动词不定式(to do)教案

——动词不定式（to do)

1. 请填出不定式的相关形式。

不定式：

时态主动态被动态

一般式

进行式

完成式

不定式的否定形式： not + 不定式

请问不定式在句中可作哪些成分？

____________________________________________ 3. 请画出下列句子中的不定式并说出它是哪种形式。

1. John said that he had run in order to catch the bus. （一般式的主动态）

2. He hated to be misunderstood by others. (一般式的被动态)

3. He pretended to be listening attentively. (进行式)

4. He intended to have told you that. (完成式主动态)

5. This work of art seemed to have been created several centuries ago. (完成式的被动态)

三. 典例引领，变式内化

（一）动词不定式在句中充当的成分

(1)作主语。

例：To see once is better than to hear a hundred times.

变式训练1：To make money is not the only purpose of our life.赚钱不是我们生活的唯一目的

在很多情况下，常用it 来充当动词不定式的形式主语。

例：It is important for us to learn English very well.对我们来说学好英语是非常重要的。

变式训练2： It is necessary for us to protect environment. 对我们来说保护环境是很有必

要的。

(2)作宾语，常用在以下动词后：

help，hope，ask，refuse，decide，promise，wish，pretend，expect，arrange，learn，plan，demand，dare，manage，agree，prepare，fail，determine，offer，choose，desire，elect，long，(happen，seem)

例如：He managed to pass the exam.他成功地通过了考试。

He promised to be here at nine.他答应9点钟到这儿。

I didn’t expect to see you here.我没有料到在这儿见到你。

在某些复合宾语中，用it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。

例如：He considered it better to leave now.他认为最好现在就离开。

I found it impossible to finish the work on time.我发现准时完成这项工作是不可能的。

变式训练1： I hope to receive you letter. 我希望收到你的来信。

变式训练2： I decide to take part in the English speech contest. 我决定参加英语演讲比

赛。

变式训练3： He think it difficult to learn grammer. 他觉得学语法很难。（it做形式宾语）(3)作定语（常置于名词之后）。

由only, last, next 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语; 不定式还可用作名词

代词的的宾语 (ability, anything, attempt, chance, curiosity, desire, decision, determination,

effort, failure,

intention, need, nothing, opportunity, place, plan, promise, reason, right, something)

例1:She is always the first student to arrive at school.

变式训练1：He is always the last one to leave the office.他总是最后一个离开办公室。

变式训练2：I don’t think he is the best man to do the job.我想他不是做这项工作的最佳人选。例2：I have no desire to travel.

变式训练1：You have a task to finish. 你有一项任务要完成

注：动词不定式to后所接动词若是不及物动词，而不定式与其修饰的动词之间有动宾关系，这个不定式后就应有必要的介词。

例如：I haven’t decided which hotel to stay at.

I found no one to play with.

(4)作状语

例如：I walked slowly on the ice in order not to fall down.（不至于跌倒） (表目的)

They lifted a rock only to drop it on their own feet. (表结果)

He tried only to fail. （结果没有成功）

She was happy to hear the news. (表原因)

变式训练1：He hurried to the station,only B the bus left one minute ago.

A. telling

B. to be told

C. tell

D. to tell

变式训练2：He hurried to the station,only A the bus left one minute ago.

A. to find

B.found

C. to be found

D. find

不定式常用于修饰下列形容词:

able,afraid,angry, anxious, apt, careful, careless, certain, clever, considerate, delighted, difficult,eager, easy, fit, frightened , happy, interesting, likely, lucky, quick, ready, reluctant , right, sorry, surprised, sure, thoughtful, thoughtless, unable, unwilling, wrong etc.

例如：French is difficult to learn. 法语难学。

变式训练: I’m sorry to int errupt you, but I have to. (interrupt)

(5)作独立副词成分。

例如：To speak frankly, I don’t like your attitude.

变式训练: To be honest, learning English well is not difficult. 老实说，学好英语并不难。(6)与疑问词连用。疑问代词who, what, which和疑问副词when, where, how等后加动词不定式，构成不定式短语，可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等成分。

例如：When to start has not been decided.什么时候出发还没有定。

变式训练1：The problem is how to get there on time.问题是怎样才能准时到达哪儿。

变式训练2：He didn’t know what to do next.他不知道接下来要做什么。

变式训练3：I haven’t decided whether to go to Japan.我没有决定是否到日本去。

（7)不定式的复合结构

由for + 名词或代词 + 动词不定式构成的复合结构在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、状语等。

例如：It is necessary for you to finish the work before Friday.你们有必要在星期五前做完这项工作。

由of 引出的不定式复合结构，经常与以下形容词连用：bold, brave, careless, civil, clever,

courageous, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, rash, right, rude, stupid, silly, thoughtful, thoughtless,

wrong, wise等。

例如：It’s kind of you to say so.

变式训练：It’s brave of you to go into the burning building to save the baby!你真勇敢，冲进