考研英语阅读题源时代周刊解析(5)

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2018年可锐考研英语优秀阅读文章赏析

2018年可锐考研英语优秀阅读文章赏析（五）Businesses and cyber-security商业活动与网络安全A spook speaks.鬼魅之声。

Its cost may be hard to count, but cybercrime hascompanies worried.网络犯罪损失难料，公司企业忧心忡忡。

LIKE blooms on a peculiar plant, speeches by thehead of the British security service are rare; andwhen they do appear, they draw attention. On June 25th Jonathan Evans, the director-general of MI5, burst into oratorical flower for the first time in 21 months. After commentingon preparations for the Olympic Games and on counter-terrorism, Mr Evans turned to cyber-security-where the front line…is as much in business as it is in government. States as wellas criminals were up to no good, he said: in particular, a major London listed company withwhich we have worked had lost revenue of some ￡800m to state-sponsoredcyber-attack. The firm in question had lost intellectual property and had been put at adisadvantage in commercial negotiations.英国安全局的发言就如铁树开花一般罕见，而一旦他们发话了，便立即吸引众人目光。

1997年考研英语第五篇阅读解析

2017年考研英语第五篇阅读解析一、文章概要本文主要分析2017年考研英语第五篇阅读的内容和题型，为考生提供解题思路和方法。

二、文章结构1. 题目简介本篇阅读共包括三篇文章，分别为"The Information Revolution and the Future World"、 "Economic Challenges Faced by Developing Asian Countries" 和 "Some Puzzles in the Theory of Economic Growth"。

2. 题型分析本篇阅读的题型主要包括细节题、主旨题、态度题和推断题。

3. 解题思路根据文章内容和题型特点，结合考研英语考试要求，提出解题思路和方法。

三、文章具体内容1. 第一篇文章"The Information Revolution and the Future World"主要探讨信息革命对未来世界的影响。

2. 第二篇文章"Economic Challenges Faced by Developing Asian Countries"介绍了发展我国家面临的经济挑战。

3. 第三篇文章"Some Puzzles in the Theory of Economic Growth"则讨论了经济增长理论中存在的一些问题。

四、解题思路1. 对于细节题，考生需要仔细阅读文章，寻找相关信息，注意细节关键词。

2. 对于主旨题，需要抓住文章的核心内容和重点观点。

3. 对于态度题，考生要注意作者的观点和态度，从文章中找出相关信息支持。

4. 对于推断题，需要根据文章内容进行合理推断，注意逻辑关系，避免主观臆断。

五、解题技巧1. 提高阅读速度和理解能力，辅以扎实的词汇积累和语法基础。

2. 注意题目要求和关键词，避免一味追求长难句和生僻词。

2020考研英语题源精读—《时代周刊》文化艺术类文章

2020考研英语题源精读—《时代周刊》文化艺术类文章2019考研将近，相信大家已经是秣兵厉马，枕戈待旦了吧！针对此时大家压力大，内心焦灼的状态，今天中公考研小编为大家带来了一篇来自我们考研英语阅读题源期刊《时代周刊》的一篇文章，大家一方面放松心情，另一方面也借此机会熟悉一下单词和句式哦！文章逐句翻译如下：A San Francisco museum tackles art’s Instagram dilemma旧金山博物馆解决了艺术空间的拍照发圈困境A WOMAN CLUTCHED HER PHONE TO HER heart,the way a missionary might hold a Bible.一个女人把手机拿在胸前，就像传教士拿着《圣经》那样。

She was anxious to take a picture of a stunning bouquet of flowers that sat not10ft.away,她急着想拍张她面前10英尺（约3米）外的一束非常漂亮的花，but first she had to get through a crowd of others jostling to do the same.但首先，她必须穿过一群争先恐后和她有着同样心思的人群。

The cause of this recent frenzy was Bouquets to Art,one of the most popular annual events at the de Young Museum in San Francisco.引发最近这一狂潮的是“从鲜花到艺术”展览，旧金山狄杨博物馆一年一度最受欢迎的展览之一。

For the34th year,florists were asked to create bouquets that respond to pieces of art on display,from ancient carvings to contemporary sculptures.在第34届展览上，花艺师们被要求制作能够呼应展出的艺术作品的花束，无论是古代的雕刻作品，还是当代的雕塑。

1997年考研英语第五篇阅读解析

1997年考研英语第五篇阅读解析摘要：I.引言- 介绍考研英语阅读理解的背景和重要性II.1997 年考研英语阅读理解第五篇阅读解析- 文章概述：讲述一位老师通过与学生的对话来解释“文化”的含义- 细节解析：分析文章中出现的生词和难句，提供词汇和语法解释- 主题解析：探讨文章中涉及的文化概念，以及作者如何通过例子来阐述这些概念III.考研英语阅读理解技巧- 介绍一些考研英语阅读理解的技巧和方法，如如何快速找到文章主旨，如何理解作者的观点等IV.结论- 总结文章的主要内容和考研英语阅读理解的重要性，鼓励学生提高阅读能力正文：I.引言考研英语阅读理解是考研英语的重要组成部分，它测试的是考生的英语阅读能力，包括词汇、语法、篇章结构和主旨理解等。

在备考过程中，我们需要通过大量的阅读和练习来提高阅读理解能力。

今天，我将为大家解析1997 年考研英语阅读理解第五篇阅读，以帮助大家更好地理解和掌握考研英语阅读理解的要求和技巧。

II.1997 年考研英语阅读理解第五篇阅读解析这篇文章讲述了一位老师通过与学生的对话来解释“文化”的含义。

在文章中，老师首先提出“文化”这个概念，然后通过提问和回答的方式，引导学生思考文化的本质和特点。

文章中出现了一些生词和难句，需要我们通过词汇和语法解释来理解。

在主题方面，文章探讨了文化的概念，包括文化的定义、特点和功能。

作者通过生动的例子来阐述这些概念，使得文章更加生动有趣。

III.考研英语阅读理解技巧在阅读理解中，有一些技巧和方法可以帮助我们更好地理解文章和回答问题。

例如，我们可以通过快速浏览文章的标题、副标题和小标题来了解文章的主旨和结构；我们还可以通过阅读文章的开头和结尾来判断作者的观点和态度。

此外，我们还可以通过划线和注释来帮助我们更好地理解文章中的重点和难点。

IV.结论总的来说，考研英语阅读理解是一项重要的测试内容，它可以帮助我们提高英语阅读能力，扩大知识面，提高综合素质。

考研英语五大题源报刊阅读150篇

2010【星火考研英语五大题源报刊阅读150篇】（完整 pdf 4M附件）基本信息·出版社：天津科学技术出版社·页码：501 页·出版日期：2009年·ISBN：7530849883/9787530849880·条形码：9787530849880·包装版本：1版·装帧：平装·开本：16·正文语种：英语/中文《考研英语五大题源报刊阅读150篇》风靡全国，畅销十年，8000万读者的选择。

五大常考题源和盘托出，阅读高分不再难！背景链接，主题扩展延伸，词汇解忧，涵盖核心词汇，难句过关，详解难点要点，精彩译文，突破阅读盲点。

2007年，128.2万学生考研，星火考研词汇销售118万册！2008年，120万学生考研，星火考研词汇销售116万册！作者简介刘雪明，北京大学硕士毕业，享誉全国的考研与四六级辅导专家,曾执教于中国人民大学与北京新东方学校，其倡导的“交际思维阅读法”和“一句话搞定作文”打动了无数考生。

授课幽默，条理清晰，善于用浅显的例子引领学生将复杂问题简单化，著有《考研英语一句话搞定18分作文》、《考研阅读真题破题点与超级精读》、《四级临考范文背诵50篇》等多部备考书籍。

