满了When I tilt it you see a slug of vapor go from bottom to top.当它倾斜时可以看见一股蒸汽从底部升到顶部I’ve tilted it far enough forward我把它倾斜得够多that the liquid in the head is below the top of the tube以至于头部的液面低于管子的顶端and the liquid in the base is below the section of the tube that almost reaches the bottom of the bird.同时底部液面也低于几乎触底的管子底端This allows the pressure to equalize,这样头部和底部的压强相等and as the bird becomes upright而当饮水鸟站起来时the liquid returns to the base before the cycle starts again.液体会在下一次循环开始之前返回到底部In operation it doesn’t tilt quite this far forward实际运转时它不会向前倾斜这么多and so the pressures don’t fully equalize.因此压强不会完全平衡Why, though, does the pressure in the head drop as the temperature falls?那么头部压强为何会随着温度下降而下降呢？You can see the answer if I shoot cool, compressed gas across the bird’s head.你看我向头部射低温压缩气体就知道答案了As the cool gas strikes,遇到低温气体时you see liquid condensing inside the head;头部内壁出现了冷凝的液体and, as you see on the left,正如你在左图看到的this causes the liquid in the base to rise.这导致底部的液面上升The cool gas withdraws energy as heat from the head,低温气体带走头部的热量causing some of the methylene chloride vapor inside to condense –to turn into a liquid.导致头部部分二氯甲烷气体冷凝成液体This decreases dramatically the amount of vapor in the head.这大大减少了头部的气体体积Liquid is 1,000 times more dense than vapor.液体的密度是气体的1000倍This in turn lowers the pressure in the head and causes the liquid to rise.结果降低了头部的压强使液面上升I used compressed gas to cool the head我用压缩气体给头部降温because I can control the amount of cooling;因为我可以控制降温的程度the bird, though, cools its head by “drinking.”然而饮水鸟通过喝水来降温The head is wrapped in fabric that absorbs water.其头部包裹在吸水的织物中As I put drops on its beak当我把水滴在鸟喙上you can see the water beads up at first…一开始你可以看到水珠……and then saturates the fabric and spreads rapidly across the bird’s face.然后水珠浸透织物并迅速扩散到鸟的整个面部On the right side you can see it creeping to back of the head.从右边看可以看到水渍浸到了后脑勺If I now turn the bird around,如果我现在把鸟转过来you can see that the water has spread to the back.可以看到水已经蔓延到后面As I continue adding drops on the beak如果我继续往鸟喙上滴水the saturated area on the back increases.头背处渗水区域扩大When this water evaporates into the air, it removes energy from the bulb as heat当水蒸发到空气中带走了头部的热量you feel this effect every time you step out of the shower,每次你洗完澡都会有这种感受the evaporating water withdraws energy as heat and chills you.蒸发的水带走热量让你感到冷飕飕的This evaporation, this withdrawal of heat, lowers the temperature 蒸发吸热降低了头部的温度and begins the condensation of the vapor, which starts the cycle 蒸汽冷凝启动循环as I showed you with the cool, compressed gas.就像我之前用低温压缩气体做的演示一样As long as the head is wet and heat is withdrawn from it,只要头部保持潮湿而且有热量带走the bird will always “drink, ”饮水鸟将一直“喝水”but if you were to operate the bird in humid air,但如果你把饮水鸟放在潮湿的环境it would slow down, because little water would evaporate,它就会减速喝水因为很少有水分蒸发and if the air were at 100 % humidity the bird would stop如果空气湿度是100% 饮水鸟将停止喝水because no water would evaporate at all.因为根本没有水蒸发Now, to make this dramatic condensation happen现在为了达到明显的冷凝效果when the temperature is lowered just slightly当温度只稍微降低时the evaporating water lowers the temperature by only about three-tenths of a degree水的蒸发只降低了0.3 度the bird’s designer choose a highly volatile liquid.饮水鸟的设计者选择了一种极易挥发的液体This means one whose boiling point is near ambient temperature这就需要这种液体的沸点接近室温because for small changes in temperature因为即使温度轻微变化there is a large change from vapor to liquid从气态至液态的变化也是巨大的and so the variation of pressure is large.从而引起压强的巨大变化Watch what happens as I “heat ”the base of the bird with my hand.观察我用手加热饮水鸟的底部时会怎么样You see the liquid level in the base dropping,可以看到底部的液面在下降that’s because energy from my hand is converting some of the liquid into vapor,这是由于手的热量使部分液体转化成气体which increases the pressure in this region…增大了这个区域的压强and that causes the liquid to rise to the head.从而使液体上升到头部Eventually I heat the vapor so much that it shoots up the stem.最终我把蒸汽加热到从管子中冒出来Now watch as I place my hand around the head.现在看我把手放在头部Heat from my hand converts liquid to vapor,手上的热量将液体转化为蒸汽which increases the pressure从而增大了压强and forces the liquid back to the base.并迫使液体回到底部To test this explanation of the bird’s operation,为了验证这个饮水鸟运转的解释let’s activate the bird in different ways.让我们用不同方式来触发饮水鸟As I noted it is the temperature difference between its top and bottom我说过是它顶部和底部的温差that drives liquid to rise to the head.驱使液体上升至头部So, let’s see what happens if I point a light at the base of the bird,那么我们看看对底部进行光照会怎么样which I’ve painted black我把饮水鸟的底部涂成了黑色so it will absorb the energy from the light better.这样它能更好地吸收光能As I heat the base of the bird,当我给饮水鸟底部加热时the liquid rises, as before but …液体像之前一样上升但是……五倍速播放the bird tips backwards.饮水鸟向后倾斜The wet nose tilted the center of gravity……湿润的鼻子倾斜了饮水鸟的重心……and so I added some modelling clay to the nose于是我在鸟鼻子上加了些粘土to get the bird to tilt forward.好让鸟向前倾斜And now when I turn on the light the liquid rises,现在当我打开灯光液体上升the birds drinks as if there were liquid in front of it until…鸟儿就像面前有水一样喝水直到……I turn the light off我把灯关掉and the bird drinks for a little bit longer until eventually…这只鸟再坚持了一会儿直到最终……it comes to rest.它停了下来Next, let’s see what happens if we use this: Whiskey.接下来让我们看看用这个会怎么样：威士忌Again, thoroughly wet the bird’s beak with the liquid…再次用液体浸润鸟喙……stand it upright …让它直立……and then we see again the liquid rising in the bird …然后我们又看到饮水鸟体内的液面上升and then …it drinks.然后……它在喝水We can also now understand why the bird’s rate of drinking differs 我们现在也能理解在三种不同的刺激下among the three methods I used to “activate ”the bird:为什么饮水鸟的喝水频率不同了a heat lamp, whiskey and water.加热灯威士忌和水三种刺激Roughly, heat bird takes three drinks for every one of the water bird,大致上饮水鸟每喝一次水受热鸟喝三次the whiskey bird takes two for every drink of the water bird.而饮水鸟每喝一次饮酒鸟喝两次The reason the bird drinks whiskey faster than water is之所以饮酒鸟比饮水鸟快because the rate of evaporation of the alcohol is greater than that of water.是因为相对于水酒精更易挥发This means that heat is withdrawn faster from the head也就是说头部的热量散失更快and so more vapor condenses in a shorter amount of time,短时间内冷凝的蒸气更多which accelerates the pressure difference.