陆空通话教程第九章不利气象条件下的飞行
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第9 章
Adverse Weather Flying
Lesson Twenty: Low visibility and windshear
• 教学目的: 掌握符合陆空对话标准的低能见度及 风切变处理程序；
• 重点难点: 低能见度 风切变。
Lesson Twenty: Low visibility and windshear
请求左转30度偏离航线40公里绕飞积雨云。
Lesson twenty-one
P: We have encountered continuous severe ice at this level, our anti-icing system is inoperative (unserviceable), request descent.
雪水 软雪 实雪 压实的雪 跑道积水 跑道滑 小雨 大雨 间歇性雨 连续性降水 雨停天晴期间 偶尔下阵雨
Lesson Twenty-one
* An aircraft must fly 20 NM from CB to be safe.
* 颠簸按强度分为严重(severe)、中等(moderate)和轻度 (light)三种。
C: Expect hail 15 miles ahead of your present position.
你现在位置前15英里将有冰雹。
C: Severe icing from FL 180 upward.
从FL180 以上有严重结冰。
Lesson Twenty-one
C: Weather conditions rapidly deteriorating.
Lesson Twenty: Low visibility and windshear
风切变按强度分为：强(strong)、严重(severe)及中度 (moderate)三种。
机组通报情况及请求:
P: CCA196, RVR RWY06 touchdown 650m, mid-point 750m, stop end 700m.
Lesson Twenty: Low visibility and windshear
相关词汇：
visibility windshear sandstorm encounter wind-gauge wind-sock waterspout drizzle sleet
能见度 风切变 沙暴 遭遇 风向风速仪 风袋 水龙卷 毛毛雨 雨夹雪
Freezing drizzle:ice; snow: visibility, braking action, warm A/Cice
Freezing rain: poor braking action; Pellet(snow grain): ice on airborne A/C; Snow hail: gusty wind; small hail: ice on airborne A/C;
gained 25 kts between 500 and 300ft followed by a loss of 35 kts between 300 and surface.
Lesson Twenty-one
Meteorology in aviation:
1. Safety: weather is one of the many factors causing accidents;
Lesson Twenty: Low visibility and windshear
Fog dispersal in progress 雾在消失
Fog is coming down 正在起雾
Fog is clearing up
雾在消散
braking action
刹车效应
CAVOK
好天气（云高和能见度都好）
2. planning to avoid unnecessary delays and inconvenience, gaining speed and efficiency, getting rid of workload.
Lesson Twenty-one
气象对民航具体的影响： 风－风切变 能－能见度（通过先进的RVR克服） 云－雷暴（CB）、颠簸（CAT） 天－结冰、雨、雪、冰雹…
天气急速变坏。
C: Weather conditions gradually improving.
天气情况逐渐转好。
* anti-icing/de-icing system inoperative 防/除冰系统故 障还可以表达为：unserviceable, failure, out of work.
*飞机结冰后的处置程序:
a. 指挥航空器上升或下降高度脱离结冰区； b. 调配有关航空器进行避让； c. 根据机组决定，选择返航或者继续飞行；
C: Windshear warning strong low level windshear observed in the vicinity of Lukou airport at 0930, what’s your intention?
C: Windshear alert, centerfield wind 210/14kts, west boundary wind 170/23Leabharlann Baiduts.
P: No contact at minima, going around.
Lesson Twenty: Low visibility and windshear
通知机组情况并询问意图:
C: Caution windshear reported at 2000ft, 4 miles final runway 18.
我们在这个高度碰到连续严重结冰，我们的防冰系统 故障，请求下降。
P: De-icing system is inoperative, request lower level. P: Leading edges are iced over, request immediate
descent.
Lesson Twenty-one
Lesson Twenty-one
机组通报情况及请求:
P: Beijing Approach JAL 704 we have been struck by lightening, rear fuselage damaged, right elevator lost, request priority landing and radar vector to final approach.
Lesson Twenty-one
相关词汇：
deteriorate offset build-up lightening hail chop waterspout jet stream mist haze
恶化，变坏 偏航 积雨云 雷电 冰雹 颠簸 水龙卷 高空急流 轻雾 霾
Lesson Twenty-one
• 教学目的: 掌握符合陆空对话标准的雷暴、颠簸 及结冰的处理程序；
• 重点难点: 绕飞雷暴、遭遇颠簸及结冰的特殊处 置程序。
Lesson Twenty-one Thunderstorm, turbulence and icing
复习： 一、词汇 低气压； SIGMET； 能见度； 风切变； 水龙卷； 毛雨； 沙暴； 雨夹雪； 风袋； 龙卷风
WMO: World Meteorological Organization(Geneva) Atmosphere: nitrogen-78%; oxygen-21%; other gases-1%
一般来说，海拔每升高1000ft, 温度下降2度。 大雨(RA)：影响飞机的lifting, visibility and braking action; Drizzle(DZ):影响visibility;
通知机组情况并询问意图:
C: Thunderstorm moving in your direction, go round the CBs by turning 30 degrees left, track out 25km from your present position.