目录Part A 多项选择部分大纲解读制胜妙法《时代周刊》Passage 1 美国家长需要更多了解备灾计划Passage 2 美国公民申请人数的下降Passage 3 美国非法移民人数下降Passage 4 银幕的吸烟场面问题Passage 5 哲学讨论的热潮Passage 6 移动wi—fi服务Passage 7 艺术品失窃问题Passage 8 Bit Torrent程序引发的问题Passage 9 刘易斯-汉密尔顿Passage 10 校园枪击事件Passage 11 石油生产和石油价格Passage 12 性格形成与兄弟姐妹的关系Passage 13 大众筹资的概念及其运作Passage 14 飞机快速减压问题Passage 15 社区健康工作者的作用和发展《时代周刊》Passage 1 地震预报方面的新进展Passage 2 超级超新星SN 20069y的爆发Passage 3 长期控制血糖的重要性Passage 4 肺结核病再度蔓延Passage 5 植物合成阿司匹林的发现《经济学家》Passage 1 优秀领导需要具有“智能实力” Passage 2 08年诺贝尔生理医学奖的“失”与“得”Passage 3 犯罪嫌疑人的引渡问题Passage 4 弹性工作制Passage 5 卡路里摄取量与长寿的关系Passage 6 美国汽车租赁业的发展Passage 7 老年人力资源的开发Passage 8 冥王星“降级”Passage 9 刘易斯汉密尔顿Passage 10 可口可乐和百事可乐的竞争Passage 11 网络广告业的崛起Passage 12 自动智能车的开发Passage 13 枭鹦鹉的性别分配理论Passage 14 人类多样化语言消逝之古今Passage 15 人体器官移植供求失衡及灰色交易《经济学家》Passage 1 投资银行破产的影响Passage 2 地震发生与石笋形成的关系Passage 3 肺结核病问题Passage 4 电敏感与电磁辐射的关系Passage 5 华尔街的“白衣骑士”《新闻周刊》Passage 1 人脑记忆功能的运作Passage 2 大学生心理健康问题的处理Passage 3 西式生活方式与癌症发生率的关系Passage 4 有关人脸的研究Passage 5 国际教育产业的发展Passage 6 酒店业经营策略的调整Passage 7 网络时代金融危机的新特点Passage 8 无线网络技术的发展Passage 9 n0—fri11s经营模式Passage 10 艾滋病的老年化问题Passage 11 美国大学招生制度的变化Passage 12 适量饮酒或有益健康Passage 13 西式快餐的重度食客Passage 14 Goog1e股票发行权问题Passage 15 “物质的”神经科学《新闻周刊》Passage 1 危机中的房屋销售Passage 2 婴儿瘁死综合症Passage 3 人类社会的民主化进程Passage 4 电子纸技术Passage 5 院外心脏骤停病例救治之新举措《科学》Passage 1 各国开始向海外寻求农田Passage 2 科学家受到蒙蔽Passage 3 哈佛大学科研相关问题Passage 4 温室效应对大西洋的影响Passage 5 女性科学家的地位和待遇问题Passage 6 科研经费滥用问题Passage 7 全球变暖与曲棍球杆Passage 8 印度原始部落文化Passage 9 器官再生和伤员救治Passage 10 从自然灾害中学习Passage 11 有害物质对工人的危害问题Passage 12 运动员的高科技装备Passage 13 深海钻探遭遇资金困境Passage 14 木乃伊与民族文化-Passage 15生物燃料和高能源植物的研究《科学》Passage 1 肿瘤研究的美好前景Passage 2 沼气的新来源Passage 3 果蝇的长时记忆和抗麻醉记忆Passage 4 水星探测新发现Passage 5 大脑基因图谱研究《美国新闻》Passage 1 大学排名对高等教育的影响Passage 2 美国“失落的十年”的真假Passage 3 伦敦交通恐怖袭击Passage 4 美国绿色能源政策Passage 5 户外拓展坦克训练营Passage 6 美国工会与大公司的关系Passage 7 青少年犯罪与家庭构成Passage 8 预定期限基金Passage 9 房屋交易与房屋经纪Passage 10 人工影响天气Passage 11 大学宿舍生活Passage 12 科技发展与电子废弃物处理Passage 13 次贷金融危机与政府决策Passage 14 提前遗赠财产Passage 15 预防癌症的最新研究《美国新闻》Passage 1 日本政府限制国民腰围Passage 2 石油价格与汽车消费Passage 3 援救汽车工业“三巨头”Passage 4 华尔街逆市投资Passage 5 星系的黑色物质Part B 选择搭配部分大纲解读制胜妙法《时代周刊》Passage 1 全球气候变化引起的资源保护问题Passage 2 网络言论的声誉侵害问题Passage 3 置人式广告模式Passage 4 美国中学排名制度Passage 5 海洋“死区”《经济学家》Passage 1 Wua1a免费在线存储技术和服务Passage 2 健康产业的新发展Passage 3 “良知食品”的问题Passage 4 美国救市与反拍卖标购Passage 5 世界粮食问题《新闻周刊》Passage 1 素食主义者、火鸡与感恩节Passage 2 就医时咨询第二种意见Passage 3 运动锻炼与精神健康Passage 4“监控中”的欧英世界Passage 5 兴奋剂与体育比赛《科学》Passage 1 社会失序与破窗理论Passage 2 类胚胎细胞与人类疾病的治疗Passage 3 本科毕业后短期工作与就读研究生Passage 4 气候科学的可靠性Passage 5 制造复杂的石器与现代人类《美国新闻》Passage 1 现代科技的自动提醒与真人提醒Passage 2 靶向EGFR药物的研究Passage 3 科学家的宗教信仰问题Passage 4 成年子女与父母的经济资助Passage 5 居者有其屋与美国梦想Part C 选择搭配部分大纲解读制胜妙法《时代周刊》Passage 1 俄罗斯前总统普京Passage 2 经济衰退与圣诞节购物Passage 3 能源危机与图尔西坦提Passage 4 学校网络信息安全Passage 5 贝卢斯科尼与布什《经济学家》Passage 1 意大利的教育改革Passage 2 马斯洛需求层次理论及其经济应用Passage 3 艾滋病的“鸡尾酒”式治疗法Passage 4 激进的启蒙运动Passage 5 经济危机引发的公众道歉问题《新闻周刊》Passage 1 麦克科马克及忧郁症摆脱Passage 2 新科技改变人类的大脑Passage 3 无线跟踪技术的运用Passage 4 麦当劳的扩张Passage 5 金融风暴与房屋投资《科学》Passage 1 科学研究工作与政治的关系Passage 2 07年的科学突破和科学崩溃Passage 3 地球生命诞生的新观点Passage 4 加拿大留住高端人才的战略Passage 5 领导力与企业的关系《美国新闻》Passage 1 布什与切尼Passage 2 高学历的妇女与其婚姻情况Passage 3 “心理健康平权”法案Passage 4 大学生的学费与毕业后的收入Passage 5 海关入境电子产品的检查问题。

2019年考研英语阅读真题解析5(英语学习).doc

2019年考研英语阅读真题解析5（英语学习）考研英语真题对我们掌握考点至关重要，下面为大家整理了考研英语阅读真题解析，希望可以为大家带来帮助！They all seem to look alike (though they come from all over) -- lean, pointed, dedicated faces, wearing主语系动词表语插入语同位语jeans and sandals, eating their buns and bedding down for the night on the flagstones outside the theatre同位语to buy the 20 seats and 80 standing-room tickets held for the sleepers and sold to them when the box office同位语后置定语时间状语从句opens at 10:30 a.m.译文：他们虽然来自世界各地，但看起来似乎都一样——身材瘦削，棱角分明，神情专注，穿着牛仔裤和凉鞋，啃着圆面包，在剧院外面的石板上过夜，等着在上午十点半售票处开门时购买专为他们这群人准备的20张座位票和80张站票。

分析：本句被破折号分为了两部分。

破折号之前的主句的主干为They … seem to look alike…;括号里的内容是插入语，是个让步状语从句。

破折号之后的内容是主句的同位语，解释说明其内容，即如何look alike。

在这个同位语中，to buy…them是目的状语，表示bedding down…的目的;其中，held for…to t hem 是修饰tickets的后置定语，后面跟有一个由when引导的时间状语从句。

【词汇解析】point [pɔint](n.)尖,尖端;点;要点;观点;分数(vt.)把…指向,把…对准;指出(vi.)指,指出,指明;指向,对准(高考词汇)(2003年-阅读1、2013年-完型、2013年-阅读2)考点搭配：point-and-click 点击(2003-阅读1-83)miss the point 没抓住要领，没领会含义(2011年-阅读1)beside the point不相关的，不必谈的(2012年-阅读2)selling point 卖点(2013年-阅读2)1个派生词：2910. pointed [ˈpɔintid](adj.)尖锐的;率直的;棱角分明的(超纲词汇)(2006年-阅读2)(ed-的). dedicate [’dedikeit](vt.)奉献,致力于(CET-6、考研词汇)(2006年-阅读4、2013年-阅读3)(de-向下，dic-词根,说,讲，ate-动词后缀→ 下定决心说、发誓“说”要付出一切——即“奉献;致力于”。

考研英语题源外刊赏析

考研英语题源外刊赏析01期：多元化的英国，学着和平共处原文期刊：卫报原文标题：The Guardian view on multicultural Britain: learning to live together本文选自2018年9月17日《卫报》的一篇文章。

文章围绕“英国社会抗拒多元文化”这一现象展开，指出当前英国社会存在“关注民族融合却忽视文化多元化”的问题，最后作者指出应促进不同文化之间的和平共处，创造平等、有代表性的英国文化。

引出现象“人们抗拒多元文化”并分析原因（第一、二段）——借一项关于移民和融合问题的研究引出当前社会存在的悖论：文化多元化VS民族主义（第三、四段）——提出解决之道（第五段）。