从而加速扩大压差The heat lamp causes the greatest difference of all,加热灯导致的压差最大which highlights how an engineer thinks about this bird.这重点表明了工程师对饮水鸟的想法To an engineer this bird is a heat engine.对工程师来说饮水鸟是一个热机A heat engine turns heat differences into work —mechanical motion.热机将热能转化为功——机械运动To see that recall that when the bird is just about to drink回想一下当鸟正要喝水时that its head is at a lower temperature than its base,它的头部温度比底部的低which is at ambient temperature.底部温度就是环境温度Then when it “drinks ”, the pressure in the head and base start to equalize,当它“喝水”时头部和底部的压强开始平衡so liquid returns to the base,于是液体回到底部but the overall temperature of the bird但是现在饮水鸟的整体温度is now just a little below ambient temperature.只是稍低于环境温度When it return to upright, the base draws in energy as heat…当它恢复直立时底部吸热……the head then rejects some energy as heat头部放热and the bird drinks again.然后饮水鸟再次喝水These two flows define a heat engine:这种热传递定义了热机：a device, operating in a cycle一种循环运行的装置that absorbs heat from a high temperature reservoir,从高温热源处吸热converts part of it into work,将部分热能转化为功and rejects the remainder into a low temperature reservoir.向低温热源放热The fact that this is a heat engine饮水鸟就是热机这一事实means it’s related to the great machines that make our globalized world happen:表明它跟实现全球化的许多伟大机器有关among those the mighty steam turbine that generates electricity,其中有能发电的大型蒸汽轮机the giant diesel engine that propels container ships across the oceans,推动货轮穿越海洋的大型柴油机and the great gas turbine that flies us around the globe.还有让我们飞遍全球的燃气轮机（三）人们是否应该接受人造肉Lab-Grown Meat Is Coming to Your Supermarket. Ranchers Are Fighting Back.Would you eat a hamburger or a chicken nugget你会吃在实验室生长的肉made of meat grown in a laboratory?所制的汉堡或鸡块吗？Joshua Tetrick, co-founder and CEO of JUST is betting that you will. JUST的合伙人兼CEO Joshua Tetrick断言你会吃In tomorrow’s world, you can eat more meat,在将来你能在不吃动物的情况下hopefully safer meat, even better tasting meat, without eating the animal.吃到更多的肉很可能是更安全甚至更好吃的肉JUST which is based in San Francisco,JUST公司位于美国旧金山has been producing and selling2013年起就生产销售non animal versions of food like mayonnaise since 2013各种无动物食品and it’s raised more than 310 million dollars in venture capital.并筹集到超过3.1亿美元的风险投资基金Tetrick and his team have created products like JUST Mayo Tetrick及其团队通过寻找鸡蛋等常见动物产品的植物替代品by identifying plant based alternatives to common animal products like eggs.创造了像JUST Mayo这样的产品We’re one part pharma,我们公司有医药部one part bio-tech and a whole bunch of regular food company.有生物技术部总得来说是一个常规的食品公司We built a discovery system that我们创建的搜索系统has the only patent of the world拥有世界上唯一能够that utilizes machine learning for food ingredient discovery利用机器学习如何搜索食物组成的专利and it helped us find this mung bean该系统还帮我们找到了that when you put it in a pan scrambles一种放入平底锅时变得蓬松的绿豆and that process broken down means that这一过程的突破意味着we source from over 51 countries in the world,我们的原料来自超过世界上51个国家we look at about 21 different molecular properties,我们要研究大约21种不同分子的性能we look at how that bean functions,研究这种绿豆的作用does it bake a cake, does it gel in a pan看它能否用来烤蛋糕是否会粘在平底锅上and then we see if it makes ice cream or butter or scrambled eggs. 以及能否用来做冰淇淋黄油或炒鸡蛋Our process of finding these new tools is high tech,这些新工具的开发过程技术含量高but what we find is not high tech at all.但开发结果却简单的很The mung bean has been in the world’s food system for 4400 years.早在4400年前绿豆就已经被当做食物了I sure as hell didn’t invent the mung bean.我很肯定绿豆不是我发明的JUST is one of the handful of tech companies workingJUST只是众多致力于to disrupt the meat production industry.颠覆肉类供应行业的高科技公司之一While many of its competitors are pursuing better plant based meat substitutes,正当其他竞争者还在寻找更好的以植物为基础的肉类替代品时JUST is pushing ahead with so called clean meatJUST已经开始推进所谓的瘦肉or lab grown animal tissue that requires no farming,和无需农场养殖无需喂养牲畜且无需屠宰场no feeding of livestock and no slaughterhouses.的实验室生长的动物组织Only a single sample from a single animal duplicated endlessly.只需要动物身上的一个样本就可以无限克隆JUST and companies like it are poised toJUST和其他同类公司准备disrupt the entire livestock industry but颠覆整个畜牧业the established players are turning to the government to protect their turf.但是现有的畜牧公司正在向政府寻求庇护The United States Cattlemen’s Association, which declined to participate in this story,美国牧民协会拒绝受访submitted a petition still under consideration by the United States Department of并向美国农业部递交了请愿书目前正在受理中Agriculture asking that the words meat and beef exclude any products他们请求肉和牛肉这样的词汇不得用于that are ‘neither derived from animals, nor slaughtered in the traditional manner.’任何既不来自动物也不经传统方法宰杀的肉类产品The power of the terms is a lot more powerful than people think, 这些术语的影响力远比人们想象的要大especially in food尤其是在食品行业Imagine Tesla launches a pickup truck,想象一下如果特斯拉推出了一辆小货车but US Department of Transportation says然后美国交通部门说-Hold up, Tesla, y ou can’t call it a pickup truck.-等等特斯拉你不能把它称作小货车You have to call it electric mobility transport unit.你必须叫它“电动交通装置”That’s not winning in Alabama, even though it might be fast,这在阿拉巴马州行不通即使它可能很快even though it might have an amazing amount of horsepower,马力也超级大because a car is identity, but food’s identity even more.因为车有它的定义而食物的定义则更复杂JUST is also looking to transcend the vegan vs carnivore paradigm. JUST也在试图寻找一种超越纯素食主义者和肉食主义者的范式来界定We don’t allow the term vegan to be used in our company.我们公司不允许使用“纯素食主义者”这个词Not because we don’t believe in the spiri of it,并不是因为我们不相信素食主义精神that word ends up turning off 99% of people.而是这个词会令99%的人反感The food system needs to start over,食物体系需要革新了little girls in the second row of a class in Liberia aren’t ge tting proper nutrients,在利比里亚教室里第二排的女孩们营养不良a young boy growing up in Birmingham Alabama is阿拉巴马州伯明翰的一个男孩accelerating a path to Type 2 diabetes,患2型糖尿病的速度加快了animals are being confined in needless ways,动物们受到了一些不必要的限制it’s contributing to climate change,这加剧了气候变化and I think if we can think differently about the food system而且我觉得如果我们对食物系统换种思维while also realizing that we can’t be so new and so out there同时认识到我们不能太新奇太超前that it doesn’t relate to the everyday human being,以至和百姓的寻常生活脱节we can do a whole lot of good.我们就可以造福大家And that’s what I want to do.而这就是我想要做的This isn’t Tetrick’s first fight with entrenched food interests.。

