Swan and Shadow 天鹅与影子
初二作文：鹅影_800字
鹅影_800字丽塔一直盯着水面，脚蹼在水面上划出的涟漪一点点归于平静，那原本模糊破碎的倒影逐渐清晰起来，身后传来的是孩子们稚嫩的叫声。
湖面静得只剩一片碧绿，那张透明的物质上，丽塔深褐色的喙格外鲜艳起来，通身雪白的羽彼此交错，比水中每一朵云都要圣洁。
可这一切，却给她徒增悲伤——她看到的，只是另外一个自己罢了。
八年前，当丽塔也还是个胎毛未退的小雏时，就是战战兢兢地躲在露西的怀里渡过这个偌大的湖泊的——那就是她一直引以为傲的母亲。
这里是英国，对他们这个族群来说是另一个家，她和兄弟姐妹们生于这里，长于这里，然后在羽毛丰润后再飞去其他的国度，用公园一位长者的话来说，这里就是他们的hometown。
可是天鹅是信魂的，无论你是否听说过这一观点。
他们祖祖辈辈留恋于此地，除了为生育繁殖，还有，就是为了守住故去的灵魂。
这乍听起来是个很神圣的活计，但事实上，当你从湖面上看见那已经被埋进海水的苍老者突然回归于脚下的故土时，你就会有压抑不住的伤感了。
湖水上的倩影，让丽塔一点点沉醉下去，世界倏然间翻过来，她只觉得整片湖水向她泼来，睁开眼后，她又是那只小小的灰鸭子了。
天空一直漏出软软的棉絮，湖边的游客们坐在躺椅上享受悠闲的下午茶时光，阳光一直铺到水面，然后沉到湖底鲤鱼的午觉里。
丽塔站在露西的翅膀下，学着母亲的样子，不停地用小小的喙梳理着自己短短而昏暗的毛，但始终显得幼稚可笑。
“妈妈，我什么时候才能像您一样优雅呢？”“小丽塔，总有一天你会长大的，会变得比我还要美丽。
”露西美丽的脖颈转过来，轻轻地啄了一下丽塔的头，脚下的蹼继续滑动着。
“那到时您还会背着我吗？”“呵呵，妈妈到时候就老啦，不过我会看。
野天鹅之恋
换 ，让母家 鹅 留了下来 。默文先 生给母 家
灵
・性 ・世 ・界
鹅取名叫里斯拉。 白格和里 斯拉做 了夫妻 。它把 自己的 久 ，里斯拉 产下了 １ ０只蛋 。 里 斯拉静静 地孵蛋 时 ，白格始终 守卫
一
动不动 ，拒绝进食 。
鼻
然
然 而 ，里 斯拉 和 默 文都 没 有料 到 ，３
飞到 了山那 边 ，但它 忽然又从 高空 降落下 哀 鸣。一种不 祥 的感 觉揪住 了他 的心 。他 来 ，急匆匆地 飞 回窝 旁 。原来 ，是里 斯拉 奔 出家 门，看见丛林边 有个陌 生人跑掉 了 ，
在召唤它。
从衣着打扮可 以看 出 ，这是城里来 的游客 。
从 这天起 ， 白格 飞遍 了附近所有 的地
野天 鹅 回头看 看 生活 了一 年 的农 庄 ，
屋里 ，失神地坐在沙发上 。
可能还看了看鹅群中它与里斯拉的那些儿
母 家 鹅里 斯拉 一声 不 吭地 站在 那 里 ， 女 ，然后 朝蔚蓝 的天 空发 出一声 鸣 叫。同 平静 地接受 了这一切 。它们一 起生活 的几 伴也 在呼唤 着它 ，它跑 了几 步 ，终 于拍 打
被 打死 的竟是母 家 鹅里斯 拉 ！ 谁也 弄
方 ，每个农 民都在 自己院子上 空看见 过它 不 清是猎枪 瞄准 了里斯拉 ，还是 里斯拉 挡
优美 的 身影 。这是 一 种 预兆 ，再 到秋 天 ， 住 了飞 向白格 的子 弹 。这时 ，自格 蜷缩在
它就要离 开这里 了。默文可 以剪掉它 的翅 里 斯拉 身 边 ，里 斯 拉的 羽 毛上 浸满 鲜 血 ， 膀 留住 它 ，但他不忍心 ，野天鹅需要 自由。 白格 的脖子 靠在它身 上 ，眼里 闪烁着悲 哀
有深意的英文小故事
有深意的英文小故事英语小故事一：A PIGEON（鸽子）A pigeon, oppressed by excessive thirst, saw a goblet of water painted on a signboard. Not supposing it to be only a picture, she flew towards it with a loud whir and unwittingly dashed against the signboard, jarring herself terribly. Having broken her wings by the blow, she fell to the ground, and was caught by one of the bystanders.Moral：Zeal should not outrun discretion.一只鸽子口渴得很难受，看见画板上画着一只水杯。
她并不以为那只是一幅画，而是发出一声响亮的呼噜声，朝画飞去，无意中撞在了招牌上，把自己撞得很不稳。
她的翅膀被风吹断了，摔在地上，被一个旁观者抓住。
寓意：热情不应超过谨慎。
英语小故事二：The Raven and the Swan（乌鸦和天鹅）A raven saw a Swan and desired to secure for himself the same beautiful plumage. Supposing that the Swan's splendid white color arose from his washing in the water in which he swam, the Raven left the altars in the neighborhood where he picked up his living, and took up residence in the lakes and pools. But cleansing his feathers as often as he would, he could not change their color, while through want of food he perished.Moral：Change of habit cannot alter Nature.一只乌鸦看到了一只天鹅，想要得到同样美丽的羽毛。
小学英语英语故事童话故事TheShadow影子
The Shadow 影子It is in the hot countries that the sun burns down in earnest, turning the people there a deep mahogany-brown. In the hottest countries of all they are seared into negroes, but it was not quite that hot in this country to which a man of learning had come from the colder north. He expected to go about there just as he had at home, but he soon discovered that this was a mistake. He and other sensible souls had to stay inside. The shutters were drawn and the doors were closed all day long. It looked just as if everyone were asleep or away from home. The narrow street of high houses where he lived was so situated that from morning till night the sun beat down on it - unbearably!To this young and clever scholar from the colder north, it felt as if he were sitting in a blazing hot oven. It exhausted him so that he became very thin, and even his shadow shrank much smaller than it had been at home. Only in the evenings, after sundown, did the man and his shadow begin to recover.This was really a joy to see. As soon as a candle was brought into the room, the shadow had to stretch itself to get its strength back. It stretched up to the wall, yes, even along the ceiling, so tall did it grow. To stretch himself, the scholar went out on the balcony. As soon as the stars came out in the beautifully clear sky, he felt as if he had come back to life.In warm countries each window has a balcony, and in all the balconies up and down the street people came out to breathe the fresh air that one needs, even if one is already a fine mahogany-brown. Both up above and down below, things became lively. Tailors, shoemakers - everybody - moved out in the street. Chairs and tables were brought out, and candles were lighted, yes, candles by the thousand. One man talked, another sang, people strolled about, carriages drove by, and donkeys trotted along, ting-a-ling-a-ling, for their harness had bells on it. There were church bells ringing, hymn singing, and funeral processions. There were boys in the street firing off Roman candles. Oh yes, it was lively as lively can be down in that street. Only one house was quiet - the one directly across from where the scholarly stranger lived. Yet someone lived there, for flowers on the balcony grew and thrived under that hot sun, which they could not have done unless they were watered. So someone must be watering them, and there must be people in the house. Along in the evening, as a matter of fact, the door across the street was opened. But it was dark inside, at least in the front room. From somewhere in the house, farther back, came the sound of music. The scholarly stranger thought the music was marvelous, but it is quite possible that he only imagined this, for out there in the warm countries he thought everything was marvelous - except the sun. The stranger's landlord said that he didn't know who had rented the house across the street. No one was ever to be seen over there, and as for the music, he found it extremely tiresome. He said:"It's just as if somebody sits there practicing a piece that's beyond him - always the selfsame piece. 'I'll play it right yet,' he probably says, but he doesn't, no matter how long he tries."One night the stranger woke up. He slept with the windows to his balcony open, and as the breeze blew his curtain aside he fancied that a marvelous radiance came from the balcony across the street. The colors of all the flowers were as brilliant as flames. In their midst stood a maiden, slender and lovely. It seemed as if a radiance came from her too. It actually hurt his eyes, but that was because he had opened them too wide in his sudden awakening.One leap, and he was out of bed. Without a sound, he looked out through his curtains, but the maiden was gone. The flowers were no longer radiant, though they bloomed as fresh and fair as usual. The door was ajar and through it came music so lovely and soft that one could really feel very romantic about it. It was like magic. But who lived there? What entrance did they use? Facing the street, the lower floor of the house was a row of shops, and people couldn't run through them all the time. On another evening, the stranger sat out on his balcony. The candle burned in the room behind him, so naturally his shadow was cast on the wall across the street. Yes, there it sat among the flowers, and when the stranger moved, it moved with him. "I believe my shadow is the only living thing to be seen over there," the scholar thought to himself. "See how he makes himself at home among the flowers. The door stands ajar, and if my shadow were clever he'd step in, have a look around, and come back to tell me what he had seen.""Yes," he said as a joke, "you ought to make yourself useful. Kindly step inside. Well, aren't you going?" He nodded to the shadow, and the shadow nodded back. "Run along now, but be sure to come back."The stranger rose, and his shadow across the street rose with him. The stranger turned around, and his shadow turned too. If anyone had been watching closely, he would have seen the shadow enter the half-open balcony door in the house across the way at the same instant that the stranger returned to his room and the curtain fell behind him.Next morning, when the scholar went out to take his coffee and read the newspapers, he said, "What's this?" as he came out in the sunshine. "I haven't any shadow! So it really did go away last night, and it stayed away. Isn't that annoying?" What annoyed him most was not so much the loss of his shadow, but the knowledge that there was already a story about a man without a shadow. All the people at home knew that story. If he went back and told them his story they would say he was just imitating the old one. He did not care to be called unoriginal, so he decided to say nothing about it, which was the most sensible thing to do.That evening he again went out on the balcony. He had placed the candle directly behind him, because he knew that a shadow always likes to use its master as a screen, but he could not coax it forth. He made himself short and he made himself tall, but there was no shadow. It didn't come forth. He hemmed and he hawed, but it was no use.This was very vexing, but in the hot countries everything grows most rapidly, and in a week or so he noticed with great satisfaction that when he went out in the sunshine a new shadow was growing at his feet. The root must have been left with him. In three weeks' time he had a very presentable shadow, and as he started northagain it grew longer and longer, until it got so long and large that half of it would have been quite sufficient.The learned man went home and wrote books about those things in the world that are true, that are good, and that are beautiful.The days went by and the years went past, many, many years in fact. Then one evening when he was sitting in his room he heard a soft tapping at his door. "Come in," said he, but no one came in. He opened the door and was confronted by a man so extremely thin that it gave him a strange feeling. However, the man was faultlessly dressed, and looked like a person of distinction."With whom do I have the honor of speaking?" the scholar asked."Ah," said the distinguished visitor, "I thought you wouldn't recognize me, now that I've put real flesh on my body and wear clothes. I don't suppose you ever expected to see me in such fine condition. Don't you know your old shadow? You must have thought I'd never come back. Things have gone remarkably well with me since I was last with you. I've thrived in every way, and if I have to buy my freedom, I can." He rattled a bunch of valuable charms that hung from his watch, and fingered the massive gold chain he wore around his neck. Ho! how his fingers flashed with diamond rings - and all this jewelry was real."No, I can't get over it!" said the scholar. "What does it all mean?""Nothing ordinary, you may be sure," said the shadow. "But you are no ordinary person and I, as you know, have followed in your footsteps from childhood. As soon as you thought me sufficiently experienced to strike out in the world for myself, I went my way. I have been immeasurably successful. But I felt a sort of longing to see you again before you die, as I suppose you must, and I wanted to see this country again. You know how one loves his native land. I know that you have got hold of another shadow. Do I owe anything to either of you? Be kind enough to let me know." "Well! Is it really you?" said the scholar. "Why, this is most extraordinary! I would never have imagined that one's own shadow could come back in human form." "Just tell me what I owe," said the shadow, "because I don't like to be in