高中英语词性变化和词性转换

一、合成

有两个或两个以上的词合成的一个词。如：合成名词、合成形容词、合成副词等。

fire + man ----fireman

good+looking -----good-looking

any+time ----anytime

一、派生

1、前缀：加前缀通常改变词义

反义词：

un: healthy---unhealthy usual---unusual

happy---unhappy

dis: honest---dishonest appear---disappear

like---dislike cover---discover

im: possible---impossible

in: dependent ----independent

2、后缀：加后缀一般改变词性

（1）名词后缀：

-er: manage—manager, own---owner,

record---recorder

report---reporter, teach---teacher,

wait---waiter

win----winner, work---worker ,

write---writer

-or: visit---visitor , act---actor, invent---inventor

-ress: wait---waitress, act---actress

-(t)ion: invent—invention, pollute---pollution, attract—attraction, suggest---suggestion

collect---collection, locate---location,

operate---operation, protect---protection

solve---solution, add---addition

2、后缀：加后缀一般改变词性

（1）名词后缀：

-ation: invite---invitation, organize---organization -(s)ion: discuss---discussion, decide---decision

-ment: develop---development, amuse-amusement advertise---advertisement

-ce: enter--entrance

-ing: meet---meeting, paint---painting, say---saying begin---beginning, build---building 2、后缀：加后缀一般改变词性

（2）名词+ist ; er变成表示人的名词

-ist: science--scientist, art—artist, tour—tourist

-er: farm---farmer, engine---engineer, law---lawyer (3)形容词+ness, ty,ity, th, ce, dom变成名词

-ness: kind—kindness, ill—illness;

-ty: safe-safety, difficult-difficulty, honest-honesty -ity: electric—electricity, national—nationality, active—activity, able—ability

-th: true—truth, long—length

-ce:different—difference, important—importance -dom: free—freedom, wise—wisdom,

(2) 动词后缀：

1. 名词+ize变成动词：-ize: memory---memorize

2. 形容词+en 变成动词：wide—widen

(3). 形容词后缀：

1.名词+ed, ful, y, ly, ive, al, cal, en, (i)an变成形容词

-ed: age—aged, wound—wounded

-ful: power—powerful, care—careful, use—useful success—successful, wonder—wonderful

-y: wind—windy, rain—rainy, cloud—cloudy snow—snowy, sun—sunny, luck—lucky

noise—noisy, health—healthy, fun—funny, -ly: love—lovely, friend—friendly,

-ive: act—active

-al: education—educational, office—official, nation—national, nature—natural, person—personal,

tradition—traditional, physical—physical

-cal: history—historical, chemistry—chemical,

medicine—medical

-en: gold—golden, wood—wooden

-(i)an: Australia—Australian, Canada—Canadian

Italy—Italian, America—American (4)名词+less 变成形容词，有相反的意思

-less: home-homeless, care-careless, help—helpless life—lifeless, use—useless;

动词+ful, able, ive变成形容词：

-ful: forget—forgetful, help—helpful, thank—thankful

-able: avail—available, enjoy—enjoyable,