【原文】I ①It is depressing to discover that four in 10 adults in this country agreed with the statement that “having a wide variety of backgrounds and cultures has undermined British culture”. ②After all, such mainstays of British culture as curry, the Notting Hill carnival and bearded Muslim sports heroes were at one time all viewed as inimical to it. ③Cultures are dynamic things, developing organically from communities. ④They do not exist in isolation or remain static.⑤Having a range of cultures in Britain is normal, not novel.II ①If so, then why are so many still resistant? ②There is a straightforward economic analysis: austerity has shrunk the space we might share, be that schools, parks or hospitals, while growing inequalities supply people with new opportunities to scapegoat minorities. ③Then there is a barrage of claims about a government policy of encouraging cultural difference at the expense of national cohesion. ④There is no state-led segregation policy today. ⑤British governments are not in the habit of sacrificing the nation on the altar of imaginary cultural preferences. ⑥Yet years of anger stoked around this falsehood found, unfortunately, an outlet in the Brexit referendum.III ①The thinktank British Future, which commissioned the poll and produced an in-depth study looking at immigration and integration, should be congratulated for engaging the public in a debate about their views and concerns on these subjects. ②It is no surprise that nine out of 10 respondents either strongly agreed or tended to agree that, in order to integrate, migrants ought to learn English, pay their taxes and respect democracy. ③There is nothing controversial about such opinions. ④Immigrant communities as a whole are hardly likely to disagree with any of them. ⑤What this research does not do is expose tensions between the demands of integration into wider society and the measures required to preserve cultural diversity.IV ①Identity is a fact about us, but it should not define the horizon of our possibilities. ②It is a paradox that in an age where individuals have been most sovereign over the identities they assert, the politics of nationalism has become most potent. ③Some of the reasons why are obvious: nations offer a ready-made identity that is a cipher of commonly agreed myths. ④But liberal politics across the world has been noticeably susceptible to being overtaken by rightwing nationalists. ⑤Too often, this is because defenders of liberal values end up aligning them with a particular way of life, underpinning this by claiming there is a limit to how much diversity a welfare state can tolerate. ⑥This thought process leads to many wrong-headed policies –most notably in Britain to an arbitrary numerical cap on immigration.V ①What is lacking to counter such arguments is a project to get people to bridge their differences just as much as they bond over their similarities. ②The more people from different backgrounds trust each other, the better off their society. ③Politicians ought to be preaching the need to learn how to get along with strangers. ④That needs an honest conversation about the laws of association –that is, how we can legally group together. ⑤Other nations do this. ⑥The US prohibits discrimination in rental housing unless you have four or fewer units to let. ⑦One may bond with one’s ethnic peers in an exclusionary fashion as long as one limits the scale of those bonds. ⑧What needs attentionare the small cliques that hoard contacts, access to information and, ultimately, power. ⑨Challenging those would ensure Britain fosters egalitarian and representative cultures. ⑩That is what, surely everyone agrees, the country needs.【词汇短语】1.undermine /ʌndə'maɪn/ v. 破坏；危害2.*mainstay /'meɪnsteɪ/ n. 支柱3.*inimical /ɪ'nɪmɪkəl/ a. 有害的4.static /'stætɪk/ a. 静态的5.resistant /rɪ'zɪstənt/ a. 抵抗的6.*austerity /ɒ'sterɪtɪ/ n. 财政紧缩7.*scapegoat /'skeɪpgəʊt/ v. 使成为…的替罪羊8.*barrage /'bærɑːʒ/ n. 一连串(问题，抱怨等)9.segregation /ˌsegrɪ'geɪʃ(ə)n/ n. 隔离10.*altar /ɔːltə/ n. 祭坛，圣坛11.at/on the altar of sth. 因为，为了（值得为之受苦的事情）12.*stoke /stəʊk/ v. 激起(某种感觉)13.*referendum /ˌrefə'rendəm/ n. 全面公投mission /kə'mɪʃən/ v. 委任15.respondent /rɪ'spɒndənt/ n. 应答者16.tension /'tenʃən/ n. 冲突；紧张17.paradox /'pærədɒks/ n. 悖论18.sovereign /'sɒvrɪn/ a. 至高无上的19.assert /ə'sɜːt/ v. 维护；声称20.*potent /'pəʊt(ə)nt/ a. 强有力的21.ready-made 现成的22.*cipher /'saɪfə/ n. 密码23.susceptible to 易受...影响的24.overtake /əʊvə'teɪk/ v. 超过25.*align /ə'laɪn/ v. 使结盟；匹配26.*underpin /ʌndə'pɪn/ v. 支撑27.cap /kæp/ v. 限额28.to let 招租；出租29.*clique /kliːk/ n. 小集团；派系30.*hoard /hɔːd/ v. 囤积31.*egalitarian /ɪ,gælɪ'teərɪən/ a. 平等主义的（注:标*号为超纲词）【翻译点评】I ①It is depressing to discover that four in 10 adults in this country agreed with the statement that “having a wide variety of backgrounds and cultures has undermined British culture”. ②After all, such mainstays of British culture as curry, the Notting Hill carnival and bearded Muslim sports heroes were at one time all viewed as inimical to it. ③Cultures are dynamic things, developing organically from communities. ④They do not exist in isolation or remain static.⑤Having a range of cultures in Britain is normal, not novel.翻译：在这个国家，十个成年人里有四个同意这样的说法——多样化的背景和文化破坏了英国文化，这真是个令人沮丧的发现。

考研英语一阅读理解真题加解析1996 Passage 5[精品文档]

1996 Passage 5Rumor has it that more than 20 books on creationism/evolution are in the publisher's pipelines. A few have already appeared. The goal of all will be to try to explain to a confused and often unenlightened citizenry that there are not two equally valid scientific theories for the origin and evolution of universe and life. Cosmology, geology, and biology have provided a consistent, unified, and constantly improving account of what happened. "Scientific" creationism, which is being pushed by some for "equal time" in the classrooms whenever the scientific accounts of evolution are given, is based on religion, not science. Virtually all scientists and the majority of non-fundamentalist religious leaders have come to regard "scientific" creationism as bad science and bad religion.The first four chapters of Kitcher's book give a very brief introduction to evolution. At appropriate places, he introduces the criticisms of the creationists and provides answers. In the last three chapters, he takes off his gloves and gives the creationists a good beating. He describes their programmes and tactics, and, for those unfamiliar with the ways of creationists, the extent of their deception and distortion may come as an unpleasant surprise. When their basic motivation is religious, one might have expected more Christian behavior.Kitcher is philosopher, and this may account, in part, for the clarity and effectiveness of his arguments. The non-specialist will be able to obtain at least a notion of the sorts of data and argument that support evolutionary theory. The final chapter on the creationists will be extremely clear to all. On the dust jacket of this fine book, Stephen Jay Gould says: "This book stands for reason itself." And so it does — and all would be well were reason the only judge in the creationism/evolution debate.67. "Creationism" in the passage refers to ________.[A] evolution in its true sense as to the origin of the universe[B] a notion of the creation of religion[C] the scientific explanation of the earth formation[D] the deceptive theory about the origin of the universe68. Kitcher's book is intended to ________.[A] recommend the views of the evolutionists[B] expose the true features of creationists[C] curse bitterly at this opponents[D] launch a surprise attack on creationists69. From the passage we can infer that ________.[A] reasoning has played a decisive role in the debate[B] creationists do not base their argument on reasoning[C] evolutionary theory is too difficult for non-specialists[D] creationism is supported by scientific findings70. This passage appears to be a digest of ________.[A] a book review[B] a scientific paper[C] a magazine feature[D] a newspaper editorial重点词汇：pipeline （管道；流水线）←pipe+line 。

考研英语冲刺试题及解析(阅读理解5)

考研英语冲刺试题及解析（阅读理解5）A great deal of attention is being paid today to the so-calleddigital divide — the division ofthe world into the info(information) rich and the info poor. And that dividedoes exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty yearsago. What was less visible then, however, were the new, positive forces thatwork against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide willnarrow. As the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in theinterest of business to universalize access—afterall, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More andmore governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spreadInternet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people onthe planet will be netted together. As a result, I now believe the digitaldivide will narrow rather than widen in the years ahead. And that is very goodnews because the Internet may well be the most powerful tool for combatingworld poverty that we’ve ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn’t the only way to defeatpoverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormouspotential.To take advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries willhave to get over their outdated anti-coloni a l prejudices with respect toforeigninvestment. Countries that still think foreign investment is an invasion oftheir sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure (the basicstructural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the UnitedStates built its industrials infrastructure, it didn’t have the capital to doso. And that is why America’s Second Wave infrastructure—including roads, barbors, highways, ports and so on—were built with foreign investment. The English, the Germans, theDutch and the French were investing in Britain’s former colony. They financedthem. Immigrant Americans built them. Guess who owns them now? The Americans. Ibelieve the same thing would be true in places like Brazil or anywhere else forthat matter. The more foreign capital you have helping you build your ThirdWave infrastructure, which today is an electronic infrastructure, the betteroff you’re going to be. That doesn’t mean lying down and becoming fooled, orletting foreign corporations run uncontrolled. But it does mean recognizing howimportant they can be in building the energy and telecom infrastructures neededto take full advantage of the Internet.25. Digital divide is something _________.[A]getting worse because of the Internet[B]the rich countries are responsible for[C]the world must guard against[D]considered positive today26. Governments attach importance to the Internet because it_________.[A]offers economic potentials[B]can bring foreign funds[C]can soon wipe out world poverty[D]connects people all over the world27. The writer mentioned the case of the United States to justifythe policy of _________.[A]providing financial support overseas[B]preventing foreign capital’s control[C]building industrial infrastructure[D]accepting foreign investment28. It seems that now a country’s economy depends much on_________.[A]how well-developed it is electronically[B]whether it is prejudiced against immigrants[C]whether it adopts America’s industrial pattern[D]how much control it has over foreign corporations名师解析25. Digital divide is something _______. 数字鸿沟是______ 。

