动词不定式教案和练习

Infinitives

动词不定式

教学目标：

1. 掌握动词不定式的几种形式

2. 掌握动词不定式在句子中可以作什成分

3. 掌握动词不定式用法/功能

4. 掌握运用动词不定式注意事项教学难点：动词不定式用法教学方法：通过放映幻灯片，教师讲解，学生思考，最后总结的方法来实现本课的教学任务。

教学过程：

Stepl.出示幻灯片让学生了解动词不定式的几种形式

1. 动词不定式的基本形式

to + 动词原形

有时可以不带to( 秃头不定式)

2. 动词不定式的否定形式

not/never + to do

not/never + do

3. 不定式的逻辑主语

It ' s good for you to do morning exercises.

The question is too difficult for us to answer. It 'toso dark for me to see anything room.

It ' s very kind of you to think of the others.

如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个for(of) 引起的短语。for(of) 的宾语叫不定式的逻辑主语。

Step2. 请学生思考：动词不定式在句子中可以作什成分？学生得出结论：

1. 作主语

2. 作宾语

3. 作宾语补足语

4. 作定语

5. 作状语

5. 作状语

6. 作表语

7. 与疑问词等连用

Step3. 出示幻灯片让学生根据总结结果加强记忆。

Step4. 讨论动词不定式用法/功能，并总结：

(1) . 作主语

To see is to believe.

It ' s exciting to surf on the Internet in the 介词

作主语的不定式如果很短， 通常位于句首； 若不定式 (短语) 而把真正的主语(即动词不定式)放在后面以避免头重脚轻。

(2) 宾语

I want to go home. The workers decided to get better pay.

I found it necessary to talk to him again. 常用动词不定式作宾语的动

词有： want, hope, wish, refuse, learn, would like, choose, decide,

agree, prete nd, expect, pla n …

He found it very difficult to get to sleep 不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语

补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用 语+动词+it+宾补(形容词、名

词) +不定式”结构。

感官动词和使役动词等后接不定式作宾补 时，需省 to 。但在被动语态中要还帽子。 The boss makes them work 15 hours a day.

I saw the accident happen yesterday.

He was made to do his work (by me).

(3) . 宾补

The teacher told me to clean the blackboard. I expect you to give me some help.

He often helps me (to) repair my bike. 常用动词不定式作宾补的动词有： tell, ask, want, warn, wish, allow, encourage, expect, teach, help

(4) . 定语

I have something to say. He has a lot of homework to do . He is looking for a room to live in . There is nothing to worry about. 动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修 饰的名词或代词后。如果不定式中的动词 是不及物动词 ,则要带上与之搭配的介词， 构成及物动词短语。

(5) 状语

He got up early to catch the train. Let ' s stop to have a res.t

I ' m very happy to see you. He ' s too young to go to school. She is old enough to dress herself 动词不定式作状语主要用来表示目的， 原因，或结果等。

(6) . 表语

My job is to help the patient.

Your task is to clean the classroom.

不定式可以放在 be 动词后，形成表语。

（7） 与疑问词连用

He didn ' t know what to say. （宾语 ）

How to solve the problem is very important.（ 主语） My question is when to start. （ 表语 ） 不定式与疑问词 who, which, when, how, what 等连用，形成带疑问词的不定式。在句中起名 词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。

在与 why 连用时，只用于 why 或 why not 开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不 带 to 。 Why do sth.? Why not do sth.?

Step5 出示幻灯片让学生注意几个易错点。

1. 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同： remember to do

记住要做某事； remember doing 记得曾经做过某事

较长时， 常用 it 作形式主语， it 作形式宾语，构成 “主