debt to anyone.""How can you talk that way? said the student. "What debt could there be? Feel perfectly free. I am tremendously pleased to hear of your good luck! Sit down, my old friend, and tell me a bit about how it all happened, and about what you saw in that house across the street from us in the warm country.""Yes, I'll tell you all about it," the shadow said, as he sat down. "But you must promise that if you meet me anywhere you won't tell a soul in town about my having been your shadow. I intend to become engaged, for I can easily support a family." "Don't you worry," said the scholar. "I won't tell anyone who you really are. I give you my hand on it. I promise, and a man is as good as his word.""And a word is as good as its - shadow," the shadow said, for he couldn't put it any other way.It was really remarkable how much of a man he had become, dressed all in black, with the finest cloth, patent-leather shoes, and an opera hat that could be pressed perfectly flat till it was only brim and top, not to mention those things we alreadyknow about - those seals, that gold chain, and the diamond rings. The shadow was well dressed indeed, and it was just this that made him appear human."Now I'll tell you," said the shadow, grinding his patent-leather shoes on the arm of the scholar's new shadow, which lay at his feet like apoodle dog. This was arrogance, perhaps, or possibly he was trying to make the new shadow stick to his own feet. The shadow on the floor lay quiet and still, and listened its best, so that it might learn how to get free and work its way up to be its own master."Do you know who lived in the house across the street from us?" the old shadow asked. "She was the most lovely of all creatures - she was Poetry herself. I lived there for three weeks, and it was as if I had lived there three thousand years, reading all that has ever been written. That's what I said, and it's the truth! I have seen it all, and I know everything.""Poetry!" the scholar cried. "Yes, to be sure she often lives as a hermit in the large cities. Poetry! Yes, I saw her myself, for one brief moment, but my eyes were heavy with sleep. She stood on the balcony, as radiant as the northern lights. Tell me! Tell me! You were on the balcony. You went through the doorway, and then - " "Then I was in the anteroom," said the shadow. "It was the room you were always staring at from across the way. There were no candles there, and the room was in twilight. But the door upon door stood open in a whole series of brilliantly lit halls and reception rooms. That blaze of lights would have struck me dead had I gone as far as the room where the maiden was, but I was careful - I took my time, as one should." "And then what did you see, my old friend?" the scholar asked."I saw everything, and I shall tell everything to you, but - it's not that I'm proud - but as I am a free man and well educated, not to mention my high standing and my considerable fortune, I do wish you wouldn't call me your old friend.""I beg your pardon!" said the scholar. "It's an old habit, and hard to change. You are perfectly right, my dear sir, and I'll remember it. But now, my dear sir, tell me of all that you saw.""All?" said the shadow, "for I saw it all, and I know everything.""How did the innermost rooms look?" the scholar asked. "Was it like a green forest? Was it like a holy temple? Were the rooms like the starry skies seen from some high mountain?""Everything was there," said the shadow. "I didn't quite go inside. I stayed in the dark anteroom, but my place there was perfect. I saw everything, and I know everything.I have been in the antechamber at the court of Poetry.""But what did you see? Did the gods of old march through the halls? Did the old heroes fight there? Did fair children play there and tell their dreams?""I was there, I tell you, so you must understand that I saw all thatthere was to be seen. Had you come over, it would not have made a man of you, as it did of me. Also, I learned to understand my inner self, what is born in me, and the relationship between me and Poetry. Yes, when I was with you I did not think of such things, but you must remember how wonderfully I always expanded at sunrise and sunset. And in the moonlight I almost seemed more real than you. Then I did notunderstand myself, but in that anteroom I came to know my true nature. I was a man!I came out completely changed. But you were no longer in the warm country. Beinga man, I was ashamed to be seen as I was. I lacked shoes, clothes, and all the surface veneer which makes a man."I went into hiding - this is confidential, and you must not write it in any of your books. I went into hiding under the skirts of the cake-woman. Little she knew what she concealed. Not until evening did I venture out. I ran through the streets in the moonlight and stretched myself tall against the walls. It's such a pleasant way of scratching one's back. Up I ran and down I ran, peeping into the highest windows, into drawing rooms, and into garrets. I peered in where no one else could peer. I saw what no one else could see, or should see. Taken all in all, it's a wicked world.I would not care to be a man if it were not considered the fashionable thing to be.I saw the most incredible behavior among men and women, fathers and mothers, and among those 'perfectly darling' children. I saw what nobody knows but everybody would like to know, and that is what wickedness goes on next door. If I had written it in a newspaper, oh, how widely it would have been read! But instead I wrote to the people directly concerned, and there was the most terrible consternation in every town to which I came. They were so afraid of me, and yet so remarkably fond of me. The professors appointed me a professor, and the tailor made me new clothes - my wardrobe is most complete. The master of the mint coined new money for me, the women called me such a handsome man; and so I became the man I am. Now I must bid you good-by. Here's my card. I live on the sunny side of the street, and I am always at home on rainy days." The shadow took his leave."How extraordinary," said the scholar.The days passed. The years went by. And the shadow called again. "How goes it?" he asked."Alack," said the scholar, "I still write about the true, the good, and the beautiful, but nobody cares to read about such things. I feel quite despondent, for I take it deeply to heart.""I don't," said the shadow. "I am getting fat, as one should. You don't know the ways of the world, and that's why your health suffers. You ought to travel. I'm taking a trip this summer. Will you come with me? I'd like to have a traveling companion. Will you come along as my shadow? It would be a great pleasure to have you along, and I'll pay all the expenses.""No, that's a bit too much," said the scholar."It depends on how you look at it," said the shadow. "It will do you a lot of good to travel. Will you be my shadow? The trip won't cost you a thing.""This has gone much too far!" said the scholar."Well, that's the way the world goes," the shadow told him, "and that's the way it will keep on going." And away he went.The learned man was not at all well. Sorrow and trouble pursued him, and what he had to say about the good, the true, and the beautiful, appealed to most people about as much as roses appeal to a cow. Finally he grew quite ill."You really look like a shadow," people told him, and he trembled at the thought."You must visit a watering place," said the shadow, who came to see him again. "There's no question about it. I'll take you with me, for old friendship's sake. I'll pay for the trip, and you can write about it, as well as doing your best to amuse me along the way. I need to go to a watering place too, because my beard isn't growing as it should. That's a sort of disease too, and one can't get along without a beard. Now do be reasonable and accept my proposal. We shall travel just like friends!"So off they started. The shadow was master now, and the master was the shadow. They drove together, rode together, and walked together, side by side, before or behind each other, according to the way the sun fell. The shadow was careful to take the place of the master, and the scholar didn't much care, for he had an innocent heart, besides being most affable and friendly.One day he said to the shadow, "As we are now fellow-travelers and have grown up together, shall we not call each other by our first names, the way good companions should? It is much more intimate.""That's a splendid idea!" said the shadow, who was now the real master. "What you say is most open-hearted and friendly. I shall be just as friendly and open-hearted with you. As a scholar, you are perfectly well aware how strange is man's nature. Some men cannot bear the touch of gray paper. It sickens them. Others quail if they hear a nail scratched across a pane of glass. For my part, I am affected in just that way when I hear you call me by my first name. I feel myself ground down to the earth, as I was in my first position with you. You understand. It's a matter of sensitivity, not pride. I cannot let you call me by my first name, but I shall be glad to call you by yours, as a compromise." So thereafter the shadow called his one-time master by his first name."It has gone too far," the scholar thought, "when I must call him by his last name while he calls me by my first!" But he had to put up with it.At last they came to the watering place. Among the many people was a lovely Princess. Her malady was that she saw things too clearly, which can be most upsetting. For instance, she immediately saw that the newcomer was a very different sort of person from all the others."He has come here to make his beard grow, they say. But I see the real reason. He can't cast a shadow."Her curiosity was aroused, and on the promenade she addressed this stranger directly. Being a king's daughter, she did not have to stand upon ceremony, so she said to him straight:"Your trouble is that you can't cast a shadow.""Your Royal Highness must have improved considerably," the shadow replied. "I know your malady is that you see too clearly, but you are improving. As it happens, I do have a most unusual shadow. Don't you see that figure who always accompanies me? Other people have a common shadow, but I do not care for what is common to all. Just as we often allow our servants better fabrics for their liveries than we wear ourselves, so I have had my shadow decked out as a man. Why, you see I have evenoutfitted him with a shadow of his own. It is expensive, I grant you, but I like to have something uncommon.""My!" the Princess thought. "Can I really be cured? This is the foremost watering place in the world, and in these days water has come to have wonderful medicinal powers. But I shan't leave just as the place is becoming amusing. I have taken a liking to this stranger. I only hope his beard won't grow, for then he would leave us."That evening, the Princess and the shadow danced together in the great ballroom. She was light, but he was lighter still. Never had she danced with such a partner. She told him what country she came from, and he knew it well. He had been there, but