考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--1995年part5

考研英语历年阅读理解真题精析--1995年part5Part FiveThat experiences influence subsequent behavior is evidence of an obvious but nevertheless remarkable activity called remembering. Learning could not occur without the function popularly named memory. Constant practice has such as effect on memory as to lead to skillful performance on the piano, to recitation of a poem, and even to reading and understanding these words. So-called intelligent behavior demands memory , remembering being a primary requirement for reasoning. The ability to solve any problem or even to recognize that a problem exists depends on memory. Typically, the decision to cross a street is based on remembering many earlier experiences .Practice （or review）tends to build and maintain memory for a task or for any learned material. Over a period of no practice what has been learned tends to be forgotten; and the adaptive consequences may not seem obvious. Yet, dramatic instances of sudden forgetting can seem to be adaptive. In this sense, the ability to forget can be interpreted to have survived through a process of natural selection in animals. Indeed, when one's memory of an emotionally painful experience lead to serious anxiety, forgetting may produce relief. Nevertheless, an evolutionary interpretation might make it difficult to understand how the commonly gradual process of forgetting survived natural selection.In thinking about the evolution of memory together with all its possible aspects, it is helpful to consider what would happen if memories failed to fade. Forgetting clearly aids orientation in time, since old memories weaken and the new tend to stand out, providing clues for inferring duration. Without forgetting, adaptive abilitywould suffer, for example ,learned behavior that might have been correct a decade ago may no longer be. Cases are recorded of people who （by ordinary standards）forgot so little that their everyday activities were full of confusion. This forgetting seems to serve that survival of the individual and the species.Another line of thought assumes a memory storage system of limited capacity that provides adaptive flexibility specifically through forgetting. In this view, continual adjustments are made between learning or memory storage （ input）and forgetting （output）. Indeed, there is evidence that the rate at which individuals forget is directly related to how much they have learned. Such data offers gross support of contemporary models of memory that assume an input-output balance.17. From the evolutionary point of view,__.（A）forgetting for lack of practice tends to be obviously inadaptive .（B）if a person gets very forgetful all of a sudden he must be very adaptive（C）the gradual process of forgetting is an indication of an individual' s adaptability（D）sudden forgetting may bring about adaptive consequences18. According to the passage, if a person never forgot ,__.（A）he would survive best（B）he would have a lot of trouble（C）his ability to learn would be enhanced（D）the evolution of memory would stop19. From the last paragraph we know that__.（A）forgetfulness is a response to learning（B）the memory storage system is an exactly balanced input-output system（C）memory is a compensation for forgetting（D）the capacity of a memory storage system is limited because forgetting occurs20. In this article, the author tries to interpret the function of__.（A）remembering （B）forgetting（C）adapting D）experiencingUnit 2（1995）Part5重点词汇：subsequent（随后的）←sub+sequ+ent，sub-在下，sequ（=follow）词根"跟随"，-ent形容词后缀。

1997年考研英语第五篇阅读解析

1997年考研英语第五篇阅读解析【原创实用版】目录一、1997 年考研英语第五篇阅读解析概述二、文章主要内容1.文章背景及作者观点2.文章结构和逻辑3.文章中的具体例子和论据三、文章的结论和启示四、对考研英语阅读理解的思考和建议正文一、1997 年考研英语第五篇阅读解析概述1997 年考研英语第五篇阅读理解真题解析，主要针对一篇关于美国临时就业机构的文章进行深入剖析。

文章介绍了这家机构的发展历程、经营模式以及在当时美国社会中的地位和影响。

通过分析这篇文章，考生可以更好地理解阅读理解题的出题思路和解题技巧。

二、文章主要内容1.文章背景及作者观点这篇文章主要讲述了美国最大的临时就业机构 Manpower, Inc.的发展历程和经营模式。

作者通过介绍这家公司的历史、规模以及与美国经济的紧密联系，表现出对临时就业这一现象的关注。

同时，作者对 Manpower, Inc.的经营模式和其在美国社会中的地位表示肯定，认为这家公司为美国经济做出了积极贡献。

2.文章结构和逻辑文章的结构分为三部分：引言、正文和结论。

引言部分简要介绍了Manpower, Inc.的背景和地位；正文部分详细阐述了该公司的发展历程、经营模式以及在美国社会中的影响；结论部分对全文进行了总结，并提出了对临时就业现象的看法。

整篇文章逻辑清晰，层次分明，有助于考生更好地理解文章内容。

3.文章中的具体例子和论据文章中使用了多个具体例子和论据来支持作者的观点。

例如，文章提到了 Manpower, Inc.在经济萧条时期如何帮助失业者找到工作，以及如何通过培训和派遣员工等方式为美国企业提供人力资源保障。

这些例子充分说明了临时就业机构在美国社会中的重要作用。

三、文章的结论和启示通过对 Manpower, Inc.的深入剖析，文章得出了临时就业机构在美国社会中具有重要地位和积极作用的结论。

这为我们提供了启示：在解决就业问题上，临时就业机构是一种有效的途径，值得肯定和支持。

2018年可锐考研英语阅读经典文章内容讲解

2018年可锐考研英语阅读经典文章内容讲解（五）一．Combating addiction打击吸毒Can a vaccine stop drug abuse?是否有种疫苗能对付毒品滥用?It may be possible to vaccinate people against addictive drugs向吸毒者接种疫苗防止毒瘾将成为可能THE idea of vaccinating drug addicts against their affliction is an intriguing one.如何消除吸毒者的毒瘾折磨，是个有挑战性的命题。

In principle, it should not be too hard.从理论上来讲，这并不难。

The immune system works, in part, by making antibodies that are specific to particularsorts of hostile molecule.只要让免疫系统，产生某种针对这种恶性分子的抗体便可。

Such antibodies recognise and attach themselves to these molecules, rendering themharmless.这种抗体能识别并紧紧附在毒品分子上，尽可能消灭它们。

Vaccines work by presenting the immune system with novel targets, so that it can learn toreact to them if it comes across them again.疫苗让免疫系统有了明确的对付目标，系统便能在下次遇到该种病毒时有所反应，将其及时消灭The problem is that the molecules antibodies recognise and react to are the big ones, suchas proteins, that are characteristic of bacteria, viruses and other infectious agents.问题是，抗体能够识别出较大的分子，比如以蛋白质形式表现出来的，像细菌，病毒，或者别的感染物质。

考研英语报刊文章阅读及剖析0304190104

考研英语报刊文章阅读及剖析（1） The European Court sides with Levi Strauss in its battle with Tesco IT WAS a ruling that had consumers seething with anger and many a free trader crying foul. On November 20th the European Court of Justice decided that Tesco, a British supermarket chain, should not be allowed to import jeans made by America's Levi Strauss from outside the European Union and sell them at cut-rate prices without getting permission first from the jeans maker. Ironically, the ruling is based on an EU trademark directive that was designed to protect local, not American, manufacturers from price dumping. The idea is that any brand-owning firm should be allowed to position its goods and segment its markets as it sees fit: Levi's jeans, just like Gucci handbags, must be allowed to be expensive. Levi Strauss persuaded the court that, by selling its jeans cheaply alongside soap powder and bananas, Tesco was destroying the image and so the value of its brands--which could only lead to less innovation and, in the long run, would reduce consumer choice. Consumer groups and Tesco say that Levi's case is specious. The supermarket argues that it was just arbitraging the price differential between Levi's jeans sold in America and Europe--a service performed a million times a day in financial markets, and one that has led to real benefits for consumers. Tesco has been selling some 15,000 pairs of Levi's jeans a week, for about half the price they command in specialist stores approved by Levi Strauss. Christine Cross, Tesco's head of global non-food sourcing, says the ruling risks "creating a Fortress Europe with a vengeance". The debate will rage on, and has implications well beyond casual clothes (Levi Strauss was joined in its lawsuit by Zino Davidoff, a perfume maker). The question at its heart is not whether brands need to control how they are sold to protect their image, but whether it is the job of the courts to help them do this. Gucci, an Italian clothes label whose image was being destroyed by loose licensing and over-exposure in discount stores, saved itself not by resorting to the courts but by ending contracts with third-party suppliers, controlling its distribution better and opening its own stores. It is now hard to find cut-price Gucci anywhere. Brand experts argue that Levi Strauss, which has been losing market share to hipper rivals such as Diesel, is no longer strong enough to command premium prices. Left to market forces, so-so brands such as Levi's might well fade away and be replaced by fresher labels. With the courts protecting its prices, Levi Strauss may hang on for longer. But no court can help to make it a great brand again. 注(1)：本文选自Economist; 11/24/2001, Vol. 361 Issue 8249, p58, 1/2p 注(2)：本文习题命题模仿对象2001年真题text 5(其中因2001年真题text 5只有4个题目，所以本文第5题模仿参照对象为1999年 Text 1的第4题。

