英美文学

英国文学

1、T he Anglo-Saxon period (449-1066)

1)Beowulf 最早epic ( national epic 民族史诗) 隐喻（Metaphor）手法

2)Alliteration 押头韵（写作手法）

3)这个时期的文学英雄半人半兽（Half man and half beast）

4)Three tribes: Anglo、Saxons、Jutes

2、G eoffrey Chaucer ( 1343-1400)

1)the father of English peotry英国诗歌之父

2)代表作：

●the Canterbury Tales坎特伯雷

●The House of Fame

●Troilus and Criseyde（Troilus and Cressida）

●《公爵夫人之书》（The Book of the Dutchess）

3)音步

●the iamb (iambic)(抑扬格):

●the anapest (anapestic) (抑抑扬格)

●the trochee (trochaic) (扬抑格)

●the dactyl (dactylic) (扬抑抑格)

●Monometer，Dimeter ，Trimeter ，Tetrameter

●Pentameter: most commonly used

●Hexameter，Heptameter，Octameter

3、T he Renaissance (16世纪) 文艺复兴时期

1)(Greek and Roman) 戏剧drama 诗章canto

2)humanism 人文主义：admire human beauty and human achievement

●Humanism is based on such a conception that man is the measure of

all things.

●Renaissance humanists found in the classics a justi-fication to exalte

human nature and came to see that human beings were glorious

creatures capable of individual development in the direction pf

perfection.

●They placed great emphasis on the dignity of man

3)代表人物：

●Thomas More 托马斯.莫尔Utopia 乌托邦

●Francis Bacon 弗朗西斯.培根第一个散文家(essayist)

●Thomas Wyatt 托马斯.怀亚特引入十四行诗的第一人

sonnet(十四行诗)：form of poetry intricately rhymed(间隔押韵) in

14 lines iambic pentameter

●Edmund Spenser 埃德蒙.斯宾塞poet’s poet(诗人中的诗人)

作品：The Fairy Queen《仙后》(epic poem 史诗)

●Christopher Marlowe 克里斯托弗.马洛

作品：Blank Verse(无韵体：不押韵的五步抑扬格) 是十六世纪英

国戏剧的主要表现形式。

●William Shakespeare 威廉姆.莎士比亚戏剧drama

四大悲剧（Tragedy）：Hamlet(哈姆雷特)，Othello(奥赛罗)，King

Lear(李尔王)，The Tragedy of Macbeth(麦克白)

四戏剧：The Merchant of Venice ，A Midsummer Night's Dream

Twelfth Night ，As You Like It

悲喜剧：The Romantic Tragedy: Romeo and Juliet

4、t he period of Revolution and Restoration (17世纪)资产阶级革命王权复辟)

1)文学形式：Prose 散文

2)文学特点：the Puritans(清教徒) believed in simplicity of life、disapproved of

the sonnets and the love poetry、breaking up of old ideals.

清教徒崇尚俭朴的生活、拒绝十四行诗和爱情诗、与旧思想脱离。

3)代表人物

●John Donne 约翰.多恩metaphysical poets (玄学派诗人) 代表人物

作品：sonnet 十四行诗《Death be not proud》

作品特点：

①strike the reader in Donne’s extraordinary frankness and

penetrating realism.(坦诚的态度和现实描绘)

②novelty of subject matter and point(新颖的题材和视角)

③novelty of its form.(新颖的形式)

●John Milton 约翰.弥尔顿a great poet（poem 诗歌blank verse ）

《Defense for the English People》为英国人辩护

《Paradise Lost》失乐园“Satan is not a villain”撒旦不是坏人

《Paradise Regained》复乐园

●metaphysical poets (玄学派)

特点：

①With a rebellious spirit, the metaphysical poets tried to break

away from the conventional fashion of the Elizabethan love

poetry.

②The imagery is drawn from the actual life. The form is

frequently that of an argument with the poet's beloved, with

God, or with himself.

5、T he Age of Enlightenment (18世纪) 启蒙运动Neo-Classicism(1700-1764)

1)英国玄学派诗人Andrew Marvell To His Coy Mistress ？？

2)Rise of English novel

3)Characteristics of neo-classicism

●Poetic diction (elevated style and use of schemes and tropes (修辞)).

●Learning are important. Distrust of human nature

●Imitation—distrust of individual genius.

●Taste for satire and irony: e.g., mock epic (讽刺叙事诗)

●Emphasis on order and the “rules”

●Assumption of an ordered, structured society, modeled on the chain

of being