it was during her absence. He had looked through every window, high or low. He had seen this and he had seen that. So he could answer the Princess and suggest things that astounded her. She was convinced that he must be the wisest man in all the world. His knowledge impressed her so deeply, that while they were dancing she fell in love with him. The shadow could tell, for her eyes transfixed him, through and through. They danced again, and she came very near telling him she loved him, but it wouldn't do to be rash. She had to think of her country, and her throne, and the many people over whom she would reign."He is a clever man," she said to herself, "and that is a good thing. He dances charmingly, and that is good too. But is his knowledge more than superficial? That's just as important, so I must examine him."Tactfully, she began asking him the most difficult questions, which she herself could not have answered. The shadow made a wry face."You can't answer me?" said the Princess."I knew all that in my childhood," said the shadow. "Why, I believe that my shadow over there by the door can answer you.""Your shadow!" said the Princess. "That would be remarkable indeed!""I can't say for certain," said the shadow, "but I'm inclined to think so, because he has followed me about and listened to me for so many years. Yes, I am inclined to believe so. But your Royal Highness must permit me to tell you that he is quite proud of being able to pass for a man, so if he is to be in the right frame of mind to answer your questions he must be treated just as if he were human.""I like that!" said the Princess.So she went to the scholar in the doorway, and spoke with him about the sun and the moon, and about people, what they are inside, and what they seem to be on the surface. He answered her wisely and well."What a man that must be, to have such a wise shadow!" she thought. "It will be a godsend to my people, and to my country if I choose him for my consort. That's just what I'll do!"The Princess and the shadow came to an understanding, but no one was to know about it until she returned to her own kingdom."No one. Not even my shadow!" said the shadow. And he had his own private reason for this.Finally they came to the country that the Princess ruled when she was at home."Listen, my good friend," the shadow said the scholar, "I am now as happy and strong as one can be, so I'll do something very special for you. You shall live with me in my palace, drive with me in my royal carriage, and have a hundred thousand dollars a year. However, you must let yourself be called a shadow by everybody. You must not ever say that you have been a man, and once a year, while I sit on the balcony in the sunshine, you must lie at my feet as shadows do. For I tell you I am going to marry the Princess, and the wedding is to take place this very evening." "No! That's going too far," said the scholar. "I will not. I won't do it. That would be betraying the whole country and the Princess too. I'll tell them everything - that I am the man, and you are the shadow merely dressed as a man.""No one would believe it," said the shadow. "Be reasonable, or I'll call the sentry." "I'll go straight to the Princess," said the scholar."But I will go first," said the shadow, "and you shall go to prison."And to prison he went, for the sentries obeyed the one who, they knew, was to marry the Princess."Why, you're trembling," the Princess said, as the shadow entered her room. "What has happened? You mustn't fall ill this evening, just as we are about to be married." "I have been through the most dreadful experience that could happen to anyone," said the shadow. "Just imagine! Of course a poor shadow's head can't stand very much. But imagine! My shadow has gone mad. He takes himself for a man, and - imagine it! he takes me for his shadow.""How terrible!" said the Princess. "He's locked up, I hope!""Oh, of course. I'm afraid he will never recover.""Poor shadow," said the Princess. "He is very unhappy. It would really be a charitable act to relieve him of the little bit of life he has left. And, after thinking it over carefully, my opinion is that it will be necessary to put him out of the way." "That's certainly hard, for he was a faithful servant," said the shadow. He managed to sigh."You have a noble soul," the Princess told him.The whole city was brilliantly lit that evening. The cannons boomed, and the soldiers presented arms. That was the sort of wedding it was! The Princess and the shadow stepped out on the balcony to show themselves and be cheered, again and again. The scholar heard nothing of all this, for they had already done away with him.。
SwanandShadow的象似与隐喻认知分析
摘要：认知语言学认为象似和隐喻是人类的重要认知方式，是语言的普遍现象。
以形体诗歌Swan andShadow 为例，借助合成空间理论，分析以象似和隐喻为特征的认知运作机制。
两者互相影响、相辅相成，在构建语篇意义、把握语篇主旨方面起着重要作用。
关键词：象似；隐喻；合成空间理论中图分类号：H315文献标识码：A 文章编号：1008-3421（2009）06-0055-04《福建师范大学福清分校学报》ＪＯＵＲＮＡＬＯＦＦＵＱＩＮＧＢＲＡＮＣＨＯＦＦＵＪＩＡＮＮＯＲＭＡＬＵＮＩＶＥＲＳＩＴＹ2009年第6期总第95期Sum No.95收稿日期：2009-05-15作者简介：邓海丽（1973-），女，广东梅州人，讲师，硕士，主要研究：二语习得，认知语言学，翻译与实践。
1引言语言的象似性(iconicity)是认知语言学研究的主要内容之一，受到国内外语言学家的普遍重视。
语言的象似性指的是感知到的现实的形式与语言成分及结构之间的相似性(Fauconnier,1998)。
换而言之，象似是指语言的形式和内容（或者说，语言符号的能指和所指）之间的联系有着非任意性、有理据、可论证的一面。
国内认知语言学的研究者把“象似性”定义为：符号在音、形或结构上与其所指之间映照相似的现象。
根据该定义，“象似性”不仅体现在语言单位本身（音、形），而且还表现在语言单位的相互关系或结构中。
与索绪尔的语言符号任意说相反，象似性理论认为，语言的结构和形式直接映照所表达的概念和经验结构，即语言的形式和内容之间存在一种必然的联系，语言结构从某种程度上反映了人们对客观世界的认知和理解(Fauconnier,1997)。
象似性问题最早由美国哲学家、符号学的创始人———查理·皮尔斯(Charles S.Peirce)提出。
根据象似符的抽象程度及各种相似特征所占成分的多少，皮尔斯（1962）把象似符分成三类：映象符(imagic icons)、拟象符(diagrammatic icons)和隐喻符(metaphoric icons)。
英语谚语与小故事
英语谚语与小故事1．A bad beginning makes a bad ending.不善始者不善终。
2．A bad workman always blames his tools.不会撑船怪河弯。
3．Actions speak louder than words.事实胜于雄辩。
4．A fox may grow gray, but never good.江山易改，本性难移。
5。
A friend in need is a friend indeed.患难见真情。
6。
A friend is easier lost than found.得朋友难，失朋友易。
7．A good beginning is half done.良好的开端是成功的一半。
8．All rivers run into sea.海纳百川。
9．All things are difficult before they are easy.凡事总是由难而易。
10．A man can do no more than he can.凡事都应量力而行。
11。
A man cannot spin and reel at the same time.一心不能二用。
12．An apple a day keeps the doctor away.一天一苹果，不用请医生。
13．A new broom sweeps clean.新官上任三把火。
14. A single flower does not make a spring.一花独放不是春，百花齐放春满园。
15.A snow year, a rich year.瑞雪兆丰年。
16．A stitch in time saves nine.小洞不补，大洞吃苦。
17。
A straight foot is not afraid of a crooked shoe.身正不怕影子斜。
18。
A wise head makes a close mouth.真人不露相，露相非真人。
GRE熟词僻义
absolute[adj.]绝对的、完全的[adj.]无限制的<反>qualifiedacute[adj.]灵敏的、敏锐的[adj.](病)急性的<反>mildaffect[v]感情、影响[v] 假装冒充affect illness装病apprehend[v]逮捕、恐惧arresting[adj.]显著的、引人注意的arrest[v]逮捕[v]阻止、抑制[v]吸引balloon[n]气球[v]快速增加<反> decrease slowlybase[n]底部、基础[adj.] 卑鄙的, 低级的<反> sublime, noble, virtuous bent[adj.]弯曲的[n]特长、爱好、才能<反>ineptitude笨拙，无能[n]能力betray[v]背叛[v]暴露、显示blue[adj.]忧伤的、沮丧的blunt[adj.]钝的、直率的bore[v]令人讨厌[v]钻孔[n]孔、令人讨厌的人brook[v]容忍、忍受[n]小河buck[n]雄鹿、美元[v]反对bucket[n]桶[v]雨倾盆而下；颠簸buoy[n]浮标、救生圈[v] 使浮起, 支持, 鼓励cardboard[n] 硬纸板[adj.]不真实的carp[n] 鲤鱼[adj.] 吹毛求疵cast[v]投掷[v]铸造[n]演员阵容、剧团chase[v] 追赶, 追逐[v] 雕镂check[v]核对[n]账单、支票[v]突然停止、阻止jolt(摇晃、振动，突然动): move=check: stopchisel[n] 凿子[v]凿[v]欺骗chop[n]（用斧头）砍[v]（风）突然改变方向closet[n]壁橱pantry餐具室, 食品室: food=closet: clothes[adj.]秘密的commencement[n]开始[n]（大学的）毕业典礼commercial[adj.]商业的、贸易的[n]电视或商业中的广告commit[v]犯罪[v]托付、承诺conservatory[n] 温室[n] 音乐学校continent[n] 大陆, 陆地[adj.]节制control[n]试验的参照组、试验参照的标准<反> group experimented on被试验组convertible[n]可转换的[adj.]敞篷车court[n]宫廷、法庭[v]献殷勤、追求cow[n]母牛[n]威胁cowedcower[v]卷缩、畏缩<反>bristle发怒, 挑战crab[n]蟹[v]挑剔，抱怨credit[n]赊购,信任，（电影）片头字幕cringe[v]畏缩，谄媚critical[adj.]批评的，关键的crook[v]使弯曲[n]牧杖shepherd牧羊人: crook=wrangler牧马工: lariat 套索cushion[n]坐垫[v]缓冲damp[adj.]潮湿的[v]减弱，制止震动damp: vibration振动=stanch止住: flowdamped[adj.]压低声音的，减震的<反>amplified放大的扩大的dampen[v]（使）潮湿，使沮丧dampen: ardor=assuage: sorrowdefect[n]缺点[v]变节，脱党defile[v]弄脏，弄污[n]（山间）小道defile: narrowness=precipice悬崖: steepnessdeputy[n]代表，代理人，副警长determine[v] 决定, 确定[v] 测定digest[v]消化[v]领会, 领悟[v]容忍, 忍受[n]摘要；文摘；纲要discriminate[v]歧视，区别dispatch[v]派遣，一下子做完，吃完[n]迅速做完，迅速了结dissipate[v]（使）驱散，浪费husbandry: dissipate[反面特征]distinguished[adj.]著名的，卓越的down[n] 绒毛, 软毛, 开阔的高地drove[n]畜群，人群elaborate[adj.]精致的，复杂的<反>abstract抽象的, 深奥的, 理论的, 精炼的[v]详尽地说明<>simplify，elaborate : sketchy粗略的=articulate: unclear=fawn奉承, 讨好: imperious傲慢的；专横的=equivocate: directnessembarrass[v]使困窘, 使局促不安[v] 阻碍, 麻烦entrance[n]入口<反>egress出口[v]使神态恍惚，使着迷epic[n]叙事诗，史诗[adj.]英雄的，超出正常范围的even[adj.]心情平和的，不易生气的，[adj.]偶数的<反>odd[adj.]有规律的，均匀的<反>irregularexact[adj.]精确的[v]强求，强索<反>forgive免除(债务等); 赦免expansive[n]可扩大的，可伸展的[n]（指人）健谈的，开朗的<>reserved, taciturnexpedition[n]远征，探险[n]迅速fast[adv.]很快的，紧紧地[n]绝食，斋戒ferret[n]雪貂[v]搜索fell[n]兽皮[v]砍伐file[n]文件[n]锉刀[v]挫平flag[n]旗帜[v]衰退，枯萎fluffy[adj.]有绒毛的[adj.]空洞的foil[n]钝剑[n]锡箔纸, 金属薄片foil: metal=veneer(镶面板v胶合, 虚饰): wood[v]阻挠fold[n]羊栏，畜栏[v]折叠forage[n]（牛马的）饲料，粮草[v]搜索，翻寻forge[n]铁匠铺[v]锤炼[v]伪造forward[adj.]莽撞的foul[adj.]恶臭的，邪恶的[v]弄脏[n]（体育等）犯规founder[n]创建者[v]（船）沉没，（计划）失败frequent[adj.]惯常的[v]时常拜访galvanize[v]电镀，通电[v]激励gander[n]雄鹅，笨人[v]闲逛gloss[n]光泽[n]注解gloss: explanation=blurb大作广告: notice goad[n]赶牛棒[v]刺激，激励gorge[n]峡谷[v]贪婪地吃graft[v]嫁接，移植[n]贪污grave[adj.]严峻的，庄重的[n]墓穴grounded[adj.]有理由的<反> precarious靠不住的, 有问题的, 根据不充足的[adv.]地面上的<反>aloftgroup[v]使集合grouse[n]松鸡[v]牢骚，诉苦gull[n]海鸥[v]欺骗guy[n]家伙[n] 支索；拉绳guy: pylon塔门, 标塔, 标杆=strut: winghack[v]乱劈，乱砍[n]雇佣文人hamper[v]妨碍，阻挠[n]有盖提篮harbor[n]港，避难所[v]包庇，藏匿hatch[v]孵出[n]船舱盖hedge[n]树篱，限制hew[v]砍伐[v]遵守hide[n]兽皮hold[n]货舱humor[n]幽默[v]纵容，迁就husband[v]做的丈夫[v]妥善而又节约地管理husbandry[n]耕种，务农，节俭管理illumination[n]照明，古书上的图案，装饰incense[n]香味[v]激怒installment[n]分期付款，安装issue[v]出来，流出，发给，分给[n]论题，争论点，争端[n]（书刊的）一期volume: issue=stanza: line latitude[n]纬度[n]言行自由legend[n]传说[n]地图里的说明文字或图例legend: map=glossary: textLicense[n]执照、许可[n]放肆、放荡manifest[n]载货清单[adj.]显然的, 明白的mercenary[adj.]唯利是图的[n]雇佣兵milk[n]牛奶[v]榨取、剥削milk: extract提炼出, 分离出, 榨出=exploit: utilizemint[n]薄荷[n]大量[v]铸造minute[n]（复数）会议记录[adj.]微小的mold[n]模子[v]塑造[n]（美）霉moment[a] 片刻的, 瞬间的[n]瞬间[n] 重要, 紧要momentous极重要的：important 程度类比movement[n]运动[n]乐章obscure[a] 朦胧的, 模糊的[a]不出名的celebrity名声；声闻; 名人overlook[v]忽视[v]俯视pan[n]平底锅[v/n]严厉批评pan: harsh=barb说话带刺的: caustic 刻薄的peak[n]山峰[v]憔悴，消瘦pelt[n]毛皮[v]投掷，（雨）猛降pen[n]钢笔[n]母天鹅pen: swan=ewe母羊: sheep[n]监禁perch[v]栖息[n]鲈鱼piano[n]钢琴[adj.]轻柔的pine[ｎ]松树[adj.]（因疾病）憔悴，渴望pirate[n]海盗，剽窃者[v]盗印，掠夺pitch[n]沥青[n]音调plant[n]飞机[n]平面[n]刨子[v]刨plot[n]情节[n]阴谋pluck[v]拔毛，弹拉[n]勇气plumb[adv.]精确地[adj.] 完全的, 绝对的, 垂直的[v] 查明, 了解[v]测水深polish[v] 擦亮,磨光[n] 上光剂[n] 优雅, 精良prohibitive[adj.]抑制的,禁止的[adj.] 非常高的，昂贵的protocol[n] 草案, 协议[n] 外交礼节；礼仪provision[n] 供应；补给物[n] 【法律】规定, 条款provisional暂时的；临时的prune[n] 梅干prune: plum李子= raisin葡萄干: grape[v] 修剪; 删改; 删除prune: hedge=trim: hair purchase[v] 购买[n] 支点purchase: slippage滑动, 滑移=ballast: instabilityqualified[adj.] 有资格的[adj.] 有限制的；有保留的She gave qualified agreement. 她表示有条件的同意quarry[n] 猎物; 追求目标[n] 采石场quarry: rock=mine: ore, [v] 采(石); 挖掘quarry: stone=fell(v砍伐n兽皮, 羊毛): timber木材rail[n] 横杆, 围栏, 扶手, 铁轨[v] 责骂, 抱怨rank[n] 等级,阶级[adj.] 繁茂的, 恶臭的, 讨厌的, 下流的ravel[v] 拆开; 拆散[v] 使纠缠; 使纷乱ready[adj.] 有准备的[adj.] 迅速的；敏捷的refuse[v] 拒绝, 谢绝[n] 废物, 垃圾rifle[n] 步枪[v] 搜劫；洗劫royalty[n] 皇室, 王权[n] 版税；sap[n]树液, 汁液, 活力, 傻瓜[v]消耗;腐蚀;耗竭scale[v] 攀登,衡量[n] 刻度,衡量[n] 鳞，鳞片[n] 音阶secure[adj.]安全的, 可靠的[v] 使安全, 掩护[v] 关牢, 绑住, 固定semblance[n]外表、相似[n]伪装shadow[n]阴影、影子[v]遮蔽、尾随follow: shadow=leave: abscond shoulder[n]肩膀、路肩[v] 肩负, 承当shoal[adj.] 水浅的[n] 沙洲; 浅滩[n] 鱼群[n]大量、许多[v]成群、聚集signal[n] 信号[v] 发信号; 表示, 显示[adj.] 显著的; 重大的; 卓越的, 超群的skirt[n] 裙子[v]绕行、回避slew[v] 使旋转，使回旋[n]大量[]slay的过去分词：杀害, 毁灭slight[adj.]微小的[n/v] 轻[蔑]视; 玩忽, 怠慢smart[n/v] 刺痛, 痛苦smart: pain=grieve (使)悲痛: sorrow 前者导致后者[adj.] 聪明的, 漂亮的, 刺痛的, 剧烈的, 时髦地sock[n] 短袜, 零食[v] 重击, 猛投; 请...吃零食spate[n] 大批，大量; 突然[强烈]的爆发=outburst[n] 洪水<反> trickling flow涓涓细流spell[n]拼写[n] 符咒, 魅力[n] 一段时间[n]轮班；[集合体]一班工人=a shift of workerssport[v]炫耀、卖弄stalk[n] （植物的）干，茎, 梗，柄[v]隐伏跟踪steep[adj.] 陡峭的, 险峻的, 不合理的[v] 浸泡, 沉浸steer[v] 驾驶, 掌舵[n] （经阉割的）公牛stem[n] 干，茎[v]阻止、抑制stock[n]股票[n]家畜[adj.]普通的、常备的[n]储备存货stomach[n] 胃, 胃口[v] 忍受，容忍strength[n]力量、兵力[n] 浓度dilute: strength=slacken松弛, 放慢, 减弱: tauntness嘲弄, 奚落table[n] 桌子, 工作台[v] 搁置, 不加考虑<反>considertelling有效的, 明显的, 生动的temper[n] 脾气, 情绪, 心情[v] 冲淡；缓和；调剂to temper strong drink with water 用水将烈酒冲淡tender[adj.] 温柔的, 软弱的；敏感的;[v] 提出；使变柔软[n] 娇惯的人theatrical[adj.] 戏剧性的[adj.] 夸张的；矫揉造作的<>naturaltransport[v] 传送, 运输[v] 流放, 放逐[n] 狂喜trigger[n] 扳机[v]引发、导致trunk[n] 树干; 身躯; 象鼻[adj.] 躯干的, 主要的, 干线的[n] 大衣箱; 皮箱utter[v] 发声; 表明[adj.] 完全的; 彻底的; 绝对的;windy[adj.] 多风的[adj.] 吹牛的、冗长的、浮夸的 windy:concise=hackneyed陈腐的: original。