科技英语阅读李健答案

科技英语阅读李健答案【篇一：科技英语阅读(李健版)翻译u3】物的适应性植物为了生存也必须像人类和动物一样适应周边的环境。

生存就意味着竞争，我们很难想象植物之间的竞争，但它往往又存在的。

首先，不同的植物之间会争夺阳光、空气、土壤和水。

其次，植物也会与那些吃它或者威胁到它生存环境的人类和动物竞争。

再次，植物所处的环境也可能也是有敌对性的或者不利于植物生长的。

怎样才能有足够的阳光、水分、空气和土壤？气温的冷热就是植物生长的主要因素吗？光对于植物来说是最基本的，尤其是对于绿色植物来说。

绿色植物在光下能制造养分——这是一种被称为光合作用的过程，而光也能影响水分蒸发的速率和花的形成。

温度也是必须考虑的因素。

对于大多数植物来说，所处的温度低于一度或者高于四十三度都将对其造成严重的损伤甚至死亡。

而温度也直接影响了种子的萌芽以及开花，当然温度也决定了它们的地理分布。

没有水植物也是无法生存的。

有些植物的生长过程需要大量的水分，因此潮湿的空气、大量的降水以及溪流湖泊和湿润的土壤对于植物都是重要的。

大多数植物需要有足够空气。

大气中所包含的一些必要的气体包括：氧气、二氧化碳、水蒸气和氮气。

空气移动所产生的风对于植物也有很大影响。

风有助于传播花粉、孢子和种子从而将它们播种在各种地方，但强风也有可能折断或者损害植物，尤其是大树。

而大风吹走了一些有养分的土壤，也会加快水分的蒸发甚至使植物缺水。

土壤对于陆生植物来说是必不可少的。

大部分植物生长在自然土壤里：其中包含着它的湿度、酸度、矿物成分、含氧量。

植物生长也会受到其他竞争生物的影响。

它必须能适应寄生菌、饥饿的鸟类、牛羊等食用叶子的动物，但植物也需要动物帮助传播花粉以及播洒种子。

有树叶和枝干的树以及灌木向我们展示了它们的适应性，这也告诉了我们植物是怎样获得最大量的光和空气的。

和那些山毛榉树、榆树、橡树、苹果树和栗子树一样，它们有一些芽最初是垂直生长的然而另一些却变成了水平生长。

为了能得到最多的阳光，一些垂直生长的枝芽会螺旋缠绕生长以至于不会遮挡到自己下边的叶子。

科技英语阅读与翻译全文

科技英语阅读与翻译全文Humanitarian Aid in SpaceSpace exploration technology will benefit developing countries in a variety of ways. Whether it's information about climate change or communication technologies that give remote areas access to the world outside, space science can come to the aid of vulnerable people in many countries.For the past two decades, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) has been sending humanitarian aid dispatched from its space platform. This ambitious project has proved successful, and it’s been praised for its achievements in various aspects.The two strategic areas set forth for JAXA’s humanitarian aid effort are science and education. JAXA’s donations of books and puzzle sets are enabling elementary and junior high school kids in India to study science and math. There are plans to utilize remote sensing data to map out natural resources in Nepalese countryside and expand education related to environmental issues in Vietnam. In addition the agency is sending educational videos to the island nation of Palau tobetter understand their own local wildlife.JAXA is considered to be a pioneer in this area since the launch of their humanitarian aid initiative in 1997. The organization strives to make use of space applications for social welfare and reduce disparities in the world through a number of practical endeavors. The effort currently has a global reach, with projects taking place in seven continent, from Latin America to Africa.JAXA’s humanitarian aid programs will continue to grow with better technology and increased resources. The ongoing work reinforces the concept that space science and technology have the potential to contribute to enhancing the lives of people on Earth.人道主义援助在太空太空探索技术将在各个方面受益于发展中国家。

科技英语阅读翻译

(1)He is best known for coining the term fractal to describe phenomena (such as? coastlines, snowflakes, mountains and trees) whose patterns repeat themselves at smaller and smaller scales.(2)To explain these puzzling findings, some scientists have revived an old idea of Einstein’ s that had been discarded as false: that the vacuum of space has energy in it that acts repulsively and accelerates the expansion of the universe.(3)New language that seemed to assert Facebook’ s “irrevocable” right to retain and use a member’ s personal information, even after the member had closed his or her Facebook account, deserved a little more editing.(4)The tenor of our time appears to regard history as having ended, with pronouncements from many techno-pundits claiming that the Internet is revolutionary and changes everything.(5)As a by-product of an industry that exists all over the world-the stalks that remain after grain has been harvested-straw also helpfully soaks up carbon from the atmosphere and locks it in, so long as it is not allowed to decompose.(1)The problem in the paradox, he reasoned, is that we are confusing a description of sets of numbers with a description of sets of sets of numbers.(2)Now the cosmological constant is one of the leading theories of why the universe is blowing up like a balloon at ever-increasing speed.(3)That’ s not because Facebook is hell-bent on stripping away privacy protections, but because the popularity of Facebook and other social networking sites has promoted the sharing of all things personal, dissolving the line that separates the private from the public.(4)Although it' s unclear if the capacity for remote operation will justify the QB' sUS$15,000 price tag, Anybots believes its technology will appeal to a new generation of workers who expect to be in contact at all times and in all places.(5 )As a by-product of an industry that exists all over the world-the stalks that remain after grain has been harvested-straw also helpfully soaks up carbon from the atmosphere and locks it in, so long as it is not allowed to decompose.皿Translate the following sentences into Chinese (20%)(2)But Russell ( and independently, Ernst Zermelo ) noticed that x = {a: a is not in a} leads toa contradiction in the same way as the description of the collection of barbers.(2)An analogy is the siren of an ambulance that changes pitch as it moves toward you, then passes you and heads the other way — its waves are first compressed, then stretched.(3)It’ s the older members——those who could join only after it opened membership in 2006 to workplace networks, then to anyone - who are adjusting to a new value system that prizes self-expression over reticence.(4 ) Although it' s unclear if the capacity for remote operation will justify the QB' s US$15,000 price tag, Anybots believes its technology will appeal to a new generation of workers who expect to be in contact at all times and in all places.(5)No matter how stylishly modern and environmentally friendly straw-bale house may look, however, you still want to know that it won' t get sopping wet in a thunderstorm or go up in a whoosh of flames if you knock over a candle.皿Translate the following sentences into Chinese (20%)(1) For example, we can describe the collection of numbers 4, 5 and 6 by saying that x is the collection of integers, represented by n, which are greater than 3 and less than 7.(2 ) Dark energy is the name given to an unexplained force that is drawing galaxies away from each other, against the pull of gravity, at an accelerated pace.(3 ) Among members, a Law of Amiable Inclusiveness seems to be revealing itself: over time,many are deciding that the easiest path is to routinely accept “friend requests” , completing a sequence begun when one member seeks to designate another as a Facebook friend.(4 ) The area between the QB' s head and base consists of a length of telescoping plastic that can be adjusted to let the QB stand as tall as 175 centimeters or as short as 81 centimeters.(5 ) After waiting another 45 minutes and finding that the panel still hadn' t failed, the team gave up and stopped the experiment, secure in the knowledge that the material had performed beyond the requirements of building regulations.Part III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese (20%)1.This system served as vehicle for the first formalizations of the foundations of mathematics; it is still used in some philosophical investigations and in branches of computer science.2.That’s not because Facebook is hell-bent on stripping away privacy protections, butbecause the popularity of Facebook and other social networking sites has promoted the sharing of all things personal, dissolving the line that separates the private from the public.3.No matter how stylishly modern and environmentally friendly straw-bale house maylook, however, you still want to know that it won't get sopping wet in athunderstorm or go up in a whoosh of flames if you knock over a candle.??4.The premise on which the technology is based is that genetic information, encoded byDNA and arranged in the form of genes, is a resource that can be manipulated invarious ways to achieve certain goals in both pure and applied science and medicine.5.Many people are working towards trying to make cities more sustainable. A sustainable city offers a good quality of life tocurrent residents but doesn’ t reduce the opportunities for futureresidents to enjoy.Part III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese (20%)1.This system served as vehicle for the first formalizations of the foundations of mathematics; it is still used in some philosophical investigations and in branches of computer science.2.Dark energy is the name given to an unexplained force that is drawing galaxies away from each other, against the pull of gravity, at an accelerated pace.3.When the distinction blurs between one’ s few close friends and the many who are not, it seems pointless to distinguish between private and public.???????????????????????????????????????????????? ??4.No matter how stylishly modern and environmentally friendly straw-bale house may look, however, you still want to know that it won't get sopping wet in a thunderstorm or go up in a whoosh of flames if you knock over a candle.5.? Engineers in the future will work at the extremes of very large and very smallsystems that require greater knowledge andcoordination of multidisciplinary and multi-scale engineering across greater distances and timeframesPart III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese (20%)1.To explain the puzzling findings, some scientists have received an old idea of Einstein’sthat had been discarded as false: that the vacuum of space has energy in it that acts repulsively and accelerates the expansion of the universe.2.Telecommuting workers and traveling executives alike could use QB( so namedbecause it is the next in line after the company’s prototype QA bot ) as a virtualextension of themselves, allowing them to attend meetings, tour facilities or perform walk-throughs of real estate properties, all while controlling the robot from acomputer keyboard.3.Research had developed to the point where progress was being hampered by technicalconstraints, as the elegant experiments that had helped to decipher the genetic code could not be extended to investigate the gene in more detail.4.The ideas that the state of the universe at one time determines the state at all othertimes, has been a central tenet of science, ever since Laplace’s time.5.Nuclear power’s prominence as a major energy source will continue over t he next several decades, according to new projections made by the International Atomic EnergyAgency (IAEA), which has just published a new report, Energy, Electricity and Nuclear Power for the period up to 2030.Part III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese (20%)1.For a smallish two-bed roomed house with one large open-plan kitchen/dinner, thatdoesn’t particularly cheap given that straw is supposed to be inexpensive, and you’d still have to buy the plot and dig the foundations.bined with advances in CAD systems, it will be possible for mechanical engineers tocollaborate in immersive interactive environments where they can designcollaboratively, test hypotheses, run models and simulations and observe theircreations in three dimensions much as an engineer can observe a car being built with their colleagues on the shop floor.3.Although it is unclear if the capacity for remote operation will justify the QB’sUS$15,000 price tag, Anybots believes itstechnology will appeal to a new generation of workers who expect to be in contact at all times and in all places,4.That’s not because Facebook is hell-bent on stripping away privacy protections, butbecause the popularity of Facebook and other social networking sites has promoted the sharing of all things personal, dissolving the line that separates the private from the public.5.Because gravity draws mass together, most experts expected to find that gravity had slowed down the universe’s rate of ballooning, or perhaps that the rate was staying about the same.Part III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese (20%)1.Dark energy is the name given to an unexplained force that is drawing galaxies awayfrom each other, against the pull of gravity, at an accelerated pace. Dark energy is a bit like anti-gravity. Where gravity pulls things together at the more local level, dark energy tugs them apart on the grander scale.2.The growth of membership and of individual networks seems impervious to gaffes atthe company during its brief, five-year history. One of those instances was in February, when it fiddled with its terms of service. New language that seemed to assert Facebook’s “irrevocable” right to retain and use a member’s personal information,even after the member had closed his or her Facebook account, deserved a littlemore editing.3.?Along with the wheels, a self-balancing system and a motor with a top speed of fivekilometers per hour make the robot mobile. The two-wheel—as opposed to atricycle or quad—design makes it more maneuverable in tight spaces and helpskeep its weight down to about 16 kilograms. The area between the QB's head andbase consists of a length of telescoping plastic that can be adjusted to let the QBstand as tall as 175 centimeters or as short as 81 centimeters.4.Social and demographic changes are leading to a greater demand for housing. People are living longer, and choosing to marry later, and in recent years there has been a rise in the number of single-parent families. Added to this, the UK is experiencing immigration from other countries, . from Poland which has recently joined the EU. The result is an ever-larger number of smaller households, all requiring accommodation.Part III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese (20%)1.Dark energy is the name given to an unexplained force that is drawing galaxies awayfrom each other, against the pull of gravity, at an accelerated pace. Dark energy is a bit like anti-gravity. Where gravity pulls things together at the more local level, dark energy tugs them apart on the grander scale.2.The growth of membership and of individual networks seems impervious to gaffesat the company during its brief, five-year history. One of those instances was in February, when it fiddled with its terms of service. New language that seemed toa ssert Facebook’s “irrevocable” right to retain and use a member’s personalinformation, even after the member had closed his or her Facebook account,deserved a little more editing.3.?Along with the wheels, a self-balancing system and a motor with a top speed of fivekilometers per hour make the robot mobile. The two-wheel-as opposed to a tricycle or quad—design makes it more maneuverable in tight spaces and helps keep itsweight down to about 16 kilograms. The area between the QB's head and baseconsists of a length of telescoping plastic that can be adjusted to let the QB stand as tall as 175 centimeters or as short as 81 centimeters.4.Social and demographic changes are leading to a greater demand for housing.People are living longer, and choosing to marry later, and in recent years there has been a rise in the number of single-parent families. Added to this, the UK isexperiencing immigration from other countries, . from Poland which has recentlyjoined the EU. The result is an ever-larger number of smaller households, all requiring accommodation.Part III. Translate the following sentences into Chinese (20%) 1.The problem in the paradox, he reasoned, is that we are confusing a description of setsof numbers with a description of sets of sets of numbers.2.Th at’s not because Facebook is hell-bent on stripping away privacy protections, butbecause the popularity of Facebook and other social networking sites has promoted the sharing of all things personal, dissolving the line that separates the private from the public.3.The two-wheel-as opposed to a tricycle or quad-design makes it more maneuverable intight spaces and helps keep its weightdown to about 16 kilograms.4.The straw bales, it turns out, are all packed tightly inside a series of prefabricatedrectangular wooden wall frames, which are then lime-rendered, dried and finally slotted together like giant Lego pieces, called ModCell panels.5.Although the UK is an urban society, more and more people are choosing to live on the edge of urban areas - with many relocating to the countryside. This is called counter-urbanisation.。

