高中英语作文教学 (1)
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英语作文
一、书面表达应该注意的几个方面:
1、开头三句话要规范地道,如果第一句话就不规范或错误很多,阅卷老师在心里很可能把该作文定在一个很低的档次. 即使后面有一两个较好的句子,也很难改变这个印象,后面的好句子很可能被忽略了,因为阅卷老师太累或类似的试卷太多.大多数作文的档次都是在评卷的前10秒钟决定的,如果前三句话看起来像高档次的作文阅卷老师就会在这一档次的作文分数段里选定一个合适的分数.
2、写要点的句子要突出、清楚、不要让阅卷老师在字里行间费力搜索文章的要点。要把要点放在明显的地方,让阅卷老师一看便知道这篇文章有几层意思,不要遗漏了汉语提供的要点,无论你把其中某一个要点或两三个要点写得多么好只要没写完,作文的档次就上不去。
3、卷面要整洁。
4、标点符号要规范:独立的简单句用句号, 并列句在有并列连词时才可用逗号,如果没有并列连词,就只能用句号或分号, 复合句中主句和从句之间可以用逗号,从句前一定要有引导词(从属连词或副词)。并列句之间、主从句之间要用逗号,除此之外,大多数情况下句子之间都要用句号。
5、单词拼写要正确。
6、作文字数要足:在写作时字的大小最好适中,这样整篇作文看起来要充实些。
二、英语作文教学中的几个步骤:
(一)、审题:
1.审格式/体裁/题材/主题
2.审时态/人称(书信、议论文以现在完成时态为主)
3.审要点:根据汉语意思判定几个要点,一定要把汉语提供的要点写完, 主要以五种简单句为主,适当使用定语从句、非谓语动词、倒装句、强调句、名词性从句。
第一段主要简介讨论的观点;第二段为正文要点写作;第三段发表作者观点。
(二)、审好题以后就找出与短文相关的主要句型。比如说要写一篇书信类文章,开头和结尾一般比较固定:
书信的开头套语:
1.I am writing to tell you that +(宾语从句)
2.I’m writing to ask you about whether +(宾语从句)
3.I’m glad to tell you that +(宾语从句)
4.How is everything going?
5.How are you getting along with your studies / work ?
结尾套语:
1.I’m looking forward to hearing from you as soon as possible..
2.Expecting / Hoping to hear from you as soon as possible.
3.Give my best regards / wishes to your father / mother …….
4.Looking forward to your next visit to China.
再比如说要写一篇观点对比类文章,开头和结尾一般为:开头句式:介绍讨论的主题
1.We had a discussion about whether students should be allowed to …….
2.We’ve had a survey on whether students should be allowed to ……
3.I’m writing to tell you about a discussion we have had about whether students should be allowed to ……
过度句:
1.Opinions are divided on this issue.
2.Opinions are mainly divided into two groups.
3.Different people, however, have different opinions on this matter.
4.Different people, however, think quite differently on this matter.
提出正方观点的句式:
1.Sixty percent of the students are for the idea.
2.Sixty percent of the students think it necessary to…
3.Some people think that …According to them, all of us should
提出反方观点:
1.However , Forty percent of the students think …
2.On the other hand, Forty of the students think…
(三)、审好题以后就找出与短文相关的关联词:First of all, Besides(此外), What’s more?(再者) Moreover(而且); therefore(因此); however(然而), otherwise(否则), on the contrary(相反), on the one hand(一方面)…, on the other hand(另一方面)…, in other words(换句话说); As far as I know(据我所知)…,As all know/As is known to us(正如大家都知道的那样); Generally / speaking(一般地说), in a word(总之).
(四)有用的短语:in order to do(为了),take some measures to do (采取一些措施做某事),adopt/take / follow one’s advice采纳某人的建议,give some advice on sth 就某事提出建议, advice sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事, have an active /optimistic attitude to sth 对待某事有积极/乐观的态度, prevent/stop/keep sb from doing sth 阻止某人干某事 make full use of time/room 充分利用时间/空间比如关于环保的话题作文我们就可以这样写:Our environment has suffered from a lot of pollution,In order to protect our planet.We should have an active attitude to it and take some measure to prevent some people from cutting down trees and throwing litter away
(四) 范文
假定你是某中学学生魏华。最近你班同学正参加上海中学生英文报“大家谈”栏目的一个讨论,本次话题:父母的收入有没有必要让孩子知道?请你根据下表所列情况给报社写一封信,客观地介绍讨论情况。(议论文)
70%的同学认为30%的同学认为
1.父母的收入应该让孩子知道
2.知道后,知其来之不易,能够更加努力学习
1.父母的收入没有必要让孩子知道.
2.如果知道父母收入较好,会助长乱花钱风气.