动词不定式教案和练习

Infinitives

动词不定式

教学目标：

1.掌握动词不定式的几种形式

2.掌握动词不定式在句子中可以作什成分

3.掌握动词不定式用法/功能

4.掌握运用动词不定式注意事项

教学难点：动词不定式用法

教学方法：通过放映幻灯片，教师讲解，学生思考，最后总结的方法来实现本课的教学任务。

教学过程：

Step1.出示幻灯片让学生了解动词不定式的几种形式

1.动词不定式的基本形式

●to + 动词原形

●有时可以不带to(秃头不定式）

2.动词不定式的否定形式

not/never + to do

not/never + do

3.不定式的逻辑主语

It’s good for you to do morning exercises.

The question is too difficult for us to answer. It’s too dark for me to see anything in the room.

It’s very kind of you to think of the others.

如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个for(of)引起的短语。介词for(of)的宾语叫不定式的逻辑主语。

Step2. 请学生思考：动词不定式在句子中可以作什成分？

学生得出结论：

1.作主语

2. 作宾语

3. 作宾语补足语

4. 作定语

5. 作状语

5. 作状语

6. 作表语

7. 与疑问词等连用

Step3. 出示幻灯片让学生根据总结结果加强记忆。

Step4. 讨论动词不定式用法/功能，并总结：

(1). 作主语

To see is to believe.

It’s exciting to surf on the Internet

作主语的不定式如果很短，通常位于句首；若不定式（短语）较长时，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语（即动词不定式）放在后面以避免头重脚轻。

(2) 宾语

I want to go home.

The workers decided to get better pay.

I found it necessary to talk to him again.

常用动词不定式作宾语的动词有：

want, hope, wish, refuse, learn,

would like, choose, decide, agree,

prete nd, expect, plan …

He found it very difficult to get to sleep

不定式作宾语时，如带有宾语补足语，则要把不定式放到后面，用it作形式宾语，构成“主语+动词+it+宾补（形容词、名词）+不定式”结构。

感官动词和使役动词等后接不定式作宾补

时，需省to。但在被动语态中要还帽子。

The boss makes them work 15 hours a day.

I saw the accident happen yesterday.

He was made to do his work (by me).

(3). 宾补

The teacher told me to clean the blackboard.

I expect you to give me some help.

He often helps me (to) repair my bike.

常用动词不定式作宾补的动词有：

tell, ask, want, warn, wish, allow,

encourage, expect, teach, help

(4). 定语

I have something to say.

He has a lot of homework to do .

He is looking for a room to live in .

There is nothing to worry about.

动词不定式若在句中作定语，常放在被修

饰的名词或代词后。如果不定式中的动词

是不及物动词,则要带上与之搭配的介词，

构成及物动词短语。

(5) 状语

He got up early to catch the train.

Let’s stop to have a rest.

I’m very happy to see you.

He’s too young to go to school.

She is old enough to dress herself

动词不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，

原因，或结果等。

(6). 表语

My job is to help the patient.

Your task is to clean the classroom.

不定式可以放在be动词后，形成表语。

(7) 与疑问词连用

He didn’t know what to say. (宾语)

How to solve the problem is very important.(主语) My question is when to start. (表语)

不定式与疑问词who, which, when, how, what

等连用，形成带疑问词的不定式。在句中起名

词作用，可充当主语、表语、宾语等。

在与why连用时，只用于why或why not开头的简短疑问句中，后面紧跟的动词不定式不带to。Why do sth.? Why not do sth.?

Step5出示幻灯片让学生注意几个易错点。

1. 有些动词既可跟不定式作宾语，也可跟动名词作宾语，但含义不同：

remember to do 记住要做某事；

remember doing 记得曾经做过某事

forget to do 忘记要做某事

forget doing 忘记曾经做过某事

stop to do 停下来去做某事

stop doing 停止做某事

go on to do 继续做另一件事

go on doing 继续做原来在做的事

I remember seeing you somewhere before.

我记得以前在哪儿见过你。

Please remember to turn off the light when you leave.

离开时请记得关好灯。

I forgot to tell her about it.

我忘记告诉她这件事。

I forgot telling her about it.

我忘记了曾把这件事告诉过她。

2.感官动词后既可跟不带to的不定式作宾补，也可跟v-ing作宾补，前者表示动作的全部过程已结束；后者表示动作正在进行。

I saw him come downstairs.

我看见他下了楼。（说明他下楼了这件事）

I saw him coming downstairs.

我看见他在下楼。（说明他下楼时的情景）

I heard someone calling me.

I heard my name called.

Step6.通过练习来加强学生对本课知识的掌握。

Fill in each blank with the proper word from the brackets:

1.Mike wants ________(go) to a park on Sunday.

2.The teacher often tells us ___________(not be) late.

3.My brother is too young ________ (join) the army.

4.It takes me an hour _____(do) my homework every day.

5.Do you have anything _________(say)?