雷暴向你方向移动，从你目前位置左转30度出航25公里绕飞 雷暴云。
rime
白霜，雾淞
squall
飑(biao)（线）
typhoon
台风
whirlwind
旋风
tornado
龙卷风
Lesson Twenty: Low visibility and windshear
补充词汇：
duty controller (forecaster), weather station, outer space, cold (warm) front, TAF, weather radar, weather chart, depression, hurricane, SIGMET, VOLMET, CB
P: We have been caught in severe turbulence, passengers have been injured, we have to divert to Nanjing.
P: Guangzhou Control, SIA 679, request 30 degrees 40km offset left to avoid build-up.
anti-icing system inoperative 防冰系统故障
de-icing system inoperative 除冰系统故障
the freezing level
结冰层（指下限）
icing
结冰
freezing rain
冻雨
anti-icing fluid
防冻液
CAT
晴空颠簸
Lesson Twenty-one
go round circumnavigate detour to be struck bumpy/turbulent RVR up draught down draught first-aid
绕飞 绕飞 绕飞 被…击中 颠簸 跑道能见视程 上升气流 下降气流 急救
Lesson Twenty-one
sky clear few scattered broken overcast sky obscured on top tailwind headwind crosswind
晴空 少云 疏云 裂云，多云 满天云 天空不明 在云上 顺风 顶风 侧风
Lesson Twenty-one
slush loose snow firm snow compacted snow pools of water the runway is slippery light rain heavy rain intermittent rain continuous rain bright periods occasional showers
Lesson Twenty-one
二、Answer the following questions: 1、风切变有几个等级？它们分别是什么？ 2、跑道有哪三部分组成？
三、Translation: 1、深圳塔台，最低不能能见地面，请求复飞，飞往备降机 场。 2、珠海进近，五边3海里1800英尺处遭遇严重风切变，请求 雷达引导。 3、BAW 293 encountered strong windshear on final RWY31,
C: Expect lower visibility for you arrival
你落地时将有低能见度。
Lesson Twenty: Low visibility and windshear
• 课文讲解 • 练习
Lesson Twenty-one Thunderstorm, turbulence and icing
P: Hong Kong Tower CES 572 encountered windshear on final gained 20kts between 600 and 400ft followed by a loss of 30 knots between 400ft and the surface.
Adverse Weather Flying
Lesson Twenty: Low visibility and windshear
• 教学目的: 掌握符合陆空对话标准的低能见度及 风切变处理程序；
• 重点难点: 低能见度 风切变。
Lesson Twenty: Low visibility and windshear
请求左转30度偏离航线40公里绕飞积雨云。
Lesson twenty-one
P: We have encountered continuous severe ice at this level, our anti-icing system is inoperative (unserviceable), request descent.
雪水 软雪 实雪 压实的雪 跑道积水 跑道滑 小雨 大雨 间歇性雨 连续性降水 雨停天晴期间 偶尔下阵雨
Lesson Twenty-one
* An aircraft must fly 20 NM from CB to be safe.
* 颠簸按强度分为严重(severe)、中等(moderate)和轻度 (light)三种。
C: Expect hail 15 miles ahead of your present position.
你现在位置前15英里将有冰雹。
C: Severe icing from FL 180 upward.
从FL180 以上有严重结冰。
Lesson Twenty-one
C: Weather conditions rapidly deteriorating.
Lesson Twenty: Low visibility and windshear
风切变按强度分为：强(strong)、严重(severe)及中度 (moderate)三种。
机组通报情况及请求:
P: CCA196, RVR RWY06 touchdown 650m, mid-point 750m, stop end 700m.
Lesson Twenty: Low visibility and windshear
相关词汇：
visibility windshear sandstorm encounter wind-gauge wind-sock waterspout drizzle sleet
能见度 风切变 沙暴 遭遇 风向风速仪 风袋 水龙卷 毛毛雨 雨夹雪
Freezing drizzle:ice; snow: visibility, braking action, warm A/Cice
Freezing rain: poor braking action; Pellet(snow grain): ice on airborne A/C; Snow hail: gusty wind; small hail: ice on airborne A/C;
gained 25 kts between 500 and 300ft followed by a loss of 35 kts between 300 and surface.
Lesson Twenty-one
Meteorology in aviation:
1. Safety: weather is one of the many factors causing accidents;
Lesson Twenty: Low visibility and windshear
Fog dispersal in progress 雾在消失
Fog is coming down 正在起雾
Fog is clearing up
雾在消散
braking action
刹车效应
CAVOK
好天气（云高和能见度都好）
2. planning to avoid unnecessary delays and inconvenience, gaining speed and efficiency, getting rid of workload.