科技英语阅读第二单元discoures understanding

A、Now, let’s talk about the kind of muscle you think of when we say “muscle”—the ones that show how strong you are and let you boot a soccer ball into the goal.现在，让我们来谈谈那种当我们说起肌肉时你会想到的肌肉——那些能显示你有多强壮，并让你将足球踢进球门的肌肉。

B、Skeletal muscles come in many different sizes and shapes to allow them to do many types of jobs.骨骼肌有许多不同大小和形状来让他们做很多类型的工作。

C、Together, the skeletal muscles work with your bones to give your body power and strength.骨骼肌与你的骨头一起给你的身体力量和强度。

D、Smooth muscles are also found in your bladder.你的膀胱也有平滑肌。

E、Tendons are cords made of tough tissue, and they work as special connector pieces between bone and muscle.肌腱是由坚韧的组织连接而成，它们作为骨和肌肉之间的特殊连接器件。

F、Smooth muscles—sometimes also called involuntary muscles—are usually in sheets, or layers, with one of muscle behind the other.平滑肌——有时也被称为非自愿的肌肉——通常在表或肌肉背后另一层的图层。

科技英语阅读

Exercises
3.What is the overall attitude of the report concerning the future of the Earth? It is “only by understanding the environment and how it works ,can we make the necessary decisions to protect it .only by valuing all our precious natural and human resources, can we hope to build a sustainable future . 4. What functions do wetlands play in conserving the environment? The functions are being wildlife habitat ,water pollution filtration ,water storage and recreational value .
2.Why was the UN Millennium Ecosystem Assessment initiated?
Because they found that two-thirds of earth’s life -supporting ecosystems are being degraded by unsustainable use.
3
The expansion of text
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)
The Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) are eight international development goals that 189 United Nations member states and at least 23 international organizations have agreed to achieve by the year 2015. They include halving extreme poverty, reducing child mortality rates, fighting disease epidemics such as AIDS, and developing a global partnership for development. 千年发展目标（MDGs）是由189个联合国成员国和至少23个国际组织共同制定的于2015年之前完成的国际发展目标。这些目标包括消除赤贫、降低儿童死亡率、抗击艾滋等疾病、发展全球伙伴关系等等。

科技英语阅读翻译(张敏)

Unlocking the Climate Puzzle解开气候之谜(1)Life has prospered on this planet for nearly four billion years. In that time, climate had fluctuated drastically, from ice ages lasting tens of thousands of years to epochs of steamy heat. With each change, sundry species have benefited and flourished.Others adapted, faltered， or died. Now, many experts believe， humans are imperiling their own ecological niche with the threat of global warming. The vaporous by—products of civilization， in the form of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide (C0₂), have trapped enough heat in the atmosphere to raise Earth's average surface air temperature a half degree Celsius (one degree Fahrenheit) during this century. If the trend continues， it could alter climate patterns worldwide-thawing glaciers， boosting sea level, scorching plains into deserts, and shifting vegetation zones。

九年级科技创新英语阅读理解30题

九年级科技创新英语阅读理解30题1. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The history of artificial intelligence.B. The applications of artificial intelligence.C. The future of artificial intelligence.D. The challenges of artificial intelligence.答案：B。

本文主要讲述了人工智能在不同领域的应用，A 选项历史未提及，C 选项未来只是略有涉及，D 选项挑战也不是主要内容。

2. Which of the following is an example of artificial intelligence in daily life?A. Watching TV.B. Reading books.C. Using voice assistants.D. Playing sports.答案：C。

日常生活中使用语音助手是人工智能的一种应用，A 看电视、B 读书、D 做运动都与人工智能无关。

3. Artificial intelligence can help doctors do which of the following?A. Make diagnoses.B. Perform surgeries.C. Write prescriptions.D. All of the above.答案：A。