隐喻象似还是象似隐喻——基于《天鹅与倒影》的认知分析
语言象似性的研究 ， 但象似性 问题不是认知语言学 家提 Байду номын сангаас来 的 ， 它最早 由美 国哲 学 家 、 号学 的创始 人 符 之— —查 理 ・ 尔斯 （ ｈ ｒ ｓＳ ｅ ｃ ） 出。语 皮 Ｃ ａｌ ．Ｐ ｉ ｅ 提 ｅ ｒ 言 的象 似性指 的是 感知 到 的现实 的形式 与语 言成 分 及结 构 之 间 的相 似性 （ ａ ｃｎ ｉ ，１９ ） Ｆ ｕ ｏ ｎｅ ９ ８ 。换 而 言 ｒ 之， 象似是 指语 言 的形 式 和 内容 （ 或者 说 ， 言符 号 语
“ 概念 域 ” 的是 一个 巨 大 的知 识 结构 ， 指 比如我 们 关 于“ 程 ” “ 旅 、思想 ” “ 间 ” 概念 所 具 有 的知 识 。 或 时 等
收 稿 日期 ：０９０ －１ ２０ －７１
ｉａｉ ｉｏｓ 、 象符 （ｉ ｒｍｍ ｔ ｃｎ ） ｍ ｇ ｃｎ ）拟 ｃ ｄａ ａ ａｃｉ ｓ 和隐 喻 符 ｇ ｉ ｏ
一
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引言
认知语 言 学认 为象 似和 隐喻 是人类 的重要认 知 方式 ， 是语 言 的普遍 现象 。长 期 以来 ， 内外对 隐喻 国 和象 似 的研究 主要 从 以下 两个 角度 ： 一 个 角 度 是 第
概念域在普遍性的一个高级层次上具有一个实体和 关系 的基本 结 构 。 比如 ， 旅 程 ” “ 的概 念 域具 有旅 行 者 、 路 、 始 点 、 点 等角 色 。一 个 概 念 隐 喻 由一 道 起 终 个 概 念域 （ 域 ） 另 一 个概 念 域 （ 源 到 目的域 ） 的基 本
作者简介： 邓海丽 （９ ３～ ） 女 ， １７ ， 广东梅州人 ， 讲师 ， 硕士。研究方向 ： 习得 、 二语 认知语言学 、 翻译与实践。 霍金根（ ９ ３～ ） 男 ， １４ ， 天津市人 ， 英语教授 ， 东莞理工学 院城市学 院文学与传媒系学科带头人 。研究 方向： 篇分析、 用文体 语 应
黑天鹅的传说
黑天鹅的传说据说黑天鹅是澳zhou的洲鸟，受到当地*的尊敬和宠爱。
黑天鹅是爱情之鸟，人们常以鸳鸯比作热恋中的情侣，岂不zhi传说在很久hen久yi前，在很远很yuan的地方，有一个美丽的公主。
由于惹怒了可怕的巫师，而被wu师变成了一zhi天鹅。
一只黑*羽毛的天鹅。
每dang黄昏的时候，这只蒙难的黑天鹅就在一个遥远的海tan郁men的梳理自己黑*的羽毛，她的眼泪不断的往下流。
伤心的泪日久天长汇成一个湖泊，伤心的泪日久天长也会感天动地。
在一天黄昏时刻，落日染hong了半边蓝天，xi阳中飞来一只白天鹅。
牠围绕着黑天鹅盘旋很久，突然一声长鸣pu落在黑天鹅的身边。
牠说:"索拉娜，我到处寻你，望穿双眼。
飞遍了山山水水终于在天涯海角找到你。
"白天鹅泣不成sheng，黑天鹅泪如雨注。
原来白天鹅与索tian娜两小无猜，青梅竹马，自从索拉娜遇害之后他痛苦已极，舍生忘死找到巫师求他放过索拉娜，巫师不肯，他舍命力争，同yang惹怒了巫shi变成了白天鹅。
这对患难夫妻从此形影不离，生死与共。
不知过了多少年之后，这个美丽的湖泊依然存在，变得更加绚丽多*。
湖水中屹立的黑白liang个巨石晚霞之中踏氺而飞，雄wei如今，每到黄hun，成群结队的黑白天鹅都要飞到这里嬉戏游玩，梳理羽毛。
他们相依相随相敬如bin2。
黑天鹅的故事、一群美丽detian鹅飞过，蛤蟆盯着领头的白天鹅目不转睛，只看得xinchi神往。
一旁de青蛙叽笑道:"zuo蛤蟆想吃天鹅肉，你父辈都没能实现，你就别痴心妄想了。
"蛤蟆目光坚毅地说道:"一切皆有可能-我能-"青蛙大牙都快笑掉了，鄙视dao:"快回去照照，一身疙瘩加上一副丑陋无比的脸，天e姐姐能看上你吗?"蛤蟆反驳道:"井底的青蛙，只见过巴掌大的一片天，能有什么高见?天下的事只有想不dao的，没有办不到的。
都说蛙类爬不上树，就有倔犟的、有志气的蛙类不相xin，现在看kan，它们bu也真爬上了树了-就你没志向，光会呆在井里数星星-"青蛙说道:"那可不一样-还是呆在井里安全-我看你和乌鸦倒ting你长得难看，她叫得难听，到了一块谁也不嫌谁-"蛤蟆生气了，不再理cai蛤蟆tian天守侯在天鹅飞过的di方，每次白天鹅飞过，蛤蟆都看得如痴如醉，天鹅那优美的身姿、高贵de气质深深地吸引了它-怎样才能和天鹅在一块哪?想破了脑袋也没想出个主意，忽然想到了在森林的深处，那里住着一群精灵，它们无所不能-何不求他们帮帮mang 蛤蟆来到liao你有什么shi拿出我quan部的金*给你，只要你帮我得到白tian鹅。
“三美原则”
“三美原则”摘要：中国古典诗歌以其凝练隽永，意境深远而独树一帜。
诗歌中的意象都蕴涵了丰富的民族文化内涵，因此古诗英译的过程中最难的就是文化意象的处理。
本文运用许渊冲教授的“三美”标准来探讨诗歌翻译中文化意象的重构，旨在为诗歌中意象的传达提供可借鉴的方法。
关键词：古典诗歌，文化意象，“三美”原则中图分类号：h315 文献标识码：a 文章编号：1006-026x（2012）08-0000-01一、引语“译诗难，译中国诗更难，这几乎是文坛一条公认的铁则。
”诗歌翻译的最高境界是美的追求，而这种美的追求归根到底，就是诗歌中意境美的完美呈现。
翁显良先生曾提出“汉诗英译要保持本色，……这本色，……在于意象及其加强其艺术效果的节奏。
”[2]49 谢天振教授在其《译介学》中写道：“传递文化意象的问题，从根本上而言，其实就是一直困扰翻译界的如何处理翻译中原作的形式与内容的问题。
” [3]181许渊冲教授先后在专著《翻译的艺术》中提出了诗歌翻译三美原则。
他强调译诗应该展示原诗的“意美”，因此文化意象的处理是关键，而“音美”和“形美”是达到“意美”的必要条件，对突出诗中的文化意象也起着重要作用。
[4]本文将以“三美原则”为标准来进一步探讨并评析古诗英译中文化意象的传递方法及效果。
二、古诗英译中文化意象的差异中国古典诗歌中含有大量的经典意象并具有深厚的文化底蕴。
古诗英译过程中，两种文化的差异可能导致译文出现意象的错位现象，即翻译中由于文化因素所引起的文化形象、文化涵义等的缺失。
比如李白的《黄鹤楼送孟浩然之广陵中的》“三月”有人译为may，flowery may，april等，而王守义、诺弗尔却把它译为march…而原来的‘三月’指得是阴历三月，在公历上应该是四月。
由于文化的不同，古诗词中还分布着大量中国文化所特有的意象。
例如《何满子》中“何满子”是一首曲名，声调哀婉。
白居易诗云：“世传满子是人名，临就刑时曲始成”许渊冲翻译这一意象时采用了“swan song”，它指的是天鹅临死前发出的最美妙的声音，后来喻指人们最后所做的最为成功的作品。
小学英语 英语故事(童话故事)The Shadow 影子
The Shadow 影子It is in the hot countries that the sun burns down in earnest, turning the people there a deep mahogany-brown. In the hottest countries of all they are seared into negroes, but it was not quite that hot in this country to which a man of learning had come from the colder north. He expected to go about there just as he had at home, but he soon discovered that this was a mistake. He and other sensible souls had to stay inside. The shutters were drawn and the doors were closed all day long. It looked just as if everyone were asleep or away from home. The narrow street of high houses where he lived was so situated that from morning till night the sun beat down on it - unbearably!To this young and clever scholar from the colder north, it felt as if he were sitting in a blazing hot oven. It exhausted him so that he became very thin, and even his shadow shrank much smaller than it had been at home. Only in the evenings, after sundown, did the man and his shadow begin to recover.This was really a joy to see. As soon as a candle was brought into the room, the shadow had to stretch itself to get its strength back. It stretched up to the wall, yes, even along the ceiling, so tall did it grow. To stretch himself, the scholar went out on the balcony. As soon as the stars came out in the beautifully clear sky, he felt as if he had come back to life.In warm countries each window has a balcony, and in all the balconies up and down the street people came out to breathe the fresh air that one needs, even if one is already a fine mahogany-brown. Both up above and down below, things became lively. Tailors, shoemakers - everybody - moved out in the street. Chairs and tables were brought out, and candles were lighted, yes, candles by the thousand. One man talked, another sang, people strolled about, carriages drove by, and donkeys trotted along, ting-a-ling-a-ling, for their harness had bells on it. There were church bells ringing, hymn singing, and funeral processions. There were boys in the street firing off Roman candles. Oh yes, it was lively as lively can be down in that street. Only one house was quiet - the one directly across from where the scholarly stranger lived. Yet someone lived there, for flowers on the balcony grew and thrived under that hot sun, which they could not have done unless they were watered. So someone must be watering them, and there must be people in the house. Along in the evening, as a matter of fact, the door across the street was opened. But it was dark inside, at least in the front room. From somewhere in the house, farther back, came the sound of music. The scholarly stranger thought the music was marvelous, but it is quite possible that he only imagined this, for out there in the warm countries he thought everything was marvelous - except the sun. The stranger's landlord said that he didn't know who had rented the house across the street. No one was ever to be seen over there, and as for the music, he found it extremely tiresome. He said:"It's just as if somebody sits there practicing a piece that's beyond him - always the selfsame piece. 'I'll play it right yet,' he probably says, but he doesn't, no matter how long he tries."One night the stranger woke up. He slept with the windows to his balcony open, and as the breeze blew his curtain aside he fancied that a marvelous radiance came from the balcony across the street. The colors of all the flowers were as brilliant as flames. In their midst stood a maiden, slender and lovely. It seemed as if a radiance came from her too. It actually hurt his eyes, but that was because he had opened them too wide in his sudden awakening.One leap, and he was out of bed. Without a sound, he looked out through his curtains, but the maiden was gone. The flowers were no longer radiant, though they bloomed as fresh and fair as usual. The door was ajar and through it came music so lovely and soft that one could really feel very romantic about it. It was like magic. But who lived there? What entrance did they use? Facing the street, the lower floor of the house was a row of shops, and people couldn't run through them all the time. On another evening, the stranger sat out on his balcony. The candle burned in the room behind him, so naturally his shadow was cast on the wall across the street. Yes, there it sat among the flowers, and when the stranger moved, it moved with him. "I believe my shadow is the only living thing to be seen over there," the scholar thought to himself. "See how he makes himself at home among the flowers. The door stands ajar, and if my shadow were clever he'd step in, have a look around, and come back to tell me what he had seen.""Yes," he said as a joke, "you ought to make yourself useful. Kindly step inside. Well, aren't you going?" He nodded to the shadow, and the shadow nodded back. "Run along now, but be sure to come back."The stranger rose, and his shadow across the street rose with him. The stranger turned around, and his shadow turned too. If anyone had been watching closely, he would have seen the shadow enter the half-open balcony door in the house across the way at the same instant that the stranger returned to his room and the curtain fell behind him.Next morning, when the scholar went out to take his coffee and read the newspapers, he said, "What's this?" as he came out in the sunshine. "I haven't any shadow! So it really did go away last night, and it stayed away. Isn't that annoying?" What annoyed him most was not so much the loss of his shadow, but the knowledge that there was already a story about a man without a shadow. All the people at home knew that story. If he went back and told them his story they would say he was just imitating the old one. He did not care to be called unoriginal, so he decided to say nothing about it, which was the most sensible thing to do.That evening he again went out on the balcony. He had placed the candle directly behind him, because he knew that a shadow always likes to use its master as a screen, but he could not coax it forth. He made himself short and he made himself tall, but there was no shadow. It didn't come forth. He hemmed and he hawed, but it was no use.This was very vexing, but in the hot countries everything grows most rapidly, and in a week or so he noticed with great satisfaction that when he went out in the sunshine a new shadow was growing at his feet. The root must have been left with him. In three weeks' time he had a very presentable shadow, and as he started northagain it grew longer and longer, until it got so long and large that half of it would have been quite sufficient.The learned man went home and wrote books about those things in the world that are true, that are good, and that are beautiful.The days went by and the years went past, many, many years in fact. Then one evening when he was sitting in his room he heard a soft tapping at his door. "Come in," said he, but no one came in. He opened the door and was confronted by a man so extremely thin that it gave him a strange feeling. However, the man was faultlessly dressed, and looked like a person of distinction."With whom do I have the honor of speaking?" the scholar asked."Ah," said the distinguished visitor, "I thought you wouldn't