Lesson Twenty-one
气象对民航具体的影响： 风－风切变 能－能见度（通过先进的RVR克服） 云－雷暴（CB）、颠簸（CAT） 天－结冰、雨、雪、冰雹…
天气急速变坏。
C: Weather conditions gradually improving.
天气情况逐渐转好。
* anti-icing/de-icing system inoperative 防/除冰系统故 障还可以表达为：unserviceable, failure, out of work.
*飞机结冰后的处置程序:
a. 指挥航空器上升或下降高度脱离结冰区； b. 调配有关航空器进行避让； c. 根据机组决定，选择返航或者继续飞行；
C: Windshear warning strong low level windshear observed in the vicinity of Lukou airport at 0930, what’s your intention?
C: Windshear alert, centerfield wind 210/14kts, west boundary wind 170/23Leabharlann Baiduts.
P: No contact at minima, going around.
Lesson Twenty: Low visibility and windshear
通知机组情况并询问意图:
C: Caution windshear reported at 2000ft, 4 miles final runway 18.
我们在这个高度碰到连续严重结冰，我们的防冰系统 故障，请求下降。
P: De-icing system is inoperative, request lower level. P: Leading edges are iced over, request immediate
descent.
Lesson Twenty-one
Lesson Twenty-one
机组通报情况及请求:
P: Beijing Approach JAL 704 we have been struck by lightening, rear fuselage damaged, right elevator lost, request priority landing and radar vector to final approach.
Lesson Twenty-one
相关词汇：
deteriorate offset build-up lightening hail chop waterspout jet stream mist haze
恶化，变坏 偏航 积雨云 雷电 冰雹 颠簸 水龙卷 高空急流 轻雾 霾
Lesson Twenty-one
• 教学目的: 掌握符合陆空对话标准的雷暴、颠簸 及结冰的处理程序；
• 重点难点: 绕飞雷暴、遭遇颠簸及结冰的特殊处 置程序。
Lesson Twenty-one Thunderstorm, turbulence and icing
复习： 一、词汇 低气压； SIGMET； 能见度； 风切变； 水龙卷； 毛雨； 沙暴； 雨夹雪； 风袋； 龙卷风
WMO: World Meteorological Organization(Geneva) Atmosphere: nitrogen-78%; oxygen-21%; other gases-1%
一般来说，海拔每升高1000ft, 温度下降2度。 大雨(RA)：影响飞机的lifting, visibility and braking action; Drizzle(DZ):影响visibility;
通知机组情况并询问意图:
C: Thunderstorm moving in your direction, go round the CBs by turning 30 degrees left, track out 25km from your present position.
雷暴向你方向移动，从你目前位置左转30度出航25公里绕飞 雷暴云。
rime
白霜，雾淞
squall
飑(biao)（线）
typhoon
台风
whirlwind
旋风
tornado
龙卷风
Lesson Twenty: Low visibility and windshear
补充词汇：
duty controller (forecaster), weather station, outer space, cold (warm) front, TAF, weather radar, weather chart, depression, hurricane, SIGMET, VOLMET, CB
P: We have been caught in severe turbulence, passengers have been injured, we have to divert to Nanjing.
P: Guangzhou Control, SIA 679, request 30 degrees 40km offset left to avoid build-up.
anti-icing system inoperative 防冰系统故障
de-icing system inoperative 除冰系统故障
the freezing level
结冰层（指下限）
icing
结冰
freezing rain
冻雨
anti-icing fluid
防冻液
CAT
晴空颠簸
Lesson Twenty-one
go round circumnavigate detour to be struck bumpy/turbulent RVR up draught down draught first-aid
绕飞 绕飞 绕飞 被…击中 颠簸 跑道能见视程 上升气流 下降气流 急救
Lesson Twenty-one
sky clear few scattered broken overcast sky obscured on top tailwind headwind crosswind
晴空 少云 疏云 裂云，多云 满天云 天空不明 在云上 顺风 顶风 侧风
Lesson Twenty-one
slush loose snow firm snow compacted snow pools of water the runway is slippery light rain heavy rain intermittent rain continuous rain bright periods occasional showers
Lesson Twenty-one
二、Answer the following questions: 1、风切变有几个等级？它们分别是什么？ 2、跑道有哪三部分组成？
三、Translation: 1、深圳塔台，最低不能能见地面，请求复飞，飞往备降机 场。 2、珠海进近，五边3海里1800英尺处遭遇严重风切变，请求 雷达引导。 3、BAW 293 encountered strong windshear on final RWY31,
C: Expect lower visibility for you arrival
你落地时将有低能见度。
Lesson Twenty: Low visibility and windshear
• 课文讲解 • 练习
Lesson Twenty-one Thunderstorm, turbulence and icing
P: Hong Kong Tower CES 572 encountered windshear on final gained 20kts between 600 and 400ft followed by a loss of 30 knots between 400ft and the surface.