文体学课件

Using questions or commands to involve hearers. Hearers will have corresponding reactions in the way of laughter or applause etc.
Example
Dialogue
A: Oh my gosh, Jason, is that you? B: Andrew! Hey! What's up! A: I am thrilled to see you here! What a surprise!
Written language
That is, A spoken text consists of a succession of constantly varying noises in the air; A written text consists of groups of small black signs on paper.
Pay attention to how the speaker begin a conversation.
A written text Presuming the absence of the reader. The author can’t get direct feedback from the reader. Sometimes, the author may create potential reader and put this feedback into the text.
A written text More careful than speaking. Having a clear subject (or clue). Making logical arrangement of their thought. Otherwise, the author cannot write a exquisite coherent essay.
Part2,Differences in linguistic explicitness
Speech The speaker rely on their common background knowledge and immediate context.( something don’t need to say clearly ) Example: --Are you coming back for supper, Jane? --It’s Monday, mom.
What is “normal non-fluency”
Hesitation pauses, false starts and syntactic anomalies(异常) are feathers of being non-influent in the sense of lacking an ideal delivery, and yet normal in the sense of occurring habitually in speech, as illustrated in the following conversation:
A written text Has no direct context for understanding. Readers don’t share author’s personal background knowledge. The author has to explicit necessary information for readers to understand.
The girl’s answer appears to be irrelevant, (violate the maxim of relation), yet the mother understood her—Jane had to go an evening school on Monday and would not come back for supper. (this may be a convention or thing known by mom and Jane)
Chapter6 Spoken vs. Written Language
6.1 Striking differences
Review
Language is transmitted by means of audible sound waves in the air or visible marks on a surface. Spoken language
Part3,Differences in preparedness
Speech Spontaneous Do not concentrate only on one subject, they can talk about whatever they want to.( random shift of topics) There is phenomenon of “normal nonfluency” in conversational language.
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Three striking differences
Part1,Differences in hearer/reader involvement
Speeches Assuming the presence of the hearer; Using signals like oh, well, you know etc.
Thank you for listening!
A:--I er-er- that er- I want you possibly… to do me a favor. B:--What？ A:--er- can you lend me 200 dollars? B:--er- er(created by myself and used between two Chinese.)