高中英语构词法1

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semi-(半,部分)semicircle, semi-final anti- (阻止,抗) antiwar, anti-Japanese war co- (联合,共同)co-worker, coexist, co-owner a- (表语形容词)asleep, awake, alive mid- (表示中间) midday, midnight
•加前缀:
happy --- _u_n_happy • 加后缀:
develop --- develop_m__e_n_t__
•既加前缀又加后缀:unfortunately
employ ---_u__n_employ_m__e_n_t__
派生法(Derivation)---词缀法
1. 前缀:
Pre- (前)pre-reading, preview, predict Re- (重新) rewrite, reconsider, reuse dis- (不) disagree , dislike , disappear, discover in/im/il/ir- 不incorrect, impossible, illegal, irregular
- ed
tired, interested, bored
-less useless, helpless, careless
3). 副词性的词缀:
-ly
quickly, softly, properly
-wards backwards, forwards
转化法(Conversion)
taste
n. 味道 It has a good taste. v.尝起来 It tastes very good.
空调 血压 所得税 信用卡
中央银行 快餐 太阳系 遥控
(3) v-ing +另一词
washing machine 洗衣机
driving license 驾驶执照
(4) 其他方式
by-product
Biblioteka Baidu副产品
editor-in-chief 主编
2. 合成形容词
(1) 过去分词或带ed词尾的词构成。
absent-minded 心不在焉的
2).形容词后缀:
-ous
dangerous, humorous
-ful
helpful, careful
-able, -ible comfortable, responsible
-ant, -ent important, excellent
-ary
- ive -y , -ly
military, voluntary active, expensive, attractive cloudy, sunny, sleepy, friendly, weekly
如 :-er
teacher, worker
-or -tion -ment
visitor, sailor education, satisfaction development, movement
-ity ability, possibility
-ist pianist, artist
-hood childhood, brotherhood -ion action, solution, conclusion
grey-haired warm-hearted
头发灰白的 热心肠的
(2) 动词的ing 和另一词构成
long-suffering far-reaching
长期受苦的 深远的(影响)
3. 合成动词及合成副词
overeat
吃得太多
baby-sit
看孩子
empty-handed 一无所获的
派生词(derivation)
(有两个或更多的词合成一个词):
everyday pathway riverside
派生词Derivation) (在词根上加上前、后缀构成另外一个词):
unfair darkness disagree freedom
转化词Conversion
(将一种词性转化成另一种词性):
lock place nurse
record
n.记录 Liu Xiang broke the 100m Hurdles World Record .
v. 记录 He likes to record something while reading a book.
缩写和简写 : 缩写和简写(也被称为截断法或 缩短法)主要采取: “截头”, “去尾”或者 “既截头又去尾”的方法生成新词.
合成词
Compound
pain-killer


color- blind


sleep-walk


sleep-walker
1. 合成名词 (1) n+n air conditioner blood pressure income tax credit card (2) adj + n central bank fast food solar system remote control
2. 常见的后缀
1).名词后缀 :
-er -or -ist -cian -eer -mate -hood -ion -tion -ment -ity
请将以下单词和上列相应的后缀相连,组成新词:
work, educate, develop, visit, satisfy, teach, sail, ability, piano, art, child, act, brother, solute, conclude, move, possible
英语快速记忆-构词法
• 语言是随着人类社会的不断发展而发展
的。一些旧词的过时意味着需要人们创造 出一些新的词,而新的词的产生,大抵服 从语法的法则,有其规律可循。语言的这 种"弃旧创新"不断完善和发展的过程体现出 一种规律--构词法(word-formation)。
构词法
合成词Compounding)
mis –(错误或失当)misunderstand, mislead super- (超级)supermarket, superman
mini-(微小)miniskirt, minibus
post–(之后) postwar, post-reading
fore-(前,预先) foretell, forecast
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