recognize me, now that I've put real flesh on my body and wear clothes. I don't suppose you ever expected to see me in such fine condition. Don't you know your old shadow? You must have thought I'd never come back. Things have gone remarkably well with me since I was last with you. I've thrived in every way, and if I have to buy my freedom, I can." He rattled a bunch of valuable charms that hung from his watch, and fingered the massive gold chain he wore around his neck. Ho! how his fingers flashed with diamond rings - and all this jewelry was real."No, I can't get over it!" said the scholar. "What does it all mean?""Nothing ordinary, you may be sure," said the shadow. "But you are no ordinary person and I, as you know, have followed in your footsteps from childhood. As soon as you thought me sufficiently experienced to strike out in the world for myself, I went my way. I have been immeasurably successful. But I felt a sort of longing to see you again before you die, as I suppose you must, and I wanted to see this country again. You know how one loves his native land. I know that you have got hold of another shadow. Do I owe anything to either of you? Be kind enough to let me know." "Well! Is it really you?" said the scholar. "Why, this is most extraordinary! I would never have imagined that one's own shadow could come back in human form." "Just tell me what I owe," said the shadow, "because I don't like to be in debt to anyone.""How can you talk that way? said the student. "What debt could there be? Feel perfectly free. I am tremendously pleased to hear of your good luck! Sit down, my old friend, and tell me a bit about how it all happened, and about what you saw in that house across the street from us in the warm country.""Yes, I'll tell you all about it," the shadow said, as he sat down. "But you must promise that if you meet me anywhere you won't tell a soul in town about my having been your shadow. I intend to become engaged, for I can easily support a family." "Don't you worry," said the scholar. "I won't tell anyone who you really are. I give you my hand on it. I promise, and a man is as good as his word.""And a word is as good as its - shadow," the shadow said, for he couldn't put it any other way.It was really remarkable how much of a man he had become, dressed all in black, with the finest cloth, patent-leather shoes, and an opera hat that could be pressed perfectly flat till it was only brim and top, not to mention those things we alreadyknow about - those seals, that gold chain, and the diamond rings. The shadow was well dressed indeed, and it was just this that made him appear human."Now I'll tell you," said the shadow, grinding his patent-leather shoes on the arm of the scholar's new shadow, which lay at his feet like apoodle dog. This was arrogance, perhaps, or possibly he was trying to make the new shadow stick to his own feet. The shadow on the floor lay quiet and still, and listened its best, so that it might learn how to get free and work its way up to be its own master."Do you know who lived in the house across the street from us?" the old shadow asked. "She was the most lovely of all creatures - she was Poetry herself. I lived there for three weeks, and it was as if I had lived there three thousand years, reading all that has ever been written. That's what I said, and it's the truth! I have seen it all, and I know everything.""Poetry!" the scholar cried. "Yes, to be sure she often lives as a hermit in the large cities. Poetry! Yes, I saw her myself, for one brief moment, but my eyes were heavy with sleep. She stood on the balcony, as radiant as the northern lights. Tell me! Tell me! You were on the balcony. You went through the doorway, and then - " "Then I was in the anteroom," said the shadow. "It was the room you were always staring at from across the way. There were no candles there, and the room was in twilight. But the door upon door stood open in a whole series of brilliantly lit halls and reception rooms. That blaze of lights would have struck me dead had I gone as far as the room where the maiden was, but I was careful - I took my time, as one should." "And then what did you see, my old friend?" the scholar asked."I saw everything, and I shall tell everything to you, but - it's not that I'm proud - but as I am a free man and well educated, not to mention my high standing and my considerable fortune, I do wish you wouldn't call me your old friend.""I beg your pardon!" said the scholar. "It's an old habit, and hard to change. You are perfectly right, my dear sir, and I'll remember it. But now, my dear sir, tell me of all that you saw.""All?" said the shadow, "for I saw it all, and I know everything.""How did the innermost rooms look?" the scholar asked. "Was it like a green forest? Was it like a holy temple? Were the rooms like the starry skies seen from some high mountain?""Everything was there," said the shadow. "I didn't quite go inside. I stayed in the dark anteroom, but my place there was perfect. I saw everything, and I know everything.I have been in the antechamber at the court of Poetry.""But what did you see? Did the gods of old march through the halls? Did the old heroes fight there? Did fair children play there and tell their dreams?""I was there, I tell you, so you must understand that I saw all thatthere was to be seen. Had you come over, it would not have made a man of you, as it did of me. Also, I learned to understand my inner self, what is born in me, and the relationship between me and Poetry. Yes, when I was with you I did not think of such things, but you must remember how wonderfully I always expanded at sunrise and sunset. And in the moonlight I almost seemed more real than you. Then I did notunderstand myself, but in that anteroom I came to know my true nature. I was a man!I came out completely changed. But you were no longer in the warm country. Beinga man, I was ashamed to be seen as I was. I lacked shoes, clothes, and all the surface veneer which makes a man."I went into hiding - this is confidential, and you must not write it in any of your books. I went into hiding under the skirts of the cake-woman. Little she knew what she concealed. Not until evening did I venture out. I ran through the streets in the moonlight and stretched myself tall against the walls. It's such a pleasant way of scratching one's back. Up I ran and down I ran, peeping into the highest windows, into drawing rooms, and into garrets. I peered in where no one else could peer. I saw what no one else could see, or should see. Taken all in all, it's a wicked world.I would not care to be a man if it were not considered the fashionable thing to be.I saw the most incredible behavior among men and women, fathers and mothers, and among those 'perfectly darling' children. I saw what nobody knows but everybody would like to know, and that is what wickedness goes on next door. If I had written it in a newspaper, oh, how widely it would have been read! But instead I wrote to the people directly concerned, and there was the most terrible consternation in every town to which I came. They were so afraid of me, and yet so remarkably fond of me. The professors appointed me a professor, and the tailor made me new clothes - my wardrobe is most complete. The master of the mint coined new money for me, the women called me such a handsome man; and so I became the man I am. Now I must bid you good-by. Here's my card. I live on the sunny side of the street, and I am always at home on rainy days." The shadow took his leave."How extraordinary," said the scholar.The days passed. The years went by. And the shadow called again. "How goes it?" he asked."Alack," said the scholar, "I still write about the true, the good, and the beautiful, but nobody cares to read about such things. I feel quite despondent, for I take it deeply to heart.""I don't," said the shadow. "I am getting fat, as one should. You don't know the ways of the world, and that's why your health suffers. You ought to travel. I'm taking a trip this summer. Will you come with me? I'd like to have a traveling companion. Will you come along as my shadow? It would be a great pleasure to have you along, and I'll pay all the expenses.""No, that's a bit too much," said the scholar."It depends on how you look at it," said the shadow. "It will do you a lot of good to travel. Will you be my shadow? The trip won't cost you a thing.""This has gone much too far!" said the scholar."Well, that's the way the world goes," the shadow told him, "and that's the way it will keep on going." And away he went.The learned man was not at all well. Sorrow and trouble pursued him, and what he had to say about the good, the true, and the beautiful, appealed to most people about as much as roses appeal to a cow. Finally he grew quite ill."You really look like a shadow," people told him, and he trembled at the thought."You must visit a watering place," said the shadow, who came to see him again. "There's no question about it. I'll take you with me, for old friendship's sake. I'll pay for the trip, and you can write about it, as well as doing your best to amuse me along the way. I need to go to a watering place too, because my beard isn't growing as it should. That's a sort of disease too, and one can't get along without a beard. Now do be reasonable and accept my proposal. We shall travel just like friends!"So off they started. The shadow was master now, and the master was the shadow. They drove together, rode together, and walked together, side by side, before or behind each other, according to the way the sun fell. The shadow was careful to take the place of the master, and the scholar didn't much care, for he had an innocent heart, besides being most affable and friendly.One day he said to the shadow, "As we are now fellow-travelers and have grown up together, shall we not call each other by our first names, the way good companions should? It is much more intimate.""That's a splendid idea!" said the shadow, who was now the real master. "What you say is most open-hearted and friendly. I shall be just as friendly and open-hearted with you. As a scholar, you are perfectly well aware how strange is man's nature. Some men cannot bear the touch of gray paper. It sickens them. Others quail if they hear a nail scratched across a pane of glass. For my part, I am affected in just that way when I hear you call me by my first name. I feel myself ground down to the earth, as I was in my first position with you. You understand. It's a matter of sensitivity, not pride. I cannot let you call me by my first name, but I shall be glad to call you by yours, as a compromise." So thereafter the shadow called his one-time master by his first name."It has gone too far," the scholar thought, "when I must call him by his last name while he calls me by my first!" But he had to put up with it.At last they came to the watering place. Among the many people was a lovely Princess. Her malady was that she saw things too clearly, which can be most upsetting. For instance, she immediately saw that the newcomer was a very different sort of person from all the others."He has come here to make his beard grow, they say. But I see the