人工智能可以帮助医生进行诊断，B 选项做手术目前主要还是由医生操作，C 选项开处方也是医生的职责，人工智能目前还不能完全替代。

4. What is one advantage of artificial intelligence in education?A. Replacing teachers.B. Customizing learning.C. Eliminating exams.D. Reducing school hours.答案：B。

科技英语阅读原文及翻译(李健版,单元1-7)

Unit 1 EnvironmentEarth’s Health in Sharp Decline, Massive Study Finds大规模研究发现：地球的“健康”每况愈下The report card has arrived from the largest ever scientific Earth analysis, and many of the planet’s ecosystems are simply not making the grade.有史以来对地球进行的最大规模的科学分析结果表明，地球上的许多生态系统都达不到标准。

The UN-backed Millennium Ecosystem Assessment Synthesis Report found that nearly two-thirds of Earth’s life-supporting ecosystems, including clean water, pure air, and stable climate, are being degraded by unsustainable use.由联合国主持的《千年生态系统评估综合报告》指出，由于不可持续的使用，地球上将近三分之二的用来维持生命的生态系统（包括干净的水源、纯净的空气以及稳定的气候）正遭受破坏。

Human has caused much of this damage during the past half century. Soaring demand for food, fresh water, timber, fiber and fuel have led to dramatic environmental changes, from deforestation to chemical pollution, the report says. The already grim situation may worsen dramatically during the first half of the 21st century, the report’s authors warn.以上大部分的破坏都是人类在过去的半个世纪里造成的。