1997年考研英语阅读第五篇

文章标题：1997年考研英语阅读第五篇解析序号一：概述1997年考研英语阅读第五篇是考研历史上的一篇经典文章，题材涉及广泛，语言运用灵活多样，对考生的综合能力有着较高的要求。

本文将对该文章进行逐段分析，帮助考生更好地理解文章内容，提升阅读理解能力。

序号二：文章内容概述1997年考研英语阅读第五篇主要讨论了全球化对人类社会的影响。

文章围绕全球化的定义、具体表现以及对不同国家和个人的影响展开论述，提出了几个观点，并对其中的现象和问题进行了深入分析。

序号三：全球化的定义全球化可以被定义为随着科技、经济和文化发展，不同国家和地区之间相互依存和相互影响的程度不断加深。

文章指出，全球化不仅仅是一种经济现象，还涉及到政治、社会和文化等多个层面。

序号四：全球化的具体表现在具体表现方面，全球化可以体现在商品交换、资本流动、信息传播和人员流动等方面。

文章通过举例和数据分析，展示了全球化给不同国家和地区带来的影响，同时也指出了全球化过程中存在的一些问题和矛盾。

序号五：全球化对不同国家和个人的影响全球化对不同国家和个人的影响是巨大而复杂的。

在一些发达国家，全球化带来了更多的机会和发展空间，但也加剧了贫富差距和环境问题。

而在一些发展我国家，全球化则可能导致资源外流、文化冲突和社会动荡。

序号六：对全球化现象的反思文章对全球化现象进行了深入的反思。

全球化带来的问题和挑战需要我们认真思考和解决，同时也需要寻找更好的发展道路。

文章呼吁各国应该加强合作，推动全球化朝着更加公正、均衡的方向发展。

序号七：结语1997年考研英语阅读第五篇是一篇涉及全球化议题的重要文章，其内容涉及广泛，语言运用精湛。

通过对该文章的逐段分析，相信考生们对全球化现象和影响有了更深入的理解，也为考试中的阅读理解打下了坚实的基础。

希望考生能够在备考过程中加强对相关知识点的掌握，取得优异的成绩。

对全球化问题的深入思考和讨论，是当前世界各国都面临的重要课题。

全球化既带来了机遇和挑战，也对不同国家和个人的发展产生了重大影响。

考研英语阅读题源时代周刊解析（5）

考研英语阅读题源时代周刊解析（5）考研英语阅读题源详解(5)The Apples Come Together1. The 30-year legal battle between the two companies known as Apple—the California maker of computers and iPods, and the London guardian of the musical legacy of the Beatles—has come to a close.Having fought intermittently over the appropriate way to divide the rights to the Apple name on each of its products, the two companies say they have reached an amicable settlement that will assign all trademarks to Apple Inc. (AAPL). The deal calls for certain trademarks to be licensed back to Apple Corps for continued use. Financial terms were not disclosed, but the two companies say each will pay its own legal fees, which have amounted to around $6 million.2. Rumors have been flying in recent weeks that a settlement of their latest legal spat may pave the way for the arrival of the Beatles’ musical catalog on Apple’s iTunes Store, but no details were released on whether that debut was imminent.During the trial, Neil Aspinall, head of Apple Corps, disclosed that the company was in the process of remastering the Beatles catalog for digital distribution. Apple’s iTunes would appear to be the most likely candidate to maximize sales. However, RealNetworks (RNWK) has secured the rights to distribute the solo works of John Lennon.But bringing the music to iTunes isn’t as clear a proposition as it might seem on first glance. Many of the distribution and publishing rights to the songs are controlled by Sony/ATV, a holding company that had been partially controlled by the singer Michael Jackson. Last year, Jackson gave Sony the option to purchase his portion of the Sony/ATV joint-venture. Sony has yet to decide whether to buy Jackson’s stake.Meanwhile, the clock is ticking on the rights to Beatles music. 3. Additionally, only six years remain on British copyright protection on the first batch of Beatles tunes released in 1963, unless the British government reverses its position on extending copyrights beyond 50 years after a work’s release. 4. If left unchanged, It appears that the time to cash in on digital sales via services like iTunes is starting to evaporate , especially if the music is set to start leaking into the public domain in the country where it was originally produced.catalog to iT unes. Clearly Apple’s high-impact advertising machine could structure a campaign designed to make an Apple-Apple digital music tieup a major event.What’s more, a digital media alliance with the Beatles might not only entail music, but a good deal of video content. The Beatles starred in several feature films. In addition to movies, there are several concert performances and TV appearances that could be released on iTunes if rights agreements are reached.⼀、背景常识介绍代表披头⼠商业利益的苹果⾳乐公司⼀直拒绝与包括iTunes在内的在线⾳乐服务进⾏合作。

考研英语0405阅读

考研英语0405阅读
在考研英语的备考过程中，阅读理解部分是至关重要的。

它不仅占据了试卷的较大比重，而且对考生的词汇量、语法理解、逻辑推理和快速阅读能力都有很高的要求。

因此，掌握正确的阅读技巧和策略对于提高考研英语成绩至关重要。

首先，考生需要扩大词汇量。

词汇是阅读理解的基础，没有足够的词汇量，很难理解文章的主旨和细节。

因此，考生应该每天安排一定的时间来记忆和复习单词，尤其是那些高频词汇和专业术语。

其次，加强语法知识的学习也是提高阅读理解能力的关键。

语法不仅帮助我们理解句子结构，还能帮助我们更好地把握文章的逻辑关系。

因此，考生应该系统地复习英语语法，并通过大量的练习来巩固所学知识。

再者，培养快速阅读和略读的能力对于考研英语阅读同样重要。

在考试中，时间是非常宝贵的，因此考生需要学会如何快速地浏览文章，抓住文章的主旨大意，同时能够迅速定位到问题所涉及的具体段落。

此外，练习历年真题是提高阅读理解能力的有效方法。

通过分析历年的真题，考生可以熟悉考试的题型和出题规律，同时也能够检验自己的阅读水平和答题技巧。

最后，考生还应该注意培养良好的阅读习惯。

在阅读文章时，应该保持专注，避免分心。

同时，也要学会在阅读过程中做笔记，记录关键信息，以便于答题时能够快速回顾和定位。

总之，考研英语阅读理解部分的备考是一个系统的过程，需要考生在
词汇、语法、阅读技巧等多方面下功夫。

通过持续的努力和正确的方法，相信考生一定能够在考研英语阅读部分取得理想的成绩。

2022考研英语的阅读习题及答案5

2022考研英语的阅读习题及答案5Passage5In 1960-1961, Chad harvested 9800 tons of cotton seed for the first time in its history, and put out the flag a little too soon. The efforts of the authorities to get the peasants back to work, as they had slacked off a great deal the previous year during independence celebrations, largely contributed to it. Also, rains were well spaced, and continued through the whole month of October. If the 1961-1962 total is back to the region of 45000 tons, it is mostly because efforts slackened again and sowing was started too late.The average date of sowing is about July 1st. If this date is simply moved up fifteen or twenty days, 30000 to 60000 tons of cotton are gained, depending on the year. The peasant in Chad sows his millet first, and it is hard to criticize this instinctive priority given to his daily bread. An essential reason for his lateness with sowing cotton is that at the time when he should leave to prepare the fields he has just barely sold the cotton of the previous season. The work required to sow, in great heat, is psychologically far more difficult if one s pockets are full of money. The date of cotton sales should therefore be moved forward as much as possible, and purchases of equipment anddraught animals encouraged.Peasants should also be encouraged to save money, to help them through the difficult period between harvests. If necessary they should be forced to do so, by having the payments for cotton given to them in installments . The last payment would be made after proof that the peasant has planted before the deadline, the date being advanced to the end of June. Those who have done so would receive extra money whereas the last planters would not receive their last payment until later.Only the first steps are hard, because once work has started the peasants continue willingly on their way. Educational campaigns among the peasants will play an essential role in this basic advance, early sowing, on which all the others depend. It is not a matter of controlling the peasants. Each peasant will remain master of his fields. One could, however, suggest the need for the time being of kind but firm rule, which, as long as it cannot be realized by the people, should at least be for the people.1. In 1960-1961, Chad had a good harvest of cotton because.A)the government greatly encouraged peasantsB)rains favored the growth of cottonC)Chad gained independence in the previous yearD)Both A)and B)2. We learn from the passage that the date of sowing cotton is usually.A) on June 15thB) on July 15thC) on July 1stD) on July 20th3. As used in the third sentence of the second paragraph,daily breadrefers to.A) breakfastB)bread and butterC)riceD)millet4. In order to help them through the difficult time between harvests the peasants have to.A)sell cotton in advancePassage5In 1960-1961, Chad harvested 9800 tons of cotton seed for the first time in its history, and put out the flag a little too soon.The efforts of the authorities to get the peasants back to work, as they had slacked off a great deal the previous year during independence celebrations, largely contributed to it. Also, rains were well spaced, and continued through the whole month of October. If the 1961-1962 total is back to the region of 45000 tons, it is mostly because efforts slackened again and sowing was started too late.The average date of sowing is about July 1st. If this date is simply moved up fifteen or twenty days, 30000 to 60000 tons of cotton are gained, depending on the year. The peasant in Chad sows his millet first, and it is hard to criticize this instinctive priority given to his daily bread. An essential reason for his lateness with sowing cotton is that at the time when he should leave to prepare the fields he has just barely sold the cotton of the previous season. The work required to sow, in great heat, is psychologically far more difficult if one s pockets are full of money. The date of cotton sales should therefore be moved forward as much as possible, and purchases of equipment and draught animals encouraged.Peasants should also be encouraged to save money, to help them through the difficult period between harvests. If necessary they should be forced to do so, by having the payments forcotton given to them in installments . The last payment would be made after proof that the peasant has planted before the deadline, the date being advanced to the end of June. Those who have done so would receive extra money whereas the last planters would not receive their last payment until later.B)be encouraged to save moneyC)sow cotton in timeD)plant millet first5. Which of the following is NOT true?A)Educational campaigns are very important to early sowing.B)Of all the advances that the writer hopes for, early sowing is the most important.C)Peasants should remain the masters of their fields.D)Government might as well make good and firm rule for peasants.Answer1.D2.C3.D4.B5.B。