real reason. He can't cast a shadow."Her curiosity was aroused, and on the promenade she addressed this stranger directly. Being a king's daughter, she did not have to stand upon ceremony, so she said to him straight:"Your trouble is that you can't cast a shadow.""Your Royal Highness must have improved considerably," the shadow replied. "I know your malady is that you see too clearly, but you are improving. As it happens, I do have a most unusual shadow. Don't you see that figure who always accompanies me? Other people have a common shadow, but I do not care for what is common to all. Just as we often allow our servants better fabrics for their liveries than we wear ourselves, so I have had my shadow decked out as a man. Why, you see I have evenoutfitted him with a shadow of his own. It is expensive, I grant you, but I like to have something uncommon.""My!" the Princess thought. "Can I really be cured? This is the foremost watering place in the world, and in these days water has come to have wonderful medicinal powers. But I shan't leave just as the place is becoming amusing. I have taken a liking to this stranger. I only hope his beard won't grow, for then he would leave us."That evening, the Princess and the shadow danced together in the great ballroom. She was light, but he was lighter still. Never had she danced with such a partner. She told him what country she came from, and he knew it well. He had been there, but it was during her absence. He had looked through every window, high or low. He had seen this and he had seen that. So he could answer the Princess and suggest things that astounded her. She was convinced that he must be the wisest man in all the world. His knowledge impressed her so deeply, that while they were dancing she fell in love with him. The shadow could tell, for her eyes transfixed him, through and through. They danced again, and she came very near telling him she loved him, but it wouldn't do to be rash. She had to think of her country, and her throne, and the many people over whom she would reign."He is a clever man," she said to herself, "and that is a good thing. He dances charmingly, and that is good too. But is his knowledge more than superficial? That's just as important, so I must examine him."Tactfully, she began asking him the most difficult questions, which she herself could not have answered. The shadow made a wry face."You can't answer me?" said the Princess."I knew all that in my childhood," said the shadow. "Why, I believe that my shadow over there by the door can answer you.""Your shadow!" said the Princess. "That would be remarkable indeed!""I can't say for certain," said the shadow, "but I'm inclined to think so, because he has followed me about and listened to me for so many years. Yes, I am inclined to believe so. But your Royal Highness must permit me to tell you that he is quite proud of being able to pass for a man, so if he is to be in the right frame of mind to answer your questions he must be treated just as if he were human.""I like that!" said the Princess.So she went to the scholar in the doorway, and spoke with him about the sun and the moon, and about people, what they are inside, and what they seem to be on the surface. He answered her wisely and well."What a man that must be, to have such a wise shadow!" she thought. "It will be a godsend to my people, and to my country if I choose him for my consort. That's just what I'll do!"The Princess and the shadow came to an understanding, but no one was to know about it until she returned to her own kingdom."No one. Not even my shadow!" said the shadow. And he had his own private reason for this.Finally they came to the country that the Princess ruled when she was at home."Listen, my good friend," the shadow said the scholar, "I am now as happy and strong as one can be, so I'll do something very special for you. You shall live with me in my palace, drive with me in my royal carriage, and have a hundred thousand dollars a year. However, you must let yourself be called a shadow by everybody. You must not ever say that you have been a man, and once a year, while I sit on the balcony in the sunshine, you must lie at my feet as shadows do. For I tell you I am going to marry the Princess, and the wedding is to take place this very evening." "No! That's going too far," said the scholar. "I will not. I won't do it. That would be betraying the whole country and the Princess too. I'll tell them everything - that I am the man, and you are the shadow merely dressed as a man.""No one would believe it," said the shadow. "Be reasonable, or I'll call the sentry." "I'll go straight to the Princess," said the scholar."But I will go first," said the shadow, "and you shall go to prison."And to prison he went, for the sentries obeyed the one who, they knew, was to marry the Princess."Why, you're trembling," the Princess said, as the shadow entered her room. "What has happened? You mustn't fall ill this evening, just as we are about to be married." "I have been through the most dreadful experience that could happen to anyone," said the shadow. "Just imagine! Of course a poor shadow's head can't stand very much. But imagine! My shadow has gone mad. He takes himself for a man, and - imagine it! he takes me for his shadow.""How terrible!" said the Princess. "He's locked up, I hope!""Oh, of course. I'm afraid he will never recover.""Poor shadow," said the Princess. "He is very unhappy. It would really be a charitable act to relieve him of the little bit of life he has left. And, after thinking it over carefully, my opinion is that it will be necessary to put him out of the way." "That's certainly hard, for he was a faithful servant," said the shadow. He managed to sigh."You have a noble soul," the Princess told him.The whole city was brilliantly lit that evening. The cannons boomed, and the soldiers presented arms. That was the sort of wedding it was! The Princess and the shadow stepped out on the balcony to show themselves and be cheered, again and again. The scholar heard nothing of all this, for they had already done away with him.。
安徒生童话故事：野天鹅（2）
安徒生童话故事：野天鹅(2)“How can I break this spell?” said their sister. And then she talked about it nearly the whole night, only slumbering for a few hours. Eliza was awakened by the rustling of the swans’ wings as they soared above. Her brothers were again changed to swans, and they flew in circles wider and wider, till they were far away; but one of them, the youngest swan, remained behind, and laid his head in his sister’s lap, while she str oked his wings; and they remained together the whole day. Towards evening, the rest came back, and as the sun went down they resumed their natural forms. “To-morrow,” said one, “we shall fly away, not to return again till a whole year has passed. But we cannot leave you here. Have you courage to go with us? My arm is strong enough to carry you through the wood; and will not all our wings be strong enough to fly with you over the sea?”“Yes, take me with you,” said Eliza. Then they spent the whole night in weaving a net with the pliant willow and rushes. It was very large and strong. Eliza laid herself down on the net, and when the sun rose, and her brothers again became wild swans, they took up the net with their beaks, and flew up to the clouds with their dear sister, who still slept. The sunbeams fell on her face, therefore one of the swans soared over her head, so that his broad wings might shade her. They were far from the land when Eliza woke. She thought she must still be dreaming, it seemed so strange to her to feel herself being carried so high in the air over the sea. By her side lay a branch full of beautiful ripe berries, and a bundle of sweet roots; the youngest of her brothers had gathered them for her, and placed them by her side. She smiled her thanks to him; she knew it was the same who had hoveredover her to shade her with his wings. They were now so high, that a large ship beneath them looked like a white sea-gull skimming the waves. A great cloud floating behind them appeared like a vast mountain, and upon it Eliza saw her own shadow and those of the eleven swans, looking gigantic in size. Altogether it formed a more beautiful picture than she had ever seen; but as the sun rose higher, and the clouds were left behind, the shadowy picture vanished away. Onward the whole day they flew through the air like a winged arrow, yet more slowly than usual, for they had their sister to carry. The weather seemed inclined to be stormy, and Eliza watched the sinking sun with great anxiety, for the little rock in the ocean was not yet in sight. It appeared to her as if the swans were making great efforts with their wings. Alas! she was the cause of their not advancing more quickly. When the sun set, they would change to men, fall into the sea and be drowned. Then she offered a prayer from her inmost heart, but still no appearance of the rock. Dark clouds came nearer, the gusts of wind told of a coming storm, while from a thick, heavy mass of clouds the lightning burst forth flash after flash. The sun had reached the edge of the sea, when the swans darted down so swiftly, that Eliza’s head trembled; she believed they were falling, but they again soared onward. Presently she caught sight of the rock just below them, and by this time the sun was half hidden by the waves. The rock did not appear larger than a seal’s head thrust out of the water. They sunk so rapidly, that at the moment their feet touched the rock, it shone only like a star, and at last disappeared like the last spark in a piece of burnt paper. Then she saw her brothers standing closely round her with their arms linked together. There was but just room enough for them, and not the smallest space to spare. The sea dashed against the rock,and covered them with spray. The heavens were lighted up with continual flashes, and peal after peal of thunder rolled. But the sister and brothers sat holding each other’s hands, and singing hymns, from which they gained hope and courage. In the early dawn the air became calm and still, and at sunrise the swans flew away from the rock with Eliza. The sea was still rough, and from their high position in the air, the white foam on the dark green waves looked like millions of swans swimming on the water. As the sun rose higher, Eliza saw before her, floating on the air, a range of mountains, with shining masses of ice on their summits. In the centre, rose a castle apparently a mile long, with rows of columns, rising one above another, while, around it, palm-trees waved and flowers bloomed as large as mill wheels. She asked if this was the land to which they were hastening. The swans shook their heads, for what she beheld were the beautiful ever-changing cloud palaces of the “Fata Morgana,” into which no mortal can enter. Eliza was still gazing at the scene, when mountains, forests, and castles melted away, and twenty stately churches rose in their stead, with high towers and pointed gothic windows. Eliza even fancied she could hear the tones of the organ, but it was the music of the murmuring sea which she heard. As they drew nearer to the churches, they also changed into a fleet of ships, which seemed to be sailing beneath her; but as she looked again, she found it was only a sea mist gliding over the ocean. So there continued to pass before her eyes a constant change of scene, till at last she saw the real land to which they were bound, with its blue mountains, its cedar forests, and its cities and palaces. Long before the sun went down, she sat on a rock, in front of a large cave, on the floor of which the over-grown yet delicate green creeping plants looked like an embroideredcarpet. “Now we shall expect to hear what you dream of to-night,” said the youngest brother, as he showed his sister her bedroom.