英语阅读主题

2023年中考英语主题阅读理解-科技文阅读(篇目1)Climate change is a big problem humans are facing.How can we deal with it?Reducing carbon emissions(碳排放)is important.But what if we could capture carbon dioxide(CO2) from the air and use it to do other things?Recently,SpaceX founder Elon Musk said that his company is working on a new program.It’s going to take CO2out of the air and turn it into rocket fuel.“It will not only be good for Earth,but will also be important for Mars,”Musk tweeted. The air on Mars is made up of95percent CO2.If we could turn CO2into fuel,we could travel the long journey from Mars back to Earth in the future.The idea may sound strange but it’s not totally crazy.There are already some technologies that might help with this.According to Di-Jia Liu,a chemist at the Argonne National Laboratory in the US,the carbon atoms(原子)in CO2and the hydrogen(氢)atoms in water can be combined to make methane(甲烷)or ethanol(乙醇).They could be used as fuel.If we do this on Mars,energy from the sun might be used as a catalyst(催化剂).The idea will also make space travel more eco-friendly.“If the CO2-based fuel could be used in a rocket launch,we could prevent715tons of CO2from being emitted into the air,”said Stafford Sheehan from Air Company,a US company that focuses on CO2capture technologies.1．SpaceX is working on______.A．Reducing CO2emissions B．Building a new rocketC．Turning CO2into fuel D．Traveling long distances on Mars 2．What advantage will the program bring if it succeeds?A．It will take energy from the sun.B．It will take95percent of CO2out of the air.C．It will make it easier to travel from Mars to Earth.D．It will create free catalysts for chemical experiments.3．The underlined word“combined”in the passage means______in English.A．turn into B．join together C．divide into D．separate from 4．From what Stafford Sheehan said,we can learn that______.A．scientists use715tons of CO2to launch a rocketB．rocket launching is an environmentally-friendly activityC．there will be no CO2emissions anymoreD．SpaceX’s idea would be good for the environment5．What can be the best title of the passage?A．Visit Space with CO2B．Climate change we faceC．Space travel in the future D．A new program on Mars(篇目2)Can plants talk?Modern research has found something amazing:they do communicate with each other.It has been known for some time that plants use chemicals to communicate with each other.This happens when a plant gets attacked by insects.The plant gives out chemicals from the leaves that are being eaten.This is like a warning,or a call for help:“I’m being attacked!”When another plant gets the chemicals,it starts to give out its own different chemicals.Some of these chemicals drive insects away.Others attract the wasps（黄蜂）!The wasps kill the insects that are eating the plants.Scientists hope to learn more about this plant warning system,so that we can use it to grow more crops.More surprisingly,plants also use sound to communicate.People can’t hear these sounds, but plants are making them.Some plants make noises with their roots.Corn and chili（辣椒）plants do this.Some trees make clicking noises when there is not enough water.Most surprisingly of all,plants have an amazing system of communication that can link nearly every plant in a forest.Scientists call this system the“wood wide web”.The wood wide web is linked underground by fungi（霉菌）.It links the roots of different plants to each other.It is in some ways similar to the Internet we ing the wood wide web,plants can share information and even food with each other.However,it may lead to bad effects.Plants may use it to steal food from each other,or spread chemicals to attack other plants.Perhaps one day scientists will learn how to create a“firewall”to help prevent these attacks within the wood wide web.Scientists are learning more every day about the secret ways in which plants talk to each other.Maybe one day we will know enough about plant communication to be able to“talk”with them ourselves.6．What will plants do when they are attacked by insects?A．They will kill the insects by themselves.B．They will control the wasps to kill the insects.C．They will send out signals to ask for help.D．They will produce chemicals as a warning or a call for help.7．How are the wood wide web linked by fungi?A．By making noises with their roots.B．By connecting the roots of different plants to each other.C．By sharing food and information with each other.D．By spreading chemicals to each other.8．What is the writer’s purpose of the last paragraph?A．To give people hope for further studies.B．To praise scientists for their great achievements.C．To call on people to protect the plants on Earth.D．To inspire people to communicate with plants.9．What is the structure of the passage?A．B．C．D．10．Which is the best title for the passage?A．The Secret Language of Plants B．The Study about the Plant Warning System C．The Plants that Give Warnings D．Why Scientists Do Research about Plants(篇目3)New Zealand is a beautiful island country in the Pacific Ocean.There,snowy mountains rise high above the sea and grassy hills go across the land for miles.However,if you spend some time walking around the land,you’ll smell something different.Almost30million sheep and10million cows travel around those green hills and each one of them is farting(放屁).That may sound like a joke.But scientists aren’t laughing.There are more cows and sheep than people in New Zealand:eight to one.And these animals fart more than4million tons of gas every year.That gas adds to one of the most dangerous problems we face today:global warming(全球变暖).The gas that farm animals produce is called methane(甲烷),a greenhouse gas which can lead to climate(气候)change.But sheep and cows are not the main reason.Most greenhouse gases are produced by factories and cars.But in New Zealand,farm animals produce almost half the country’s greenhouse gases. That’s why scientists in New Zealand are working hard to solve the problem.They’ve foundmedicine that can reduce gas in sheep and cows.But most farm animals in New Zealand walk free.It’s hard to round them up to give them medicine.There’s also a third plan.Some scientists have put sheep in special sealed cages(密封笼子).They measure(测量)the gas that a sheep produces.It helps scientists find that some sheep naturally make less gas than others.When they give birth to those sheep together,their baby sheep farts less than their cousins.It’s only a small improvement.But those baby sheep just might make the planet a better place to live.11．Which statement is true about New Zealand?A．The numbers of cows are dropping.B．There are more cows and sheep than people.C．Farm animals are in danger because of global warming.12．The problem that cows and sheep brought to New Zealand is________.A．air pollution B．sea level rise C．fewer grassland 13．What can the special sealed cages help do?A．Stop sheep from farting.B．Give birth to sheep together.C．Pick out sheep that produces less gas.14．How does the writer feel about the third plan?A．It might work.B．It will cost too much.C．It’s meaningless. 15．The reading material above is most probably from________.A．a move poster B．a science fiction C．a magazine(篇目4)China’s Shenzhou-13crew members,Zhai Zhigang,Wang Yaping and Ye Guangfu livestreamed(II播)the first science lecture from the country’s space station on Thursday, December9,2021,which amazed many students on the earth.All crew members greeted students,teachers and other participants when the lecture started.They showed viewers how they lived and worked inside the space station,which currently includes a core module(核心舱),a spacecraft and two robotic cargo spaceships.The astronauts showed their exercise equipment and a specially designed space suit and conducted demonstrations(演示)on physical phenomena(现象)in microgravity,such as “disappearing buoyancy(浮力)”and a“water ball”.Ye,who is on his first spaceflight, showed how he rotated(旋转)his body in the weightless environment.The astronauts alsoanswered questions from students during the lecture.Tens of millions of primary and middle school students across China watched the televised event hosted by the China Manned Space Agency,the Ministry of Education and other government departments.It was the first lecture of the Tiangong Class,China’s first extraterrestrial(外显的) lecture series to popularize space science.More lectures will be held based on the country’s manned spaceflights and will also be presented by Chinese astronauts.the Manned Space Agency said.Such activities aim to spread knowledge about manned spaceflights and spark enthusiasm(热情)for science among young people.Shi Yi,a physics teacher from Tianjin,said the space lecture was an eye-opening experience that would develop students’interest in science.Wang Yishan,a fifth-grade student at the Beijing No.101Middle School,said,“The astronauts’experiments really interested and surprised me.I have great interest in spaceflight and would like to take part in our country’s space exploration program in the future.”Vincent Wong Wai-shing,headmaster of Hongkong’s Pui Kiu College,said the event gave Hong Kong students a chance to communicate with the astronauts while developing their interest in space and science.“It also helped to strengthen their sense of national identity (民族认同)as they saw the rapid progress of our country’s space technology,”he said. 16．What is the space station made up of at present?A．A core module,a spacecraft and two robotic cargo spaceships.B．A core module,a water ball,and two robotic cargo spaceshipsC．A core module,a spacecraft and a specially designed space suit.D．A exercise equipment,a water ball and disappearing buoyancy.17．What does the underlined word“microgravity”in Paragraph3mean in Chinese? A．微软B．微循环C．微生物D．微重力18．Which of the following is TRUE about the purpose of holding more lectures on China’s manned spaceflight?①It will spread knowledge about manned spaceflights.②It will amaze students on the earth.③It will ignite students’interest in science.④It will spark enthusiasm for science among young people.A．①②③B．①②③④C．①③④D．②③④19．What can we learn from the passage?A．The space lecture reduced students’interest in science and astronauts.B．Hong Kong students would like to take part in space exploration program in the future. C．The event gave Vincent Wong Wai-shing a chance to communicate with the astronaut. D．The event is one of China’s first extraterrestrial lecture series.(篇目5)Governments around the world are pushing for an end to plastic straws（吸管）and bags. More and more businesses are switching（转换）to paper products as an alternative（可供选择的事物）.Paper is considered by many to be better than plastic.However,it is harmful to the environment,too.Firstly,paper bags and straws are made from trees.Trees,as you know,can reduce carbon dioxide levels in the atmosphere（大气）.They can slow down climate change.An increase in the use of paper bags can cause more deforestation（毁林）.Secondly,the production of paper things requires more energy and water.About10 percent more energy and four times as much water is used to produce a paper bag than a plastic one.You might say that we can use recycled paper to save that energy and water.This seems to be a good idea.However,it takes even more energy and water to go through the recycling process（过程）than to make a new paper bag.Products made from recycled paper are also often short-lived.Furthermore,paper products are heavier than plastic ones.That means they require more fuel to transport.Seven trucks are needed to transport two million paper bags,while only one truck is needed to transport the same number of plastic bags.The increased weight also leads to a larger amount of waste once the bags are thrown away.Paper products are actually a lose-lose for both the environment and businesses.They are more expensive than plastic products.A paper straw costs about5to12cents,while a plastic one usually costs only about2cents.The most environment-friendly solution（解决办法）is to avoid single-use things altogether.Products like glass water bottles and steel straws can be used over and over again.They are much better than either paper products or plastic products. Through increasing the use of these items,you can greatly reduce your throwaway waste and truly make our earth a greener place!20．What can trees do to the environment?A．They can make carbon dioxide levels lower in the air.B．They can improve climate quickly.C．They can cause more deforestation in the end.D．They can provide materials for paper products.21．From Paragraph4,we can know that________.A．plastic products are much better than paper onesB．paper products are easy to transportC．one truck is needed to transport two million plastic bagsD．