英语考研阅读——时代周刊

Thursday, Apr. 05, 2007America's Broken-Down ArmyBy Mark ThompsonAmerica's Broken-Down ArmyBy Mark ThompsonFor most Americans, the Iraq war is both distant and never ending. For Private Matthew Zeimer, it was neither. Shortly after midnight on Feb. 2, Zeimer had his first taste of combat as he scrambled to the roof of the 3rd Infantry Division's Combat Outpost Grant in central Ramadi. Under cover of darkness, Sunniinsurgents were attacking his new post from nearby buildings. Amid the smoke, noise and confusion, a blast suddenly ripped through the 3-ft. concrete wall shielding Zeimer and a fellow soldier, killing them both. Zeimer had been in Iraq for a week. He had been at his first combat post for two hours.If Zeimer's combat career was brief, so was his training. He enlisted last June at age 17, three weeks after graduating from Dawson County High School in eastern Montana. After finishing nine weeks of basic training and additional preparation in infantry tactics in Oklahoma, he arrived at Fort Stewart, Ga., in early December. But Zeimer had missed the intense four-week pre-Iraq training—a taste of what troops will face in combat—that his 1st Brigade comrades got at their home post in October. Instead, Zeimer and about 140 other members of the 4,000-strong brigade got a cut-rate, 10-day course on weapon use, first aid and Iraqi culture. That's the same length as the course that teaches soldiers assigned to generals' household staffs the finer points of table service.The Army and the White House insist the abbreviated training was adequate. "They can get desert training elsewhere," spokesman Tony Snow said Feb. 28, "like in Iraq." But outside military experts and Zeimer's mother disagree. The Army's rush to carry out President George W. Bush's order to send thousands ofadditional troops more quickly to Iraq is forcing two of the five new brigades bound for the war to skip standard training at Fort Irwin, Calif. These soldiers aren't getting the benefit of participating in war gameson the wide Mojave Desert, where gun-jamming sand and faux insurgents closely resemble conditions inIraq. "Given the new policy of having troops among the Iraqis," says Lawrence Korb, a former Pentagonpersonnel chief, "they should be giving our young soldiers more training, not less." Zeimer's mother wasunaware of the gap in her son's training until TIME told her about it on April 2. Two days later the Armydisclosed that Zeimer may have been killed by friendly fire. "They're shipping more and more young kidsover there who don't know what they're getting into," Janet Seymour said quietly after learning what herson had missed. "They've never seen war other than on the TV."The truncated training—the rush to get underprepared troops to the war zone—"is absolutelyunacceptable," says Representative John Murtha, the Pennsylvania Democrat and opponent of the war whochairs the House Appropriations defense subcommittee. A decorated Marine veteran of Vietnam, Murtha isexperiencing a sense of déjà vu. "The readiness of the Army's ground forces is as bad as it was right afterVietnam," Murtha tells TIME. Even Colin Powell—a retired Army general, onetime Chairman of the JointChiefs and Bush's first Secretary of State—acknowledges that after spending nearly six years fighting a small warin Afghanistan and four years waging a medium-size war in Iraq, the service whose uniform he wore for 35 yearsis on the ropes. "The active Army," Powell said in December, "is about broken." Bush warned that if Democrats in Congress did not pass a bill to fund the war on his terms, "the price of thatfailure will be paid by our troops and their loved ones." But they are already paying a price for decisions he hasmade, and the larger costs are likely to be borne for at least a generation. This is not only a matter of the U.S.'sability to defend itself at home and protect its interests overseas, vital though those missions are. The Army is theheart of the U.S. military, practicing what democracies sometimes manage only to preach. All soldiers arecreated equal; race and class defer to rank and merit. Except for the stars, the general wears the uniform of theprivate in combat. The Army is the public institution that sets the pace for others to follow, makes the stakeshigher, the demands greater. Its rewards are paid in glory and blood.A volunteer Army reflects the most central and sacred vow that citizens make to one another: soldiers protectand defend the country; in return, the country promises to give them the tools they need to complete theirmission and honor their service, whatever the outcome. It was Bush, on the eve of the 2000 election, whopromised "to all of our men and women in uniform and to their parents and to their families, help is on the way."Besides putting Powell at State, the President reinforced his Administration with two former DefenseSecretaries: Vice President Dick Cheney and, in the job for a second time, Donald Rumsfeld.So it is no small irony that today's U.S. Army finds itself under the greatest strain in ageneration. The Pentagonmade that clear April 2 when it announced that two Army units will soon return to Iraq without even a year athome, compared with the two years units have traditionally enjoyed. One is headed back after 47 days short of ayear, the other 81. "This is the first time we've had a voluntary Army on an extended deployment," says AndrewKrepinevich, a retired Army officer who advises his old service. "A lot of canaries are dropping dead in the mine."The main consequences of a tightly stretched Army is that men and women are being sent into combat with lesstraining, shorter breaks and disintegrating equipment. When those stories get out, they make it harder to retainsoldiers and recruit them in the first place. "For us, it's just another series of never-ending deployments, and formany, including me, there is only one answer to that—show me the door out," wrote an officer in a private e-mailto Congressman Steve Rothman of New Jersey.Army equipment is wearing out even faster than Army troops. Gear and weapons are usually left in the war zoneto be used by newly arriving troops. That grinds the equipment into scrap up to 10 times as fast as in peacetime.The lack of guns and armor back home has a boomerang effect: many of the troops training in the U.S. are notfamiliar with what they'll have to depend on once they arrive in Iraq.Today half the Army's 43 combat brigades are deployed overseas, with the remainder recovering from their latestdeployment or preparing for the next one. For the first time in decades, the Army's "ready brigade"—a unit of thefamed 82nd Airborne Division primed to parachute into a hot spot anywhere in the world within 72 hours—is aluxury the U.S. Army cannot afford. All its forces are already dedicated to the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan.Repeated combat tours have "a huge impact on families," General Peter Schoomaker, the Army chief of staff, toldCongress in February. Those deployed to Iraq or Afghanistan more than once—170,000 so far—have a 50%increase in acute combat stress over those who have been deployed only once. And that stress is what contributesto post-traumatic stress disorder, according to an Army study. "Their wives are saying, I know you're proud ofwhat you're doing, but we've got to get out of here," says Barry McCaffrey, a retired four-star general.New Defense Secretary Robert Gates concedes there are readiness problems. He toldCongress March 29 thatnext year's proposed $625 billion defense budget—the highest, adjusted for inflation, since World War II—will"make a good start at addressing the readiness" issues plaguing the Army. His first concern before taking thepost in December was his suspicion "that our ground forces weren't large enough," and he has urged troop hikesstarting next year.THE WRONG KIND OF WARThe Army's problems were long in the making, and the extended deployments in Iraq and Afghanistan haveexposed them for all to see: more than a decade of underfunding for boots on the ground while cold waradministrations from Richard Nixon's to Bill Clinton's spent lavishly on the Pentagon's high-tech wizardry. Thefirst Gulf War didn't help. It lasted 100 hours on the ground, was fought mainly from the air and reinforced theimpression that grunts matter less than geeks.Today's Army was molded for peacetime missions, with occasional spasms of all-out war, not for the lengthyguerrilla campaigns it is waging. "Following Vietnam, a lot of thoughtful officers said, This is not the kind of warthat we want to fight," explains Senator Jack Reed, Democrat of Rhode Island, a Vietnam-era Army officer.Counterinsurgency wars didn't play to the U.S.'s strong suit—superior technology—and instead demandedpatience, which is harder to come by in this culture. Even now, more than four years after invading Iraq, thePentagon seems to be investing much of its current $606 billion budget in an effort to fight the wrong war.America's potential enemies around the world watched the first Gulf War and learned that the U.S. wasunbeatable on a conventional battlefield. But the Defense Department lingered in a cold war hangover. The AirForce continues to buy $330 million fighters, and the Navy $2 billion submarines. (The Army is not free of thistendency. It wants to spend $160 billion on the Future Combat System, a network of 14 ground vehicles anddrones of questionable value in the irregular warfare that's likely in the 21st century.) Gates has second-guessedthe Pentagon's spending priorities and says he is studying whether the Defense Department is buying weapons"more tied to cold war needs than future needs." Even John Abizaid, the outgoing Army general whocommanded the troops fighting in Afghanistan and Iraq for the past three years, acknowledges that he never hadthe right tools for his mission. "This is not an Army that was built to sustain a long war," he told a Harvardaudience last fall. The force was so stretched, he warned Congress at the time, that a 20,000-strong troop surgein Iraq could not be sustained. Now that Abizaid is no longer in command, Bush has ordered 30,000 more troopsinto the fight.Those in charge deny there's a crisis. Schoomaker, the Army's top general, served in the Vietnam-era Army. "Iknow what an Army that's near broken smells like, what it looks like, how it acts," he said in January. "Drugproblems, race problems, insubordination—all kinds of things going on. We're nowhere near anything like that."General George Casey, who will succeed Schoomaker as the Army's top officer April 10, said at his confirmationhearing that "the Army is far from broken." The top brass acknowledge that they have had to husband theirresources, pushing soldiers and supplies into combat and shortchanging everything else left behind. But adetailed look at the Army's people and its gear shows that the institution is barely holding together.THE TROOPS ARE TIREDNearly 5,000 soldiers and their supporters met recently in Fort Lauderdale, Fla., at a gathering of theAssociation of the U.S. Army, a pro-Army group. A retired general spoke privately of a disconcerting change inrecent months in the wounded soldiers he visits at Walter Reed Army Medical Center. "Ever since the warstarted, they'd be saying all they wanted to do was to get back to their buddies in Iraq to keep on fighting," hesaid. "Now it's more about getting out and wondering about civilian jobs. There's very little chatter aboutrejoining the unit."That kind of frontline report unnerves the Army's high command. While they acknowledge that equipmentshortfalls and faulty plans have plagued the Iraq campaign, they have always been able to parry such concerns bypointing to G.I.s—including those wounded in action—who believe in the war and are gung-ho to re-enlist.The soldiers' change of heart is reflected in a poll by the independent Army Times. In December, for the firsttime, more troops surveyed disapproved of the President's handling of the war (42%)than approved of it (35%).Over the past two years, the number of troops surveyed who think victory is likely has fallen from 83% to 50%.Army suicides, an admittedly rough barometer of morale, show a steady increase, rising from 51 confirmed in2001 to 91 (plus seven possible suicides still under investigation) last year. Desertions are climbing.In the field, manpower shortages are everywhere. Captain David Eastburn's artillery company—part of the 2ndInfantry Division—arrived for its second tour in Iraq with only 72% of its personnel slots filled. "It just puts extrapressure on us," Eastburn, 30, says of his troops during a patrol in southeastern Baghdad. "They have to worklonger, harder to make up for the lack of personnel." After training to fire the artillery's big guns at foes 15 milesaway, his unit is pulling infantry duty. "I love the Army," the 12-year veteran, a native of Columbus, Ohio, says,"but I hate this war."LOWERING THE STANDARDSFor its part, the Bush Administration boasts of its