“Heaven grant that I may dream how to save you,” she replied. And this thought took such hold upon her mind that she prayed earnestly to God for help, and even in her sleep she continued to pray. Then it appeared to her as if she were flying high in the air, towards the cloudy palace of the “Fata Morgana,” and a fairy came out to meet her, radiant and beautiful in appearance, and yet very much like the old woman who had given her berries in the wood, and who had told her of the swans with golden crowns on their heads. “Your brothers can be released,” said she, “if you have on ly courage and perseverance. True, water is softer than your own delicate hands, and yet it polishes stones into shapes; it feels no pain as your fingers would feel, it has no soul, and cannot suffer such agony and torment as you will have to endure. Do you see the stinging nettle which I hold in my hand? Quantities of the same sort grow round the cave in which you sleep, but none will be of any use to you unless they grow upon the graves in a churchyard. These you must gather even while they burn blisters on your hands. Break them to pieces with your hands and feet, and they will become flax, from which you must spin and weave eleven coats with long sleeves; if these are then thrown over the eleven swans, the spell will be broken. But remember, that from the moment you commence your task until it is finished, even should it occupy years of your life, you must not speak. The first word you utter will pierce through the hearts of your brothers like a deadly dagger. Their lives hang upon your tongue. Remember all I have told you.” And as she finished speaking, she touched her handlightly with the nettle, and a pain, as of burning fire, awoke Eliza.It was broad daylight, and close by where she had been sleeping lay a nettle like the one she had seen in her dream. She fell on her knees and offered her thanks to God. Then she went forth from the cave to begin her work with her delicate hands. She groped in amongst the ugly nettles, which burnt great blisters on her hands and arms, but she determined to bear it gladly if she could only release her dear brothers. So she bruised the nettles with her bare feet and spun the flax. At sunset her brothers returned and were very much frightened when they found her dumb. They believed it to be some new sorcery of their wicked step-mother. But when they saw her hands they understood what she was doing on their behalf, and the youngest brother wept, and where his tears fell the pain ceased, and the burning blisters vanished. She kept to her work all night, for she could not rest till she had released her dear brothers. During the whole of the following day, while her brothers were absent, she sat in solitude, but never before had the time flown so quickly. One coat was already finished and she had begun the second, when she hear d the huntsman’s horn, and was struck with fear. The sound came nearer and nearer, she heard the dogs barking, and fled with terror into the cave. She hastily bound together the nettles she had gathered into a bundle and sat upon them. Immediately a great dog came bounding towards her out of the ravine, and then another and another; they barked loudly, ran back, and then came again. In a very few minutes all the huntsmen stood before the cave, and the handsomest of them was the king of the country. He advanced towards her, for he had never seen a more beautiful maiden.“How did you come here, my sweet child?” he asked. ButEliza shook her head. She dared not speak, at the cost of her brothers’ lives. And she hid her hands under her apron, so that the king might not see how she must be suffering.“Come with me,” he said; “here you cannot remain. If you are as good as you are beautiful, I will dress you in silk and velvet, I will place a golden crown upon your head, and you shall dwell, and rule, and make your home in my richest castle.” And then he lifted her on his horse. She wept and wrung her hands, but the king said, “I wish only for your happiness. A time will come when you will thank me for this.” And then he galloped away over the mountains, holding her before him on this horse, and the hunters followed behind them. As the sun went down, they approached a fair royal city, with churches, and cupolas. On arriving at the castle the king led her into marble halls, where large fountains played, and where the walls and the ceilings were covered with rich paintings. But she had no eyes for all these glorious sights, she could only mourn and weep. Patiently she allowed the women to array her in royal robes, to weave pearls in her hair, and draw soft gloves over her blistered fingers. As she stood before them in all her rich dress, she looked so dazzingly beautiful that the court bowed low in her presence. Then the king declared his intention of making her his bride, but the archbishop shook his head, and whispered that the fair young maiden was only a witch who had blinded the king’s eyes and bewitched his heart. But the king would not listen to this; he ordered the music to sound, the daintiest dishes to be served, and the loveliest maidens to dance. After-wards he led her through fragrant gardens and lofty halls, but not a smile appeared on her lips or sparkled in her eyes. She looked the very picture of grief. Then the king opened the door of a little chamber in which she. was tosleep; it was adorned with rich green tapestry, and resembled the cave in which he had found her. On the floor lay the bundle of flax which she had spun from the nettles, and under the ceiling hung the coat she had made. These things had been brought away from the cave as curiosities by one of the huntsmen.“Here you can dream yourself back again in the old home in the cave,” said the king; “here is the work with which you employed yourself. It will amuse you now in the midst of all this splendor to think of that time.”When Eliza saw all these things which lay so near her heart, a smile played around her mouth, and the crimson blood rushed to her cheeks. She thought of her brothers, and their release made her so joyful that she kissed the king’s hand. Then he pressed her to his heart. Very soon the joyous church bells announced the marriage feast, and that the beautiful dumb girl out of the wood was to be made the queen of the country. Then the archbishop whispered wicked words in the king’s ear, but they did not sink into his heart. The marriage was still to take place, and the archbishop himself had to place the crown on the bride’s head; in his wicked spite, he pressed the narrow circlet so tightly on her forehead that it caused her pain. But a heavier weight encircled her heart—sorrow for her brothers. She felt not bodily pain. Her mouth was closed; a single word would cost the lives of her brothers. But she loved the kind, handsome king, who did everything to make her happy more and more each day; she loved him with all her heart, and her eyes beamed with the love she dared not speak. Oh! if she had only been able to confide in him and tell him of her grief. But dumb she must remain till her task was finished. Therefore at night she crept away into her little chamber, which had been decked out to look like the cave, andquickly wove one coat after another. But when she began the seventh she found she had no more flax. She knew that the nettles she wanted to use grew in the churchyard, and that she must pluck them herself. How should she get out there? “Oh, what is the pain in my fingers to the torment which my heart endures?” said she. “I must venture, I shall not be denied help from heaven.” Then with a trembling heart, as if she were about to perform a wicked deed, she crept into the garden in the broad moonlight, and passed through the narrow walks and the deserted streets, till she reached the churchyard. Then she saw on one of the broad tombstones a group of ghouls. These hideous creatures took off their rags, as if they intended to bathe, and then clawing open the fresh graves with their long, skinny fingers, pulled out the dead bodies and ate the flesh! Eliza had to pass close by them, and they fixed their wicked glances upon her, but she prayed silently, gathered the burning nettles, and carried them home with her to the castle. One person only had seen her, and that was the archbishop—he was awake while everybody was asleep. Now he thought his opinion was evidently correct. All was not right with the queen. She was a witch, and had bewitched the king and all the people. Secretly he told the king what he had seen and what he feared, and as the hard words came from his tongue, the carved images of the saints shook their heads as if they would say. “It is not so. Eliza is innocent.”But the archbishop interpreted it in another way; he believed that they witnessed against her, and were shaking their heads at her wickedness. Two large tears rolled down the king’s cheeks, and he went home with doubt in his heart, and at night he pretended to sleep, but there came no real sleep to his eyes, for he saw Eliza get up every night and disappear in her ownchamber. From day to day his brow became darker, and Eliza saw it and did not understand the reason, but it alarmed her and made her heart tremble for her brothers. Her hot tears glittered like pearls on the regal velvet and diamonds, while all who saw her were wishing they could be queens. In the mean time she had almost finished her task; only one coat of mail was wanting, but she had no flax left, and not a single nettle. Once more only, and for the last time, must she venture to the churchyard and pluck a few handfuls. She thought with terror of the solitary walk, and of the horrible ghouls, but her will was firm, as well as her trust in Providence. Eliza went, and the king and the archbishop followed her. They saw her vanish through the wicket gate into the churchyard, and when they came nearer they saw the ghouls sitting on the tombstone, as Eliza had seen them, and the king turned away his head, for he thought she was with them—she whose head had rested on his breast that very evening. “The people must condemn her,” said he, and she was very quickly condemned by every one to suffer death by fire. Away from the gorgeous regal halls was she led to a dark, dreary cell, where the wind whistled through the iron bars. Instead of the velvet and silk dresses, they gave her the coats of mail which she had woven to cover her, and the bundle of nettles for a pillow; but nothing they could give her would have pleased her more. She continued her task with