翻译方法--直译和意译..

2.弄清句子结构，明辨语法关系 1) Less visible, but probably more important, are the thousands of ways industry has put electric energy to work. 工业中使用电能的多种途径虽然不是很明显，但可能 是很重要的。 2) Love is like warm sunlight, which will not only bring joy to those who are loved but also add more pleasure to those who love. 爱犹如温暖的阳光，它不仅会给被爱的人带来快乐， 也会给爱他的人带来更多的快乐。
翻译标准：“忠实、通顺”
忠实：指的是译文必须完整准确地传达原文的思想 内容，保持原文的语气和文体风格。 通顺：是指译文必须通畅易懂，遣词造句应当符合 译语的语法规范和表达习惯。 在“忠实”的前提下，摆脱原文结构形式的束缚， 按照译语的行文规范和表达习惯组织安排译文， 切不可逐词死译、硬译，从而避免洋腔洋调、生 硬别扭。
英汉词义（范围）对比
英、汉两种语言中词义完全对应、作用或范围完全 对等的词不多，大多只是在词义上部分重合。
1. 部分英语词汇的涵义范围比相应的汉语词汇宽泛。 e.g. Stand---站/立 1) A tall poplar tree once stood here. 这儿曾经有一棵高大的白杨树。 2) The house has stood idle for months. 那所房子闲置了几个月了。 3) The clock stands at ten to eight. 那个钟上的时间是7点50分。
Book -- 书
1. The company’s books are audited every year. 这家公司的账目每年都核对。 2. He is to swear on the Book before taking office. 他上任前将手按圣经宣誓。 3. 她家世代书香。 She comes from a long line of scholars. 4. 家书抵万金。 A letter from home is worth ten thousand pieces of gold.
4. 部分英语词汇的涵义范围比相应的汉语词汇既 宽广又狭窄。 e.g. Make---做
1) What you said just now does not make sense. 你刚才说的话没有意义。 2) She makes her living as a designer. 她当设计师以维持生计。 3）这次我做东。It is my treat today. 4）外国科学家做到的，中国科学家一定能够做到， 而且能做得更好。 What foreign scientists have accomplished, Chinese scientists can also accomplish, and can even do better job of it.
条条大路通罗马。/殊途同归。/异曲同工。
翻译的过程：正确理解→妥帖表达→细致校核
一、正确理解 1.确切理解有关单词的意义。对比较难以理解 的单词，先判断词性，在利用各种语境线索 (上下文关系，搭配关系，逻辑关系等）确定词义。 1）This idea sounds good, but will it work in practice? 这个主意听起来不错，但实际上行得通吗？ 2）People from all works of life expressed their great respect to our soldiers because they are the loveliest people in the world. 各行各业的人向战士们表达了崇高的敬意，因为 他们是世界上最可爱的人。
1. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者事竟成。
2. A fall into the pit, a gain in your wit. 吃一堑，长一智。 3. Barking dogs do not bite.
吠狗不咬人。
4. All roads lead to Rome.
1. 你越是努力学习英语，你说英语就会越好。 The harder you study English, the better you speak it. 2. 据说他一直学英语。 He is said to have been studying English./ It is said that he has been studying English. 3. 他要在美国学习的愿望是可以理解的。 His wish to study in America is quite understandable./ It is quite understandable that he wishes to study in America.
3. 部分英语词汇的涵义范围比相应的汉语词汇狭窄。
e.g. eat--吃 吃药 take medicine 吃回扣 get commission 吃惊 be amazed 吃香 be popular 吃苦 bear hardships 吃老本 live off one’s past gains
万--- ten thousand 万众 millions of people 万物 all things on the earth 万幸 very lucky 万全之策 a completely safe plan 万事开头难 The first step is always difficult.
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二、妥帖表达：表达时从整体着眼，从细节入手， 避免表达过度或不足。遵循译文语言的表达习惯， 避免翻译腔。 1. For me personally, it was a blessing in disguise.