plan to permanently boost the Army by 65,000 troops, to547,000, over the next five years. Gordon Sullivan, a retired Army chief of staff and head of the Association of theU.S. Army, says the service's size "should be approaching 700,000" to do the job the nation expects of it. Butwhere will such numbers come from?True, the Army is making its recruiting targets—but only by accepting less qualified people. Recruits from theleast-skilled category have climbed eightfold, to nearly 4%, over the past two years. Just 81% had high schooldiplomas last year, a sharp drop from 94% in 2003. The past two years have been the first in a decade in whichthe Army missed the Pentagon goal of 90% with diplomas. (The rest have GEDs.) The Army has boosted themaximum enlistment age from 35 to 42—but 12% of recruits over 35 drop out within six months, double the ratefor younger soldiers. To boost its numbers, the Army has had to cut its standards. It granted recruits nearly twiceas many waivers for felonies and other personal shortcomings in 2006 as it did in 2003. Such waivers allowprospects with criminal records, medical problems or poor aptitude scores to enlist. They climbed from 4,918 in2003 to 8,129 last year, Pentagon data show.One response to difficulties in recruitment: stop people from leaving. Sergeant IsaiahSantopoalo is one of70,000 soldiers who have been barred from quitting the Army by a stop-loss order that keeps G.I.s in uniformbeyond their retirement date or the end of their enlistment obligation. Since 2004, the Army has denieddepartures for troops headed to or already in Iraq or Afghanistan as a way to promote continuity in fightingunits. "I definitely want to get out," says Santopoalo, 22, of the 73rd Cavalry Regiment outside Baqubah, 30 mileseast of Baghdad. Three weeks before his enlistment was up last year, the Army ordered him to Iraq for a secondtour. He had been planning to live with his wife in Chicago and attend film school by now. Instead, Santopoalostalks Sunni insurgents through the palm groves. "You start to think about what life could be—sitting on a beachdrinking a Corona," he says. "That's when it affects you."The Army has been turning to its sister services for enlistees. About 20,000 "sandbox sailors" from the Navy andairmen from the Air Force are serving as "in lieu of" soldiers—driving trucks and providing security in Iraq andAfghanistan. Dedicating Air Force personnel to Army missions is hurting the Air Force, its leaders have toldCongress. "The Air Force doesn't guard prisoners. We don't have prisoners," Air Force Secretary Michael Wynnetold Congress Feb. 28. "The Army guards prisoners." But the Air Force is guarding them now in Iraq because theArmy doesn't have enough troops. The Army is even cannibalizing the other services' officer corps, recruiting 325so far (in exchange for a $2,500 bonus), with 200 more expected to switch to Army green this year, now that thebonus has been raised to $10,000.DOLING 0UT CASH AND PROMOTIONSTo keep soldiers in uniform, the Army is spending money like, well, a drunken sailor. It will pay out close to $1billion this year and next to attract and keep them in the force. The Army is weighing special dwell-time bonusesfor soldiers who spend less than two years at home between deployments. It's considering boosting, after onecombat tour, the $225 monthly bonus soldiers get for serving in a war zone.All these incentive campaigns are getting expensive. The service paid more than $600 million in retentionbonuses in 2006, up from $180 million in 2003. (If that seems excessive, the Army notes in an internaldocument, "New York Yankees payroll: About $350 million," although it's actuallycloser to $190 million.)Nearly all soldiers deployed to Iraq, Afghanistan or Kuwait receive up to $15,000 for re-enlisting. Soldiers andretirees pocket a $2,000 bounty for identifying a prospective recruit who enlists. (Immediate family is exempt.)On March 15, the service extended the bonus offer to its 240,000 civilians.There's more money to come. The Army is weighing a program that would offer soldiers a choice between a downpayment for a new home or money to launch a small business—up to $45,000. "Home-buying assistance is beingoffered by other employers (e.g., Princeton)," the Army argues in an internal document detailing the proposal,although the Ivy League school isn't quite so generous. The Army expects the program "to be a majorrecruiting-market attraction—the next Army College Fund," says Lieut. General Michael Rochelle, the Army's toppersonnel officer.Attracting and recruiting good men and women is a problem that goes up through the ranks. The Army will be atleast 3,000 midlevel officers short through 2013 because of overly deep cuts made in the young officers' ranks adecade ago. It has only 83% of the majors it needs, for example, and has what it calls "critical shortfalls" inspecialties such as aviation, intelligence, engineering and military police. To fill the gaps, the Army is promotinggreen officers more quickly. Captains are advancing to major after 10 years instead of 11; lieutenants can bepinned on as captains after 38 months instead of the usual 42. But the Government Accountability Office (GAO)recently warned that such fast promotion hurts officers' ability "to master their duties and responsibilities."The war in Iraq hurts in other ways too. As the public increasingly turns against the war, what the Army calls itsinfluencers—parents and teachers—are steering children away from military service. "Negative attitudes towardArmy ROTC are increasing on college campuses because of opposition to operations in Iraq," the GAO said in aJanuary report. Those attitudes—and budget cuts—meant there were only 25,100 ROTC cadets last year, 6,000shy of the target. The U.S. Military Academy generated 846 freshly minted 2nd lieutenants in 2006, 54 short ofits goal. West Point officials told the GAO that the reduction "may be the result of ongoing operations in Iraq."The war's toll can be seen in how many Army officers stay beyond their five-yearrequired minimum term ofservice. Just 62% of West Pointers re-upped, about 25 percentage points lower than at the other serviceacademies.A SHORTAGE OF GEARThe Army has also skimped on armor. "You go to war with the Army you have," Rumsfeld famously told a gruntwho complained of inadequate armor in 2004, "not the Army you might want." Lieut. General Stephen Speakes,the Army's top planner, recently recalled the shock Army leaders felt when Private Jessica Lynch and the 507thMaintenance Company stumbled into an ambush in Nasiriyah that left 11 of her comrades dead in the war'sopening days. "We found to our horror that this was a logistics unit that had no ... [major] weapons, no nightvision, none of the modern enablers for war," he said. "And we said, Well, they were never supposed to fight."The Pentagon war plan called for a neat conflict with well-defined front lines that support troops like Lynchcould be safely stationed behind.But in a guerrilla war, even those soldiers are on the front lines, and protecting them isn't cheap. A World War IIG.I. wore gear worth $175, in today's dollars. By Vietnam, it cost about $1,500. Today it's about $17,000.Amazingly, the Army had only 32,000 sets of body armor when the Iraq war began. The Army now insists thattroops don't go "outside the wire"—leave their heavily defended posts in Iraq—without adequate protection. Butthat's not what the Pentagon's inspector general reports. Some troops "experienced shortages of force-protectionequipment such as up-armored vehicles, electronic countermeasure devices ... weapons and communicationsequipment," an unclassified summary of a still secret Jan. 25 report says. "As a result, service members were notalways equipped to effectively complete their missions." Schoomaker, who declined an interview request,dismissed the inspector general's report at a February congressional hearing as "anecdotal in nature."But even if they are simply anecdotes, they are not the only signs of a crisis in gear. Beyond the lack of weaponsfor stateside troops, Army stockpiles of equipment around the globe are shrinking as their contents are siphonedto Iraq, reducing the nation's ability to respond to the next crisis. And what is in Iraq is often not what is needed.The military badly miscalculated what the war would look like. It had plenty of monstrous M-1 tanks andthin-skinned humvees but not much in between. Yet 70-ton tanks don't win many friends in Baghdad streets,and the canvas doors of Army humvees offer scant protection against improvised explosive devices (IEDs). TheArmy said at the start of the war it would need 235 armored humvees; the number is 18,000 today—and eachtime the Army improves the armor on the truck, the insurgents improve their IEDs. The Army has packed on allthe armor a humvee's transmission and axles can carry, so the military is rushing to buy 7,774 Mine ResistantAmbush Protected vehicles for an estimated $8.4 billion—more than $1 million each. Their V-shapedundercarriage is designed to deflect blasts from the soldiers on board.HOW TO FIX ITThe Army and the Pentagon bought into the notions that the war was going to be quick and easy and that victorywould come right after the next Iraqi elections or the ones after that. As such optimistic scenarios proved false,the problem of shortfalls in troops and matériel got worse each year. A Republican-controlled Congress, wary ofchallenging a G.O.P. President on the war's course, added some funds but not nearly enough. Next year the Armyis seeking a 19% budget hike, including a 55% rise in procurement dollars, to $130 billion.The only way to fix the Army's woes is to effect a change in money or mind-set or probably some of each. TheArmy has been starved for cash since the cold war's end. (Its leaders gripe that from 1990 to 2005, their servicepocketed just 16% of the Pentagon's hardware budget, while the Air Force got 36% and the Navy 33%.) Divertingfunds from some of those two services' high-tech—and costly—cold war weapons could help restore the Army'shealth. And the Army needs to change its preferred way of fighting—also a vestige of the cold war—pitting tanksagainst tanks along well-defined front lines. "The Army still tilts toward dealing with conventional threats, " saysKrepinevich, the retired Army officer. "I keep telling them, There's no tank army out there for you guys to fight."If the Pentagon or, just as likely, Congress prefers not to cut politically popular weapon systems, it could simplyratchet up the defense budget. Many defense experts say about a 4% slice of the GDP (currently $13 trillion ayear) should be viewed as the nation's "insurance premium" and be dedicated to the Pentagon. (It is at 3.8% nowand dipped as low as 3% from 1999 to 2001.) The downside: as the nation's economy continues to expand,taxpayers run the risk of paying too much for their military. The upside: any agreed-upon slice of the nationaleconomy would permit smarter budgeting, since the Pentagon could count on predictable funding. Finally, theU.S. could retool its military ambitions. Emphasizing diplomacy over war, and alliances over unilateral actions,could lead to a reduced need for defense dollars."One of my favorite sayings is, Experience is the ability to recognize a mistake when you make it again," Gatestold a congressional panel March 29. "Five times in the last 90 years, the United States has disarmed after aconflict—World War I, World War II, Korea, Vietnam and then the cold war." Gates noted that the U.S. spent9.8% of GDP at the height of the Vietnam war, 11.7% during the Korean conflict and 4.4% in 1991, at the end ofthe cold war. But after enjoying peace dividends for several years following each war, the U.S. "discovered thatthe world hadn't really changed" and was forced to beef up military spending. McCaffrey, the retired general, says the Joint Chiefs are responsible for the state of today's Army. Theyrubber-stamped Rumsfeld's plan to build a smaller, more agile force while fighting two wars. McCaffrey, aVietnam veteran, recalls the scolding lesson of Dereliction of Duty. That 1997 book explained how theVietnam-era Joint Chiefs' timidity in challenging Defense Secretary Robert McNamara allowed the U.S. to slideinto that war. Written by H.R. McMaster, an Army colonel now in Iraq, the book has been required reading formany military officers. "Should there be a Dereliction of Duty II?" McCaffrey wonders aloud. "The answer is,Yes, of course."Meanwhile, far away from Washington and from Iraq, Matthew Zeimer was buried Feb. 12 in the middle of aMontana snowstorm. Hundreds of mourners lined the route his hearse followed from Glendive's Sacred HeartCatholic Church to the hilltop Dawson County Cemetery. They stood in silent salute in the bitter 8° cold. Fivemembers of an Army honor guard fired off volleys of three shots each. The Army bugler stepped from his warmcar and played Taps into the biting wind. The Army honor guard carefully folded the。