plastic products often lead to a larger amount of a waste22．Which is the following should people use in order to protect the environment? A．Recycled paper bags.B．Steel knives and forks.C．Strong plastic chairs.D．Single-use cups.23．What is the purpose of the passage?A．To push for an end to plastic straws and bags.B．To tell readers the disadvantages of paper products.C．To push the use of environment-friendly products which can be recycled.D．To introduce the importance of making our earth a greener place.(篇目6)Wang Yaping,42,became China’s first female space walker on Nov.7th evening when she took part in the Shenzhou XIII mission’s first extravehicular activity(舱外活动)with Zhai Zhigang.The extravehicular operation began at6:51p.m.when Zhai opened a gate.By midnight, they had climbed up the station’s robotic arm and used it to practice extravehicular activity and rescue operations with Ye Guangfu remaining inside the station to control and support the spacewalk.The spacewalk was expected to further check the robotic arm’s capabilities(能力), examine the safety and performance of support devices(设施),because they would have one or two more spacewalks in the coming months.A native of Shandong province and mother of a6-year-old girl,Wang Yaping joined the People’s Liberation Army Air Force in August1997.In March2012,she was part of the backup crew(后备人员),and in June2013,she took part in the Shenzhou X mission which lasted nearly15days.She is the second Chinese woman to have flown in space.During the Shenzhou X flight,Wang gave China’s first space-based lecture inside the Tiangong I experimental module to more than60million Chinese students at about80,000 schools across the country.Many students were encouraged after watching Wang’s lecture. ________.They should experience a lot of pain that most people can’t stand and keep training all the time.She is such a great woman that people call her“the most beautiful astronaut”.We arehappy that she together with the other astronauts returned our hometown safely. 24．There are________astronauts in the Shenzhou XIII mission.A．two B．three C．four D．five 25．According to the passage we can know that________.A．the extravehicular activity was for several reasonsB．Wang Yaping is the second woman to have flown in spaceC．Wang and Ye went out of the spaceship on Nov.7th eveningD．Wang gave a space-based lecture during the Shenzhou XI flight26．Which of the following sentences can be put in the“________”? A．However,to become an astronaut is not easyB．Because to give a lecture in space is coolC．So they want to become astronauts in the futureD．Though they may know nothing about space27．The best structure of this passage may be________.A．B．C．D．(篇目7)The blue whale(鲸)is the largest animal alive today.And one of these whales has been caught making a big journey through the South Pacific.The whale was first recorded near the Galapagos Islands,west of Costa Rica.Years later,that same whale was photographed off the coast of Chile in South America,a new study reports.The two places are separated by about 5,200kilometers.That means the whale,nicknamed Isabella,swam farther than the distance between New York and Los Angeles.Blue whales are found in all the world’s oceans but live in deep waters.So there are fewplaces where they can be found easily.What’s more,they were nearly driven by whaling a century ago.Populations are increasing.But because there are so few of the animals,they are still considered endangered.One blue whale may look like any other to the untrained eye.But each animal has special spots(斑点).“We use those spots as the fingerprints of blue whales,”Torres Florez says.To make the comparison job easier,scientists focus on the area around a whale’s dorsal fin(鳍), which is on its back.“Comparing those spots we are able to tell if a whale is the same whale we saw in different places or if the same whale is seen during different years in the same place,”he says.Isabella is probably not the only blue whale to travel so far,the researchers say.Members of her population likely migrate regularly from Chile to the Galapagos.In summer months, Torres Florez notes,waters in the far southern Pacific are loaded with krill,but that food disappears in winter.That’s when the whales travel north to warm,tropical(热带的)waters near the Galapagos.There,instead of feeding,the whales produce babies.Scientists don’t yet know why whales prefer to produce babies in tropical locations.But the ocean there may be warmer and calmer and have fewer killer whales that would feed on baby blue whales,Torres Florez says.28．What can we infer about blue whales in Paragraph2?A．They are no longer at the risk of dying out.B．It’s difficult for scientists to study them.C．They can’t live well in a new environment.D．It is common for people to see them worldwide.29．What is Paragraph3mainly about?A．How to study blue whales.B．The spots of blue whales.C．How to find out the exact blue whale.D．The habits and lifestyle of blue whales.30．What does the underlined word“migrate”mean?A．演变B．分离C．迁徙D．繁殖31．According to Torres Florez,whales prefer to produce babies in tropical waters probably because________.A．there is enough food for baby blue whalesB．they don’t have enemies thereC．it’s easy for them to find a mate thereD．it’s easy for baby blue whales to remain alive there32．In which part of a newspaper would you probably read the passage? A．Traditional Custom.B．Job Wanted.C．School Life.D．Nature.(篇目8)Can you imagine a world without insects?Without ants or flies in your house,it might sound great.However,the results may be out of imagination.The number of insects has dropped by half in the past few years,according to a British biologist Dave Coulson.You may think small insects are not important.But in fact they are the main part of the species(物种)on Earth.Insects are indeed on the way to extinction,according to the first review of insect population.The researchers say the main reason for this is the use of pesticides(杀虫剂)because they destroy insects’living areas.Also,weather change is another important cause.“Unless we change our ways of producing food,insects will go down the way to extinction in a few years,”the researchers wrote in the review.“This will have huge influences on the planet’s ecosystem(生态系统).”We need insects to pollinate(授粉)crops.They also break down(分解)dead plants and animals,which can keep the soil healthy.Without insects,many animals would have nothing to eat and die of hunger.Then,the ecosystem would be off balance.“If the number of insect species keep dropping,this will have bad influences on both Earth’s ecosystem and the survival of us humans,”said one of the writers of the review.“The first step to stop this is to let more people understand the values of the natural world,”he suggests.“The best place to start is from our children,who should realize environmental protection from an early age.”33．The underlined word“extinction”means“________”.A．pollution B．death C．harm D．protection 34．Paragraph5is mainly about________.A．the reason for producing food B．the problem of animals and plants C．the way to keep soil healthy D．the importance of insects35．From the passage,we can know________.A．insects may destroy the balance of the ecosystemB．ants and flies are the main part of the species on EarthC．humans’actions influence the number of insectsD．weather change has little influence on insects(篇目9)All over the world,people find giraffes amazing.The giraffe is the tallest animal in the world.Its legs and tail are taller than most people.Its tongue is very long,18inches.The front part of its tongue is an unusual color,black.Unlike most other large animals,giraffes do not threaten(威胁)people.Yet to many scientists the most amazing thing about this gentle giant is its heart.To understand how amazing the giraffe’s heart is,put your head lower than your heart. Keep it there for a few minutes.Then lift your head up very quickly.Do you feel dizzy?This is the effect of a change in blood pressure.The heart has to quickly pump blood to your brain to stop you from feeling dizzy or from fainting.When a giraffe lifts its head up from the ground,it has to lift its250-kilo neck more than 15feet in the air.How can it do this without fainting?The giraffe’s heart is really large.It is almost two feet long and weighs about10kilos.It can pump60liters of blood in a minute. The large artery(动脉)that carries blood from the heart up the long neck of the giraffe is also unusual because it has a muscle in it.This muscle helps keep the giraffe’s blood pressure.In1988,a writer,Michael Allin,learned that a giraffe arrived in Marseille,a city in the south of France,in1826.It was a gift to the king of France Charles X.He decided to go to Ethiopia,in East Africa,where the giraffe was born.He traveled to Egypt on the Nile River. This was the same way the giraffe came to Egypt where he discovered the reason for the gift. Muhammad Ali,an important Egyptian leader,did not want the French to enter a war.He sentthe giraffe to King Charles X.However,it was difficult to transport a giraffe in1826.It traveled from Egypt to France on a ship.The giraffe was so tall that it couldn’t fit in the lower deck of the ship.This was quite a problem until someone decided to cut a hole in the top deck of the ship.The giraffe’s legs were below,and its long neck came up through the hole.No one knew how to get such a large animal from Marseille to Paris,so the giraffe had to walk the880kilometers.All along the way,people came to watch the gentle giant.Six weeks after it left Marseille,the giraffe finally arrived in Paris,where100,000people came to see this amazing creature.Today,we still look at the giraffe in amazement.There is no other animal like it on earth.36．What is unusual about the artery in a giraffe’s neck?A．It has a muscle in it.B．It has an unusual colour.C．It weighs10kilos.D．It carries blood to the legs.37．The writer explains how amazing the giraffe’s heart is in Paragraph3mainly by________.A．telling stories B．showing stepsC．giving numbers D．expressing opinions 38．Muhammad Ali gave the giraffe to________.A．the French people B．the Egyptian leaderC．the French writer D．the king of France39．What did they do to transport the giraffe by ship?A．They cut a hole in the deck.B．They added a taller deck to the ship. C．They built another new ship.D．They cut the taller deck off the ship. 40．What is the best title for the passage?A．The gentle giant from Africa B．The special heart of the giantC．The amazing journey to France D．The popular writer from France(篇目10)Zhurong,the name of China’s Mars rover(火星车),was announced on April24th,2021, China’s Space Day.The name of Zhurong comes from a character in ancient Chinese stories.The way it was named is the same as other space programs like Chang’e,Tianwen and Beidou.In ancient Chinese stories,Zhurong is a fire god.He is a proud man dressed in the soldier’s clothes,holding a sword(剑)and riding on a large tiger.And he is famous forstopping his son from causing floods(洪水)for humans successfully.Besides,according to the words’Chinese meanings,“Zhu”means“wish”,which can be used to express the good wishes for humans’study of the universe(宇宙).And“rong”means“integration”,which shows Chinese people would like to use the space with other countries peacefully,and to build a community with a shared future for human beings.Zhurong,the Mars rover,is1.85meters high and weighs about240kilograms.It has six wheels and four solar panels(太阳能面板)and it can move at200meters an hour on the planet’s surface.With six scientific instruments,it can work for at least three months.On the Mars,▲such as the make-up(组成)of the planet’s surface,the weather and environment conditions on the Mars.Zhurong shows that China’s space programs have taken a huge step forward again.41．Zhurong,Chang’e,Tianwen and Beidou are all the names of Chinese________. A．paintings B．IT programs C．poems D．space programs 42．What’s the meaning of the underlined word“integration”in Chinese?A．容忍B．象征C．融合D．担当43．Where does Zhurong’s name come from?A．Other space programs.B．A fire god.C．A large tiger.D．Ancient Chinese stories.44．How long can Zhurong work?A．For less than three months.B．For half an year.C．For at least three months.D．For at least a year.45．Which of the following can be put in▲in the third paragraph?A．it will get an unforgettable memoryB．our country will step farther and fartherC．it can do a lot of surveys and collect informationD．you could see all kinds of robots with different skills参考答案1．C2．C3．B4．D5．A6．D7．B8．A9．B10．A11．B12．A13．C14．A15．C 16．A17．D18．C19．D20．A21．C22．B23．B24．B25．A26．A27．D28．B29．C30．C31．D32．D 33．B34．D35．C36．A37．C38．D39．A40．A 41．D42．C43．B44．C45．C。