joy, and prayed for help, while the street-boys sang jeering songs about her, and not a soul comforted her with a kind word. Towards evening, she heard at the grating the flutter of a swan’s wing, it was her y oungest brother—he had found his sister, and she sobbed for joy, although she knew that very likely this would be the last night she would have to live. But still she could hope, for her task was almost finished, and her brotherswere come. Then the archbishop arrived, to be with her during her last hours, as he had promised the king. But she shook her head, and begged him, by looks and gestures, not to stay; for in this night she knew she must finish her task, otherwise all her pain and tears and sleepless nights would have been suffered in vain. The archbishop withdrew, uttering bitter words against her; but poor Eliza knew that she was innocent, and diligently continued her work.The little mice ran about the floor, they dragged the nettles to her feet, to help as well as they could; and the thrush sat outside the grating of the window, and sang to her the whole night long, as sweetly as possible, to keep up her spirits.It was still twilight, and at least an hour before sunrise, when the eleven brothers stood at the castle gate, and demanded to be brought before the king. They were told it could not be, it was yet almost night, and as the king slept they dared not disturb him. They threatened, they entreated. Then the guard appeared, and even the king himself, inquiring what all the noise meant. At this moment the sun rose. The eleven brothers were seen no more, but eleven wild swans flew away over the castle.And now all the people came streaming forth from the gates of the city, to see the witch burnt. An old horse drew the cart on which she sat. They had dressed her in a garment of coarse sackcloth. Her lovely hair hung loose on her shoulders, her cheeks were deadly pale, her lips moved silently, while her fingers still worked at the green flax. Even on the way to death, she would not give up her task. The ten coats of mail lay at her feet, she was working hard at the eleventh, while the mob jeered her and said, “See the witch, how she mutters! She has no hymn-book in her hand. She sits there with her ugly sorcery. Let us tear it in athousand pieces.”And then they pressed towards her, and would have destroyed the coats of mail, but at the same moment eleven wild swans flew over her, and alighted on the cart. Then they flapped their large wings, and the crowd drew on one side in alarm.“It is a sign from heaven that she is innocent,” whispered many of them; but they ventured not to say it aloud.As the executioner seized her by the hand, to lift her out of the cart, she hastily threw the eleven coats of mail over the swans, and they immediately became eleven handsome princes; but the youngest had a swan’s wing, instead of an arm; for she had not been able to finish the last sleeve of the coat.“Now I may speak,” she exclaimed. “I am innocent.”Then the people, who saw what happened, bowed to her, as before a saint; but she sank lifeless in her brothers’ arms, overcome with suspense, anguish, and pain.“Yes, she is innocent,” said the eldest brother; and then he related all that had taken place; and while he spoke there rose in the air a fragrance as from millions of roses. Every piece of faggot in the pile had taken root, and threw out branches, and appeared a thick hedge, large and high, covered with roses; while above all bloomed a white and shining flower, that glittered like a star. This flower the king plucked, and placed in Eliza’s bosom, when she awoke from her swoon, with peace and happiness in her heart. And all the church bells rang of themselves, and the birds came in great troops. And a marriage procession returned to the castle, such as no king had ever before seen.。
海滩上有一对天鹅读后感
海滩上有一对天鹅读后感英文回答：The story "A Pair of Swans on the Beach" is a heartwarming tale that captures the beauty of nature andthe bond between living beings. It revolves around a pairof swans who find themselves on a beach, away from their natural habitat. The author vividly describes the serene setting of the beach, with its golden sand and gentle waves, creating a picturesque scene.The swans, initially lost and confused, soon adapt to their new surroundings. They gracefully glide through the water, their white feathers glistening in the sunlight. The author portrays their movements with such elegance and grace, making it easy for the readers to visualize the scene. The swans' presence on the beach brings joy and wonder to the people who witness their beauty.As the story progresses, the author delves into theemotional aspect of the swans' journey. The swans' longing for their natural habitat becomes evident, as they yearn for the familiar waters and the companionship of their fellow swans. Despite this longing, they make the most of their time on the beach, finding solace in each other's company.The author beautifully captures the bond between the swans, emphasizing the importance of companionship and support. They navigate the challenges of their new environment together, finding comfort in their shared experiences. Their love for each other is evident in their synchronized movements and their unwavering loyalty.The story also highlights the impact of human intervention on nature. The swans' presence on the beach serves as a reminder of the importance of preserving natural habitats and respecting wildlife. It prompts readers to reflect on their own actions and the consequences they may have on the environment.中文回答：《海滩上的一对天鹅》这个故事温暖人心，捕捉到了大自然的美丽和生物之间的纽带。
Swan and Shadow 天鹅与影子
Swan and Shadow ——DuskAbove thewater hang theloudfliesHereO sograythenWhat A pale signal will appearWhen Soon before its shadow fadesWhere Here in this pool of opened eyeIn us No Upon us As at the very edgesof where we take shape in the dark airthis object bares its image awakeningripples of recognition that willbrush darkness up into lighteven after this bird this hour both drift by atop the perfect sad instant n owalready passing out of sighttoward yet-untroubled reflectionthis image bears its object darkeninginto memorial shades Scattered bits oflight No of water Or something acrosswater Breaking up No Being regatheredsoon Yet by then a swan will havegone Yes out of mind into whatvastpalehushof aplacepastsudden dark asif a swansang美丽的天鹅清澈而宁静的湖面孤芳自赏自己那美丽却略带寂寞的倒影也许它会想什么时候自己也会变成那朵千古流传的黄色水仙人亦如此生活在自己绚丽的光环下忘却周围的平凡与简单走出那道美丽的光圈才发现原来生活是该如斯冷漠的代价是无边无际的孤独还有永远空虚的灵魂美丽的天鹅金色的水仙自恋的人生他们都有寂寞而华丽的倒影当天鹅飞向天际水仙笑对众人自恋的人儿走向你我倒影不再孤独生命亦不复黯淡。
小鸭子的影子r是天鹅
小鸭子的影子r是天鹅陆心岛【期刊名称】《人事天地》【年(卷),期】2017(000)009【总页数】1页(P61)【作者】陆心岛【作者单位】【正文语种】中文“Hello！”在四川外国语大学附近的大街上，一个小伙子正在用英语聊微信语音。
这在四川外国语大学附近，本是很常见的事，因为这里有很多英语系的大学生。
但是，让来往的路人惊讶的是，这个小伙子穿着制服，骑着电动车，车后的篮子里还有很多打包好的饭菜，完全是一个外卖小哥的模样。
没错，他就是一个外卖小哥，但却是一个英语用得很溜的外卖小哥，他叫毛召木。
毛召木上中学时就特别喜欢英语，英语成绩在班上也常常名列前茅。
因此，他经常得到老师和同学的赞扬。
但是，毛召木来自一个普通的农民家庭，父亲常年忙于农活，维持一家生计，母亲又身带残疾。
他还有一个年幼的妹妹，就快要到上学的年纪。
为了帮助父亲一起承担家庭的重担，毛召木不得不在高中时辍学，外出打工。
然而，辍学并没有改变毛召木喜爱英语的心。
即使在外打工，他也一直坚持学英语，早上早起背英语单词，晚上休息读英语新闻。
毛召木曾经很想找一个使用英语的工作，但是这些工作都是需要英语的实践技能。
而他一直只是通过书本去学习英语的理论知识，达不到工作需要的实践要求，加上没有大学学历，所以他只能先干别的活。
因为坚持在业余时间学习英语，在一起打工的朋友总是笑话毛召木，还给他取了个外号叫“毛老外”。
也有朋友曾劝他说：“看你现在这情况，学那么多英文根本没有用武之地，还不如省下时间来多挣点钱更重要。
”但是毛召木不为所动，不论在哪里打工，做哪种工作，他都一直保持着自己学英语的习惯。
但是朋友的话也不是全无道理。
一方面，因为环境的原因，毛召木学习英语的效率低，事倍功半，进步缓慢；另一方面，他学到的英语没有地方可以运用，尽管一直坚持，却难以从实践出真知，达到活学活用。
毛召木一直很苦恼，想找到可以得到实践的好办法。
除了英语，毛召木还很喜欢看书，一天，他在书中看到这样一个现象：现在很多互联网公司在发布一项产品前，都会开发布会，做宣传，为即将发布的产品造势，到了真正发布时，就可以很快被市场接受。
Swan and Shadow的象似与隐喻认知分析
Swan and Shadow的象似与隐喻认知分析
邓海丽;禾雨
【期刊名称】《福建师大福清分校学报》
【年(卷),期】2009(000)006
【摘要】认知语言学认为象似和隐喻是人类的重要认知方式,是语言的普遍现象.以形体诗歌Swan and Shadow为例,借助合成空间理论,分析以象似和隐喻为特征的认知运作机制.两者互相影响、相辅相成,在构建语篇意义、把握语篇主旨方面起着重要作用.
【总页数】4页(P55-58)
【作者】邓海丽;禾雨
【作者单位】东莞理工学院城市学院语文艺系,广东东莞,523102;东莞理工学院城市学院语文艺系,广东东莞,523102
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】H315
【相关文献】
1.隐喻象似还是象似隐喻——基于《天鹅与倒影》的认知分析 [J], 邓海丽;霍金根
2.运用主体-背景理论与拟象象似性理论对比分析句法结构 [J], 池秀芬
3.艾米莉·狄金森诗歌中破折号的象似性分析 [J], 严思恬;李世存
4.希尔达·杜利特尔诗歌的视觉艺术:基于象似性视角的文体学分析 [J], 袁微
5.英语中动态的象似性分析 [J], 黄琪;周统权
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
天鹅与倒影
天鹅与倒影
任盈盈
【期刊名称】《海外英语（中）》
【年(卷),期】2005(000)012
【摘要】@@ 十七世纪开始,一些富有创新精神的诗人把他们的诗歌修整成为圣坛和十字架,或柱子和金字塔的轮廓.这些可不是仅仅是创新精神的体现哦.这里有一篇绝世之作(Suran and Shadow).
【总页数】1页(P39)
【作者】任盈盈
【作者单位】四川外国语学院
【正文语种】中文
【相关文献】
1.论《天鹅与倒影》诗中的书写变异 [J], 谭欣语;
2.古典“天鹅”的现代镜像——从《天鹅湖》与《天鹅之死》中看 [J], 许慧子
3.隐喻象似还是象似隐喻——基于《天鹅与倒影》的认知分析 [J], 邓海丽;霍金根
4.建构、转化与延续:芭蕾舞剧《天鹅湖》的“天鹅”神话解读 [J], 刘婵娟
5.建构、转化与延续:芭蕾舞剧《天鹅湖》的"天鹅"神话解读 [J], 刘婵娟
因版权原因，仅展示原文概要，查看原文内容请购买。
倒影变大象的天鹅感悟
倒影变大象的天鹅感悟一、引言倒影变大象的天鹅是一种寓言，它传达了一个深刻的哲理：人们常常受到自身认知的限制，无法看到事物的本质和真相。
本文将从不同角度探讨这个主题。
二、认知的局限性2.1 个人认知的局限人的认知受到个人经验、教育背景、文化差异等因素的影响，导致对事物的理解和看法存在偏差。
这种个人认知的局限性使得人们无法全面地把握事物的本质。
2.2 社会认知的局限社会认知的局限性体现在人们对事物的认识容易受到主流观点和舆论的影响，难以独立思考和形成独立的判断。
这种社会认知的局限性限制了人们对事物的全面了解。
三、透过倒影看本质3.1 倒影的特点倒影是事物在反射时形成的影像，它往往与实物相似但有所差异。
倒影的存在使得我们可以从不同角度观察事物，发现其中的细节和变化。
3.2 倒影的象征意义倒影变大象的天鹅寓言中的倒影象征着我们对事物的认知。
通过观察倒影，我们可以看到事物的不同侧面和隐藏的特征，从而更好地认识事物的本质。
3.3 倒影与真相的关系倒影虽然与实物相似，但并非真实的事物。
倒影变大象的天鹅寓言告诉我们，我们不能仅凭倒影就认定事物的真相，需要通过多角度的观察和思考来接近真相。
四、超越认知的局限4.1 开放思维的重要性要超越认知的局限，需要具备开放的思维方式。
开放思维能够让我们接受新的观点和思想，从而拓宽我们对事物的认知范围。
4.2 多元文化的影响多元文化的存在使得我们能够接触到不同的思想和观点。
通过与不同文化的人交流和学习，我们可以超越自身的认知局限，更好地理解事物的本质。
4.3 科学方法的运用科学方法的运用是超越认知局限的有效途径之一。
科学方法注重实证和证据，通过实验和观察来验证和推翻假设，从而获得更准确的认知。
五、如何看待倒影5.1 不轻信倒影倒影虽然能够提供一种观察事物的方式，但我们不能轻信倒影。
倒影只是事物的一种表象，我们需要通过多方面的观察和思考来获取更全面的认知。
5.2 深入思考倒影要深入思考倒影，需要我们具备批判性思维的能力。
青蛙和影子读后感
青蛙和影子读后感(中英文实用版)After immersing myself in the tale of "The Frog and the Shadow," I was deeply impressed by the profound messages conveyed in this seemingly simple story.It"s a delightful narrative that integrates the elements of adventure, fear, and companionship, all seen through the lens of a little frog and its curious shadow.在阅读《青蛙和影子》这个故事后，我深受感动，看似简单的情节中蕴含着丰富的寓意。
这是一段融合了探险、恐惧和友谊的愉快叙述，一切通过一只小青蛙和它那好奇影子的视角展现出来。
The story illustrates the fear of the unknown, as the frog is initially scared of its own shadow, a commonality we can all relate to.However, it"s through this fear that the frog embarks on a journey of self-discovery and understanding, eventually realizing that the shadow is not something to be feared but an integral part of itself.故事描绘了对未知的恐惧，青蛙最初对自己的影子感到害怕，这是我们都能够共鸣的普遍情感。
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Swan and Shadow ——Dusk
Above the
water hang the
loud
flies
Here
O so
gray
then
What A pale signal will appear
When Soon before its shadow fades
Where Here in this pool of opened eye
In us No Upon us As at the very edges
of where we take shape in the dark air
this object bares its image awakening
ripples of recognition that will
brush darkness up into light
even after this bird this hour both drift by atop the perfect sad instant n ow
already passing out of sight
toward yet-untroubled reflection
this image bears its object darkening
into memorial shades Scattered bits of
light No of water Or something across
water Breaking up No Being regathered
soon Yet by then a swan will have
gone Yes out of mind into what
vast
pale
hush
of a
place
past
sudden dark as
if a swan
sang
美丽的天鹅
清澈而宁静的湖面
孤芳自赏
自己那美丽却略带寂寞的倒影也许它会想
什么时候自己也会变成
那朵千古流传的
黄色水仙
人亦如此
生活在自己绚丽的光环下
忘却周围的平凡与简单
走出那道美丽的光圈
才发现原来
生活是该如斯
冷漠的代价是
无边无际的孤独
还有
永远空虚的灵魂
美丽的天鹅
金色的水仙
自恋的人生
他们都有寂寞而华丽的倒影
当天鹅飞向天际
水仙笑对众人
自恋的人儿走向你我
倒影不再孤独
生命亦不复黯淡。