考研英语阅读模拟试题及答案解析(五)1

考研英语阅读模拟试题及答案解析(五)1It was 3: 45 in the morning when the vote was finally taken. After six months of arguing and final 16 hours of hot parliamentary debates, Australia's Northern Territory became the first legal authority in the world to allow doctors to take the lives of incurably ill patients who wish to die. The measure passed by the convincing vote of 15 to 10. Almost immediately word flashed on the Internet and was picked up, half a world away, by John Hofsess, executive director of the Right to Die Society of Canada. He sent it on via the group's on-line service, Death NET. Says Hofsess: We posted bulletins all day long, because of course this isn't just something that happened in Australia. It's world history. The full import may take a while to sink in. The NT Rights of the Terminally Ill law has left physicians and citizens alike trying to deal with its moral andpractical implications. Some have breathed sighs of relief, others, including churches, right-to-life groups and the Australian Medical Association, bitterly attacked the bill and the haste of its passage. But the tide is unlikely to turn back. In Australia-where an aging population, life-extending technology and changing community attitudes have all playedtheir part-other states are going to consider making a similar law to deal with euthanasia. In the US and Canada, where the right-to-die movement is gathering strength, observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling. Under the new Northern Territory law, an adult patient can request death-probably by a deadly injection or pill-to put an end to suffering. The patient must be diagnosed as terminally ill by two doctors. After a cooling off period of seven days, the patient can sign a certificate of request. After 48 hours the wish for death can be met. For Lloyd Nickson, a 54-year-old Darwin resident suffering from lung cancer, the NT Rights of Terminally Ill law means he can get on with living without the haunting fear of his suffering: a terrifying death from his breathing condition. I'm not afraid of dying from a spiritual point of view, but what I was afraid of was how I'd go, because I've watched people die in the hospital fighting for oxygen and clawing at their masks, he says. 1. From the second paragraph we learn that ________. （A）the objection to euthanasia is slow to come in other countries （B）physicians and citizens share the same view on euthanasia （C）changing technology is chiefly responsible for the hasty passage of the law （D）it takes time to realize thesignificance of the law's passage 2. When the author says that observers are waiting for the dominoes to start falling, he means ________. （A）observers are taking a wait-and-see attitude towards the future of euthanasia （B）similar bills are likely to be passed in the US, Canada and other countries （C）observers are waiting to see the result of the game of dominoes （D）the effect-taking process of the passed bill may finally come to a stop 3. When Lloyd Nickson dies, he will ________. （A）face his death with calm characteristic of euthanasia （B）experience the suffering of a lung cancer patient （C）have an intense fear of terrible suffering （D）undergo a cooling off period of seven days 4. The author's attitude towards euthanasia seems to be that of ________. （A）opposition （B）suspicion （C）approval （D）indifference。

考研英语阅读同源外刊(时代周刊)

Why shouldn't you charge your phone while you're sleeping?为什么不该在夜里给手机充电?It's a commuter's nightmare - sitting down on the bus or train only to discover that your phone battery has hit the red. How will you check those all important emails now? Or post that amusing Tweet you just thought of?这是上班族的噩梦——坐在公交或地铁上却发现手机快没电了。

那么你该如何查看那些重要的邮件呢？或者说刚想到的一个趣事也没办法发推了。

A simple solution might be to charge your phone overnight, so it's ready to go when you are, but as it turns out, this might not be the best idea. Experts have warned that sleeping by a charging phone could in fact be bad for us. According to David Gale, of Gale & Snowden, an eco-architecture firm, our nervous system operates on very low voltage electricity.一个简单的办法就是晚上睡觉前给手机充电，这样手机随时都是满电状态。

但事实证明，这或许并不是一个好主意。

专家警告称，睡在正在充电的手机旁可能会对我们的身体有害。

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