1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。

文章特点：结构严谨逻辑严密文体多样如：论文、综述、实验报告、教材、专利、说明书等．
•
科学技术领域，科技工作者的任务：描述自然现象；分析自然现象产生的规律；研究自然现象应用于人类生产实践的方法；表达所取得的成果及其应用。思维形式：概念、公式或公式化的概念。思维活动的语言表达：按照严格的逻辑程序导出的判断和推理，科技文体具有抽象性、概念性和高度的逻辑性。内容：写实。语言风格：准确严谨、合乎逻辑，非形象性(理性)、客观性、无明显感情色彩、简洁明快。
• • • • • • • •
Angle: 角度（角钢） Channel:海峡、纪录通道、渠道（槽钢） Cap:帽子（柱头、棚架顶梁） Mouth:嘴（开度） Foot:脚（底部、底座） Horse:马（支架） Normal: 正常数学：法线化学：当量 Power: 数学：幂、次方电学：电力、电能机械与动力工程：动力
•
•
2 Vocabulary(词汇)
——专业英语的词汇特点
• Typically Professionalized Terms
Whenever a force acts on a body so as to make the body move through some distance, it is said to have done work.
即使在同一个专业领域内，同一个专业词汇由于与不同的词搭配，词义也略有改变。 • Filter: 滤波器、滤色器 Tramp filter: 干扰滤除器 Amplitude filter: 振幅滤波器 Filter paper: 滤纸 Primary filter: 基色滤色器 Phase 物理：相、状态电工：相位动物：型、期 Base: 机械：底座、基座电子：基极数学：底边
参考书目
• Advanced manufacturing technology =: 先进制造技术（第二版）主编：唐一平, 副主编洪军，赵万华. 科学出版社，2007
科技英语阅读与翻译(高等学校研究生英语系列教材) EST Reading and Translation 李健主编罗凌志等编外语教学与研究出版社，2009 语言与科技:硕士研究生英语读写译教程常梅张继书编著哈尔滨工业大学出版社，2011.3
• Usually Used Compound Words
由两个或两个以上的词(有时其中用连字符“-‖)联合在一起的词称复合词。使用复合词来表示事物的特征、性质、数量、大小、程度等概念和意义。一般复合词的核心是最后一个词。 • 复合名词
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
Body n. 身体, 肉体, 人, 尸体, 主要部分, 团体, 大量 vt. 赋以形体机械专业 n. 车身,机身船舶专业 n. 机身,水团,艇体地质专业 n. 体,岩体,车身电力专业 n. 物体,本体,壳体法律专业 n. 身体 ,本文 ,机关纺织专业 n. 布身,身骨,物体航海专业 n. 全体航空专业 n. 机身,船身 n. 体,物体化学专业 n. 身体,本文,支柱,质地 vt. 实现,使...稠化,使...具体化计算机专业体，物体，机壳，机身，底盘，插座体，(正文)体 n. 身体(本文,支柱) vt. 实现(使...稠化,使...具体化) 建筑专业 n. 基础,底盘,基底,体,岩体,车身经贸专业机关 n. 全体农牧林专业 n. 立木汽车专业 n. 车身商务专业机关石油专业 n. 体水利专业 n. 本体,主体,物体冶金专业 n. 主体,机体医学专业 n. 躯体,体中医专业 n. 身体,肉体,躯体 body 在机械工程方面，表示“壳体、机体；车体、车身”等
引言
• 研究生论文内容上的问题：基本表达不会；汉语式的表达；采用软件直接翻译研究生论文形式上的问题：科技论文写作的基本常识不具备；形式和内容一样重要形式上不合格举例：参考文献的引用：编号与不编号；参考文献的写法：姓名不分、字母大写小写不分; 中文标点符号和英文标点符号不分
•
引言
引言
• 课程学习目的：外语的应用是一个不断积累的过程，听和说方面的能力需要不断锻炼，而科技论文的写作还需要掌握一定的写作规则、方法和技巧。 �� 专业文献的阅读：如何选择本专业的有关杂志获取参考文献？如何进行专业文献的阅读。科技论文的写作，包括概要、学术论文写作的方法，学术论文的基本结构、写作基本步骤。 �� 写作中常用经典的句型结构、重要专业词汇。投稿国外杂志的一般知识：如何选择适合的学术杂志，投稿国际学术杂志论文的基本步骤；如何得知国际学术会议信息，国际学术会议投稿的基本步骤，国际交流的一般常识。 ��
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
work n. 工作, 劳动, 操作, 职业, [物]功, 手工, 作品, 机件 v. (使)工作, (使)运转, 起作用, 造成, 产生, 经营, (使)渐渐移动, 煅制机械专业 n. 著作,功船舶专业 n. 工作,功 n. 劳动地质专业 n. 功,工作电力专业 n. 功,工作,操作电信专业 n. 功,工作法律专业 n. 工作,著者,著作,作品,作业 v. 劳动航海专业 n. 工作航空专业 n. 工作,劳动产品 n. 工作,运行化学专业 n. 工作,劳动,操作,加工,著作,制品 vt. 工作,加工,研究,证实,劳动,运行会计专业工件,运转计算机专业工作；功 n. 工作(劳动,操作 vt. 工作(加工,研究经贸专业工件 n. 工作能源专业 n. 功,工程农牧林专业 n. 工作汽车专业 n. 工作,加工,工厂,著作,功,工作商务专业工件石油专业 n. 工作 n. 功水利专业 n. 工作,功,工件冶金专业 n. 工作,功医学专业 n. 工作,功中医专业 n. 工作
专业英语 Specialized English
——科技英语阅读
引言
• 英语语言能力听、说（直接交流的需要）读、写（间接交流的需要）

通过四、六级情况：
我国学生的英语能力的现状：
（1）语法好、有一定词汇量，公共英语的阅读能力相对较好；（2）在专业方面的听、说、写的能力相对欠缺，表现在专业报告听不懂；（3）对自己的研究说不出、写不出，特别是阅读和撰写专业方面研究论文的能力和水平需要加强。
•
• • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • •
尽量避免概念不够鲜明的词语（Weak verbs)，应该选择鲜明有力的动词（Effective verbs)
Indicate：指出, 显示, 象征, 预示, 需要, 简要地说明 Show：出示, 指示, 引导, 说明, 显示, 展出, 放映 Illustrate：举例说明, 图解, 加插图于, 阐明 Demonstrate：vt.示范, 证明, 论证 Review： vt.回顾, 复习 Report：v.报导, 汇报, 报到, 告发 Outline：vt.描画轮廓, 略述, Describe：vt.描写, 记述, 形容, 形容v.描述 Explain：v.解释, 说明 Verify：vt.检验, 校验, 查证, பைடு நூலகம்实 Prove：vt.证明, 证实, 检验, 考验vi.原来(是), 证明(是) Confirm: vt.确定, 批准, 使巩固, 使有效v.确认 Define: vt.定义, 详细说明 Determine: v.决定, 确定, 测定, 使下定决心 Compare: v.比较, 相比, 比喻 Contrast：vt.使与...对比, 使与...对照vi.和...形成对照 Investigate：v.调查, 研究 Develop: vt.发展, 发达, 发扬, 进步, 逐步展开(情节,音乐主题,方程式等)洗印, 显影vi. 发展, 生长, 发育, 逐步显示出来 Conclude: v. 结束, 终止, 决定, 作出结论vt.推断, 断定, 缔结, 议定 Propose: vt.计划, 建议, 向...提议vi.打算 enumerate (列举)
• Highly Proportional Latin & Greek Words
最普通英语单词中，46%直接或间接来源于拉丁语， 7.2%来源于希腊语，科技词汇中这个比率会更高。
Analysis, stimulus, focus, automation, formula, antenna, nucleus, radius, symposium, thesis, micro-, hydro-, auto-, multi-, -ion, graph, -logy, -tude
• 研究生专业词汇：精加工
finish machining fine processing precise processing
哪一个是正确写法？存在的问题：英文文献的单词均认识，但不知道是什么意思（词汇没有问题，但理解有问题）同一个英文单词在一般英语中和专业英语中的意思有很大差异。
feed movement interference fit
•
•
• Specifically Concentrated Meaning
日常英语“动词+副词”，如come off, do for, make up等，这类短语动词往往不止一种含义，而且常常难以确定。在科技论文中，应用意义比较明确的单个动词来代替，这类动词较“正规”，学术气氛较强，简洁，用起来方便。如：（1）词义更加确切：比如用absorb表示take in;用discover表示观察比用find out更严密. （2）较为正规：增加学术气氛，如transmit比pass on更适合表达传输这个科技概念. （3）更加简洁：有时候可以代替一连串的动词 Reciprocate(往复, 来回运动)等于move backwards and forwards in astraight line。

科技英语阅读

八年级科技创新英语阅读理解20题

科技英语阅读理解35篇

科技英语阅读试题及答案

高考英语阅读理解复习-科技类20篇(含解析)

英语科普阅读材料双语——科技4篇

科技英语阅读李健答案

科技英语阅读与翻译全文

科技英语阅读翻译

科技英语阅读第二单元discoures understanding

科技英语阅读

科技英语阅读翻译(张敏)

九年级科技创新英语阅读理解30题

科技英语阅读原文及翻译(李健版,单元1-7)

最新科技英语阅读理解35篇(英汉对照附练习答案)

英语阅读主题